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11. How common are vascular injuries in open tibial fractures? A prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Author

O'Malley, O., Trompeter, A. J., Krishnanandan, S., Vesely, M., Holt, P., Goh, G., Papadakos, N., Bhatia, V., and Hing, C. B.

Subjects
BLOOD vessels, VASCULAR diseases, COMPUTED tomography, LONGITUDINAL method, TIBIA injuries, TRAFFIC accidents, WOUNDS & injuries, DISEASE incidence, BONE shafts
Abstract

Background: Tibial fractures have an incidence of 15% of all adult fractures. They have been shown to have the highest incidence of non-union in long bone fractures and the highest incidence of vascular injury. Evidence from the literature suggests that a good vascular supply is important to ensure bone union. The aim of our study was to prospectively assess the incidence of vascular injuries in open tibial fractures and determine whether they were associated with an increased risk of non-union. Methods: We performed a prospective study to investigate the incidence of arterial injuries with computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients with Gustilo–Anderson grade I–III open tibial fractures between 2013 and 2015. CTA was performed with the trauma series at acute admission and reported by two independent musculoskeletal radiologists. Patients were followed up with clinical and radiographic assessment for 1 year. Results: We recruited 77 patients into the study, and 56 patients (47 males, 9 females) were available for the final analysis, between 16 and 90 years of age. At the initial assessment, 29% had signs of arterial injury with active extravasation in 5%. The most common site of injury was in the diaphysis (87.5%), and the commonest mechanism was a road traffic accident. We found no significant relation between occult vascular injury and non-union (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of vascular injury in open tibial fractures is 29%, and CTA is therefore a useful test in identifying vascular injuries that may require vascular intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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12. A REVIEW OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY.

Author

Hing, C. B. and Back, D. L.

Subjects
*INTELLECTUAL property, *BIOTECHNOLOGY, *INTANGIBLE property, *PATENTS, *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
Abstract

Intellectual property rights protect innovations and their authors. This review describes the concepts of copyright and patent with their relative merits and drawbacks. An understanding of intellectual property rights is important for doctors to allow protection of their work but should not be at the expense of scientific progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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13. Autobanking of femoral heads for revision total hip replacement, a preliminary report of a new surgical technique.

Author

Hing, C. B., Ball, R. Y., and Tucker, J. K.

Subjects
*OSTEOARTHRITIS treatment, *BONE banks, *TOTAL hip replacement, *BONE grafting, *FEMUR
Abstract

Background and Aim: Conventional banking of bone allografts has been well documented in the literature. It relies on standardised screening and providing a sterile storage facility. We report a new surgical technique of banking the femoral head in a surgically fashioned subperiosteal iliac pouch and its use for the donor's own surgery. Material and Methods: Thirteen patients with an average age of 60 years and a diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the hip with a contralateral symptomatic loose hip replacement were selected. The femoral head was harvested and banked. On retrieval, histological analysis was performed in four specimens with clinical and radiographic review of all subjects. Results: Radiographic results show good integration of the morselised femoral head bone graft in revision hip surgery. Histological results from four retrieved specimens show viability at eight years and eleven months from insertion into the pouch. Discussion: Autobanking of the patient's own femoral head is suitable in a select group of patients in whom a combined primary and contralateral revision total hip replacement poses an unacceptable anaesthetic risk. It has the advantage of providing a graft with osteoinductive potential and a reduced risk of infection. It eliminates the need for a storage facility and screening programme. It also provides a portable storage facility if the patient moves elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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14. Letters to the Editor.

Author

Hing, C. B., Tucker, J. K., and Ball, R. Y.

Subjects
*LETTERS to the editor, *TOTAL hip replacement
Abstract

Presents a letter to the editor commenting on degenerative changes in patients with primary hip replacement.

Published
2004
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15. Major trauma associated with mobility scooters: An analysis of the trauma audit research network.

Author

Krahelski, O, Sivarajah, S, Eardley, W, Smith, TO, Hing, CB, Smith, T O, and Hing, C B

Subjects
*TRAFFIC accidents, *DISEASE incidence, *RETROSPECTIVE studies, *HOSPITAL care, *TRAUMA severity indices
Abstract

Aims: To establish the incidence and nature of injuries seen in patients following mobility scooter incidents.Methods: The Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) database was used to collect data concerning injuries associated with mobility scooters. The data was taken from incidents that occurred between February 2014 and November 2020. The data analysed included: patient demographics, injury mechanism and patterns and associated mortality rates.Results: 1,504 patients were identified of which 61.4% were male. The median age was 76.2 years (IQR 63.5-84.9). The median injury severity score (ISS) was 9 (IQR 9-17), with major trauma (ISS ≥16) being observed in 29.4% of patients. Injuries to the limb were most common, although injuries to the head were most severe. Vehicle collisions accounted for 65.4% of injuries and were most closely associated with the most severe incidents. The median length of stay in hospital was 12 days, excluding the patients who died. Overall, mortality following injury was 10.6%, but the mortality rate was 15.4% in those aged 75 years and over, and 24.2% in those sustaining severe trauma.Conclusion: As the population ages, injury characteristics of those with both major and non-major trauma changes. Mobility scooter use is prevalent amongst older people, and we provided a detailed analysis of injuries sustained with their use across a national database. The length of stay and the inherent resource use, because of admission following mobility scooter trauma, is considerable. These injuries particularly affect the 'most elderly' and carry a considerable mortality burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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16. The association of hand and wrist injuries with other injuries in multiple trauma patients. A retrospective study in a UK Major Trauma Centre.

Author

Tsinaslanidis, P., Smith, Toby O., Brown, O.S., Tsinaslanidis, G., Umarji, S., Hing, CB, and Hing, C B

Subjects
*TRAUMA centers, *RETROSPECTIVE studies, *WRIST injuries, *TRAUMA severity indices, *WOUNDS & injuries
Abstract

Background: Approximately 20,000 major trauma cases occur in England every year. However, the association with concomitant upper limb injuries is unknown. This study aims to determine the incidence, injury pattern and association of hand and wrist injuries with other body injuries and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) in multiply injured trauma patients.Methods: Single centre retrospective study was performed at a level-one UK Major Trauma Centre (MTC). Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) eligible multiply injured trauma patients that were admitted to the hospital between January 2014 and December 2018 were analysed. TARN is the national trauma registry. Eligible patients were: a trauma patient of any age who was admitted for 72 h or more, or was admitted to intensive care, or died at the hospital, was transferred into the hospital for specialist care, was transferred to another hospital for specialist care or for an intensive care bed and whose isolated injuries met a set of criteria. Data extracted included: age, gender, mode of arrival, location of injuries including: hand and/or wrist and mechanism of injury. We performed a logistic regression analysis to assess the association between hand/wrist injury to ISS score of 15 points or above/below and to the presentation of other injuries.Results: 107 patients were analysed. Hand and wrist injuries were the second most common injury (26.2%), after thoracic injuries. Distal radial injuries were found in 5.6%, carpal/carpometacarpal in 6.5%, concurrent distal radius and carpometacarpal in 0.9%, phalangeal injuries in 4.7%, tendon injuries in 0.9% and concurrent hand and wrist injuries in 7.5% cases. There was a significant association between hand or wrist injuries and lower limb injuries (Odds Ratio (OR): 3.84; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.09 to 13.50; p = 0.04) and pelvic injuries (OR: 4.78; 95% CI: 1.31 to 17.44; p = 0.02). There was no statistical association between hand and wrist injuries and ISS score (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.11 to 5.79; p = 0.82).Conclusions: Hand and wrist injuries are prevalent in trauma patients admitted to MTCs. They should not be under-estimated but routinely screened for in multiply injured patients particularly those with a pelvic or lower limb injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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17. Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Author

Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Bhangu, Aneel, Glasbey, James C, Li, Elizabeth, Omar, Omar M, Simoes, Joana FF, Abbott, Tom EF, Alser, Osaid, Arnaud, Alexis P, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K, Breen, Kerry A, Cunha, Miguel F, Davidson, Giana H, Di Saverio, Salomone, Gallo, Gaetano, Griffiths, Ewen A, Gujjuri, Rohan R, Hutchinson, Peter J, Kaafarani, Haytham MA, Lederhuber, Hans, Löffler, Markus W, Mashbari, Hassan N, Minaya-Bravo, Ana, Morton, Dion G, Moszkowicz, David, Pata, Francesco, Tsoulfas, George, Venn, Mary L, Cox, Daniel, Roslani, April C, Alakaloko, Felix, de Vries, Jean-Paul PM, Aaraj, Mahmoud A, Abbott, Sarah J, Abdalla, Mutwakil OM, Abdelaal, Ahmed S, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Aherne, Thomas M, Ali, Osman M, Alkadeeki, Ghadah Z, Almeida, Ana C, Alrahawy, Mahmoud M, Ambler, Graeme K, Alameer, Ehab, Andreani, Stefano M, De Andrés-Asenjo, Beatriz, Antonanzas, Leyre Lopez, Aoun, Salah G, Ashoush, Fouad M, Augestad, Knut Magne, Avellana, Rocio B, Ayeni, Funbi A, Ayorinde, John OO, Babu, Bheemanakone H, Baig, Mirza MAS, Bajomo, Oreoluwa M, Baker, Olivia J, Baker, Markus P, Baldwin, Alexander J, Ban, Vin Shen, Baron, Ryan D, Barranquero, Alberto G, Barry, Conor P, DI Bartolomeo, Alessandro, Bass, Gary A, Bath, Michael F, Batjer, H Hunt, Beamish, Andrew J, Belgaumkar, Ajay P, Bence, Matthew N, Benson, Ruth A, Bernal-Sprekelsen, Juan Carlos, Bhama, Anuradha R, Bhavaraju, Avi V, Biffl, Walter L, Blundell, Chris M, Boddy, Alexander P, Borgstein, Alexander BJ, Bosanquet, David C, Bosch, Karen D, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad EM, Bozkurt, Mehmet A, Brathwaite, Collin EM, Brown, Benjamin C, Brown, Oliver D, Brown, Allison K, Buarque, Igor Lima, Bueno-Cañones, Alejandro D, Bulugma, Mustafa R, Burke, Joshua R, Byrne, Matthew HV, Cagigal-Ortega, Elima P, Callcut, Rachael A, DI Candido, Francesca, Canova, Michaela E, Carlos, William J, Caruana, Edward J, Cato, Liam D, Catton, Andrew B, Ceretti, Andrea Pisani, Chase, Thomas JG, Chiara, Francesco Di, Chowdhury, Abeed H, Chung, Eric A, Cicerchia, Pierfranco M, Clough, Ethan CS, Coleman, Natasha L, Collins, Chris G, Collins, Michelle L, Colonna, Emily T, Comini, Lara V, Coughlin, Patrick A, Cruzado, Laura Fernández-Gomez, Davidson, Brian R, Davies, Richard J, Davies, Emma J, Davis, Niall F, Dawson, Brett E, Dean, Benjamin JF, Delgado, Maria Garcia-Conde, Diaz, Jose J, Dickson, Kathryn E, Diez-Alonso, Manuel M, Dixon, Jan R, Doe, Matthew J, Drake, Thomas D, Drake, Frederick T, Duffy, John P, Dunne, Declan FJ, Dunne, Naomi JM, Durán-Muñoz-Cruzado, Virginia M, Durst, Alexander ZE, Eardley, Nicola J, Edwards, John G, Elfallal, Ahmed H, Elfiky, Mahmoud MA, Elliott, Jessie A, Emile, Sameh H, Emslie, Katy M, Endorf, Frederick W, Engel, Jamie L, Enjuto, Diego T, Etchill, Eric W, Evans, Jonathan P, Fahey, Brian A, Faria, Carlos S, Feo, Carlo V, Ferguson, Henry JM, Fernandez, Beatriz Dieguez, Fernandez, Andres Garcia, Fernández, Antonio J, Fernández-Pacheco, Borja Camacho, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Fonsi, Giovanni B, Font, Roser Farré, Fowler, Amy L, Fretwell, Kenneth R, Fructuoso, Lorena Sanchon, Fusai, Giuseppe K, Garcia, Miguel Hernandez, Garcia-Ureña, Miguel Angel, Gill, Charn K, Gisbertz, Suzanne S, Del Giudice, Roberto, Giuffrida, Maria Carmela, Di Giuseppe, Matteo, Gómez, María Fanjul, Guariglia, Claudio A, Hainsworth, Alison J, Hall, Bria J, Hall, James RW, Hammond, John S, Haqqani, Maha H, Harrison, Ewen M, Hazelton, Joshua P, van Heinsbergen, Maarten, Hill, Arnold DK, Hing, Caroline B, Hirji, Sameer A, Ho, Michael WS, Holbrook, Charlotte M, Holme, Thomas J, Hopkins, James C, Hopkinson, David N, Hossain, Fahad S, Hudson, Victoria E, Hughes, Jane L, Hwang, E. Shelley, Ibrahim, Mohamed AH, Isolani, Simone M, Jenkinson, Michael D, Jenny, Hillary E, Jeyaretna, Deva S, Jones, Robert P, Jones, Andrew P, Jonker, Pascal KC, Jönsson, Maria L, Joyce, Doireann P, Kalkwarf, Kyle J, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, El Kassas, Mohamed, Kavanagh, Dara O, Keatley, James M, Khalefa, Mohamed A, Khan, Jim S, Kirmani, Bilal H, Kisiel, Aaron P, Kouris, Spyros Marinos, Kowal, Mikolaj R, Labib, Peter L, Larkin, John O, Lauscher, Johannes C, Leclercq, Wouter KG, Ledesma, Frances SJ, Leite-Moreira, André M, Leung, Elaine YL, Lewis, Sophia E, Lima, Maria João, Lin, Daniel J, Liu, Helen H, Lowery, Aoife J, Lozano, Saida Martel, Luney, Catriona R, Maia, Mariana Magalhães, Mariani, Nicolò M, Marino, Marco V, Marra, Angelo A, Marsh, Christopher L, Martin, Robert CG, McCluney, Simon J, McIntyre, Robert C, Mckay, Siobhan C, McKevitt, Kevin L, Meagher, Ashley D, Mehdi, Mohammad Q, Mehigan, Brian J, Gonzalez-De Miguel, Melania, De Miguel-Ardevines, Maria-Carmen, Mills, Sarah J, Mohan, Helen M, Moir, John AG, Monson, John RT, Monteiro, Joana M, Montella, Maria T, Montesinos, Cristina Soto, Morgom, Marwa M, Moura, Francisco S, Muguerza, Jose M, Murphy, Suzanne H, De Nardi, Paola, Naumann, David N, Neary, Paul C, Neely, David TA, Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S, Ngu, Albert WT, Nguyen, Truong A, Nita, George E, Nunes, Quentin M, Nygaard, Rachel M, O'Meara, Lindsay B, O'Neill, John R, Okafor, Barbara U, Olson, Steven A, Oo, Aung Y, Ormazabal, Pablo Collera, Osorio, Alexander L, Pachl, Max J, Parry, James T, Patel, Panna K, Pérez-Sánchez, Luis E, Pevidal, Ana Nogues, Pezzuto, Anna P, Philp, Matthew M, Pinkney, Thomas D, Pollok, Joerg M, Povey, Meical G, Poza, Alfredo Alonso, Rajgor, Amarkumar D, Rao, Jagan N, Raptis, Dimitri A, Rice, Henry E, Ridgway, Paul F, Rivas, Ana Munoz, Rodriguez-Sanjuan, Juan C, Rogers, Luke J, Da Roit, Anna, Rollett, Rebecca A, Romera, Jose L, Rooney, Siobhan M, Roxo, Vanessa I, Le Roy, Bertrand, Rubio, Eduardo E, Ruiz, Carolina Castro, Ruiz, Manuel Losada, Ryan, Éanna J, Saad, Abdel Rahman, Saeed, Samerah A, Salama, Hiba A, Salamah, Abdulrauf A, Sampietro, Gianluca M, Sarma, Diwakar R, Schaffer, Kathryn B, Schnitzbauer, Andreas A, Scurrah, Rachel J, Serevina, Olivia L, Serralheiro, Pedro A, Sewards, Joseph M, Shackcloth, Michael J, Shaw, Abigail V, Sheel, Andrea RG, Sica, Giuseppe S, De Simone, Veronica, Singh, Aminder A, Singh, Rabindra P, Skelly, Brendan L, Smith, Henry G, Sohail, Amir H, Spalding, Duncan R, Springford, Laurie R, Ssentongo, Anna E, Steinkamp, Pieter J, Stevens, Kent A, Stewart, Grant D, Stylianides, Nicholas A, Sullivan, Tom BB, Taher, Ahmed SA, Tamimy, Muhammad S, Tang, Alethea M, Tebala, Giovanni D, Tejero-Pintor, Francisco J, Thaha, Mohamed A, Thomas, Amy J, De Toma, Giorgio, La Torre, Filippo, Torres, Antonio J, Townshend, David N, Trout, Isobel M, Tucker, Sarah C, Ubhi, Harmony K, Vega, Viviana A, Velmahos, George C, Velopulos, Catherine G, Viswanath, Yirupaiahgari KS, Vivas, Alfredo A, Wade, Ryckie G, Wadley, Martin S, Wall, Joshua JS, Walters, Andrew M, Warren, Oliver J, Weerasinghe, Chamindri K, Wilkin, Richard JW, Williams, Katherine J, Winter, Stuart C, Wormald, Justin CR, Wright, Franklin L, Xyda, Souzana E, Young, Alastair L, Youssef, Mina MG, Yousuf, Farhat B, El Youzouri, Hanan, Zappa, Marco A, Abate, Emmanuele, Abdalaziz, Hossam, Abdelkarim, Mostafa, Abdou, Hossam, Aboelkassem-Ibrahim, Ahmad, Abuown, Ala, Acebes-Garcia, Fernando, Acharya, Metesh, Adamina, Michel, Addae-Boateng, Emmanuel, Aftab, Raiyyan, Agarwal, Arnav, Aguilar, José, Ahmed, Yousra, Aitken, Emma, Al-Azzawi, Marwa, Al-Embideen, Somya, Al-Masri, Mahmoud, Al-Najjar, Hani, Al-Sukaini, Ahmad, Alam, Ruhina, Alderson, Derek, Aliyeva, Zumrud, Aljanadi, Firas, Almasri, Murad, Alonso-Ortuño, Paula, Altintoprak, Fatih, Amira, Gamal, Amjad, Rabbia, Anania, Gabriele, Andabaka, Tatjana, Angelou, Dimitrios, Annamalai, Seethalakshmi, Annessi, Valerio, Anthoney, James, Anwar, Sibtain, Anwer, Mariyah, Aragon-Chamizo, Juan, Ardito, Antonella, Arigoni, Michele, Armao, Teodora, Arminio, Armando, Armstrong, Lara, Arnaud, Alexis, Asaad, Peter, Ashcroft, James, Ashmore, Christopher, Asqalan, Ahmad, Asti, Emanuele, Aubry, Emmanuelle, Aytac, Erman, Ayuso-Herrera, Esther, Baeza, Melody, Bailon-Cuadrado, Martin, Bakmaz, Bernarda, Baldi, Caterina, Baldini, Edoardo, Baldo, Stefano, Ballabio, Michele, Baloyiannis, Ioannis, Baltazar, Gerard, Bàmbina, Fabrizio, Bandiera, Alessandro, Barlow, Emma, Barmasse, Roberto, Barmpagianni, Christina, Baronio, Gianluca, Barra, Fabio, Bartsch, Anne-Marie, Basgaran, Amedra, Basha, Amr, Bashkirova, Varvara, Bastazza, Marco, Baumber, Rachel, Belcher, Elizabeth, Belvedere, Angela, Benítez-Linero, Inmaculada, Bergeat, Damien, Bernasconi, Matteo, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutiani, Neal, Bianco, Federica, Bisagni, Pietro, Blake, Iain, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Blazquez-Martin, Alma, Boal, Matthew, Bonavina, Luigi, Bonavina, Giulia, Bond-Smith, Giles, Booth, Karen, Borges, Filipe, Borghi, Felice, Bouchagier, Konstantinos, Bourke, Grainne, Boyle, Emily, Brachini, Gioia, Brain, Jessie, Brar, Amanpreet, Breckles, Lisa, Bretagnol, Frédéric, Brixton, Genevieve, Bruzzaniti, Placido, Bueser, Teofila, Burnside, Nathan, Caballero, Albert, Calcerrada-Alises, Enrique, Callahan, Miriam, Camarero, Enrique, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Campanelli, Michela, Candiani, Massimo, Cantalejo-Diaz, Miguel, Cao, Han, Capelli, Patrizio, Capizzi, Vita, Carcano, Giulio, Carissimi, Francesca, Carlini, Massimo, Carlucci, Michele, Carmichael, Heather, Carrasco, Milagros, Carrillo, Mariana, Carvello, Michele, Casati, Massimiliano, Castoro, Carlo, Catalan, Vanesa, Cavaleiro, Salomé, Cellerino, Paola, Centinaio, Giovanna, Cernei, Cristina, Cerro, Cristina, Cervellera, Maurizio, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Chamberlain, Stephanie, Chan, Jeffrey, Chang, Grace, Chaudhry, Dauod, Chebaro, Alexandre, Chen, David, Chetty, Govind, Chia, Zoe, Chiappini, Ambra, Chiarugi, Massimo, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chiozza, Matteo, Cholewa, Hanna, Chong, Clara, Choolani-Bhojwani, Ekta, Christoforidis, Dimitri, Chui, Karen, Chung, Choyin, Cirillo, Bruno, Citterio, Davide, Clermidi, Pauline, Coccolini, Federico, Colletti, Gaia, Compagnoni, Bruno, Concepción-Martín, Vanesa, Confalonieri, Marco, Connolly, Hannah, Conso, Christel, Conti, Luigi, Cooper, Zara, Cordera, Fernando, Corral, Javier, Costa, Marta, Costanzi, Andrea, Cotsoglou, Christian, Cozza, Valerio, Cuming, Tamzin, Curtis, Miles, Cuschieri, Joseph, D'Agruma, Michele, D'Andrea, Giancarlo, Daliya, Prita, Dare, Oliver, Darko, Ebenezer, Day, Andrew, Dehal, Ahmed, Dehart, Dustin, Delgado-Oliver, Eduardo, Denning, Max, Desai, Anant, Desender, Liesbeth, Dester, Sara, Díaz-García, Alberto, Diaz-Peña, Patricia, Dousset, Bertrand, Doussot, Alexandre, Duchateau, Nicolas, Duff, Sarah, Dunning, Joel, Duque-Mallen, Victoria, Dziakova, Jana, Egan, Bridget, Egan, Richard, El-Ali, Abess, Elfeki, Hossam, Elhadi, Muhammed, Eljareh, Mohammed, Elkady, Ramy, Elkhafeefi, Fatimah, Elmore, Ugo, Elmoslemany, Tarek, Emmerson, Oliver, Enemosah, Ibrahim, English, Camilla, English, William, Escartin, Jorge, Estaire-Gomez, Mercedes, Evans, Luke, Evans, Jessica, Exley, Rebecca, Fabbri, Nicoló, Falco, Giuseppe, Familiari, Pietro, Fancellu, Alessandro, Farik, Shebani, Farrell, Tony, Fehervari, Matyas, Fell, Adam, Fernandez-Camuñas, Angel, Fernández-Marín, Reyes, Fernández-Martínez, María, Ferrara, Francesco, Ferrari, Guglielmo, Ferrero, Simone, Findlay, Laura, Fiore, Marco, Fiori, Enrico, Flatman, Michael, Flindall, Ian, Flor, Blas, Fontana, Tommaso, Ford, Samuel, Ford, David, Forlani, Stefano, Francone, Elisa, Frattaruolo, Colomba, Frio, Federico, Gagliano, Annalisa, Gagliardi, Filippo, Gahunia, Sukhpreet, Gaino, Francesca, Gala, Tanzeela, Galfrascoli, Elisa, Galimberti, Luca, Gallagher, Phoebe, Galleano, Raffaele, Galván-Pérez, Armando, Gammeri, Emanuele, Ganau, Mario, Garcés-García, Raúl, Garulli, Gianluca, Gascon-Ferrer, Isabel, Gattolin, Andrea, Gaujoux, Sebastien, Gentilli, Sergio, Georgiades, Fanourios, Ghanbari, Amir, Ghosh, Dhruv, Giacometti, Marco, Giblin, Anna-Victoria, Gilbert, Catherine, Giménez, Clara, Giorgakis, Emmanouil, Gipponi, Manuel, Glen, Paul, Goatly, Giles, Gobatti, Davide, Godbole, Chintamani, Gohil, Kajal, Gómez, Marcos, Gomez-Rosado, Juan-Carlos, Gonullu, Emre, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Gordini, Luca, Gracia, Isabel, Gracia-Roche, Carlos, Granieri, Stefano, Green, Susanna, Grivon, Manuela, Grove, Thomas, Guaglio, Marcello, Guaitoli, Eleonora, Guglielmi, Alfredo, Guha, Soumya, Gustavino, Claudio, Habeeb, Amir, Hagger, Robert, Hakmi, Hazim, Halkias, Constantine, Hall, Claire, Hampton, Matthew, Handa, Siddhartha, Hansen, Laura, Haq, Iram, Harky, Amer, Harries, Rhiannon, Harrison, Joseph, Hasan, Raashad, Hawari, Mohammad, Hawkin, Paul, Hebblethwaite, Bethany, Henriques, Susana, Heritage, Emily, Hernandez-Juara, Pilar, Herrero-Lopez, Maria, Hervieux, Erik, Heyd, Bruno, Higgs, Simon, Hitchman, Louise, Ho, Beatrice, Hogan, Aisling, Hölzle, Frank, Hossain, Tanvir, Hurt, Libor, Hutchinson, Peter, Iacob, Giulio, Iannone, Immacolata, Ibrahim, Sherif, Iovino, Domenico, Isik, Arda, Jafarova, Sevda, Jamil, Tahir, Jayaraju, Ullas, Jenner, Edward, Jimenez-Higuera, Elisa, Jimeno, Jaime, Jones, Mark, Judkins, Nicholas, Kalavrezos, Nicholas, Kalidindi, Venugopala, Kalkat, Maninder, Kamal, Mona, Kamphues, Carsten, Kang, Chong, Kara, Yasin, Karam, Edward, Karim, Ahmed, Kashora, Florence, Kearney, David, Khajuria, Apoorva, Khan, Umul, Khan, Azam, Khatri, Chetan, Kinnaman, Gabriel, Kinross, James, Kler, Aaron, Klimopoulos, Serafeim, Kocataş, Ali, Kolias, Angelos, Königsrainer, Alfred, Konsten, Joop, Kontovounisios, Christos, Kourdouli, Amar, Krishnan, Emily, Kristinsson, Sverrir, Kruijff, Schelto, Kudsk-Iversen, Søren, Kufeji, Dorothy, Kugler, Nadav, Kulkarni, Rugved, Kurihara, Hayato, Laface, Letizia, Lakkis, Zaher, Lami, Mariam, Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor, Lapolla, Pierfrancesco, Lawani, Ismail, Lawday, Samuel, Lázaro, André, Lecolle, Katia, Leventoglu, Sezai, Li, Zoe, Liew, Ignatius, Lisi, Giorgio, Lizzi, Vincenzo, Lo, Terence, Lomiento, Daniele, Longhi, Marco, Lostis, Emilie, Lostoridis, Eftychios, Loubani, Mahmoud, Lowy-Benoliel, Alejandro, Lucianetti, Alessandro, Luke, Louis, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Luraghi, Marco, Lye, George, Mabrouk, Islam, Macchi, Alberto, MacDonald, Luisa, Machairas, Nikolaos, Madonini, Marco, Magowan, Drew, Maisonneuve, Emeline, Majkowska, Agata, Majkowski, Lawrence, Mak, Jason, Malabarba, Stefano, Malerba, Michele, Mannan, Syed, Manson, Joanna, Mansuri, Ahmer, Mantoglu, Baris, Manu, Nichola, Maqsood, Afnan, Marano, Alessandra, Marchbank, Adrian, Marcos-Santos, Pablo, Marrano, Enrico, Martin, Janet, Martin, Emmeline, Martin, Guy, Martin-Albo, Lorena, Martín-Román, Lorena, Martinelli, Fabio, Martínez-dePaz, Fernando, Martinez-German, Antonio, Martinez-Pinedo, Carlos, Martins, Ricardo, Marwan, Hisham, Marzi, Federica, Mathieu, Pierre, Matute-Najarro, Maria-Soledad, Maw, Andrew, Mazingi, Dennis, Mazzaferro, Vincenzo, McCanny, Andrew, McKenzie, Katherine, McLarty, Nicola, McPherson, Iain, Medina, Esther, Mediratta, Saniya, Medone, Marzia, Mehra, Gautam, Mele, Simone, Melero-Cortés, Lidia, Mendoza-Moreno, Fernando, Meneghini, Simona, Mercante, Giuseppe, Merdrignac, Aude, Merola, Stephen, Metallidis, Symeon, Michel, Martin, Migliore, Marco, Mihanovic, Jakov, Miller, Douglas, Mingoli, Andrea, Minto, Gary, Mirabella, Antonello, Misra, Nikhil, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Miu, Victor, Moawad, Nader, Mochet, Sylvie, Modabber, Ali, Mohammad, Adam, Mohan, Midhun, Moliner-Sánchez, Carmen, Mongelli, Francesco, Monteleone, Michela, Montuori, Mauro, Moore, Rachel, Mora-Guzmán, Ismael, Morales, Xavier, Morales, Dieter, Morelli, Luca, Morelli, Lucia, Morgan, Richard, Morris, Chris, Mortini, Pietro, Mosca, Angelo, Motter, Dema, Moug, Susan, Mukherjee, Samrat, Najdy, Manhal, Nakas, Apostolos, Namazov, Ilgar, Naredla, Pradyumna, Nasef, Emmhamed, Nassa, Heeam, Nath, Rahul, Navarro-Sánchez, Antonio, Nazarian, Scarlet, Negri, Giampiero, Nehra, Deepika, Neil-Dwyer, Jason, Neri, Jacopo, Newton, Katy, Nikaj, Herald, Niquen, Milagros, Nobile, Sara, Nogueiro, Jorge, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Nugent, Michael, Núñez, Jordi, Ocaña, Juan, Okechukwu, Valentine, Oliva-Mompean, Fernando, Oliveira, Ana, Ollat, Didier, Onos, Lavinia, Osagie-Clouard, Liza, Osman, Khabab, Ottolina, Jessica, Ourieff, Jared, Outani, Oumaima, Oyewole, Bankole, Ozben, Volkan, Pacheco-Sanchez, David, Padilla-Valverde, David, Pai, Madhava, Paiella, Salvatore, Paisley, Samuel, Palini, Gianmarco, Palmeri, Matteo, Panahi, Pedram, Parente, Alessandro, Parlanti, Daniele, Parmar, Chetan, Pascual, Angela, Patel, Mahul, Pathak, Abhijit, Patil, Sangram, Pattyn, Piet, Peckham-Cooper, Adam, Pedrazzani, Corrado, Pellino, Gianluca, Peluso, Chiara, Pereira, André, Pereira-Neves, António, Perez-Diaz, MD, Pérez-González, Marta, Pérez-Saborido, Baltasar, Perivoliotis, Konstantinos, Perkins, Clare, Peros, Georgios, Perotto, Ornella, Perra, Teresa, Petrone, Patrizio, Phenix, George, Picazo, Sara, Picon-Rodriguez, Rafael, Piloni, Martina, Pingarrón-Martín, Lorena, Pinotti, Enrico, Pisanu, Adolfo, Pizzini, Paolo, Pockney, Peter, Podda, Mauro, Podolsky, Dina, Poggioli, Gilberto, Pompili, Cecilia, Pontari, Michael, Porcu, Alberto, Potter, Ryan, Price, Claire, Pruvot, François-René, Pujol-Muncunill, Roger, Puppo, Andrea, Quante, Markus, Quintana-Villamandos, Begoña, Qureshi, Ali, Radenkovic, Dejan, Rakvin, Ivan, Ramallo-Solís, Irene, Ramcharan, Sean, Ramos, Diego, Ramos-Bonilla, Antonio, Ramzi, Joussi, Rathinam, Sridhar, Rausa, Emanuele, Ravaioli, Matteo, Ravindran, Sharanya, Raymond, Thomas, Razik, Aisha, Redfern, Jennifer, Reguera-Rosal, Julio, Rela, Mariam, Rey-Biel, Juan, Rey-Valcarcel, Cristina, Ribolla, Marta, Richards, Tomos, Richmond, Michael, Righini, Erminio, Rio-Gomez, Javier, Riyat, Harjoat, Rizvi, Sana, Roberts, Keith, Roberts, Matthew, Robertson, Stuart, Robertson, Ronald, Robin-Valle, Alvaro, Rochon, Melissa, Rojo, Mikel, Rolli, Luigi, Romano, Silvio, Ross, Elizabeth, Ross, Howard, Rossborough, Catherine, Rottoli, Matteo, Ruiz-Grande, Fernando, Ruiz-Martin, Irene, Ruiz-Soriano, María, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Ryska, Ondrej, Saez, Carlos, Sagnotta, Andrea, Sahnan, Kapil, Sahni, Arun, Salim, Ali, Sallam, Ibrahim, Salvia, Roberto, Samadov, Elgun, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sampaio-Alves, Mafalda, Sánchez-Arteaga, Alejandro, Sanchez-Fuentes, Maria-Nieves, Sanchez-Pelaez, Daniel, Sanchez-Perez, Coral, Sanchez-Rubio, Maria, Sancho-Muriel, Jorge, Sanders, Julie, Santero-Ramirez, Maria-Pilar, Santora, Thomas, Santoro, Antonio, Santos, Irene, Santos-Sousa, Hugo, Sapienza, Paolo, Sartarelli, Lodovico, Sarveswaran, Janahan, Sasia, Diego, Saudemont, Alain, Saudi-Moro, Sef, Saxena, Shobhit, Saxena, Dolly, Sayasneh, Ahmad, Scalabre, Aurelien, Schache, Andrew, Schiavina, Riccardo, Schineis, Christian, Schreckenbach, Teresa, Scorza, Antonella, Scott, Lucy, Seegert, Sara, Seguin-Givelet, Agathe, Senent-Boza, Ana, Seymour, Keith, Shabana, Amanda, Shah, Karishma, Shah, Jigar, Shah, Preena, Shah, Sujay, Shakir, Taner, Shalaby, Mostafa, Shankar, Sushma, Shaw, Richard, Shehata, Sameh, Shenfine, Amy, Sheridan, Kelda, Sherief, Ahmed, Sherief, Mohamed, Sherif, Mohamed, Shinkwin, Michael, Shu, Sebastian, Siaw-Acheampong, Kwabena, Sileri, Pierpaolo, Singh, Abhinav, Singh, Shailendra, Sinha, Sanjay, Sinha, Deepti, Siragusa, Leandro, Sivaprakasam, Rajesh, Sivayoganathan, Sriharan, Smillie, Robert, Smith, Claire, Smith, Andrew, Smith, Christopher, Sochorova, Dana, Soggiu, Fiammetta, Sohrabi, Catrin, Solari, Francesca, Solli, Piergiorgio, Soreide, Kjetil, Spinelli, Antonino, Spoletini, Domenico, Spriano, Giuseppe, Sravanam, Sanskrithi, Ssentongo, Paddy, Stanger, Sophie, Stavroulias, Dionisios, Steel, Ben, Stella, Marco, Stewart, Robbie, Stringer, Sally, Sulen, Nina, Sundar, Sudha, Sundhu, Matthew, Suri, Avni, Syed, Arooj, Szatmary, Peter, Tabiri, Stephen, Tadross, Daniel, Taglietti, Lucio, Tansey, Rosamond, Tartaglia, Dario, Tawheed, Ahmed, Tayeh, Salim, Teles, Tobias, Testa, Valentina, Tewari, Nilanjana, Thoenissen, Philipp, Thomas, Kane, Thomin, Anne, Thrush, Jessica, Tierney, Sean, Tiwari, Abhinav, Toh, Simon, Toledo, Enrique, Tonini, Valeria, Torkington, Jared, Torquati, Alfonso, Torzilli, Guido, Totty, Joshua, Tourountzi, Paraskevi, Tousidonis, Manuel, Townend, Philip, Townsend, Catherine, Trompeter, Alex, Trotta, Francesco, Truant, Stéphanie, Trujillo-Díaz, Jeancarlos, Tsoulfas, Georgios, Turco, Celia, Turrado-Rodriguez, Victor, Turri, Giulia, Tustin, Harry, Tyler, Jayne, Tzedakis, Stylianos, Tzovaras, George, Uittenbogaart, Martine, Ullah, Ramzan, Urban, Shane, Urbani, Alessia, Usai, Antonella, Vaccarella, Gianpaolo, Valdes-Hernandez, Javier, Valsecchi, Luca, Vashisht, Rajiv, Vázquez-Fernández, Andrea, Venn, Mary, Vera-Mansilla, Cristina, Vergari, Roberto, Vescio, Giuseppina, Vidya, Raghavan, Vieira, Paula, Vijay, Vardhini, Vimalachandran, Dale, Violante, Tommaso, Volpe, Anita, Vovola, Fernanda, Vulliamy, Paul, Wall, Rosemary, Wallwork, Kate, Ward, Alex, Warwick, David, Waseem, Saima, Weaver, Helen, Wells, Fiona, Wen, Jiaxin, West, Raha, Whitehall, Emma, Wild, Laura, Wilkins, Alex, Williams, Gethin, Williams, Matthew, Winnand, Philipp, Wong, Ken, Worku, Dawit, Wright, Naomi, Yalamanchili, Seema, Yershov, Danylo, Yildiz, Alp, Young, Richard, Yurttas, Can, Zadegan, Frederic, Zafar, Noman, Zakaria, Rasheed, Zambon, Martina, Zanini, Nicola, Zarate, Alba, Zerbib, Philippe, Zizzo, Maurizio, Zmora, Oded, Zonta, Sandro, van Berge Henegouwen, Mark I, van der Plas, Willemijn Y, Ali, Inthekab Ali Mohamed, Bakri, Nur Amalina Che, Bauset, Juan Carlos Catalá, Abou Chaar, Mohamad K, Marino Cosentino, Luigi MP, Gómez Díaz, Carlos J, Garcia Galocha, Jose L, de Gheldere, Charles, Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Mendonça, Beltrán de Heredia, Juan, Blazer III, Dan G, Nugent III, William C, Ali karar, Ali A, Borja De Lacy, F, Blas Laina, Juan luis, Shane Lester, Madan Jha, Liyanage, Aloka S D, Al Maadany, Faraj S, De Marchi, Joshua A, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Mithany, Reda H M, Sanchez del Pueblo, Cristina, van Ramshorst, Gabriëlle, De Salas, Maria Marqueta, De Souza, Anthony C, Dolores Del Toro, M, Archer, James E, Odeh, Abdulrahman, Erridge, Simon, Salem, Hosni Khairy, Jones, Gareth P, Gardner, Anne, Tripathi, Shiva S, Gregg, Anne, Jeganathan, Reuben, Siddique, Muhammad Harris, Lombardi, Celestino P, Martin, Benjamin, Leo, Cosimo Alex, Dass, Debashis, Di Franco, Gregorio, Jiao, Long R, Mari, Giulio Maria, Capitan-Morales, Luis-Cristobal, Connelly, Tara M, Alanbuki, Ammar, De Virgilio, Armando, Schilling, Clare, San Miguel Mendez, Carlos, Kulkarni, Gauri, Nizami, Kulsoom, Walsh, Stewart, Dean, Harry, Ruiz-Marin, Miguel, Houston, Rory, Trompetto, Mario, Chrastek, David, Kouritas, Vasileios, Cannoletta, Maria, Rosato, Francesco, Kaushal, Manish V, Costa, Paulo Matos, Elkadi, Hannah H, Johnstone, Jack R, Irvine, Esmee, Alvarez, Maria R, Corbellini, Carlo, Venkatesan, Gowtham S, Mateo-Sierra, Olga, Martínez-Pérez, Carolina, Serrano González, Javier, Hernández Bartolomé, Miguel Ángel, Díaz Pérez, David, Gutiérrez Samaniego, María, Galindo Jara, Pablo, Sharma, Neil, Smart, Neil J, Keller, Deborah S, COVIDsurg Collaborative, [missing], Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Glasbey, James C, Li, Elizabeth, Omar, Omar M, Simoes, Joana FF, Abbott, Tom EF, Alser, Osaid, Arnaud, Alexis P, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K, Breen, Kerry A, Cunha, Miguel F, Davidson, Giana H, Di Saverio, Salomone, Gallo, Gaetano, Griffiths, Ewen A, Gujjuri, Rohan R, Hutchinson, Peter J, Kaafarani, Haytham MA, Lederhuber, Han, Löffler, Markus W, Mashbari, Hassan N, Minaya-Bravo, Ana, Morton, Dion G, Moszkowicz, David, Pata, Francesco, Tsoulfas, George, Venn, Mary L, Bhangu, Aneel, Cox, Daniel, Roslani, April C, Alakaloko, Felix, de Vries, Jean-Paul PM, Aaraj, Mahmoud A, Abbott, Sarah J, Abdalla, Mutwakil OM, Abdelaal, Ahmed S, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Aherne, Thomas M, Ali, Osman M, 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Matthew HV, Cagigal-Ortega, Elima P, Callcut, Rachael A, DI Candido, Francesca, Canova, Michaela E, Carlos, William J, Caruana, Edward J, Cato, Liam D, Catton, Andrew B, Ceretti, Andrea Pisani, Chase, Thomas JG, Chiara, Francesco Di, Chowdhury, Abeed H, Chung, Eric A, Cicerchia, Pierfranco M, Clough, Ethan CS, Coleman, Natasha L, Collins, Chris G, Collins, Michelle L, Colonna, Emily T, Comini, Lara V, Connolly, Tara M, Coughlin, Patrick A, Cruzado, Laura Fernández-Gomez, Davidson, Brian R, Davies, Richard J, Davies, Emma J, Davis, Niall F, Dawson, Brett E, Dean, Benjamin JF, Delgado, Maria Garcia-Conde, Diaz, Jose J, Dickson, Kathryn E, Diez-Alonso, Manuel M, Dixon, Jan R, Doe, Matthew J, Drake, Thomas D, Drake, Frederick T, Duffy, John P, Dunne, Declan FJ, Dunne, Naomi JM, Durán-Muñoz-Cruzado, Virginia M, Durst, Alexander ZE, Eardley, Nicola J, Edwards, John G, Elfallal, Ahmed H, Elfiky, Mahmoud MA, Elliott, Jessie A, Emile, Sameh H, Emslie, Katy M, Endorf, Frederick W, Engel, Jamie L, Enjuto, Diego T, Etchill, Eric W, Evans, Jonathan P, Fahey, Brian A, Faria, Carlos S, Feo, Carlo V, Ferguson, Henry JM, Fernandez, Beatriz Dieguez, Fernandez, Andres Garcia, Fernández, Antonio J, Fernández-Pacheco, Borja Camacho, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Fonsi, Giovanni B, Font, Roser Farré, Fowler, Amy L, Franco, Gregorio Di, Fretwell, Kenneth R, Fructuoso, Lorena Sanchon, Fusai, Giuseppe K, Garcia, Miguel Hernandez, Garcia-Ureña, Miguel Angel, Gill, Charn K, Gisbertz, Suzanne S, Del Giudice, Roberto, Giuffrida, Maria Carmela, Di Giuseppe, Matteo, Gómez, María Fanjul, González, Javier Serrano, Guariglia, Claudio A, Hainsworth, Alison J, Hall, Bria J, Hall, James RW, Hammond, John S, Haqqani, Maha H, Harrison, Ewen M, Hazelton, Joshua P, van Heinsbergen, Maarten, Hill, Arnold DK, Hing, Caroline B, Hirji, Sameer A, Ho, Michael WS, Holbrook, Charlotte M, Holme, Thomas J, Hopkins, James C, Hopkinson, David N, Hossain, Fahad S, Hudson, Victoria E, Hughes, Jane L, Hwang, E. Shelley, Ibrahim, Mohamed AH, Isolani, Simone M, Jara, Pablo Galindo, Jenkinson, Michael D, Jenny, Hillary E, Jeyaretna, Deva S, Jones, Robert P, Jones, Andrew P, Jonker, Pascal KC, Jönsson, Maria L, Joyce, Doireann P, Kalkwarf, Kyle J, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, El Kassas, Mohamed, Kavanagh, Dara O, Keatley, James M, Khalefa, Mohamed A, Khan, Jim S, Kirmani, Bilal H, Kisiel, Aaron P, Kouris, Spyros Marino, Kowal, Mikolaj R, Labib, Peter L, Larkin, John O, Lauscher, Johannes C, Leclercq, Wouter KG, Ledesma, Frances SJ, Leite-Moreira, André M, Leung, Elaine YL, Lewis, Sophia E, Lima, Maria João, Lin, Daniel J, Liu, Helen H, Lowery, Aoife J, Lozano, Saida Martel, Luney, Catriona R, Maia, Mariana Magalhãe, Mariani, Nicolò M, Marino, Marco V, Marra, Angelo A, Marsh, Christopher L, Martin, Robert CG, Mccluney, Simon J, Mcintyre, Robert C, Mckay, Siobhan C, Mckevitt, Kevin L, Meagher, Ashley D, Mehdi, Mohammad Q, Mehigan, Brian J, Gonzalez-De Miguel, Melania, De Miguel-Ardevines, Maria-Carmen, Miguel-Mendez, Carlos San, Mills, Sarah J, Mohan, Helen M, Moir, John AG, Monson, John RT, Monteiro, Joana M, Montella, Maria T, Montesinos, Cristina Soto, Morgom, Marwa M, Moura, Francisco S, Muguerza, Jose M, Murphy, Suzanne H, De Nardi, Paola, Naumann, David N, Neary, Paul C, Neely, David TA, Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S, Ngu, Albert WT, Nguyen, Truong A, Nita, George E, Nunes, Quentin M, Nygaard, Rachel M, O'Meara, Lindsay B, O'Neill, John R, Okafor, Barbara U, Olson, Steven A, Oo, Aung Y, Ormazabal, Pablo Collera, Osorio, Alexander L, Pachl, Max J, Parry, James T, Patel, Panna K, Pérez, David Díaz, Pérez, Carolina Martínez, Pérez-Sánchez, Luis E, Pevidal, Ana Nogue, Pezzuto, Anna P, Philp, Matthew M, Pinkney, Thomas D, Pollok, Joerg M, Povey, Meical G, Poza, Alfredo Alonso, Rajgor, Amarkumar D, Rao, Jagan N, Raptis, Dimitri A, Rice, Henry E, Ridgway, Paul F, Rivas, Ana Munoz, Rodriguez-Sanjuan, Juan C, Rogers, Luke J, Da Roit, Anna, Rollett, Rebecca A, Romera, Jose L, Rooney, Siobhan M, Roxo, Vanessa I, Le Roy, Bertrand, Rubio, Eduardo E, Ruiz, Carolina Castro, Ruiz, Manuel Losada, Ryan, Éanna J, Saad, Abdel Rahman, Saeed, Samerah A, Salama, Hiba A, Salamah, Abdulrauf A, Samaniego, María Gutiérrez, Sampietro, Gianluca M, Sarma, Diwakar R, Schaffer, Kathryn B, Schnitzbauer, Andreas A, Scurrah, Rachel J, Serevina, Olivia L, Serralheiro, Pedro A, Sewards, Joseph M, Shackcloth, Michael J, Shaw, Abigail V, Sheel, Andrea RG, Sica, Giuseppe S, De Simone, Veronica, Singh, Aminder A, Singh, Rabindra P, Skelly, Brendan L, Smith, Henry G, Sohail, Amir H, Spalding, Duncan R, Springford, Laurie R, Ssentongo, Anna E, Steinkamp, Pieter J, Stevens, Kent A, Stewart, Grant D, Stylianides, Nicholas A, Sullivan, Tom BB, Taher, Ahmed SA, Tamimy, Muhammad S, Tang, Alethea M, Tebala, Giovanni D, Tejero-Pintor, Francisco J, Thaha, Mohamed A, Thomas, Amy J, De Toma, Giorgio, La Torre, Filippo, Torres, Antonio J, Townshend, David N, Trout, Isobel M, Tucker, Sarah C, Ubhi, Harmony K, Vega, 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Annamalai, Seethalakshmi, Annessi, Valerio, Anthoney, Jame, Anwar, Sibtain, Anwer, Mariyah, Aragon-Chamizo, Juan, Ardito, Antonella, Arigoni, Michele, Armao, Teodora, Arminio, Armando, Armstrong, Lara, Arnaud, Alexi, Asaad, Peter, Ashcroft, Jame, Ashmore, Christopher, Asqalan, Ahmad, Asti, Emanuele, Aubry, Emmanuelle, Aytac, Erman, Ayuso-Herrera, Esther, Baeza, Melody, Bailon-Cuadrado, Martin, Bakmaz, Bernarda, Baldi, Caterina, Baldini, Edoardo, Baldo, Stefano, Ballabio, Michele, Baloyiannis, Ioanni, Baltazar, Gerard, Bàmbina, Fabrizio, Bandiera, Alessandro, Barlow, Emma, Barmasse, Roberto, Barmpagianni, Christina, Baronio, Gianluca, Barra, Fabio, Bartsch, Anne-Marie, Basgaran, Amedra, Basha, Amr, Bashkirova, Varvara, Bastazza, Marco, Baumber, Rachel, Belcher, Elizabeth, Belvedere, Angela, Benítez-Linero, Inmaculada, Bergeat, Damien, Bernasconi, Matteo, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutiani, Neal, Bianco, Federica, Bisagni, Pietro, Blake, Iain, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Blazquez-Martin, Alma, Boal, Matthew, Bonavina, Luigi, Bonavina, Giulia, Bond-Smith, Gile, Booth, Karen, Borges, Filipe, Borghi, Felice, Bouchagier, Konstantino, Bourke, Grainne, Boyle, Emily, Brachini, Gioia, Brain, Jessie, Brar, Amanpreet, Breckles, Lisa, Bretagnol, Frédéric, Brixton, Genevieve, Bruzzaniti, Placido, Bueser, Teofila, Burnside, Nathan, Caballero, Albert, Calcerrada-Alises, Enrique, Callahan, Miriam, Camarero, Enrique, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Campanelli, Michela, Candiani, Massimo, Cannoletta, Marina, Cantalejo-Diaz, Miguel, Cao, Han, Capelli, Patrizio, Capizzi, Vita, Carcano, Giulio, Carissimi, Francesca, Carlini, Massimo, Carlucci, Michele, Carmichael, Heather, Carrasco, Milagro, Carrillo, Mariana, Carvello, Michele, Casati, Massimiliano, Castoro, Carlo, Catalan, Vanesa, Cavaleiro, Salomé, Cellerino, Paola, Centinaio, Giovanna, Cernei, Cristina, Cerro, Cristina, Cervellera, Maurizio, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Chamberlain, Stephanie, Chan, Jeffrey, Chang, Grace, Chaudhry, Dauod, Chebaro, Alexandre, Chen, David, Chetty, Govind, Chia, Zoe, Chiappini, Ambra, Chiarugi, Massimo, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chiozza, Matteo, Cholewa, Hanna, Chong, Clara, Choolani-Bhojwani, Ekta, Christoforidis, Dimitri, Chui, Karen, Chung, Choyin, Cirillo, Bruno, Citterio, Davide, Clermidi, Pauline, Coccolini, Federico, Colletti, Gaia, Compagnoni, Bruno, Concepción-Martín, Vanesa, Confalonieri, Marco, Connolly, Hannah, Conso, Christel, Conti, Luigi, Cooper, Zara, Corbellin, Carlo, Cordera, Fernando, Corral, Javier, Costa, Marta, Costanzi, Andrea, Cotsoglou, Christian, Cozza, Valerio, Cuming, Tamzin, Curtis, Mile, Cuschieri, Joseph, D'Agruma, Michele, D'Andrea, Giancarlo, Daliya, Prita, Dare, Oliver, Darko, Ebenezer, Day, Andrew, Dehal, Ahmed, Dehart, Dustin, Delgado-Oliver, Eduardo, Denning, Max, Desai, Anant, Desender, Liesbeth, Dester, Sara, Díaz-García, Alberto, Diaz-Peña, Patricia, Dousset, Bertrand, Doussot, Alexandre, Duchateau, Nicola, Duff, Sarah, Dunning, Joel, Duque-Mallen, Victoria, Dziakova, Jana, Egan, Bridget, Egan, Richard, El-Ali, Abe, Elfeki, Hossam, Elhadi, Muhammed, Eljareh, Mohammed, Elkadi, Hannah, Elkady, Ramy, Elkhafeefi, Fatimah, Elmore, Ugo, Elmoslemany, Tarek, Emmerson, Oliver, Enemosah, Ibrahim, English, Camilla, English, William, Ereidge, Simon, Escartin, Jorge, Estaire-Gomez, Mercede, Evans, Luke, Evans, Jessica, Exley, Rebecca, Fabbri, Nicoló, Falco, Giuseppe, Familiari, Pietro, Fancellu, Alessandro, Farik, Shebani, Farrell, Tony, Fehervari, Matya, Fell, Adam, Fernandez-Camuñas, Angel, Fernández-Marín, Reye, Fernández-Martínez, María, Ferrara, Francesco, Ferrari, Guglielmo, Ferrero, Simone, Findlay, Laura, Fiore, Marco, Fiori, Enrico, Flatman, Michael, Flindall, Ian, Flor, Bla, Fontana, Tommaso, Ford, Samuel, Ford, David, Forlani, Stefano, Francone, Elisa, Frattaruolo, Colomba, Frio, Federico, Gagliano, Annalisa, Gagliardi, Filippo, Gahunia, Sukhpreet, Gaino, Francesca, Gala, Tanzeela, Galfrascoli, Elisa, Galimberti, Luca, Gallagher, Phoebe, Galleano, Raffaele, Galván-Pérez, Armando, Gammeri, Emanuele, Ganau, Mario, Garcés-García, Raúl, Garulli, Gianluca, Gascon-Ferrer, Isabel, Gattolin, Andrea, Gaujoux, Sebastien, Gentilli, Sergio, Georgiades, Fanourio, Ghanbari, Amir, Ghosh, Dhruv, Giacometti, Marco, Giblin, Anna-Victoria, Gilbert, Catherine, Giménez, Clara, Giorgakis, Emmanouil, Gipponi, Manuel, Glen, Paul, Goatly, Gile, Gobatti, Davide, Godbole, Chintamani, Gohil, Kajal, Gómez, Marco, Gomez-Rosado, Juan-Carlo, Gonullu, Emre, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Gordini, Luca, Gracia, Isabel, Gracia-Roche, Carlo, Granieri, Stefano, Green, Susanna, Grivon, Manuela, Grove, Thoma, Guaglio, Marcello, Guaitoli, Eleonora, Guglielmi, Alfredo, Guha, Soumya, Gustavino, Claudio, Habeeb, Amir, Hagger, Robert, Hakmi, Hazim, Halkias, Constantine, Hall, Claire, Hampton, Matthew, Handa, Siddhartha, Hansen, Laura, Haq, Iram, Harky, Amer, Harries, Rhiannon, Harrison, Joseph, Hasan, Raashad, Hawari, Mohammad, Hawkin, Paul, Hebblethwaite, Bethany, Henriques, Susana, Heritage, Emily, Hernandez-Juara, Pilar, Herrero-Lopez, Maria, Hervieux, Erik, Heyd, Bruno, Higgs, Simon, Hitchman, Louise, Ho, Beatrice, Hogan, Aisling, Hölzle, Frank, Hossain, Tanvir, Houston, Roy, Hurt, Libor, Hutchinson, Peter, Iacob, Giulio, Iannone, Immacolata, Ibrahim, Sherif, Iovino, Domenico, Isik, Arda, Jafarova, Sevda, Jamil, Tahir, Jayaraju, Ulla, Jenner, Edward, Jimenez-Higuera, Elisa, Jimeno, Jaime, Johnstone, Jack, Jones, Mark, Judkins, Nichola, Kalavrezos, Nichola, Kalidindi, Venugopala, Kalkat, Maninder, Kamal, Mona, Kamphues, Carsten, Kang, Chong, Kara, Yasin, Karam, Edward, Karim, Ahmed, Kashora, Florence, Kearney, David, Khajuria, Apoorva, Khan, Umul, Khan, Azam, Khatri, Chetan, Kinnaman, Gabriel, Kinross, Jame, Kler, Aaron, Klimopoulos, Serafeim, Kocataş, Ali, Kolias, Angelo, Königsrainer, Alfred, Konsten, Joop, Kontovounisios, Christo, Kourdouli, Amar, Krishnan, Emily, Kristinsson, Sverrir, Kruijff, Schelto, Kudsk-Iversen, Søren, Kufeji, Dorothy, Kugler, Nadav, Kulkarni, Rugved, Kurihara, Hayato, Laface, Letizia, Lakkis, Zaher, Lami, Mariam, Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor, Lapolla, Pierfrancesco, Lawani, Ismail, Lawday, Samuel, Lázaro, André, Lecolle, Katia, Leventoglu, Sezai, Li, Zoe, Liew, Ignatiu, Lisi, Giorgio, Lizzi, Vincenzo, Lo, Terence, Lomiento, Daniele, Longhi, Marco, Lostis, Emilie, Lostoridis, Eftychio, Loubani, Mahmoud, Lowy-Benoliel, Alejandro, Lucianetti, Alessandro, Luke, Loui, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Luraghi, Marco, Lye, George, Mabrouk, Islam, Macchi, Alberto, Macdonald, Luisa, Machairas, Nikolao, Madonini, Marco, Magowan, Drew, Maisonneuve, Emeline, Majkowska, Agata, Majkowski, Lawrence, Mak, Jason, Malabarba, Stefano, Malerba, Michele, Mannan, Syed, Manson, Joanna, Mansuri, Ahmer, Mantoglu, Bari, Manu, Nichola, Maqsood, Afnan, Marano, Alessandra, Marchbank, Adrian, Marcos-Santos, Pablo, Marrano, Enrico, Martin, Janet, Martin, Emmeline, Martin, Guy, Martin-Albo, Lorena, Martín-Román, Lorena, Martinelli, Fabio, Martínez-dePaz, Fernando, Martinez-German, Antonio, Martinez-Pinedo, Carlo, Martins, Ricardo, Marwan, Hisham, Marzi, Federica, Mateos-Sierra, Olga, Mathieu, Pierre, Matute-Najarro, Maria-Soledad, Maw, Andrew, Mazingi, Denni, Mazzaferro, Vincenzo, Mccanny, Andrew, Mckenzie, Katherine, Mclarty, Nicola, Mcpherson, Iain, Medina, Esther, Mediratta, Saniya, Medone, Marzia, Mehra, Gautam, Mele, Simone, Melero-Cortés, Lidia, Mendoza-Moreno, Fernando, Meneghini, Simona, Mercante, Giuseppe, Merdrignac, Aude, Merola, Stephen, Metallidis, Symeon, Michel, Martin, Migliore, Marco, Mihanovic, Jakov, Miller, Dougla, Mingoli, Andrea, Minto, Gary, Mirabella, Antonello, Misra, Nikhil, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Miu, Victor, Moawad, Nader, Mochet, Sylvie, Modabber, Ali, Mohammad, Adam, Mohan, Midhun, Moliner-Sánchez, Carmen, Mongelli, Francesco, Monteleone, Michela, Montuori, Mauro, Moore, Rachel, Mora-Guzmán, Ismael, Morales, Xavier, Morales, Dieter, Morelli, Luca, Morelli, Lucia, Morgan, Richard, Morris, Chri, Mortini, Pietro, Mosca, Angelo, Motter, Dema, Moug, Susan, Mukherjee, Samrat, Najdy, Manhal, Nakas, Apostolo, Namazov, Ilgar, Naredla, Pradyumna, Nasef, Emmhamed, Nassa, Heeam, Nath, Rahul, Navarro-Sánchez, Antonio, Nazarian, Scarlet, Negri, Giampiero, Nehra, Deepika, Neil-Dwyer, Jason, Neri, Jacopo, Newton, Katy, Nikaj, Herald, Niquen, Milagro, Nobile, Sara, Nogueiro, Jorge, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Nugent, Michael, Núñez, Jordi, Ocaña, Juan, Okechukwu, Valentine, Oliva-Mompean, Fernando, Oliveira, Ana, Ollat, Didier, Onos, Lavinia, Osagie-Clouard, Liza, Osman, Khabab, Ottolina, Jessica, Ourieff, Jared, Outani, Oumaima, Oyewole, Bankole, Ozben, Volkan, Pacheco-Sanchez, David, Padilla-Valverde, David, Pai, Madhava, Paiella, Salvatore, Paisley, Samuel, Palini, Gianmarco, Palmeri, Matteo, Panahi, Pedram, Parente, Alessandro, Parlanti, Daniele, Parmar, Chetan, Pascual, Angela, Patel, Mahul, Pathak, Abhijit, Patil, Sangram, Pattyn, Piet, Peckham-Cooper, Adam, Pedrazzani, Corrado, Pellino, Gianluca, 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Tomo, Richmond, Michael, Righini, Erminio, Rio-Gomez, Javier, Riyat, Harjoat, Rizvi, Sana, Roberts, Keith, Roberts, Matthew, Robertson, Stuart, Robertson, Ronald, Robin-Valle, Alvaro, Rochon, Melissa, Rojo, Mikel, Rolli, Luigi, Romano, Silvio, Ross, Elizabeth, Ross, Howard, Rossborough, Catherine, Rottoli, Matteo, Ruiz, Miguel, Ruiz-Grande, Fernando, Ruiz-Martin, Irene, Ruiz-Soriano, María, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Ryska, Ondrej, Saez, Carlo, Sagnotta, Andrea, Sahnan, Kapil, Sahni, Arun, Salim, Ali, Sallam, Ibrahim, Salvia, Roberto, Samadov, Elgun, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sampaio-Alves, Mafalda, Sánchez-Arteaga, Alejandro, Sanchez-Fuentes, Maria-Nieve, Sanchez-Pelaez, Daniel, Sanchez-Perez, Coral, Sanchez-Rubio, Maria, Sancho-Muriel, Jorge, Sanders, Julie, Santero-Ramirez, Maria-Pilar, Santora, Thoma, Santoro, Antonio, Santos, Irene, Santos-Sousa, Hugo, Sapienza, Paolo, Sartarelli, Lodovico, Sarveswaran, Janahan, Sasia, Diego, Saudemont, Alain, Saudi-Moro, Sef, Saxena, Shobhit, Saxena, Dolly, 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D., Kugler N., Kulkarni R., Kurihara H., Laface L., Lakkis Z., Lami M., Landaluce-Olavarria A., Lapolla P., Lawani I., Lawday S., Lazaro A., Lecolle K., Leventoglu S., Li Z., Liew I., Lisi G., Lizzi V., Lo T., Lomiento D., Longhi M., Lostis E., Lostoridis E., Loubani M., Lowy-Benoliel A., Lucianetti A., Luke L., Lunevicius R., Luraghi M., Lye G., Mabrouk I., Macchi A., MacDonald L., Machairas N., Madonini M., Magowan D., Maisonneuve E., Majkowska A., Majkowski L., Mak J., Malabarba S., Malerba M., Mannan S., Manson J., Mansuri A., Mantoglu B., Manu N., Maqsood A., Marano A., Marchbank A., Marcos-Santos P., Marrano E., Martin J., Martin E., Martin G., Martin-Albo L., Martin-Roman L., Martinelli F., Martinez-dePaz F., Martinez-German A., Martinez-Pinedo C., Martins R., Marwan H., Marzi F., Mathieu P., Matute-Najarro M.-S., Maw A., Mazingi D., Mazzaferro V., McCanny A., McKenzie K., McLarty N., McPherson I., Medina E., Mediratta S., Medone M., Mehra G., Mele S., Melero-Cortes L., 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D., Parmar C., Pascual A., Patel M., Pathak A., Patil S., Pattyn P., Peckham-Cooper A., Pedrazzani C., Pellino G., Peluso C., Pereira A., Pereira-Neves A., Perez-Diaz M.D., Perez-Gonzalez M., Perez-Saborido B., Perivoliotis K., Perkins C., Peros G., Perotto O., Perra T., Petrone P., Phenix G., Picazo S., Picon-Rodriguez R., Piloni M., Pingarron-Martin L., Pinotti E., Pisanu A., Pizzini P., Pockney P., Podda M., Podolsky D., Poggioli G., Pompili C., Pontari M., Porcu A., Potter R., Price C., Pruvot F.-R., Pujol-Muncunill R., Puppo A., Quante M., Quintana-Villamandos B., Qureshi A., Radenkovic D., Rakvin I., Ramallo-Solis I., Ramcharan S., Ramos D., Ramos-Bonilla A., Ramzi J., Rathinam S., Rausa E., Ravaioli M., Ravindran S., Raymond T., Razik A., Redfern J., Reguera-Rosal J., Rela M., Rey-Biel J., Rey-Valcarcel C., Ribolla M., Richards T., Richmond M., Righini E., Rio-Gomez J., Riyat H., Rizvi S., Roberts K., Roberts M., Robertson S., Robertson R., Robin-Valle A., Rochon M., Rojo M., Rolli L., Romano S., Ross E., Ross H., Rossborough C., Rottoli M., Ruiz-Grande F., Ruiz-Martin I., Ruiz-Soriano M., Ruzzenente A., Ryska O., Saez C., Sagnotta A., Sahnan K., Sahni A., Salim A., Sallam I., Salvia R., Samadov E., Sammarco G., Sampaio-Alves M., Sanchez-Arteaga A., Sanchez-Fuentes M.-N., Sanchez-Pelaez D., Sanchez-Perez C., Sanchez-Rubio M., Sancho-Muriel J., Sanders J., Santero-Ramirez M.-P., Santora T., Santoro A., Santos I., Santos-Sousa H., Sapienza P., Sartarelli L., Sarveswaran J., Sasia D., Saudemont A., Saudi-Moro S., Saxena S., Saxena D., Sayasneh A., Scalabre A., Schache A., Schiavina R., Schineis C., Schreckenbach T., Scorza A., Scott L., Seegert S., Seguin-Givelet A., Senent-Boza A., Seymour K., Shabana A., Shah K., Shah J., Shah P., Shah S., Shakir T., Shalaby M., Shankar S., Shaw R., Shehata S., Shenfine A., Sheridan K., Sherief A., Sherief M., Sherif M., Shinkwin M., Shu S., Siaw-Acheampong K., Sileri P., Singh A., Singh S., Sinha S., Sinha D., Siragusa L., Sivaprakasam R., Sivayoganathan S., Smillie R., Smith C., Smith A., Sochorova D., Soggiu F., Sohrabi C., Solari F., Solli P., Soreide K., Spinelli A., Spoletini D., Spriano G., Sravanam S., Ssentongo P., Stanger S., Stavroulias D., Steel B., Stella M., Stewart R., Stringer S., Sulen N., Sundar S., Sundhu M., Suri A., Syed A., Szatmary P., Tabiri S., Tadross D., Taglietti L., Tansey R., Tartaglia D., Tawheed A., Tayeh S., Teles T., Testa V., Tewari N., Thoenissen P., Thomas K., Thomin A., Thrush J., Tierney S., Tiwari A., Toh S., Toledo E., Tonini V., Torkington J., Torquati A., Torzilli G., Totty J., Tourountzi P., Tousidonis M., Townend P., Townsend C., Trompeter A., Trotta F., Truant S., Trujillo-Diaz J., Turco C., Turrado-Rodriguez V., Turri G., Tustin H., Tyler J., Tzedakis S., Tzovaras G., Uittenbogaart M., Ullah R., Urban S., Urbani A., Usai A., Vaccarella G., Valdes-Hernandez J., Valsecchi L., Vashisht R., Vazquez-Fernandez A., Venn M., Vera-Mansilla C., Vergari R., Vescio G., Vidya R., Vieira P., Vijay V., Vimalachandran D., Violante T., Volpe A., Vovola F., Vulliamy P., Wall R., Wallwork K., Ward A., Warwick D., Waseem S., Weaver H., Wells F., Wen J., West R., Whitehall E., Wild L., Wilkins A., Williams G., Williams M., Winnand P., Wong K., Worku D., Wright N., Yalamanchili S., Yershov D., Yildiz A., Young R., Yurttas C., Zadegan F., Zafar N., Zakaria R., Zambon M., Zanini N., Zarate A., Zerbib P., Zizzo M., Zmora O., Zonta S., van Berge Henegouwen M.I., van der Plas W.Y., Ali I.A.M., Bakri N.A.C., Bauset J.C.C., Abou Chaar M.K., Marino Cosentino L.M., Gomez Diaz C.J., Garcia Galocha J.L., de Gheldere C.A., Ataide Gomes G.M., Beltran de Heredia J., Blazer III D.G., Nugent III W.C., Ali karar A.A., Borja De Lacy F., Blas Laina J.L., Shane Lester M.J., Liyanage A.S.D., Al Maadany F.S., De Marchi J.A., Ramos-De la Medina A., Mithany R.H.M., Sanchez del Pueblo C., van Ramshorst G.H., De Salas M.M., De Souza A.C., Dolores Del Toro M., Archer J.E., Odeh A., Erridge S., Salem H.K., Jones G.P., Gardner A., Tripathi S.S., Gregg A., Jeganathan R., Siddique M.H., Lombardi C.P., Martin B., Leo C.A., Dass D., Di Franco G., Jiao L.R., Mari G.M., Capitan-Morales L.-C., Connelly T.M., Alanbuki A., De Virgilio A., Schilling C., San Miguel Mendez C., Kulkarni G., Nizami K., Walsh S., Dean H., Ruiz-Marin M., Houston R., Trompetto M., Chrastek D., Kouritas V., Cannoletta M., Rosato F., Kaushal M.V., Costa P.M., Elkadi H.H., Johnstone J.R., Irvine E., Alvarez M.R., Corbellini C., Venkatesan G.S., Mateo-Sierra O., Martinez-Perez C., Serrano Gonzalez J., Hernandez Bartolome M.A., Diaz Perez D., Gutierrez Samaniego M., Galindo Jara P., Sharma N., Smart N.J., Keller D.S., AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Surgery, Graduate School, Almaadany, F. S., Samadov, E., Namazov, I., Jafarova, S., Ramshorst, G. H. V., Pattyn, P., Desender, L., Gheldere, C. A. D., Duchateau, N., Mihanovic, J., Sulen, N., Andabaka, T., Rakvin, I., Bakmaz, B., Smith, H. G., Jonsson, M. L., Kassas, M. E., Tawheed, A., Shehata, S., Ashoush, F. M., Abdelaal, A. S., Elfiky, M. M. A., Emile, S. H., Elfallal, A. H., Elfeki, H., Shalaby, M., Alrahawy, M. M., Sallam, I., Amira, G., Sherief, A., Sherief, M., Lakkis, Z., Doussot, A., Turco, C., Heyd, B., Mathieu, P., Chebaro, A., Lecolle, K., Zerbib, P., Truant, S., Saudemont, A., Pruvot, F. -R., Arnaud, A. P., Bergeat, D., Merdrignac, A., Scalabre, A., Roy, B. L., Perotto, O., Tzedakis, S., Gaujoux, S., Dousset, B., Moszkowicz, D., Bretagnol, F., Hervieux, E., Maisonneuve, E., Clermidi, P., Aubry, E., Thomin, A., Seguin-Givelet, A., Zadegan, F., Conso, C., Ollat, D., Kamphues, C., Lauscher, J. C., Schineis, C., Schnitzbauer, A. A., Thoenissen, P., Youzouri, H. E., Schreckenbach, T., Nguyen, T. A., Modabber, A., Holzle, F., Winnand, P., Konigsrainer, A., Quante, M., Yurttas, C., Loffler, M. W., Klimopoulos, S., Tzovaras, G., Baloyiannis, I., Perivoliotis, K., Lostoridis, E., Tourountzi, P., Marchi, J. A. D., Farrell, T., Davis, N. F., Kearney, D., Larkin, J. O., Mohan, H. M., Mehigan, B. J., Fahey, B. A., Barry, C. P., Elliott, J. A., Bass, G. A., Connelly, T. M., Kavanagh, D. O., Elkady, R., Neary, P. C., Ridgway, P. F., Joyce, D. P., Tierney, S., Boyle, E., Egan, B., Lowery, A. J., Collins, C. G., Hogan, A., Mckevitt, K. L., Ryan, E. J., Fowler, A. L., Aherne, T. M., Nizami, K., Walsh, S., Zmora, O., Kugler, N., Falco, G., Ruiz, C. C., Mele, S., Annessi, V., Ferrari, G., Montella, M. T., Mariani, N. M., Ceretti, A. P., Lomiento, D., Taglietti, L., Giudice, R. D., Compagnoni, B., Dester, S., Granieri, S., Cotsoglou, C., Campagnaro, T., Turri, G., Guglielmi, A., Ruzzenente, A., Pedrazzani, C., Salvia, R., Paiella, S., Nobile, S., Marino, M. V., Mirabella, A., Vaccarella, G., Francone, E., Gentilli, S., Nikaj, H., Morelli, L., Franco, G. D., Palmeri, M., Tartaglia, D., Coccolini, F., Chiarugi, M., Anania, G., Chiozza, M., Urbani, A., Podda, M., Pisanu, A., Porcu, A., Perra, T., Fancellu, A., Familiari, P., D'Andrea, G., Bambina, F., Fiore, M., Macchi, A., Citterio, D., Mosca, A., Martinelli, F., Rolli, L., Guaglio, M., Comini, L. V., Capizzi, V., Mazzaferro, V., Cozza, V., Gordini, L., Lombardi, C. P., Simone, V. D., Marzi, F., Marra, A. A., Baldini, E., Conti, L., Ribolla, M., Isolani, S. M., Capelli, P., Spinelli, A., Carvello, M., Candido, F. D., Kurihara, H., Marrano, E., Torzilli, G., Castoro, C., Roit, A. D., Mercante, G., Spriano, G., Gaino, F., De Virgilio, A., Bonavina, L., Asti, E., Feo, C. V., Fabbri, N., Righini, E., Di Saverio, S., Scorza, A., Iovino, D., Carcano, G., Baldi, C., Sampietro, G. M., Corbellini, C., Cellerino, P., Zappa, M. A., Ardito, A., Galfrascoli, E., Iacob, G., Zanini, N. C., Palini, G., Garulli, G., Ballabio, M., Bisagni, P., Pizzini, P., Gagliano, A., Armao, T., Longhi, M., Madonini, M., Luraghi, M., Galimberti, L., Romano, S., Bastazza, M., Trotta, F., Gipponi, M., Malabarba, S., Centinaio, G., Mochet, S., Usai, A., Grivon, M., Barmasse, R., Sagnotta, A. S., Marino, L. M. P., Galleano, R., Malerba, M., Baldo, S., Ligure, P., Casati, M., Abate, E., Laface, L., Brianza, C., Lizzi, V., Vovola, F., Arminio, A., Vergari, R., Rausa, E., Bianco, F., Lucianetti, A., Guaitoli, E., Pinotti, E., Carissimi, F., Montuori, M., Baronio, G., Campanelli, M., Sica, G. S., Siragusa, L. S., Lapolla, P., Mingoli, A., Toma, G. D., Fiori, E., Torre, F. L., Sapienza, P., Brachini, G., Cirillo, B., Iannone, I., Zambon, M., Chiappini, A., Meneghini, S., Fonsi, G. B., Cicerchia, P. M., Bruzzaniti, P., Santoro, A., Bartolomeo, A. 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L. G., Rojo, M., Torres, A. J., Rivas, A. M., Camarero, E., Saez, C., Antonanzas, L. L., De Andres-Asenjo, B., De Heredia, J. B., Fernandez, A. V., Trujillo-Diaz, J., Ruiz-Soriano, M., Minaya-Bravo, A., Mendez, C. S. M., Galvan-Perez, A., Robin-Valle, A., Gonzalez-Gonzalez, E., Calcerrada-Alises, E., Garcia-Urena, M. A., Carrasco, M., Gimenez, C., Medina, E., Fernandez, A. J., Ruiz-Marin, M., Estaire-Gomez, M., Martinez-Depaz, F., Sanchez-Pelaez, D., Jimenez-Higuera, E., Martinez-Pinedo, C., Picon-Rodriguez, R., Fernandez-Camunas, A., Padilla-Valverde, D., Rey-Valcarcel, C., Perez-Diaz, M. D., Fernandez-Martinez, M., Martin-Roman, L., Gomez, M. F., Rio-Gomez, J., Tousidonis, M., Alonso-Ortuno, P., Ayuso-Herrera, E., Martin-Albo, L., Aragon-Chamizo, J., Lowy-Benoliel, A., Quintana-Villamandos, B., Sanchez-Perez, C., Mateo-Sierra, O., Corral, J., Caballero, A., Zarate, A., Diez-Alonso, M. M., Mendoza-Moreno, F., Mansilla, C. V., Ruiz-Grande, F., Hernandez-Juara, P., Blazquez-Martin, A., Montesinos, C. S., Diaz, C. J. G., Guariglia, C. A., Fructuoso, L. S., Osorio, A. L., Font, R. F., Ormazabal, P. C., Mora-Guzman, I., Gonzalez, J. S., Perez, D. D., Samaniego, M. G., Jara, P. G., Garcia, M. H., Ruiz, M. L., Fernandez, B. D., Delgado, M. G. -C., Poza, A. A., Mallen, V. D., Gracia-Roche, C., Martinez-German, A., Santero-Ramirez, M. -P., Matute-Najarro, M. -S., De Miguel-Ardevines, M. -C., Sanchez-Fuentes, M. -N., Saudi-Moro, S., Gascon-Ferrer, I., Herrero-Lopez, M., Delgado-Oliver, E., Sanchez-Rubio, M., Cantalejo-Diaz, M., Perez-Sanchez, L. E., Diaz-Garcia, A., Ramos, D., Barranquero, A. G., Ocana, J., Nunez, J., Cerro, C., Tejero-Pintor, F. J., Perez-Saborido, B., Marcos-Santos, P., Choolani-Bhojwani, E., Acebes-Garcia, F., Bueno-Canones, A. D., Pacheco-Sanchez, D., Cuadrado, M. B., Senent-Boza, A., Benitez-Linero, I., Ramallo-Solis, I., Sanchez-Arteaga, A., Melero-Cortes, L., Fernandez-Marin, R., Duran-Munoz-Cruzado, V. M., Gomez-Rosado, J. -C., Toro, M. D. D., Valdes-Hernandez, J., Reguera-Rosal, J., Capitan-Morales, L. -C., Oliva-Mompean, F., Sancho-Muriel, J., Cholewa, H., Flor, B., Landaluce-Olavarria, A., Miguel, M. G. -D., Cruzado, L. F. -G., Jimeno, J., Toledo, E., Pascual, A., Carrillo, M., Morales, D., Gomez, M., Rodriguez-Sanjuan, J. C., Aguilar, J., Baeza, M., Rey-Biel, J., Pingarron-Martin, L., Escartin, J., Laina, J. L. B., Pevidal, A. N., Enjuto, D. T., Ramos-Bonilla, A., Perez-Gonzalez, M., Diaz-Pena, P., Garces-Garcia, R., Salas, M. M. D., Cagigal-Ortega, E. P., Ali, O. M., Arigoni, M., Mongelli, F., Bernasconi, M., Giuseppe, M. D., Adamina, M., Peros, G., Aytac, E., Aliyeva, Z., Kara, Y., Bozkurt, M. A., Kocatas, A., Altintoprak, F., Gonullu, E., Mantoglu, B., Yildiz, A., Davies, R. J., Ashcroft, J., Baker, O. J., Byrne, M. H. V., Coughlin, P. A., Durst, A. Z. E., Georgiades, F., Habeeb, A., Hudson, V. E., Kolias, A., Luke, L., Mitrasinovic, S., Mohan, M., Murphy, S. H., Ngu, A. W. T., O'Neill, J. R., Ramzi, J., Rooney, S. M., Singh, A. A., Waseem, S., Wong, K., Lunevicius, R., Sheel, A. R. G., Jones, R. P., Nunes, Q. M., Hughes, J. L., Haq, I., Misra, N., Baig, M. M., Sundhu, M., Rossborough, C., Skelly, B. L., Neely, D. T. A., Angelou, D., Mccanny, A., Pachl, M. J., Martin, B., Sundar, S., Leung, E. Y., Vashisht, R., Bakri, N. A. C., Jiao, L. R., Nazarian, S., Warren, O. J., Kontovounisios, C., Grove, T., Vimalachandran, D., Manu, N., Eardley, N. J., Krishnan, E., Serevina, O. L., Martin, E., Povey, M. G., Jones, A. P., Smith, C., Mannan, S., Ayeni, F. A., Houston, R., Tustin, H., Rogers, L. J., Minto, G., Marchbank, A., Miller, D., Ho, B., Gohil, K., Labib, P. L., Emslie, K. M., Clough, E. C. S., Enemosah, I., Perkins, C., Rela, M., Panahi, P., Baker, M. P., Holme, T. J., Abbott, S. J., Bence, M. N., Razik, A., Osagie-Clouard, L., Holbrook, C. M., Kufeji, D., Chong, C., Hammond, J. S., Moir, J. A. G., Mcpherson, I., Booth, K., Patel, P. K., Kler, A., Handa, S., Kaushal, M. V., Redfern, J., Morgan, R., Maw, A., Gala, T., Abdelkarim, M., Asqalan, A., Ibrahim, S., Venkatesan, G. S., Caruana, E. J., Mohammad, A., Acharya, M., Rathinam, S., Nakas, A., Higgs, S., Brown, O. D., Boal, M., Dean, H., Stanger, S., Abdalaziz, H., Sayasneh, A., Najdy, M., Nath, R., Gautam, M., Fehervari, M., Spalding, D. R., Pai, M., Naumann, D. N., Kalkat, M., Syed, A., Alam, R., Tayeh, S., Chase, T. J. G., Ayorinde, J. O., Cuming, T., Ghanbari, A., Loubani, M., Aboelkassem-Ibrahim, A., Cao, H., Ross, E., Totty, J., Wilkins, A., Hitchman, L., Dixon, J. R., Dunning, J., Viswanath, Y. K. S., Lester, M. J. S., Bond-Smith, G., Lami, M., Tebala, G. D., Tucker, S. C., Shaw, A. V., Winter, S. C., Cernei, C., Qureshi, A., Belcher, E., Wallwork, K., Stavroulias, D., Di Chiara, F., Dare, O., Jeyaretna, D. S., Ganau, M., Chidambaram, S., Sravanam, S., Sinha, S., Smillie, R., Shah, K., Shankar, S., Dunstan, M., Beak, P., Gerogiannis, I., Jones, G. P., Gardner, A., Tripathi, S. S., Boddy, A. P., Hossain, T., Ashmore, C., Annamalai, S., Irvine, E., Kourdouli, A., Kirmani, B. H., Shackcloth, M. J., Harky, A., Stylianides, N. A., Abdalla, M. O., Newton, K., Bajomo, O. M., Rizvi, S., Darko, E., Saad, A. R., Li, Z., Motter, D., Hurt, L., Egan, R., Harries, R., Youssef, M. M. G., Evans, L., Chrastek, D., Kouritas, V., Shah, J., Anthoney, J., Amjad, R., Harrison, J., Mabrouk, I., Hebblethwaite, B., Emmerson, O., Bosch, K. D., Kalidindi, V., Bashkirova, V., Edwards, J. G., Rao, J. N., Hopkinson, D. N., Chetty, G., Forlani, S., Guha, S., Sherif, M., Giblin, A. -V., Lye, G., Whitehall, E., Blundell, C. M., Ward, A., Tadross, D., Wells, F., Majkowski, L., Townshend, D. N., Mills, S. J., Seymour, K., Shenfine, A., Mclarty, N., Kashora, F., Lewis, S. E., Ubhi, H. K., Exley, R., Singh, A., Basgaran, A., Bartsch, A. -M., Okechukwu, V., Basha, A., Barmpagianni, C., Gallagher, P., Khan, U., Maqsood, A., Shah, P., Saxena, S., Sahnan, K., Siddique, M. H., Leo, C. A., Zafar, N., Rollett, R. A., Collins, M. L., Tamimy, M. S., Riyat, H., Neil-Dwyer, J., Wen, J., Burnside, N., Weaver, H., Hawari, M., Addae-Boateng, E., Duffy, J. P., Dean, B. J. F., Luney, C. R., Sarveswaran, J., Patil, S., Ravindran, S., Scott, L., Michel, M., Toh, S., Ahmed, Y., Vijay, V., Shakir, T., Hasan, R., Tansey, R., Alanbuki, A., Patel, M., Shabana, A., Paisley, S., Khan, J. S., Griffiths, E. A., Kisiel, A. P., Kamal, M., Cato, L. D., Parente, A., Kulkarni, R., Saeed, S. A., Mak, J., Liew, I., Al-Sukaini, A., Saxena, D., Mediratta, S., Ali, I. A. M., Smith, A., Fell, A., English, C., Kristinsson, S., Goatly, G., Halkias, C., Evans, J., Glen, P., Al-Azzawi, M., Aitken, E., Mukherjee, S., Singh, S., English, W., Vulliamy, P., Karam, E., Chui, K., Mansuri, A., Sivayoganathan, S., Aaraj, M. A., El-Ali, A., Chowdhury, A. H., Worku, D., Hampton, M., Manson, J., Findlay, L., Majkowska, A., Brixton, G., Potter, R., De Souza, A. C., Rochon, M., Cannoletta, M., Bhalla, A., Daliya, P., Chia, Z., Pollok, J. M., Raptis, D. A., Davidson, B. R., Fusai, G. K., Xyda, S. E., Soggiu, F., Machairas, N., Bosanquet, D. C., Tang, A. M., Beamish, A. J., Nassa, H., Price, C., Williams, G., Magowan, D., Solari, F., Davies, E. J., Ryska, O., Hawkin, P., Raymond, T., Baron, R. D., Szatmary, P., Gahunia, S., Thomas, A. J., Dunne, D. F. J., Nita, G. E., Sochorova, D., Sivaprakasam, R., Venn, M. L., Ledesma, F. S. J., Thaha, M. A., Sullivan, T. B. B., Parry, J. T., Baumber, R., Archer, J. E., Odeh, A., Stewart, R., Ullah, R., Armstrong, L., Jones, M., Aljanadi, F., Moawad, N., Gregg, A., Jeganathan, R., Ferguson, H. J. M., Ramcharan, S., Yershov, D., Hopkins, J. C., Doe, M. J., Ambler, G. K., Lostis, E., Lawday, S., Babu, B. H., Liyanage, A. S. D., Weerasinghe, C. K., Blake, I., Sanders, J., Bueser, T., Curtis, M., Oo, A. Y., Abbott, T. E. F., Anwar, S., Sohrabi, C., Williams, K. J., Chung, E. A., Hagger, R., Karim, A., Hainsworth, A. J., Flatman, M., Hing, C. B., Trompeter, A., Lo, T., Wade, R. G., Bourke, G., Burke, J. R., Young, A. L., Wall, J. J. S., Johnstone, J. R., Peckham-Cooper, A., Elkadi, H. H., Kowal, M. R., Pompili, C., Ho, M. W. S., Kinross, J., Ibrahim, M. A. H., Abuown, A., Denning, M., Erridge, S., Yalamanchili, S., Martin, G., Hall, C., Hall, J. R. W., Baldwin, A. J., Gammeri, E., West, R., Wormald, J. C. R., Catton, A. B., Kudsk-Iversen, S., Kouris, S. M., Nugent, M., Lin, D. J., Kang, C., Scurrah, R. J., Rajgor, A. D., Steel, B., Day, A., Belgaumkar, A. P., Oyewole, B., Gilbert, C., Dass, D., Ford, D., Duff, S., Khan, A., Asaad, P., Brown, B. C., Jenkinson, M. D., Zakaria, R., Elmoslemany, T., Parmar, C., Mccluney, S. J., Shah, S., Kalavrezos, N., Sinha, D., Schilling, C., Tewari, N., Dunne, N. J. M., Carlos, W. J., Gill, C. K., Godbole, C., Dickson, K. E., Khajuria, A., Connolly, H., Naredla, P., Sarma, D. R., Robertson, S., Morris, C., Richards, T., Torkington, J., Williams, M., Shinkwin, M., Jayaraju, U., Singh, R. P., Aftab, R., Warwick, D., Khalefa, M. A., Hossain, F. S., Osman, K., Andreani, S. M., Bath, M. F., Sahni, A., Judkins, N., Springford, L. R., Wadley, M. S., Tyler, J., Wild, L., Wall, R., Jenner, E., Chamberlain, S., Thrush, J., Brain, J., Townsend, C., Stringer, S., Breckles, L., Flindall, I., Phenix, G., Thomas, K., Young, R., Macdonald, L., Green, S., Miu, V., Sheridan, K., Onos, L., Monson, J. R. T., Drake, F. T., Haqqani, M. H., Cooper, Z., Salim, A., Hirji, S. A., Brown, A. K., Chung, C., Hansen, L., Okafor, B. U., Roxo, V. I., Rice, H. E., Hwang, E. S., Blazer, D. G., Hall, B. J., Olson, S. A., Nehra, D., Cuschieri, J., Davidson, G. H., Walters, A. M., Nygaard, R. M., Colonna, E. T., Endorf, F. W., Meagher, A. D., Kinnaman, G., Mckenzie, K., Fretwell, K. R., Chan, J., Nugent, W. C., Chen, D., Stevens, K. A., Etchill, E. W., Jenny, H. E., Dehal, A., Kaafarani, H. M., Breen, K. A., Bankhead-Kendall, B. K., Alser, O., Mashbari, H. N., Velmahos, G. C., Chang, G., Dehart, D., Ourieff, J., Merola, S., Volpe, A., Podolsky, D., Coleman, N. L., Callahan, M., Brathwaite, C. E. M., Liu, H. H., Petrone, P., Baltazar, G., Hakmi, H., Sohail, A. H., Hazelton, J. P., Ssentongo, A. E., Ssentongo, P., Jamil, T., Al-Embideen, S., Seegert, S., Torquati, A., Bhama, A. R., Biffl, W. L., Schaffer, K. B., Marsh, C. L., Philp, M. M., Ross, H., Santora, T., Pathak, A., Sewards, J. M., Pontari, M., Engel, J. L., Giorgakis, E., Bhavaraju, A. V., Kalkwarf, K. J., Roberts, M., Robertson, R., Callcut, R. A., Canova, M. E., Suri, A., Velopulos, C. G., Carmichael, H., Mcintyre, R. C., Wright, F. L., Urban, S., Martin, R. C. G., Bhutiani, N., Diaz, J. J., Abdou, H., O'Meara, L. B., Richmond, M., Almasri, M., Marwan, H., Mehdi, M. Q., Kulkarni, G., Ban, V. S., Aoun, S. G., Batjer, H. H., Bhangu, A., Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), ​Robotics and image-guided minimally-invasive surgery (ROBOTICS), and Universidad de Cantabria

Subjects
Male, Emergency Medical Services, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Coronavirus Infections/complications, sars cov2, Settore MED/10 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO RESPIRATORIO, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, SARS-CoV-2, acute respiratory syndrome, pulmonary complication, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, Retrospective Studie, CONSENSUS DEFINITIONS, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Surgery, Postoperative complications, Mortality, COVID-19, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Mortality, Viral, Respiratory Tract Disease, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Mortality rate, Covid19, Operative/adverse effects, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Elective Surgical Procedures/adverse effects, Operative, Elective Surgical Procedures, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Female, COVID-19. Global surgery. Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. International cohort study, Coronavirus Infections, Human, Cohort study, Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology, Pneumonia, Viral, NO, COVIDSurg Collaborative, 03 medical and health sciences, Viral/complications, Betacoronavirus, Young Adult, General & Internal Medicine, Humans, Mortality, Elective surgery, Pandemics, LS7_4, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Surgical Procedures, Betacoronaviru, Elective Surgical Procedure, Pandemic, Coronavirus Infection, Emergency Medical Service, business.industry, No key words available, Postoperative complication, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, Perioperative, Pneumonia, Surgery, Pneumonia, Viral/complications, Postoperative Complication, business
Abstract

The lancet 396(10243), 27-38 (2020). doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31182-X, Published by Elsevier, London [u.a.]

Published
2020

18. Compartment syndrome of supraspinatus: a case report and review of the literature.

Author

Guryel, E., Abidin, S. Z., Tennent, D., Pearse, E. O., and Hing, C. B.

Subjects
*COMPARTMENT syndrome, *SPORTS injuries, *SUPRASPINATUS muscles
Abstract

Introduction: compartment syndrome of the lower leg or forearm is a well-recognised condition and relatively common following trauma. Surgeons are taught to recognise the clinical symptoms and signs early to enable immediate surgical fasciotomy. We present a rare case of compartment syndrome of the supraspinatus muscle after bench pressing. Conclusions: we recommend that in cases of intractable non-specific shoulder pain a differential diagnosis of compartment syndrome of the supraspinatus muscle is considered and surgical decompression performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012

19. National variation in guidance for the management of pregnant women presenting with major trauma.

Author

Demetriou C, Eardley W, Rebeiz MC, and Hing CB

Subjects
Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Wales, England, Wounds and Injuries therapy, Wounds and Injuries diagnosis, Emergency Service, Hospital standards, Emergency Service, Hospital statistics & numerical data, Pregnancy Complications therapy, Practice Guidelines as Topic
Abstract

Introduction: The initial assessment of pregnant women presenting with significant injuries is more complicated than that of non-pregnant women because of physiological and anatomical changes, and the presence of the fetus. The aim of this study was to determine whether guidelines for the early management of severely injured pregnant women exist, which aspects of assessment/management they cover and to what extent there is national consistency., Methods: A freedom of information request was submitted to 125 acute National Health Service trusts in England and six in Wales. The trusts were asked to confirm whether they have a guideline for the management of major trauma in pregnant women presenting to the emergency department and what the guidelines were., Results: In total, 96.2% of trusts responded, of which 19% have a specific guideline and 7.9% have a generic guideline for assessing pregnant women in the emergency department, irrespective of injury severity. Of the responding trusts, 19.8% have a protocol that specifies when an obstetric trauma call should be put out by the emergency department and when a pregnant woman should be transferred to a major trauma centre for definitive management. Our results found that 69.8% routinely call obstetrics or gynaecology to the trauma call compared with 36.5% calling paediatrics., Conclusions: The heterogeneity evident across trusts necessitates the establishment of national guidelines for the assessment of pregnant women with major trauma to standardise communication and delivery of care.

Published
2024
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20. Maternal outcomes of pregnant patients after trauma: a retrospective study of the Trauma Registry of England and Wales.

Author

Demetriou C, Avraam A, Symonds P, Eardley W, and Hing CB

Subjects
Female, Humans, Pregnancy, England epidemiology, Hospital Mortality, Injury Severity Score, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Wales epidemiology, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Middle Aged, Wounds and Injuries epidemiology, Wounds and Injuries therapy
Abstract

Introduction: Trauma accounts for 20% of deaths in pregnant women. Injury characterisation and outcome in pregnant women following trauma is poorly described. To understand and inform optimum care of this key injury population, a study was conducted using the Trauma Audit Research Network (TARN) database., Methods: In total, 341 pregnant and 26,774 non-pregnant female patients aged 15 to 46 years were identified for comparison from the TARN database. Mortality, cross-sectional imaging, blood product administration and EQ-5D scores were compared between the two groups. Mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score (ISS) and mortality rate before and after the creation of regional trauma networks were reported for pregnant patients., Results: Pregnancy was recorded in 1.3% (341/27,115) of included patients, with the most common cause of injury being road traffic collisions. A reduction in crude maternal mortality was observed over the course of the study period (7.3% to 2.9%). Baseline mean EQ-5D (0.47) and EQ-VAS (54.08) improved to 0.81 ( p < 0.001) and 85.75 ( p = 0.001), respectively, at 6 months following injury., Conclusion: The incidence of trauma in pregnancy is small and mortality in injured pregnant women decreased over the study period. Pregnant patients have significantly improved patient-reported outcome measures 6 months after injury although this is limited in impact because of poor response rates and outcome reporting. Construction and validation of tools aiding in outcome reporting will help considerably in understanding further gains in the care of pregnant women.

Published
2024
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21. Developing an artificial intelligence diagnostic tool for paediatric distal radius fractures, a proof of concept study.

Author

Aryasomayajula S, Hing CB, Siebachmeyer M, Naeini FB, Ejindu V, Leitch P, Gelfer Y, and Zweiri Y

Subjects
Humans, Child, Artificial Intelligence, Proof of Concept Study, Neural Networks, Computer, Wrist Fractures, Fractures, Bone, Wrist Injuries diagnostic imaging, Hand Injuries
Abstract

Introduction: In the UK, 1 in 50 children sustain a fractured bone yearly, yet studies have shown that 34% of children sustaining an injury do not have a visible fracture on initial radiographs. Wrist fractures are particularly difficult to identify because the growth plate poses diagnostic challenges when interpreting radiographs., Methods: We developed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) image recognition software to detect fractures in radiographs from children. A consecutive data set of 5,000 radiographs of the distal radius in children aged less than 19 years from 2014 to 2019 was used to train the CNN. In addition, transfer learning from a VGG16 CNN pretrained on non-radiological images was applied to improve generalisation of the network and the classification of radiographs. Hyperparameter tuning techniques were used to compare the model with the radiology reports that accompanied the original images to determine diagnostic test accuracy., Results: The training set consisted of 2,881 radiographs with a fracture and 1,571 without; 548 radiographs were outliers. With additional augmentation, the final data set consisted of 15,498 images. The data set was randomly split into three subsets: training (70%), validation (10%) and test (20%). After training for 20 epochs, the diagnostic test accuracy was 85%., Discussion: A CNN model is feasible in diagnosing paediatric wrist fractures. We demonstrated that this application could be utilised as a tool for improving diagnostic accuracy. Future work would involve developing automated treatment pathways for diagnosis, reducing unnecessary hospital visits and allowing staff redeployment to other areas.

Published
2023
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22. The effect of quadriceps anatomical factors on patellar stability: A systematic review.

Author

Abelleyra Lastoria DA, Benny CK, and Hing CB

Subjects
Humans, Knee Joint, Ligaments, Range of Motion, Articular, Quadriceps Muscle, Patella
Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the effect of quadriceps anatomical factors on patellar stability., Methods: The protocol for this review was registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42022334265. A systematic PRISMA compliant database search was conducted. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Global Health, MIDIRS, Embase, PsycARTICLES and APA PsycInfo), currently registered studies, conference proceedings and the reference lists of included studies were searched. A narrative synthesis provided a summary of current evidence pertaining to the effect of quadriceps anatomical factors on patellar stability., Results: A total of 9168 records were screened in the initial search. Of these, 20 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria, assessing 754 knees of 689 patients, and 69 cadaveric knees. Vastus medialis obliquus strength (VMO) affected patellar stability up to 15° of knee flexion, whereas medial retinaculum integrity did so up to 30° of knee flexion. Studies disagreed as to whether this applied to the rest of knee flexion. There is conflicting evidence regarding the effect of VMO elevation, cross-sectional area and angulation on patellar stability. The lateral retinaculum contributed to patellar stability throughout the entirety of knee flexion. Quadriceps angle altered patellar orientation during knee flexion, but not extension., Conclusion: Whilst vastus medialis obliquus strength was found to be a determinant of patellar stability, there is conflicting evidence regarding the effect of VMO morphological parameters on patellar stability. The lateral retinaculum provided stability throughout the entirety of knee flexion, and the medial retinaculum did so up to 30° of flexion., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Caroline B Hing is co editor-in-chief the Knee., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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23. Using a 3D handheld scanner to capture trochlear groove shape: proof of concept study.

Author

Mistry J, Hing CB, and Harris S

Subjects
Humans, Proof of Concept Study, Reproducibility of Results, Software, Computer Simulation, Models, Biological, Patellofemoral Joint anatomy & histology
Abstract

Introduction: Trochleoplasty is a surgical procedure used to treat patellar instability by modifying the trochlear groove. Analysis of the groove with a handheld scanner would enable accurate real-time planning and facilitate tailormade correction. We aimed to measure trochlear depth, sulcus angle, trochlear facet ratio, trochlear angle and lateral trochlear inclination angle and to establish inter- and intra-rater reliability for knee models to determine reliability and repeatability., Methods: The trochlear grooves of three knee models were scanned by two investigators. Three-dimensional reference models were created and surface-matched. Custom software was used to determine the desired parameters. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine test-retest reliability and the parameter results for each model that showed best reproducibility., Results: There was good interobserver reliability (trochlear depth, 1.0mm; sulcus angle, 2.7°; trochlear angle, 4.0°; lateral trochlear inclination angle, 4.0°), except in the trochlear facet ratio (32.0%) of one knee model. With outliers removed, the ICC was moderate to excellent in 73.34% of measurements, with trochlear depth showing the best reproducibility., Discussion: This feasibility study showed a handheld scanner in conjunction with supporting software can measure trochlear parameters with good to excellent inter- and intra-observer reliability.

Published
2022
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24. An analysis of national variance in coding for patellofemoral instability.

Author

Bailey MEA, Mistry J, Metcalfe A, and Hing CB

Subjects
England, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Joint Instability diagnosis, Joint Instability surgery, Patellar Dislocation diagnosis, Patellar Dislocation surgery, Patellofemoral Joint surgery
Abstract

Background: We sought to identify which specific set of codes are used by each acute NHS trust in England to document the diagnosis and management of patellofemoral instability (PFI)., Methods: All acute NHS Trusts in England were sent freedom of information (FOI) requests regarding their use of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems version 10 (ICD-10) codes for the diagnoses related to PFI, and Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Classification of Surgical Operations and Procedures 4th revision (OPCS-4) codes for surgical management of PFI., Results: 106 of 132 (80%) relevant trusts who manage patients with PFI responded with information. Coding for diagnosis of patellar dislocation and recurrent dislocation were largely consistent with 96% of the trusts using the same code. However, coding of patellar instability varied widely with 10 different codes being used, the most common of which was being used by only 34% of trusts. Coding for operative management exhibited greater variety with the number of different codes being used by trusts for each of the eight surgical treatments ranging from 11 to 19 and the range for the most common code being used by trusts from 34% to 64%. Furthermore, a large number of trusts used multiple different codes for the same diagnosis or treatment of PFI., Conclusion: There is a lack of uniformity in how trusts code PFI diagnosis and treatment. Standardisation will enable further research involving focused analysis of trust databases to facilitate a better understanding of the epidemiology of this condition., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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25. Fit-testing of respiratory protective equipment in the UK during the initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author

Green S, Gani A, Bailey M, Brown O, and Hing CB

Subjects
Female, Humans, Male, Pandemics, State Medicine, United Kingdom, COVID-19 prevention & control, Health Personnel, Masks standards, Occupational Exposure prevention & control, Respiratory Protective Devices standards
Abstract

Background: Public Health England guidance stipulates the use of filtering facepiece (FFP3) masks for healthcare workers engaged in aerosol-generating procedures. Mask fit-testing of respiratory protective equipment is essential to protect healthcare workers from aerosolized particles., Aim: To analyse the outcome of mask fit-testing across National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in the UK during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic., Methods: Using the Freedom of Information Act, 137 NHS hospitals were approached on May 26 th , 2020 by an independent researcher to provide data on the outcome of fit-testing at each site., Findings: Ninety-six hospitals responded to the request between May 26 th , 2020 to October 29 th , 2020. There was a total of 86 mask types used across 56 hospitals, 13 of which were used in at least 10% of these hospitals; the most frequently used was the FFP3M1863, used by 92.86% of hospitals. Overall fit-testing pass rates were provided by 32 hospitals with mean pass rate of 80.74%. The most successful masks, in terms of fit-test failure rates, were the Alpha Solway 3030V and the Alpha Solway S-3V (both reporting mean fit-test failures of 2%). Male- and female-specific pass and failure rates were provided by seven hospitals. Across the seven hospitals, 20.1% of men tested failed the fit-test for all masks used, whereas 19.9% of women tested failed the fit-test for all masks used. Failure rates were significantly higher in staff from Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) backgrounds 644/2507 (25.69%) across four hospitals., Conclusion: Twenty percent of healthcare workers tested during the first response to the pandemic failed fit-testing for masks. A small sample revealed that this was most prominent in staff from BAME backgrounds., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2021
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27. Mortality and morbidity of stairlift injuries: Analysis of the UK TARN database.

Author

O'Malley O, Ryan O, Wilson G, Islam M, Smith TO, and Hing CB

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Craniocerebral Trauma mortality, Female, Humans, Incidence, Injury Severity Score, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Registries statistics & numerical data, United Kingdom epidemiology, Accidental Falls mortality, Household Articles
Abstract

Aims: To investigate the incidence and pattern of injury in patients with a diagnosis of a fall from a stairlift., Methods: Data was analysed from the Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) database from 2000 to 2018 for those recorded suffering stairlift related injuries between the ages of 40-100 years. Patient demographics, injury mechanism and pattern, mortality rate and height of fall were analysed., Results: 1069 patients were identified in the initial search with 651 having an eligible mechanism of injury. The mean age was 82 (range 41.4-100.1) years. The most common site of injury was the limbs (49.2%) with the most severe injuries to the head (mean AIS 3.1). The mean ISS was 12.5 (Range 1-75). There was no relationship between height of fall and ISS (r s 0.054 p = 0.4). Individuals were 78% more likely to have an ISS score of 15 or more if they had a head injury, (OR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.06-0.24) and 79% more likely to have sustained an injury to the thorax (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.11-0.41). Injury to the head was 95% more likely in individuals with an ISS score greater than 25 points or more (OR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01-0.16) and 69% more likely for those who sustain injury to the thorax. Individuals with an ISS score of 25 points or more were 18 times more likely to have sustained injury getting off their stair lift compared to any other method of falling from their stair lift. Mortality was associated with injuries to the thorax in those aged 70 years or below, injuries to the face, spine and limb for those aged 71-85 years and with head injury in those over 85 years. The overall mortality rate was 15.7%., Conclusion: Falls from stairlifts commonly result in limb injuries and most severe injuries are sustained to the head. When patients fall getting off from astairlift, have injuries to their head or thorax they have a higher ISS. The overall mortality is 15.7%. Given the increasing use of stairlifts in our ageing population, strategies should be considered to make these safer., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None, (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2020
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28. Psychometric properties of the Norwich Patellar Instability Score in people with recurrent patellar dislocation.

Author

Smith TO, Choudhury A, Navratil R, and Hing CB

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Joint Instability complications, Male, Patellar Dislocation etiology, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Psychometrics, Young Adult, Joint Instability diagnosis, Joint Instability psychology, Patellar Dislocation psychology, Patellar Dislocation therapy, Patellofemoral Joint
Abstract

Background: Patellar dislocations account for two percent of all knee injuries with a 17% chance of re-dislocation. There are few validated scores specific to instability. One of these is the Norwich Patellar Instability Score. There has been limited assessment of the validity, floor-ceiling effect and responsiveness of the Norwich Patellar Instability (NPI) Score from an independent centre. The purpose of this paper is to address this limitation., Methods: Data from 90 patients referred to a tertiary referral patellofemoral clinic were analysed. All routinely completed data including NPI Score, Kujala Patellofemoral Disorder Score, and demographic outcomes during appointments, up to 36 months following initial clinical assessment was analysed. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating outcomes of the Kujala Patellofemoral Disorder Score to the NPI Score. Effect size (ES) was determined between baseline to 12-month and 12 to 36-month assessments to determine responsiveness. Floor-ceiling effect was evaluated at baseline, 12-month and 12 to 36-month follow-up., Results: NPI Score demonstrated good convergent validity to the Kujala Patellofemoral Disorder Score (p < .001; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.71 to -0.52). NPI Score demonstrated good responsiveness to change both between baseline to 12 months (ES: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.10) and 12 to 36 months (ES: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.15). Whilst the NPI Score did not demonstrate a ceiling effect, there was moderate risk of a floor-effect where 13% of the cohort reported the lowest levels of NPI scores., Conclusions: The NPI Score is a valid and responsive outcome for people with recurrent patellar dislocation., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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29. A bibliometric analysis assessing temporal changes in publication and authorship characteristics in The Knee from 1996 to 2016.

Author

Sheridan G, Wisken E, Hing CB, and Smith TO

Subjects
Bibliometrics, Evidence-Based Medicine trends, Humans, Occupations statistics & numerical data, Occupations trends, Orthopedics, Publishing statistics & numerical data, Research Support as Topic statistics & numerical data, Research Support as Topic trends, Sex Distribution, Authorship, Periodicals as Topic, Publishing trends
Abstract

Background: Evidence-based practice is a foundation to clinical excellence. However there remains little evidence on the characteristics of authors who contribute to the evidence-base and whether these have changed over time. The purpose of this study was to explore these characteristics by undertaking a bibliometric analysis to explore publication and authorship characteristics in a leading sub-speciality orthopaedic journal (The Knee) over a 20-year period., Methods: All articles published in The Knee in 1996, 2006 and 2016 were identified. For each article, data collected included: highest academic award; profession; gender; continent of first and last author; total number of authors; the level of evidence; and funding source. We analysed temporal changes in these variables using appropriate statistical models., Results: A total of 413 papers were analysed. Between 1996 to 2016 there has been a significant increase in the overall number of authors, the number of paper submitted from Asia, the proportion of Level 1 or 2 tiered evidence, the proportion of people with Bachelor or Master-level degrees as their highest level of educational award and the proportion of non-medically qualified authors (P<0.001). From 2006 to 2016 there was a significant increase in the proportion of articles whose first author was female (P=0.03), but no significant change in the number of females as last author (P=0.43)., Conclusion: The findings indicate that there have been changes in publication and authorship characteristics in this sub-speciality orthopaedic journal during the past 20years. This provides encouraging indication of greater diversification and internationalisation of orthopaedic research., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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30. The treatment of segmental tibial fractures: does patient preference differ from surgeon choice?

Author

Little Z, Smith TO, McMahon SE, Cooper C, Trompeter A, Pearse M, Britten S, Rogers B, Sharma H, Narayan B, Costa M, Beard DJ, and Hing CB

Subjects
Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Choice Behavior, Female, Fracture Fixation psychology, Fracture Healing physiology, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Patient Preference psychology, Tibial Fractures psychology, Treatment Outcome, Clinical Decision-Making, External Fixators statistics & numerical data, Fracture Fixation methods, Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary statistics & numerical data, Patient Preference statistics & numerical data, Surgeons, Tibial Fractures surgery
Abstract

Introduction: Segmental tibial fractures are complex injuries with a prolonged recovery time. Current definitive treatment options include intramedullary fixation or a circular external fixator. However, there is uncertainty as to which surgical option is preferable and there are no sufficiently rigorous multi-centre trials that have answered this question. The objective of this study was to determine whether patient and surgeon opinion was permissive for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing intramedullary nailing to the application of a circular external fixator., Materials and Methods: A convenience questionnaire survey of attending surgeons was conducted during the United Kingdom's Orthopaedic Trauma Society annual meeting 2017 to determine the treatment modalities used for a segmental tibial fracture (n=63). Patient opinion was obtained from clinical patients who had been treated for a segmental tibial fracture as part of a patient and public involvement focus group with questions covering the domains of surgical preference, treatment expectations, outcome, the consent process and follow-up regime (n=5)., Results: Based on the surgeon survey, 39% routinely use circular frame fixation following segmental tibial fracture compared to 61% who use nail fixation. Nail fixation was reported as the treatment of choice for a closed injury in a healthy patient in 81% of surgeons, and by 86% for a patient with a closed fracture who was obese. Twenty-one percent reported that they would use a nail for an open segmental tibia fracture in diabetics who smoked, whilst 57% would opt for a nail for a closed injury with compartment syndrome, and only 27% would use a nail for an open segmental injury in a young fit sports person. The patient and public preference exercise identified that sleep, early functional outcomes and psychosocial measures of outcomes are important., Conclusion: We concluded that a RCT comparing definitive fixation with an intramedullary nail and a circular external fixator is justified as there remains uncertainty on the optimal surgical management for segmental tibial fractures. Furthermore, psychosocial factors and early post-operative outcomes should be reported as core outcome measures as part of such a trial., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
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31. Does bariatric surgery prior to total hip or knee arthroplasty reduce post-operative complications and improve clinical outcomes for obese patients? Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Smith TO, Aboelmagd T, Hing CB, and MacGregor A

Subjects
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip methods, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee methods, Body Mass Index, Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Obesity, Morbid complications, Prognosis, Prosthesis Failure, Reoperation statistics & numerical data, Risk Assessment, Treatment Outcome, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip adverse effects, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee adverse effects, Bariatric Surgery methods, Obesity, Morbid surgery, Postoperative Complications prevention & control
Abstract

Aims: Our aim was to determine whether, based on the current literature, bariatric surgery prior to total hip (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) reduces the complication rates and improves the outcome following arthroplasty in obese patients., Methods: A systematic literature search was undertaken of published and unpublished databases on the 5 November 2015. All papers reporting studies comparing obese patients who had undergone bariatric surgery prior to arthroplasty, or not, were included. Each study was assessed using the Downs and Black appraisal tool. A meta-analysis of risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was performed to determine the incidence of complications including wound infection, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), revision surgery and mortality., Results: From 156 potential studies, five were considered to be eligible for inclusion in the study. A total of 23 348 patients (657 who had undergone bariatric surgery, 22 691 who had not) were analysed. The evidence-base was moderate in quality. There was no statistically significant difference in outcomes such as superficial wound infection (relative risk (RR) 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 0.37), deep wound infection (RR 1.04; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.66), DVT (RR 0.57; 95% CI 0.13 to 2.44), PE (RR 0.51; 95% CI 0.03 to 8.26), revision surgery (RR 1.24; 95% CI 0.75 to 2.05) or mortality (RR 1.25; 95% CI 0.16 to 9.89) between the two groups., Conclusion: For most peri-operative outcomes, bariatric surgery prior to THA or TKA does not significantly reduce the complication rates or improve the clinical outcome. This study questions the previous belief that bariatric surgery prior to arthroplasty may improve the clinical outcomes for patients who are obese or morbidly obese. This finding is based on moderate quality evidence. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1160-6., (©2016 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.)

Published
2016
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32. A survey of trauma database utilisation in England.

Author

Racy M, Al-Nammari S, and Hing CB

Subjects
Benchmarking, Computer Systems, England epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Registries statistics & numerical data, Standard of Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Trauma Severity Indices, Databases, Factual statistics & numerical data, Health Resources statistics & numerical data, Medical Audit, Trauma Centers, Wounds and Injuries epidemiology
Abstract

Trauma registries are used worldwide to coordinate patient care as well as provide data for audit and research purposes. National registries collect this data, producing research opportunities, outcome standards and a means by which to benchmark trauma centre performance. The Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) is the UK national registry, with data upload being mandatory from all major trauma centres (MTCs), a process which is manual and time and resource intensive. A telephone survey was carried out to collect data from all 26 MTCs in England. A questionnaire was designed to identify how data was collected at a local level, what software and methods were used and what resources were allocated to collect and upload trauma data to the TARN. Further information on hospital size and number of beds was collected from internet searches. Twenty-three MTCs were contacted in total. The majority used Microsoft Excel, with the next most common programme being Bluespier. Other commercially available registries used included Collector, VTOMS and McKesson. One trust created its own software and three used no electronic database at all. Electronic patient record integration was variable and limited to some commercially available registries. The mean number of TARN data collectors was two per centre, with a mean duration of data collection of 4.5 years. The wide range of software options and their lack of integration with the hospital electronic patient records results in the duplication of data as well as requiring time and resources. This may also be due to the difference in data required for coordinating on-going patient care and that required for upload to the TARN. Whilst some of these programmes do have the capabilities for automatic data upload, further efforts must be made to provide a cohesive system that provides the required integration and customisability in order to improve efficiency and ultimately trauma care., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2014
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33. Opening- or closing-wedged high tibial osteotomy: a meta-analysis of clinical and radiological outcomes.

Author

Smith TO, Sexton D, Mitchell P, and Hing CB

Subjects
Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Knee diagnostic imaging, Knee surgery, Knee Joint diagnostic imaging, Knee Joint pathology, Osteoarthritis, Knee diagnostic imaging, Osteoarthritis, Knee pathology, Postoperative Complications, Radiography, Tibia diagnostic imaging, Tibia pathology, Knee Joint surgery, Osteoarthritis, Knee surgery, Osteotomy methods, Tibia surgery
Abstract

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) has been advocated for the treatment of isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. Debate remains over the superiority of performing a medial opening-wedge or lateral closing-wedge HTO. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes, and complications of patients following opening-wedge compared to closing-wedge HTO. A systematic review was undertaken of published and unpublished literature databases from their inception to May 2010. Twelve papers reporting nine clinical trials were found to be suitable for meta-analysis comparing 324 opening-wedge HTOs to 318 closing-wedge HTOs. There was no difference in the incidence of infection, deep vein thrombosis, peroneal nerve palsy, non-union or revision to knee arthroplasty (p>0.05). There was however a significantly greater posterior tibial slope and mean angle of correction, reduced patellar height and hip-knee-ankle angle following opening-wedge HTO (p<0.05). No significant difference was found for any clinical outcome including pain, functional score or complications (p>0.05)., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2011
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34. Interventions for treating proximal fifth metatarsal fractures in adults: a meta-analysis of the current evidence-base.

Author

Smith TO, Clark A, and Hing CB

Subjects
Evidence-Based Medicine, Humans, Fractures, Bone therapy, Metatarsal Bones injuries
Abstract

Background: This study assessed the clinical and radiological outcomes of different non-surgical interventions, surgical versus non-surgical interventions, and different surgical interventions used in the management of proximal fifth metatarsal fractures., Methods: A systematic review of published and unpublished literature was undertaken., Results: Six studies, assessing 330 patients and 333 fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal were reviewed. Four studies assessed outcomes following tuberosity fractures, whilst 2 studies recruited patients following proximal diaphyseal or Jones fractures. The findings suggested that bandage is superior to below knee cast immobilisation for patient-reported functional and pain scores, with no difference in fracture union or re-fracture, and a shorter duration to return to work. There was no significant difference in complication rates or functional outcomes for patients managed in a plaster slipper compared to a bandage post-injury. When comparing surgical and non-surgical management, intramedullary screw fixation results in a shorter time to fracture union, reduced complication rates and earlier return to pre-injury activities compared to non-surgical cast immobilisation. However, the evidence-base is limited in it size and presented with a number of methodological limitations., Conclusions: Further well-conducted randomised controlled trials are required to determine the optimal management strategy for the different types of proximal fifth metatarsal fractures., (Copyright © 2011 European Foot and Ankle Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2011
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35. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for rotator cuff tears in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Smith TO, Back T, Toms AP, and Hing CB

Subjects
Female, Humans, Male, ROC Curve, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Ultrasonography, Rotator Cuff diagnostic imaging, Rotator Cuff Injuries, Tendon Injuries diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Aim: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound to detect partial and complete thickness rotator cuff tears based on all available clinical trials., Materials and Methods: An electronic search of databases registering published and unpublished literature was conducted. All diagnostic accuracy studies that directly compared the accuracy of ultrasound (the index test) to either arthroscopic or open surgical findings (the reference test) for rotator cuff tear were included. The methodological quality of each included study was assessed using the QUADAS form. When appropriate, pooled sensitivity and specificity analysis was conducted, with an assessment of the summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each analysis., Results: Sixty-two studies assessing 6007 patients and 6066 shoulders were included. Ultrasonography had good sensitivity and specificity for the assessment of partial thickness (sensitivity 0.84; specificity 0.89), and full-thickness rotator cuff tears (sensitivity 0.96; specificity 0.93). However, the literature poorly described population characteristics, assessor blinding, and was based on limited sample sizes. The literature assessing transducer frequency was particularly small in size., Conclusion: Ultrasonography is an appropriate radiological technique for the assessment of rotator cuff tears with an acceptable sensitivity and specificity. The diagnostic test accuracy of ultrasound is superior for the detection of full-thickness compared to partial-thickness cuff tears. Further study assessing the effect of transducer frequency is warranted., (Copyright © 2011 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2011
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36. A review of how to conduct a surgical survey using a questionnaire.

Author

Hing CB, Smith TO, Hooper L, Song F, and Donell ST

Subjects
Interviews as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Data Collection methods, General Surgery statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires
Abstract

Health surveys using questionnaires facilitate the acquisition of information on the knowledge, behaviour, attitudes, perceptions and clinical history of a selected population. Their internal and external validities are threatened by poor design and low response rates. Numerous studies have investigated survey design and administration but care should be taken when generalising findings in different clinical and cultural settings. The current evidence-base suggests that no single mode of survey administration, such as postal, electronic or telephone, is superior to another. Whilst there is no evidence of an ideal response rate relationship to survey validity, response rates can be enhanced by including monetary incentives, providing a time cue, and repeat contact with non-responders. Unlike other modes of experimental data collection, few guidelines currently exist for survey and questionnaire design and response rate should not be considered a direct measure of a survey's quality., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2011
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37. The efficacy of the tourniquet in foot and ankle surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Smith TO and Hing CB

Subjects
Chi-Square Distribution, Edema etiology, Humans, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, Orthopedic Procedures, Pain Measurement, Pain, Postoperative etiology, Postoperative Complications etiology, Ankle surgery, Foot surgery, Tourniquets adverse effects
Abstract

Tourniquets are commonly used during foot and ankle surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the peri- and post-operative outcomes of tourniquet-assisted to non-tourniquet-assisted ankle and foot surgery. A systematic review was undertaken assessing the electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, AMED and EMBASE, in addition to a review of unpublished material and a hand search of pertinent orthopaedic journals. The evidence-base was critically appraised using the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group quality assessment tool. Study heterogeneity was measured using chi(2) and I(2) statistics. Where appropriate, a random-effects meta-analysis was undertaken to pool results of primary studies, assessing mean difference or relative risk of each outcome. A total of four studies were identified. The findings of this study would suggest that hospital length of stay was significantly shorter, and that the post-operative period was less painful, with reduced swelling from the fifth post-operative day, in surgeries undertaken without a tourniquet, compared to tourniquet-assisted procedures. There may be a greater incidence of wound infection and deep vein thrombosis in tourniquet-assisted foot and ankle procedures. The methodological quality of the evidence base is limited. Further study is required to address these limitations, after which we may be able to determine whether a tourniquet should be used during ankle or foot procedures., (Copyright 2009 European Foot and Ankle Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2010
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38. Fixed versus mobile bearing unicompartmental knee replacement: a meta-analysis.

Author

Smith TO, Hing CB, Davies L, and Donell ST

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee adverse effects, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Knee diagnostic imaging, Osteoarthritis, Knee surgery, Postoperative Complications physiopathology, Prosthesis Failure, Radiography, Reoperation, Risk Assessment, Stress, Mechanical, Treatment Outcome, United Kingdom, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee methods, Knee Prosthesis, Prosthesis Design, Weight-Bearing
Abstract

This systematic review compares the clinical, radiological and kinematic outcomes of fixed compared to mobile bearing unicompartmental knee replacements (UKRs). A meta-analysis of pooled mean difference and relative risk data was undertaken following a review of electronic databases. Five studies were identified. Analysis suggested that there was no significant difference in clinical outcome or complication rate between mobile and fixed bearing UKR. However, the evidence reviewed presented with a number of methodological limitations. Areas for further study are recommended.

Published
2009
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39. Intra-operative tibial plateau fracture during unicompartmental knee replacement: a case report.

Author

Sloper PJ, Hing CB, Donell ST, and Glasgow MM

Subjects
Bone Cements, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee adverse effects, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee methods, Intraoperative Complications etiology, Tibial Fractures etiology
Abstract

Periprosthetic fracture is a recognised complication of joint replacement. Intra-operative fractures of the tibia during total knee replacement have been reported and classified, but there have been no reports in patients undergoing unicompartmental knee replacement. We report a case of intra-operative fracture of the medial tibial plateau during impaction of the tibial component of an Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement. This occurred following a small breach in the posterior tibial cortex during preparation of the tibial plateau for the implant. We therefore advise caution during this stage of the procedure, especially in patients who may already be at risk of intra-operative fracture.

Published
2003
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