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Introduction and hypothesis: There is still no consensus on definitions of detrusor underactivity; therefore, it is difficult to estimate the prevalence. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of detrusor underactivity in a cohort of patients with pelvic floor disorders according to different proposed urodynamics definitions. The secondary objectives were to estimate the association between detrusor underactivity and symptoms, anatomy and urodynamic findings and to build predictive models. Methods: Patients who performed urodynamic evaluation for pelvic floor disorders between 2008 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Detrusor underactivity was evaluated according to Schafer's detrusor factor, Abrams' bladder contractility index and Jeong cut-offs. The degree of concordance between each method was measured with Cohenʼs kappa, and differences were tested using Student's t test, Wilcoxon test and Pearson's chi-squared test. Results: The prevalence of detrusor underactivity among a cohort of 2092 women, concerning the three urodynamic definitions, was 33.7%, 37.0% and 4.1%, respectively. Age, menopausal status, voiding/bulging symptoms, anterior and central prolapse, first desire to void and positive postvoid residual were directly related to detrusor underactivity. Conversely, stress urinary incontinence, detrusor pressures during voiding and maximum flow were inversely associated. Final models for detrusor underactivity resulted in poor accuracy for all considered definitions. Conclusions: The prevalence of detrusor underactivity varies depending on the definition considered. Although several clinical variables resulted as independent predictors of detrusor underactivity, instrumental evaluation still plays a key role in the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Background: Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying (SIBE) has been shown to be correlated with an elevated post‐void residual (PVR) in men, however, the significance of this symptom and whether it correlates with an elevated PVR in women is less clear. In this study, we assessed if SIBE in women is correlated with an elevated PVR and determined the relationship of SIBE to other lower urinary tract symptoms. Methods/Materials: Women ages ≥18 with lower urinary tract symptoms were eligible. SIBE was defined by a response "sometimes", "most of the time", or "all of the time" to the question "How often do you feel that your bladder has not emptied properly after you have urinated?" on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire. Frequency and bother of other lower urinary tract symptoms were also assessed to compare their relationship to SIBE. Elevated PVR was defined as ≥100 ml via ultrasound. Results: We prospectively evaluated 95 women, 59% of whom reported SIBE. Compared to women without SIBE, women with SIBE reported more urinary hesitancy (51% vs. 18%, p = 0.002), intermittency (56% vs. 16%, p < 0.001), weak stream (36% vs. 5%, p < 0.001), dysuria (29% vs. 5%, p = 0.004), and straining (25% vs 5%, p = 0.013). However, there was no difference in elevated PVRs between women with and without SIBE [5/56, 9% vs. 4/39, 10%, (p = 0.99)]. All women, regardless of SIBE, reported higher bother from storage and incontinence symptoms versus voiding symptoms with no difference in overall bother scores. Conclusion: SIBE is a common complaint in women with lower urinary tract symptoms. While women with SIBE reported more voiding symptoms, they were more bothered by storage symptoms. Importantly, most of these women emptied their bladder well and were not more likely to have an elevated PVR than women without SIBE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To observe the effect of catheterization time combined with catheterization volume on patients with incomplete bladder emptying (IBE) after stroke.Methods:A total of 62 patients with IBE after stroke were divided into the control group (n=30) and the observation group (n=32) respectively, in the first affiliated hospital of Nanchang University from June to December 2017, according to the random number table method. The control group was given routine rehabilitation treatment such as transcutaneous nerve stimulation, acupuncture, bladder function retraining, and at the same time, the patients were given time-type intermittent catheterization once every 4-8 hours. The observation group was given catheterization time combined with catheterization volume on the basis of routine rehabilitation treatment in the control group. The patients were classified according to the results of urodynamics and bladder volume pressure measurement. Bladder volume before urination and residual urine volume after micturition were dynamically monitored by BladderScar (BVI9400) and micturition diary bedside, and intermittent catheterization was performed when the urine volume reached"bladder safety capacity". Before and after intervention, the patients'micturition volume, times of micturition and interval time of micturition were observed; the bladder safety capacity and residual urine volume were assessed by Bladder capacity tester; the incidence of urinary tract infection was assessed by laboratory urine culture; the reimplantation of indwelling catheter was observed in the two groups.Results:Before intervention, there was no significant difference in micturition volume, micturition times, voiding time interval, bladder volume, residual urine volume, urinary tract infection and repeated indwelling catheter times between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with those before intervention, the urine volume and bladder volume in the observation group increased significantly and the residual urine volume decreased significantly after intervention for three weeks, and the difference was statistically significant (PPP>0.05).Conclusion:Catheterization time combined with volume intermittent catheterization is helpful for patients to re-establish micturition reflex arc, increase self-micturition volume and bladder capacity, reduce residual urine volume and average daily micturition times according to accurate bladder safety capacity. It is worthy of clinical application to promote the recovery of patients'autonomous voiding function and reduce the risk of urinary tract infection.

Keywords: Cartilaginous cyst; Pubic cyst; Incomplete bladder emptying EN Cartilaginous cyst Pubic cyst Incomplete bladder emptying 465 467 3 01/28/21 20210201 NES 210201 Introduction Subpubic cartilaginous cysts are rare masses most commonly seen in parous women. MRI revealed a 35 × 36 × 25-mm well-defined, complex, rim-enhancing lesion associated with the posterior/inferior aspect of the pubic symphysis and abutting but distinct from the urethra (Figs. 3 Coronal T2-weighted HASTE MRI revealing a hyperintense, mixed cystic and solid fluid-filled subpubic cyst separate from anatomical surroundings The patient was referred to orthopedic oncology, who recommended biopsy and subsequent surgical excision by urogynecology. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction and hypothesis: Covert (asymptomatic) postpartum urinary retention (PUR) is defined as post-void residual volume (PVRV) ≥150 mL. Although often supposed to be a common and harmless phenomenon, no data are available on the potential long-term micturition problems of increased PVRV after vaginal delivery.Methods: After the first spontaneous void post-vaginal delivery, PVRV was measured using a portable scanning device. Micturition symptoms were compared using validated questionnaires between women with PVRV < 150 mL and those with PVRV ≥150 mL until 1 year after delivery. Women with PVRV ≥ 150 mL were followed until complete bladder emptying was achieved.Results: Data of 105 patients with PVRV < 150 mL and 119 with PVRV ≥ 150 mL were available for analysis. 75% of all patients included had PVRV ≥ 250 mL. More primiparous patients had PVRV ≥ 150 mL (p < 0.02). 92% of women with PVRV ≥ 150 mL after delivery were able to adequately empty their bladder within 4 days. One year after delivery, no statistically significant differences were found.Conclusions: Covert PUR according to the definition of PVRV ≥ 150 mL, is a common and transient phenomenon that does not result in more lower urinary tract symptoms 1 year after delivery. Although the current definition is not useful in identifying postpartum women with a pathological condition, we suggest that the definition of covert PUR should be change to: “PVRV≥500 mL after the first spontaneous void after (vaginal) delivery.” This cut-off value is the value at which some women do need more time to normalise emptying of the bladder. The exact clinical implications of covert PUR need to be further studied in this subcategory of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kuo-Wei Yu,1,* Chien-Lin Lin,1,2 Chun-Chuang Hung,3 Eric Chieh-Lung Chou,4 Yueh-Ling Hsieh,5 Te-Mao Li,2,3,* Li-Wei Chou1,2,61Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 2School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 3Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 4Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 5Department of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 6Acupuncture Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan*These authors contributed equally to this workBackground: Incomplete bladder emptying (IBE) is defined as having a postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume greater than 100 mL for 2 consecutive days. IBE is common in stroke patients and could necessitate indwelling or intermittent catheterization. The condition is correlated with urinary tract infections, which could impede rehabilitation progress and increase medical costs. Treatment for patients with IBE includes bladder retraining, biofeedback, medication, and botulinum toxin injection, but none of these interventions are completely effective.Methods: All patients with acute stroke who were admitted to the rehabilitation ward between August 2010 and April 2011 were included in the study and their PVR urine volume was checked. Electroacupuncture (EA; 1 Hz, 15 minutes) was performed on the acupoints Sanyinjiao (SP6), Ciliao (BL32), and Pangguangshu (BL28) of stroke patients with IBE for a total of ten treatments (five times a week for 2 weeks). Bladder diaries, which included the spontaneous voiding and PVR urine volumes, were recorded during the course of treatment.Results: The presence of IBE was not related to sex, history of diabetes mellitus, stroke type (hemorrhagic or ischemic), or stroke location (P > 0.05). Among the 49 patients in the study, nine (18%) had IBE, and seven of the stroke patients with IBE were treated with EA. Increased spontaneous voiding volume and decreased PVR urine volume were noted after ten sessions of EA.Conclusion: EA may have beneficial effects on stroke survivors with IBE, thereby making it a potential safe modality with which to improve urinary function.Keywords: acupuncture, electroacupuncture, incomplete bladder emptying, rehabilitation, stroke, urinary retention

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by cardiovascular autonomic failure and/or urinary dysfunctions, associated with parkinsonism, cerebellar and/or corticospinal signs, usually leading to death after an average of 7 years. We describe the disease course of five patients diagnosed with probable MSA (4 with predominant parkinsonism and 1 with predominant cerebellar ataxia) who survived for more than 15 years and were followed throughout the disease course at our department. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction of any severity occurred late (mean latency from disease onset 9.4 ± 5 years) in this subgroup of MSA patients. The time of involvement of the urogenital system was more variable (from 0 to 14 years after disease onset) and manifested with symptoms of storage disorders (urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence) and erectile dysfunction in men. Conversely complains suggestive of urinary voiding dysfunction (incomplete bladder emptying and urinary retention) were not recorded and patients required catheterization only late in the disease course. In conclusion, our study showed that late onset of both cardiovascular autonomic failure and urinary voiding disorders may be positive prognostic factors in MSA irrespective of the MSA subtype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Incomplete bladder emptying (IBE) is defined as having a postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume greater than 100 mL for 2 consecutive days. IBE is common in stroke patients and could necessitate indwelling or intermittent catheterization. The condition is correlated with urinary tract infections, which could impede rehabilitation progress and increase medical costs. Treatment for patients with IBE includes bladder retraining, biofeedback, medication, and botulinum toxin injection, but none of these interventions are completely effective. Methods: All patients with acute stroke who were admitted to the rehabilitation ward between August 2010 and April 2011 were included in the study and their PVR urine volume was checked. Electroacupuncture (EA; 1 Hz, 15 minutes) was performed on the acupoints Sanyinjiao (SP6), Ciliao (BL32), and Pangguangshu (BL28) of stroke patients with IBE for a total of ten treatments (five times a week for 2 weeks). Bladder diaries, which included the spontaneous voiding and PVR urine volumes, were recorded during the course of treatment. Results: The presence of IBE was not related to sex, history of diabetes mellitus, stroke type (hemorrhagic or ischemic), or stroke location (P > 0.05). Among the 49 patients in the study, nine (18%) had IBE, and seven of the stroke patients with IBE were treated with EA. Increased spontaneous voiding volume and decreased PVR urine volume were noted after ten sessions of EA. Conclusion: EA may have beneficial effects on stroke survivors with IBE, thereby making it a potential safe modality with which to improve urinary function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermittent catheterization (IC) is a widely used technique for emptying the bladder, first recorded in 1000 BCE. This article describes the normal anatomy and physiology of bladder filling and emptying, and discusses the reasons why emptying may be incomplete. Incomplete emptying usually has a neurogenic or obstructive cause, leading to symptoms such as frequency, urge incontinence and urinary tract infection. IC may be carried out for several reasons: as an acute intervention for transitory problems with bladder emptying; to enable the instillation of drugs into the bladder; or as a long-term intervention where there is a regular post-void residual volume of more than 100 ml. Ideally, the patient intermittently catheterizes his/her own bladder, but a relative or healthcare professional may carry out this task. Some patients have specific requirements and problems, and case studies are presented to illustrate how these problems may be resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]