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Stephanie Collins' book, "Organizations as Wrongdoers: From Ontology to Morality," explores the concept of organizations as moral agents and their responsibility for wrongdoing. Collins defines an organization as a collective agent that coordinates labor through rules and hierarchical command relations. She argues that organizations are real and have agency, which makes them blameworthy for their actions. However, there are challenges in attributing blame to organizations, such as the role of individual members and power dynamics within organizations. Collins' theory requires further examination of the epistemic and political inequalities that exist in real organizations to properly attribute blame. [Extracted from the article]

The article "The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity" by Toby Ord discusses the increasing existential risks facing humanity, with a 1 in 6 chance of civilization ending in the next century. These risks include nuclear war, climate change, engineered pandemics, and the existential risk of artificial intelligence. Ord emphasizes the need for global cooperation and individual action to mitigate these risks and safeguard humanity's future. The article highlights the importance of longtermism as an ethical position, focusing on positively influencing the long-term future as a moral priority. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the concept of relational egalitarianism in the workplace, emphasizing the importance of justice and equity for organizational efficiency. It explores how perceptions of organizational justice impact employee well-being, creativity, and behavior. The text also delves into the idea of a workplace structured without hierarchy, promoting cooperative and non-hierarchical organizational structures. The article provides a critical examination of relational egalitarian ideal theory, offering insights into business ethics, public administration, and social and political philosophy. [Extracted from the article]

"The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought" is an important book in the study of Chinese history. It is an abridged translation of Wang Hui's four-volume work, which examines the development of Chinese thought from the Song Dynasty to the Republic of China. The book explores the role of Neo-Confucianism, the transformation of scholarship in the Qing Dynasty, and the attempts to legitimize Chinese dynasties. Wang argues for a dissolution of binaries in understanding Chinese history and emphasizes the interrelatedness of diverse cultural systems in China. The book also challenges the Western idea of China as solely Han and calls for the abandonment of ethnonationalism. [Extracted from the article]

"The New Age of Empire: How Racism and Colonialism Still Rule the World" by Kehinde Andrews is a thought-provoking book that examines the enduring legacy of colonialism and racism in shaping contemporary global politics, economics, and culture. Andrews argues that Western societies continue to be built upon racial inequality and colonial exploitation, and calls for a radical rethinking of the global order to create a more just and equitable world. The book explores the historical roots of colonialism and racism, the persistence of these structures after decolonization, and their intersection with issues such as migration, climate change, and the "war on terror." While the book may be polemical and lacking in engagement with alternative perspectives, the evidence it presents is legitimate and relevant. [Extracted from the article]

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Moral circle expansion has been occurring faster than ever before in the last forty years, with moral agency fully extended to all humans regardless of their ethnicity, and regardless of their geographical location, as well as to animals, plants, ecosystems and even artificial intelligence. This process has made even more headway in recent years with the establishment of moral obligations towards future generations. Responsible for this development is the moral theory - and its associated movement - of longtermism, the bible of which is What We Owe the Future (London: Oneworld, 2022) by William MacAskill, whose book Doing Good Better (London: Guardian Faber, 2015) set the cornerstone of the effective altruist movement of which longtermism forms a part. With its novelty comes great excitement, but longtermism and the arguments on its behalf are not yet well thought out, suffering from various problems and entailing various uncomfortable positions on population axiology and the philosophy of history. This essay advances a number of novel criticisms of longtermism; its aim is to identify further avenues for research required by longtermists, and to establish a standard for the future development of the movement if it is to ever be widely considered as sound. Some of the issues raised here are about the arguments for the moral value of the future; the quantification of that value with the longtermist ethical calculus - or the conjunction of expected value theory with the 'significance, persistence, contingency' (SPC) framework; the moral value of making happy people; and our ability to affect the future and the fragility of history. Perhaps the most significant finding of this study is that longtermism currently constitutes a shorterm view on the longterm future, and that a properly longterm view reduces to absurdity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses two books, "Obstacles to Environmental Progress" by Peter Schulze and "Under a White Sky" by Elizabeth Kolbert, which explore the challenges and obstacles to achieving environmental progress. Schulze highlights three categories of obstacles: detecting and comprehending environmental problems, responding to environmental problems, and implementing effective solutions. Kolbert focuses on the unintended consequences of technological solutions to environmental problems and emphasizes the need for humility and careful consideration in addressing complex ecological challenges. While Schulze offers some practical recommendations, Kolbert's book lacks actionable suggestions. Both authors acknowledge the importance of environmental progress but highlight the difficulties in achieving it. [Extracted from the article]