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3. The Association of Urinary Sodium Excretion with Glaucoma and Related Traits in a Large United Kingdom Population

Author

Aschard, Hugues, Chia, Mark, Chua, Sharon, Do, Ron, Foster, Paul, Kang, Jae, Kastner, Alan, Khawaja, Anthony, Kim, Jihye, Lentjes, Marleen, Luben, Robert, Madjedi, Kian, Montesano, Giovanni, Pasquale, Louis, Stuart, Kelsey, Warwick, Alasdair, Wiggs, Janey, Allen, Naomi, Aslam, Tariq, Atan, Denize, Barman, Sarah, Barrett, Jenny, Bishop, Paul, Black, Graeme, Braithwaite, Tasanee, Carare, Roxana, Chakravarthy, Usha, Chan, Michelle, Day, Alexander, Desai, Parul, Dhillon, Bal, Dick, Andrew, Doney, Alexander, Egan, Cathy, Ennis, Sarah, Fruttiger, Marcus, Garway-Heath, David (Ted), Gibson, Jane, Guggenheim, Jeremy, Hammond, Chris, Hardcastle, Alison, Harding, Simon, Hogg, Ruth, Hysi, Pirro, Keane, Pearse, Khaw, Peng Tee, Lascaratos, Gerassimos, Littlejohns, Thomas, Lotery, Andrew, Luthert, Phil, MacGillivray, Tom, Mackie, Sarah, McGuinness, Bernadette, McKay, Gareth, McKibbin, Martin, Moore, Tony, Morgan, James, O'Sullivan, Eoin, Oram, Richard, Owen, Chris, Patel, Praveen, Paterson, Euan, Peto, Tunde, Petzold, Axel, Pontikos, Nikolas, Rahi, Jugnoo, Rudnicka, Alicja, Sattar, Naveed, Self, Jay, Sergouniotis, Panagiotis, Sivaprasad, Sobha, Steel, David, Stratton, Irene, Strouthidis, Nicholas, Sudlow, Cathie, Sun, Zihan, Tapp, Robyn, Thomas, Dhanes, Trucco, Emanuele, Tufail, Adnan, Viswanathan, Ananth, Vitart, Veronique, Weedon, Mike, Williams, Katie, Williams, Cathy, Woodside, Jayne, Yates, Max, Yip, Jennifer, Zheng, Yalin, Aung, Tin, Burdon, Kathryn, Chen, Li, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Craig, Jamie, Cree, Angela, de Vries, Victor, Driessen, Sjoerd, Fingert, John, Gharahkhani, Puya, Hammond, Christopher, Hayward, Caroline, Hewitt, Alex, Jansonius, Nomdo, Jonansson, Fridbert, Jonas, Jost, Kass, Michael, Khor, Chiea, Klaver, Caroline, Koh, Jacyline, MacGregor, Stuart, Mackey, David, Mitchell, Paul, Pang, Calvin, Pasutto, Francesca, Pfeiffer, Norbert, Polašek, Ozren, Ramdas, Wishal, Schuster, Alexander, Segrè, Ayellet, Stefansson, Einer, Stefánsson, Kári, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, van Duijn, Cornelia, Vergroesen, Joëlle, Vithana, Eranga, Wilson, James, Wojciechowski, Robert, Wong, Tien, Young, Terri, Stuart, Kelsey V., Biradar, Mahantesh I., Luben, Robert N., Dhaun, Neeraj, Wagner, Siegfried K., Warwick, Alasdair N., Madjedi, Kian M., Pasquale, Louis R., Wiggs, Janey L., Kang, Jae H., Lentjes, Marleen A.H., Foster, Paul J., and Khawaja, Anthony P.

Published
2024
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4. Periodontitis and Outer Retinal Thickness: a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the United Kingdom Biobank Cohort

Author

Allen, Naomi, Aslam, Tariq, Atan, Denize, Balaskas, Konsantinos, Barman, Sarah A., Barrett, Jenny H., Bishop, Paul, Black, Graeme, Braithwaite, Tasanee, Carare, Roxana O., Chakravarthy, Usha, Chan, Michelle, Chua, Sharon Y.L., Day, Alexander, Desai, Parul, Dhillon, Bal, Dick, Andrew D., Doney, Alexander, Egan, Cathy, Ennis, Sarah, Foster, Paul, Fruttiger, Marcus, Gallacher, John E.J., Garway-Heath, David F., Gibson, Jane, Guggenheim, Jeremy A., Hammond, Chris J., Hardcastle, Alison, Harding, Simon P., Hogg, Ruth E., Hysi, Pirro, Keane, Pearse A., Khaw, Sir Peng T., Khawaja, Anthony P., Lascaratos, Gerassimos, Littlejohns, Thoams, Lotery, Andrew J., Luben, Robert, Luthert, Phil, Macgillivray, Tom, Mackie, Sarah, McGuinness, Bernadette, McKay, Gareth J., McKibbin, Martin, Moore, Tony, Morgan, James E., O’Sullivan, Eoin, Oram, Richard, Owen, Chris G., Patel, Praveen, Paterson, Euan, Peto, Tunde, Petzold, Axel, Rahi, Jugnoo S., Rudnikca, Alicja R., Sattar, Naveed, Self, Jay, Sergouniotis, Panagiotis, Sivaprasad, Sobha, Steel, David, Stratton, Irene, Strouthidis, Nicholas, Sudlow, Cathie, Sun, Zihan, Tapp, Robyn, Thomas, Dhanes, Trucco, Emanuele, Tufail, Adnan, Vitart, Veronique, Viswanathan, Ananth C., Weedon, Mike, Williams, Cathy, Williams, Katie, Woodside, Jayne V., Yates, Max M., Yip, Jennifer, Zheng, Yalin, Wagner, Siegfried K., Patel, Praveen J., Huemer, Josef, Khalid, Hagar, Stuart, Kelsey V., Chu, Colin J., Williamson, Dominic J., Struyven, Robbert R., Romero-Bascones, David, Foster, Paul J., Balaskas, Konstantinos, Cortina-Borja, Mario, Chapple, Iain, Dietrich, Thomas, and Denniston, Alastair K.

Published
2024
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5. Associations between unilateral amblyopia in childhood and cardiometabolic disorders in adult life: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the UK Biobank

Author

Allen, Naomi, Aslam, Tariq, Atan, Denize, Balaskas, Konstantinos, Barman, Sarah, Barrett, Jenny, Bishop, Paul, Black, Graeme, Braithwaite, Tasanee, Carare, Roxana, Chakravarthy, Usha, Chan, Michelle, Chua, Sharon, Day, Alexander, Desai, Parul, Dhillon, Bal, Dick, Andrew, Doney, Alexander, Egan, Cathy, Ennis, Sarah, Foster, Paul, Fruttiger, Marcus, Gallacher, John, Garway-heath, David (Ted), Gibson, Jane, Guggenheim, Jeremy, Hammond, Chris, Hardcastle, Alison, Harding, Simon, Hogg, Ruth, Hysi, Pirro, Keane, Pearse, Tee Khaw, Sir Peng, Khawaja, Anthony, Lascaratos, Gerassimos, Littlejohns, Thomas, Lotery, Andrew, Luben, Robert, Luthert, Phil, Macgillivray, Tom, Mackie, Sarah, Madhusudhan, Savita, Mcguinness, Bernadette, Mckay, Gareth, Mckibbin, Martin, Moore, Tony, Morgan, James, O'sullivan, Eoin, Oram, Richard, Owen, Chris, Patel, Praveen, Paterson, Euan, Peto, Tunde, Petzold, Axel, Pontikos, Nikolas, Rahi, Jugnoo, Rudnicka, Alicja, Sattar, Naveed, Self, Jay, Sergouniotis, Panagiotis, Sivaprasad, Sobha, Steel, David, Stratton, Irene, Strouthidis, Nicholas, Sudlow, Cathie, Sun, Zihan, Tapp, Robyn, Thomas, Dhanes, Trucco, Emanuele, Tufail, Adnan, Viswanathan, Ananth, Vitart, Veronique, Weedon, Mike, Williams, Katie, Williams, Cathy, Woodside, Jayne, Yates, Max, Zheng, Yalin, Thomas, Mervyn, Wagner, Siegfried Karl, Bountziouka, Vasiliki, and Rahi, Jugnoo Sangeeta

Published
2024
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6. The Association of Alcohol Consumption with Glaucoma and Related Traits: Findings from the UK Biobank

Author

Aschard, Hugues, Chia, Mark, Chua, Sharon, Do, Ron, Foster, Paul, Kang, Jae, Kastner, Alan, Khawaja, Anthony, Kim, Jihye, Lentjes, Marleen, Luben, Robert, Madjedi, Kian, Montesano, Giovanni, Pasquale, Louis, Stuart, Kelsey, Warwick, Alasdair, Wiggs, Janey, Allen, Naomi, Aslam, Tariq, Atan, Denize, Barman, Sarah, Barrett, Jenny, Bishop, Paul, Black, Graeme, Braithwaite, Tasanee, Carare, Roxana, Chakravarthy, Usha, Chan, Michelle, Day, Alexander, Desai, Parul, Dhillon, Bal, Dick, Andrew, Doney, Alexander, Egan, Cathy, Ennis, Sarah, Fruttiger, Marcus, Gallacher, John, Garway-Heath, David (Ted), Gibson, Jane, Guggenheim, Jeremy, Hammond, Chris, Hardcastle, Alison, Harding, Simon, Hogg, Ruth, Hysi, Pirro, Keane, Pearse, Khaw, Peng Tee, Lascaratos, Gerassimos, Littlejohns, Thomas, Lotery, Andrew, Luthert, Phil, MacGillivray, Tom, Mackie, Sarah, McGuinness, Bernadette, McKay, Gareth, McKibbin, Martin, Moore, Tony, Morgan, James, O'Sullivan, Eoin, Oram, Richard, Owen, Chris, Patel, Praveen, Paterson, Euan, Peto, Tunde, Petzold, Axel, Pontikos, Nikolas, Rahi, Jugnoo, Rudnicka, Alicja, Sattar, Naveed, Self, Jay, Sergouniotis, Panagiotis, Sivaprasad, Sobha, Steel, David, Stratton, Irene, Strouthidis, Nicholas, Sudlow, Cathie, Sun, Zihan, Tapp, Robyn, Thomas, Dhanes, Trucco, Emanuele, Tufail, Adnan, Viswanathan, Ananth, Vitart, Veronique, Weedon, Mike, Williams, Katie, Williams, Cathy, Woodside, Jayne, Yates, Max, Yip, Jennifer, Zheng, Yalin, Aung, Tin, Burdon, Kathryn, Chen, Li, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Craig, Jamie, Cree, Angela, de Vries, Victor, Driessen, Sjoerd, Fingert, John, Gharahkhani, Puya, Hammond, Christopher, Hayward, Caroline, Hewitt, Alex, Jansonius, Nomdo, Jonansson, Fridbert, Jonas, Jost, Kass, Michael, Khor, Chiea, Klaver, Caroline, Koh, Jacyline, MacGregor, Stuart, Mackey, David, Mitchell, Paul, Pang, Calvin, Pasutto, Francesca, Pfeiffer, Norbert, Polašek, Ozren, Ramdas, Wishal, Schuster, Alexander, Segrè, Ayellet, Stefansson, Einer, Stefánsson, Kári, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, van Duijn, Cornelia, Vergroesen, Joëlle, Vithana, Eranga, Wilson, James, Wojciechowski, Robert, Wong, Tien, Young, Terri, Stuart, Kelsey V., Luben, Robert N., Warwick, Alasdair N., Madjedi, Kian M., Patel, Praveen J., Biradar, Mahantesh I., Chia, Mark A., Pasquale, Louis R., Wiggs, Janey L., Kang, Jae H., Tran, Jessica H., Lentjes, Marleen A.H., Foster, Paul J., and Khawaja, Anthony P.

Published
2023
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7. A new polygenic score for refractive error improves detection of children at risk of high myopia but not the prediction of those at risk of myopic macular degeneration

Author

Bailey-Wilson, Joan E., Baird, Paul N., Barathi, Veluchamy A., Biino, Ginevra, Burdon, Kathryn P., Campbell, Harry, Chen, Li Jia, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chew, Emily Y., Craig, Jamie E., Deangelis, Margaret M., Delcourt, Cécile, Ding, Xiaohu, Fan, Qiao, Fossarello, Maurizio, Foster, Paul J., Gharahkhani, Puya, Guggenheim, Jeremy A., Guo, Xiaobo, Haarman, Annechien E.G., Haller, Toomas, Hammond, Christopher J., Han, Xikun, Hayward, Caroline, He, Mingguang, Hewitt, Alex W., Hoang, Quan, Hysi, Pirro G., Iglesias, Adriana I., Igo, Robert P., Iyengar, Sudha K., Jonas, Jost B., Kähönen, Mika, Kaprio, Jaakko, Khawaja, Anthony P., Klein, Barbara E., Lass, Jonathan H., Lee, Kris, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lewis, Deyana, Li, Qing, Li, Shi-Ming, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, MacGregor, Stuart, Mackey, David A., Martin, Nicholas G., Meguro, Akira, Metspalu, Andres, Middlebrooks, Candace, Miyake, Masahiro, Mizuki, Nobuhisa, Musolf, Anthony, Nickels, Stefan, Oexle, Konrad, Pang, Chi Pui, Pärssinen, Olavi, Paterson, Andrew D., Pfeiffer, Norbert, Polasek, Ozren, Rahi, Jugnoo S., Raitakari, Olli, Rudan, Igor, Sahebjada, Srujana, Saw, Seang-Mei, Simpson, Claire L., Stambolian, Dwight, Tai, E-Shyong, Tedja, Milly S., Tideman, J. Willem L., Tsujikawa, Akitaka, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Verhoeven, Virginie J.M., Vitart, Veronique, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Ya Xing, Wedenoja, Juho, Wei, Wen Bin, Williams, Cathy, Williams, Katie M., Wilson, James F., Wojciechowski, Robert, Yam, Jason C.S., Yamashiro, Kenji, Yap, Maurice K.H., Yazar, Seyhan, Yip, Shea Ping, Young, Terri L., Zhou, Xiangtian, Allen, Naomi, Aslam, Tariq, Atan, Denize, Barman, Sarah, Barrett, Jenny, Bishop, Paul, Black, Graeme, Bunce, Catey, Carare, Roxana, Chakravarthy, Usha, Chan, Michelle, Chua, Sharon, Cipriani, Valentina, Day, Alexander, Desai, Parul, Dhillon, Bal, Dick, Andrew, Doney, Alexander, Egan, Cathy, Ennis, Sarah, Foster, Paul, Fruttiger, Marcus, Gallacher, John, Garway-Heath, David, Gibson, Jane, Gore, Dan, Guggenheim, Jeremy, Hammond, Chris, Hardcastle, Alison, Harding, Simon, Hogg, Ruth, Hysi, Pirro, Keane, Pearse A., Khaw, Peng Tee, Khawaja, Anthony, Lascaratos, Gerassimos, Littlejohns, Thomas, Lotery, Andrew, Luthert, Phil, MacGillivray, Tom, Mackie, Sarah, McGuinness, Bernadette, McKay, Gareth, McKibbin, Martin, Mitry, Danny, Moore, Tony, Morgan, James, Muthy, Zaynah, O'Sullivan, Eoin, Owen, Chris, Patel, Praveen, Paterson, Euan, Peto, Tunde, Petzold, Axel, Pontikos, Nikolas, Rahi, Jugnoo, Rudnicka, Alicja, Self, Jay, Sergouniotis, Panagiotis, Sivaprasad, Sobha, Steel, David, Stratton, Irene, Strouthidis, Nicholas, Sudlow, Cathie, Tapp, Robyn, Thaung, Caroline, Thomas, Dhanes, Trucco, Emanuele, Tufail, Adnan, Vernon, Stephen, Viswanathan, Ananth, Williams, Katie, Woodside, Jayne, Yates, Max, Yip, Jennifer, Zheng, Yalin, Clark, Rosie, Lee, Samantha Sze-Yee, Du, Ran, Wang, Yining, Kneepkens, Sander C.M., Charng, Jason, Huang, Yu, Hunter, Michael L., Jiang, Chen, Tideman, J.Willem L., Melles, Ronald B., Klaver, Caroline C.W., Choquet, Hélène, and Ohno-Matsui, Kyoko

Published
2023
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9. A multi-ethnic genome-wide association study implicates collagen matrix integrity and cell differentiation pathways in keratoconus

Author

Hardcastle, Alison J., Liskova, Petra, Bykhovskaya, Yelena, McComish, Bennet J., Davidson, Alice E., Inglehearn, Chris F., Li, Xiaohui, Choquet, Hélène, Habeeb, Mahmoud, Lucas, Sionne E. M., Sahebjada, Srujana, Pontikos, Nikolas, Lopez, Karla E. Rojas, Khawaja, Anthony P., Ali, Manir, Dudakova, Lubica, Skalicka, Pavlina, Van Dooren, Bart T. H., Geerards, Annette J. M., Haudum, Christoph W., Faro, Valeria Lo, Tenen, Abi, Simcoe, Mark J., Patasova, Karina, Yarrand, Darioush, Yin, Jie, Siddiqui, Salina, Rice, Aine, Farraj, Layal Abi, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Rahi, Jugnoo S., Krauss, Ronald M., Theusch, Elisabeth, Charlesworth, Jac C., Szczotka-Flynn, Loretta, Toomes, Carmel, Meester-Smoor, Magda A., Richardson, Andrea J., Mitchell, Paul A., Taylor, Kent D., Melles, Ronald B., Aldave, Anthony J., Mills, Richard A., Cao, Ke, Chan, Elsie, Daniell, Mark D., Wang, Jie Jin, Rotter, Jerome I., Hewitt, Alex W., MacGregor, Stuart, Klaver, Caroline C. W., Ramdas, Wishal D., Craig, Jamie E., Iyengar, Sudha K., O’Brart, David, Jorgenson, Eric, Baird, Paul N., Rabinowitz, Yaron S., Burdon, Kathryn P., Hammond, Chris J., Tuft, Stephen J., and Hysi, Pirro G.

Published
2021
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11. Book Notes

Author

Saviotti, Pier Paolo, Reisman, D. A., Heertje, A., Steele, G. R., Watson, Katherine, Gerrard, Bill, Taylor, Robert, Binmore, Ken, Chambers, Marcus J., Koop, Gary, Cubitt, Robin, Pearce, David, Geroski, Paul, Hammond, Chris, Bailey, R. E., Marcus, Edward, Ietto-Gillies, Grazia, Begg, Iain, Cox, Howard, Ghosh, Dipak, Backhouse, Roger E., Wakelin, Katherine, Marcus, Edward, Sneessens, Henri, Gowland, David, Chawluk, Antoni, Ghadha, Jagjit, Gowland, David H., Davidson, Ian, Trautwein, Hans-Michael, Sosvilla-Rivero, Simon, Piggins, Ashley, Donald, David, Tait, Alan A., Mair, Douglas, Grahl, John, Gravelle, Hugh, Clarke, Roger, Hartley, Keith, Whitelegg, Drew, Cain, Peter, Morgan, Wyn, Walsh, Berndan, REad, Robert, Wakeley, Tim, Metcalfe, J. S., Alence, Rod, Hunter, Hanet, Liu, minquan, Rebick, Marcus E., Takalo, Tuomas, Ingham, Barbara, Redmond, John, Gekker, Ruvin, Myant, Martin, Hölscher, Jens, Blackhurst, Richard, and Munro, Alistair

Published
1998

12. Genome-wide analyses identify 68 new loci associated with intraocular pressure and improve risk prediction for primary open-angle glaucoma

Author

Khawaja, Anthony P., Cooke Bailey, Jessica N., Wareham, Nicholas J., Scott, Robert A., Simcoe, Mark, Igo, Jr, Robert P., Song, Yeunjoo E., Wojciechowski, Robert, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Khaw, Peng T., Pasquale, Louis R., Haines, Jonathan L., Foster, Paul J., Wiggs, Janey L., Hammond, Chris J., Hysi, Pirro G., UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium, and NEIGHBORHOOD Consortium

Published
2018
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13. Association analyses of rare variants identify two genes associated with refractive error

Author

Patasova, Karina, Haarman, Annechien E. G., Musolf, Anthony M., Mahroo, Omar A., Rahi, Jugnoo S., Falchi, Mario, Verhoeven, Virginie J. M., Bailey-Wilson, Joan E., Klaver, Caroline C. W., Duggal, Priya, Klein, Alison, Guggenheim, Jeremy A., Hammond, Chris J., Hysi, Pirro G., the CREAM Consortium, the UK Biobank Eye, Vision Consortium, Wang, Heming, Ophthalmology, Epidemiology, and Clinical Genetics

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Gene Frequency, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Refractive Errors, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Sensory disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 12], Genome-Wide Association Study, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Purpose Genetic variants identified through population-based genome-wide studies are generally of high frequency, exerting their action in the central part of the refractive error spectrum. However, the power to identify associations with variants of lower minor allele frequency is greatly reduced, requiring considerable sample sizes. Here we aim to assess the impact of rare variants on genetic variation of refractive errors in a very large general population cohort. Methods Genetic association analyses of non-cyclopaedic autorefraction calculated as mean spherical equivalent (SPHE) used whole-exome sequence genotypic information from 50,893 unrelated participants in the UK Biobank of European ancestry. Gene-based analyses tested for association with SPHE using an optimised SNP-set kernel association test (SKAT-O) restricted to rare variants (minor allele frequency < 1%) within protein-coding regions of the genome. All models were adjusted for age, sex and common lead variants within the same locus reported by previous genome-wide association studies. Potentially causal markers driving association at significant loci were elucidated using sensitivity analyses by sequentially dropping the most associated variants from gene-based analyses. Results We found strong statistical evidence for association of SPHE with the SIX6 (p-value = 2.15 x 10−10, or Bonferroni-Corrected p = 4.41x10-06) and the CRX gene (p-value = 6.65 x 10−08, or Bonferroni-Corrected p = 0.001). The SIX6 gene codes for a transcription factor believed to be critical to the eye, retina and optic disc development and morphology, while CRX regulates photoreceptor specification and expression of over 700 genes in the retina. These novel associations suggest an important role of genes involved in eye morphogenesis in refractive error. Conclusion The results of our study support previous research highlighting the importance of rare variants to the genetic risk of refractive error. We explain some of the origins of the genetic signals seen in GWAS but also report for the first time a completely novel association with the CRX gene.

Published
2022

14. Investigation of associations between retinal microvascular parameters and albuminuria in UK Biobank: a cross-sectional case-control study

Author

Paterson, Euan N., Cardwell, Chris, MacGillivray, Thomas J., Trucco, Emanuele, Doney, Alexander S., Foster, Paul, Maxwell, Alexander P., McKay, Gareth, Aslam, Tariq, Barman, Sarah, Barrett, Jenny, Bishop, Paul, Blows, Peter, Bunce, Catey, Carare, Roxana, Chakravarthy, Usha, Chan, Michelle, Chianca, Antonietta, Cipriani, Valentina, Crabb, David, Cumberland, Philippa, Day, Alexander, Desai, Parul, Dhillon, Bal, Dick, Andrew, Egan, Cathy, Ennis, Sarah, Fruttiger, Marcus, Gallacher, John, Garway-Heath, David (Ted), Gibson, Jane, Gore, Dan, Guggenheim, Jeremy, Hammond, Chris, Hardcastle, Alison, Harding, Simon, Hogg, Ruth, Hysi, Pirro, Keane, Pearse A., Khaw, Sir Peng Tee, Khawaja, Anthony, Lascaratos, Gerassimos, Lotery, Andrew, Luthert, Phil, MacGillivray, Tom, Mackie, Sarah, Martin, Keith, Morgan, James, Self, Jay, Stratton, Irene, Ophthalmology, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, McKay, Gareth J [0000-0001-8197-6280], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Fundus (eye), lcsh:RC870-923, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, Albuminuria, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Aged, Biological Specimen Banks, business.industry, Case-control study, Retinal Vessels, Retinal, Odds ratio, Diabetic retinopathy, Organ Size, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, United Kingdom, Blood pressure, Cross-Sectional Studies, chemistry, Nephrology, Case-Control Studies, Microvessels, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Cardiology, Female, RE, medicine.symptom, business, Kidney disease, Research Article, RC
Abstract

Background Associations between microvascular variation and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported previously. Non-invasive retinal fundus imaging enables evaluation of the microvascular network and may offer insight to systemic risk associated with CKD. Methods Retinal microvascular parameters (fractal dimension [FD] – a measure of the complexity of the vascular network, tortuosity, and retinal arteriolar and venular calibre) were quantified from macula-centred fundus images using the Vessel Assessment and Measurement Platform for Images of the REtina (VAMPIRE) version 3.1 (VAMPIRE group, Universities of Dundee and Edinburgh, Scotland) and assessed for associations with renal damage in a case-control study nested within the multi-centre UK Biobank cohort study. Participants were designated cases or controls based on urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) thresholds. Participants with ACR ≥ 3 mg/mmol (ACR stages A2-A3) were characterised as cases, and those with an ACR Results Lower FD (less extensive microvascular branching) was associated with a small increase in odds of albuminuria independent of blood pressure, diabetes and other potential confounding variables (odds ratio [OR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.34 for arterioles and OR 1.24, CI 1.05–1.47 for venules). Measures of tortuosity or retinal arteriolar and venular calibre were not significantly associated with ACR. Conclusions This study supports previously reported associations between retinal microvascular FD and other metabolic disturbances affecting the systemic vasculature. The association between retinal microvascular FD and albuminuria, independent of diabetes and blood pressure, may represent a useful indicator of systemic vascular damage associated with albuminuria.

Published
2021

15. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 127 open-angle glaucoma loci with consistent effect across ancestries

Author

Gharahkhani, Puya, Jorgenson, Eric, Hysi, Pirro, Khawaja, Anthony P, Pendergrass, Sarah, Han, Xikun, Ong, Jue Sheng, Hewitt, Alex W, Segrè, Ayellet V, Rouhana, John M, Hamel, Andrew R, Igo, Robert P, Choquet, Helene, Qassim, Ayub, Josyula, Navya S, Cooke Bailey, Jessica N, Bonnemaijer, Pieter WM, Iglesias, Adriana, Siggs, Owen M, Young, Terri L, Vitart, Veronique, Thiadens, Alberta AHJ, Karjalainen, Juha, Uebe, Steffen, Melles, Ronald B, Nair, K Saidas, Luben, Robert, Simcoe, Mark, Amersinghe, Nishani, Cree, Angela J, Hohn, Rene, Poplawski, Alicia, Chen, Li Jia, Rong, Shi-Song, Aung, Tin, Vithana, Eranga Nishanthie, NEIGHBORHOOD consortium, ANZRAG consortium, Biobank Japan project, FinnGen study, UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium, GIGA study group, 23 and Me Research Team, Tamiya, Gen, Shiga, Yukihiro, Yamamoto, Masayuki, Nakazawa, Toru, Currant, Hannah, Birney, Ewan, Wang, Xin, Auton, Adam, Lupton, Michelle K, Martin, Nicholas G, Ashaye, Adeyinka, Olawoye, Olusola, Williams, Susan E, Akafo, Stephen, Ramsay, Michele, Hashimoto, Kazuki, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Akiyama, Masato, Momozawa, Yukihide, Foster, Paul J, Khaw, Peng T, Morgan, James E, Strouthidis, Nicholas G, Kraft, Peter, Kang, Jae H, Pang, Chi Pui, Pasutto, Francesca, Mitchell, Paul, Lotery, Andrew J, Palotie, Aarno, van Duijn, Cornelia, Haines, Jonathan L, Hammond, Chris, Pasquale, Louis R, Klaver, Caroline CW, Hauser, Michael, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Mackey, David A, Kubo, Michiaki, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Craig, Jamie E, MacGregor, Stuart, Wiggs, Janey L, Epidemiology, Ophthalmology, Clinical Genetics, Gharahkhani, Puya [0000-0002-4203-5952], Jorgenson, Eric [0000-0002-5829-8191], Hysi, Pirro [0000-0001-5752-2510], Khawaja, Anthony P [0000-0001-6802-8585], Han, Xikun [0000-0002-3823-7308], Ong, Jue Sheng [0000-0002-6062-710X], Hewitt, Alex W [0000-0002-5123-5999], Rouhana, John M [0000-0002-8599-0271], Igo, Robert P [0000-0002-0024-1993], Choquet, Helene [0000-0001-9839-8667], Josyula, Navya S [0000-0003-2782-8812], Cooke Bailey, Jessica N [0000-0002-4001-8702], Bonnemaijer, Pieter WM [0000-0001-5154-6765], Iglesias, Adriana [0000-0001-5532-764X], Siggs, Owen M [0000-0003-2840-4851], Young, Terri L [0000-0001-6994-9941], Vitart, Veronique [0000-0002-4991-3797], Thiadens, Alberta AHJ [0000-0002-4911-9462], Luben, Robert [0000-0002-5088-6343], Simcoe, Mark [0000-0003-2432-0810], Cree, Angela J [0000-0002-1987-8900], Poplawski, Alicia [0000-0003-2527-0763], Rong, Shi-Song [0000-0001-8352-6363], Vithana, Eranga Nishanthie [0000-0002-8898-0095], Yamamoto, Masayuki [0000-0002-9073-9436], Currant, Hannah [0000-0003-2764-6787], Birney, Ewan [0000-0001-8314-8497], Wang, Xin [0000-0001-7242-357X], Martin, Nicholas G [0000-0003-4069-8020], Olawoye, Olusola [0000-0003-2357-8924], Williams, Susan E [0000-0002-4479-8638], Ramsay, Michele [0000-0002-4156-4801], Kamatani, Yoichiro [0000-0001-8748-5597], Foster, Paul J [0000-0002-4755-177X], Khaw, Peng T [0000-0002-8087-2268], Kraft, Peter [0000-0002-4472-8103], Kang, Jae H [0000-0003-4812-0557], Pasutto, Francesca [0000-0002-0026-5362], Lotery, Andrew J [0000-0001-5541-4305], Haines, Jonathan L [0000-0002-4351-4728], Hammond, Chris [0000-0002-3227-2620], Pasquale, Louis R [0000-0002-5835-3496], Klaver, Caroline CW [0000-0002-2355-5258], Khor, Chiea Chuen [0000-0002-1128-4729], Cheng, Ching-Yu [0000-0003-0655-885X], MacGregor, Stuart [0000-0001-6731-8142], Wiggs, Janey L [0000-0003-1890-3278], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, HUSLAB, HUS Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Aging, genetic structures, General Physics and Astronomy, Glaucoma, PROTEIN, Genome-wide association study, Neurodegenerative, Genome, ANNOTATION, Genome-wide association studies, Sensory disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 12], 0302 clinical medicine, Polymorphism (computer science), Genotype, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, ANZRAG consortium, Aetiology, GENE-EXPRESSION, Genetics, HUMAN-DISEASES, RISK, Multidisciplinary, and Me Research Team, Single Nucleotide, ASSOCIATION, GIGA study group, Biobank Japan project, 3. Good health, PREVALENCE, Open-Angle, Meta-analysis, NEIGHBORHOOD consortium, Optic nerve diseases, Glaucoma, Open-Angle, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Open angle glaucoma, Science, European Continental Ancestry Group, FinnGen study, Biology, GENOTYPE IMPUTATION, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium, Article, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, Asian People, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, 3125 Otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, Polymorphism, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Genetic association, MUTATIONS, Human Genome, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, eye diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic Loci, DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION ANALYSIS, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, sense organs, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), is a heritable common cause of blindness world-wide. To identify risk loci, we conduct a large multi-ethnic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on a total of 34,179 cases and 349,321 controls, identifying 44 previously unreported risk loci and confirming 83 loci that were previously known. The majority of loci have broadly consistent effects across European, Asian and African ancestries. Cross-ancestry data improve fine-mapping of causal variants for several loci. Integration of multiple lines of genetic evidence support the functional relevance of the identified POAG risk loci and highlight potential contributions of several genes to POAG pathogenesis, including SVEP1, RERE, VCAM1, ZNF638, CLIC5, SLC2A12, YAP1, MXRA5, and SMAD6. Several drug compounds targeting POAG risk genes may be potential glaucoma therapeutic candidates., Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is highly heritable, yet not well understood from a genetic perspective. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 34,179 POAG cases, identifying 44 previously unreported risk loci and mapping effects across multiple ethnicities.

Published
2021

16. Integrating Service and Academic Study: Faculty Motivation and Satisfaction in Michigan Higher Education.

Author

Hammond, Chris

Abstract

Reports on a survey questionnaire of 130 Michigan college faculty who incorporate service-learning into academic courses, focusing on faculty motivation, satisfaction, and the intersection of the two. Results indicate significant differences concerning faculty motivation for using service learning, but also commonalities with other findings concerning faculty motivation and satisfaction. Initial motivation to use service-learning and later satisfaction were correlated. (Author/MSE)

Published
1994

17. Clinical and molecular predictors of mortality in neurofibromatosis 2: a UK national analysis of 1192 patients

Author

Hexter, Adam, Jones, Adrian, Joe, Harry, Heap, Laura, Smith, Miriam J, Wallace, Andrew J, Halliday, Dorothy, Parry, Allyson, Taylor, Amy, Raymond, Lucy, Shaw, Adam, Afridi, Shazia, Obholzer, Rupert, Axon, Patrick, King, Andrew T, Friedman, Jan M, Evans, D Gareth R, Burnet, Neil, Donnelly, Neil, Durie-Gair, Juliette, English, Martin, Folland, Nicola, Foweraker, Karen, Harris, Fiona, Harris, Frances, Heney, David, Jeffries, Sarah, Jena, Raj, Knight, Richard, Lamb, Tamara, Macfarlane, Robert, Mannion, Richard, Nicholson, James, Price, Richard, Rands, Ella, Sanghera, Paul, Scoffings, Daniel, Tysome, James, Ferner, Rosalie E, Hammond, Chris, Lascelles, Karine, Nunn, Terry, Saeed, Shakeel, Swampillai, Angela, Thomson, Suki, Walsh, Daniel, Williams, Victoria, Wood, Sue, Anup, Raji, Duff, Chris, Evans, D Gareth, Freeman, Simon R, Howie, Emma, Huson, Susan M, Jarvis, Nicola, Kamaly-Asi, Ian, King, Andrew, Kellett, Mark, Kilday, John-Paul, Lloyd, Simon K, Malluci, Connor, Mawman, Deborah, McBain, Catherine, Mills, Sam, OʼDriscoll, Martin, Patel, Sonia, Perry, Mary, Rutherford, Scott A, Scott-Kitching, Vilka, Stivaros, Stavros M, Thomas, Owen, Vassallo, Grace, Ward, Charlotte L, Blesing, Claire, Cogswell, Lucy, Dalton, Louise, Dodridge, Caroline, Elston, John, Giele, Henk, Hanemann, C Oliver, Howard, Wendy, Johnson, David, Kerr, Richard, Laws, Avianna, Lee, James, Mace, Elle, May, Anne, Milford, Chris, Pretorius, Peter, Ramsden, James, Redman, Caroline, Warner, Nicola, and Wilson, Shaun

Published
2015
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19. Association between dietary niacin and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in healthy eyes of different ages.

Author

Charng, Jason, Ansari, Abdus Samad, Bondonno, Nicola P., Hunter, Michael L., O'Sullivan, Therese A., Louca, Panayiotis, Hammond, Chris J., and Mackey, David A.

Subjects
NIACIN, NICOTINAMIDE, OPTICAL coherence tomography, WATER-soluble vitamins, AGE differences, NERVE fibers, RETINAL artery
Abstract

Background: To investigate the relationship between dietary intake of niacin (water‐soluble form of vitamin B3) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in healthy eyes. Methods: This cross‐sectional study examined the association between daily niacin intake and RNFL thickness in three large population‐based cohorts with varied age differences. RNFL thickness was extracted from optical coherence tomography data; energy‐adjusted niacin intake was estimated from food frequency questionnaires. Linear mixed‐effects models were utilised to examine the association between RNFL thickness and energy‐adjusted niacin intake. Three separate analyses were conducted, with niacin treated as a continuous, a categorical (quartiles) or a dichotomous (above/below Australian recommended daily intake) variable. Results: In total, 4937 subjects were included in the study [Raine Study Gen2, n = 1204, median age 20; Busselton Healthy Ageing Study (BHAS), n = 1791, median age 64; TwinsUK, n = 1942, median age 64). When analysed as a continuous variable, there was no association between RNFL thickness and niacin intake in any of the three cohorts (95% CI β: Raine Study Gen 2, −0.174 to 0.074; BHAS, −0.066 to 0.078; TwinsUK −0.435 to 0.350). Similar findings were observed with quartiles of niacin intake and for niacin intakes above or below Australian recommended daily intake levels in all three cohorts. Conclusions: Dietary intake of niacin from a standard diet does not appear to be associated with age‐related RNFL thinning in healthy eyes. Supraphysiological doses of niacin may be required for therapeutic effect in the retina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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20. Retinal asymmetry in multiple sclerosis

Author

Petzold, Axel, Chua, Sharon Y. L., Khawaja, Anthony P., Keane, Pearse A., Khaw, Peng T., Reisman, Charles, Dhillon, Baljean, Strouthidis, Nicholas G., Foster, Paul J., Patel, Praveen J., Atan, Denize, Aslam, Tariq, Barman, Sarah A., Barrett, Jenny H., Bishop, Paul, Bunce, Catey, Carare, Roxana O., Chakravarthy, Usha, Chan, Michelle, Crabb, David P., Day, Alexander, Desai, Parul, Dhillon, Bal, Dick, Andrew D., Egan, Cathy, Ennis, Sarah, Fruttiger, Marcus, Gallacher, John E. J., Garway-Heath, David F., Gibson, Jane, Gore, Dan, Guggenheim, Jeremy A., Hammond, Chris J., Hardcastle, Alison, Harding, Simon P., Hogg, Ruth E., Hysi, Pirro, Khaw, Sir Peng T., Lascaratos, Gerassimos, Lotery, Andrew J., MacGillivray, Tom, MacKie, Sarah, McGaughey, Michelle, McGuinness, Bernadette, McKay, Gareth J., McKibbin, Martin, Moore, Tony, Morgan, James E., Muthy, Zaynah A., O'Sullivan, Eoin, Owen, Chris G., Patel, Praveen, Paterson, Euan, Peto, Tunde, Rahi, Jugnoo S., Rudnikca, Alicja R., Self, Jay, Sivaprasad, Sobha, Steel, David, Stratton, Irene, Strouthidis, Nicholas, Sudlow, Cathie, Thomas, Dhanes, Trucco, Emanuele, Tufail, Adnan, Vitart, Veronique, Vernon, Stephen A., Viswanathan, Ananth C., Williams, Cathy, Williams, Katie, Woodside, Jayne V., Yates, Max M., Zheng, Yalin, Consortium, UK Biobank Eye and Vision, Gallacher, JE, Neurology, Ophthalmology, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation

Subjects
Male, genetic structures, Youden's J statistic, Optic neuritis, Imaging, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.diagnostic_test, AcademicSubjects/SCI01870, imaging, Middle Aged, Biobank, Female, demyelination, Demyelination, Tomography, Optical Coherence, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Clinical Neurology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Retina, Multiple sclerosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Optical coherence tomography, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, optic neuritis, Research ethics, Community level, Neuromyelitis optica, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, biomarkers, Retinal, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, eye diseases, chemistry, North west, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Optometry, AcademicSubjects/MED00310, RE, Neurology (clinical), sense organs, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers, RC
Abstract

In a large community-based study, Petzold et al. show that optical coherence tomography measures of retinal asymmetry have high diagnostic sensitivity for multiple sclerosis, particularly in younger individuals without relevant comorbidities. The technique should be considered in future revisions of diagnostic criteria., The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is based on a combination of clinical and paraclinical tests. The potential contribution of retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been recognized. We tested the feasibility of OCT measures of retinal asymmetry as a diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis at the community level. In this community-based study of 72 120 subjects, we examined the diagnostic potential of the inter-eye difference of inner retinal OCT data for multiple sclerosis using the UK Biobank data collected at 22 sites between 2007 and 2010. OCT reporting and quality control guidelines were followed. The inter-eye percentage difference (IEPD) and inter-eye absolute difference (IEAD) were calculated for the macular retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) complex and ganglion cell complex. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) comparisons were followed by univariate and multivariable comparisons accounting for a large range of diseases and co-morbidities. Cut-off levels were optimized by ROC and the Youden index. The prevalence of multiple sclerosis was 0.0023 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.00229–0.00231]. Overall the discriminatory power of diagnosing multiple sclerosis with the IEPD AUROC curve (0.71, 95% CI 0.67–0.76) and IEAD (0.71, 95% CI 0.67–0.75) for the macular GCIPL complex were significantly higher if compared to the macular ganglion cell complex IEPD AUROC curve (0.64, 95% CI 0.59–0.69, P = 0.0017); IEAD AUROC curve (0.63, 95% CI 0.58–0.68, P 0.14) with narrow confidence intervals. In conclusion, the OCT macular GCIPL complex IEPD and IEAD may be considered as supportive measurements for multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria in a young patient without relevant co-morbidity. The metric does not allow separation of multiple sclerosis from neuromyelitis optica. Retinal OCT imaging is accurate, rapid, non-invasive, widely available and may therefore help to reduce need for invasive and more costly procedures. To be viable, higher sensitivity and specificity levels are needed.

Published
2021

22. IRF4 variants have age-specific effects on nevus count and predispose to melanorha

Author

Duffy, David L., Iles, Mark M., Glass, Dan, Zhu, Gu, Barrett, Jennifer H., Hoiom, Veronica, Zhao, Zhen Z., Sturm, Richard A., Soranzo, Nicole, Hammond, Chris, Kvaskoff, Marina, Whiteman, David C., Mangino, Massimo, Hansson, Johan, Newton-Bishop, Julia A., Bataille, Veronique, Hayward, Nicholas K., Martin, Nicholas G., Bishop, D. Timothy, Spector, Timothy D., and Montgomery, Grant W.

Subjects
Melanoma -- Genetic aspects, Melanoma -- Demographic aspects, Population genetics -- Research, Sun exposure -- Health aspects, Teenagers -- Genetic aspects, Teenagers -- Physiological aspects, Youth -- Genetic aspects, Youth -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Published
2010

23. Ambient Air Pollution Associations with Retinal Morphology in the UK Biobank

Author

Chua, Sharon Y.L., Khawaja, Anthony P., Dick, Andrew D., Morgan, James, Dhillon, Baljean, Lotery, Andrew J., Strouthidis, Nicholas G., Reisman, Charles, Peto, Tunde, Khaw, Peng T., Foster, Paul J., Patel, Praveen J., Littlejohns, Thomas, Allen, Naomi, Beli, Eleni, Atan, Denize, Aslam, Tariq, Barman, Sarah A., Barrett, Jenny H., Bishop, Paul, Bunce, Catey, Carare, Roxana O., Chakravarthy, Usha, Chan, Michelle, Crabb, David P., Day, Alexander, Desai, Parul, Dhillon, Bal, Egan, Cathy, Ennis, Sarah, Fruttiger, Marcus, Gallacher, John E.J., Garway-Heath, David F., Gibson, Jane, Gore, Dan, Guggenheim, Jeremy A., Hammond, Chris J., Hardcastle, Alison, Harding, Simon P., Hogg, Ruth E., Hysi, Pirro, Keane, Pearse A., Lascaratos, Gerassimos, Macgillivray, Tom, Mackie, Sarah, McGaughey, Michelle, McGuinness, Bernadette, McKay, Gareth J., McKibbin, Martin, Moore, Tony, Morgan, James E., Muthy, Zaynah A., O’Sullivan, Eoin, Owen, Chris G., Paterson, Euan, Petzold, Axel, Rahi, Jugnoo S., Rudnikca, Alicja R., Self, Jay, Sivaprasad, Sobha, Steel, David, Stratton, Irene, Strouthidis, Nicholas, Sudlow, Cathie, Thomas, Dhanes, Trucco, Emanuele, Tufail, Adnan, Vitart, Veronique, Vernon, Stephen A., Viswanathan, Ananth C., Williams, Cathy, Williams, Katie, Woodside, Jayne V., Yates, Max M., and Zheng, Yalin

Subjects
Adult, Male, Retinal Ganglion Cells, medicine.medical_specialty, Retinal layers, air pollution, Air pollution, Nerve fiber layer, Glaucoma, Outer plexiform layer, Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Absorbance, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Nerve Fibers, Retinal Diseases, Ophthalmology, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Outer nuclear layer, Aged, Biological Specimen Banks, Chemistry, Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Retinal, retinal layers, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, GF, SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities, United Kingdom, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cross-Sectional Studies, OCT, Inner nuclear layer, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter, RE, sense organs, Layer (electronics), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate
Abstract

PURPOSE. Because air pollution has been linked to glaucoma and AMD, we characterized the relationship between pollution and retinal structure. METHODS. We examined data from 51,710 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 years old. Ambient air pollution measures included particulates and nitrogen oxides. SD-OCT imaging measured seven retinal layers: retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layer, photoreceptor inner segments, photoreceptor outer segments, and RPE. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate associations between pollutants (per interquartile range increase) and retinal thickness, adjusting for age, sex, race, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, smoking status, and refractive error. RESULTS. Participants exposed to greater particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of CONCLUSIONS. Greater exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, and nitrogen oxides were all associated with apparently adverse retinal structural features.

Published
2020

24. Comparison of Associations with Different Macular Inner Retinal Thickness Parameters in a Large Cohort: The UK Biobank

Author

Khawaja, Anthony P., Chua, Sharon, Hysi, Pirro G., Georgoulas, Stelios, Currant, Hannah, Fitzgerald, Tomas W., Birney, Ewan, Ko, Fang, Yang, Qi, Reisman, Charles, Garway-Heath, David F., Hammond, Chris J., Khaw, Peng T., Foster, Paul J., Patel, Praveen J., Strouthidis, Nicholas, Neurology, Ophthalmology, APH - Mental Health, and APH - Methodology

Subjects
sense organs
Abstract

Purpose: To describe and compare associations with macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCC), and ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses in a large cohort. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: We included 42 044 participants in the UK Biobank. The mean age was 56 years. Methods: Spectral-domain OCT macular images were segmented and analyzed. Corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) was measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (Reichert, Corp., Buffalo, NY). Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations with mean mRNFL, GCC, and GCIPL thicknesses. Factors examined were age, sex, ethnicity, height, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol intake, Townsend deprivation index, education level, diabetes status, spherical equivalent, and IOPcc. Main Outcome Measures: Thicknesses of mRNFL, GCC, and GCIPL. Results: We identified several novel independent associations with thinner inner retinal thickness. Thinner inner retina was associated with alcohol intake (most significant for GCIPL: –0.46 μm for daily or almost daily intake compared with special occasion only or never [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.61–0.30]; P = 1.1×10–8), greater social deprivation (most significant for GCIPL: –0.28 μm for most deprived quartile compared with least deprived quartile [95% CI, –0.42 to –0.14]; P = 6.6×10–5), lower educational attainment (most significant for mRNFL: –0.36 μm for less than O level compared with degree level [95% CI, –0.45 to 0.26]; P = 2.3×10–14), and nonwhite ethnicity (most significant for mRNFL comparing blacks with whites: –1.65 μm [95% CI, –1.86 to –1.43]; P = 2.4×10–50). Corneal-compensated intraocular pressure was associated most significantly with GCIPL (–0.04 μm/mmHg [95% CI, –0.05 to –0.03]; P = 4.0×10–10) and was not associated significantly with mRNFL (0.00 μm/mmHg [95% CI, –0.01 to 0.01]; P = 0.77). The variables examined explained a greater proportion of the variance of GCIPL (11%) than GCC (6%) or mRNFL (7%). Conclusions: The novel associations we identified may be important to consider when using inner retinal parameters as a diagnostic tool. Associations generally were strongest with GCIPL, particularly for IOP. This suggests that GCIPL may be the superior inner retinal biomarker for macular pathophysiologic processes and especially for glaucoma.

Published
2020

25. Associations with photoreceptor thickness measures in the UK Biobank

Author

Chua, Sharon YL, Dhillon, Baljean, Aslam, Tariq, Balaskas, Konstantinos, Yang, Qi, Keane, Pearse A, Tufail, Adnan, Reisman, Charles, Foster, Paul J, Patel, Praveen J, Bishop, Paul, Barman, Sarah A, Barrett, Jenny H, Blows, Peter, Bunce, Catey, Carare, Roxana O, Chakravarthy, Usha, Chan, Michelle, Crabb, David P, Cumberland, Philippa M, Day, Alexander, Desai, Parul, Sudlow, Cathie, Dick, Andrew D, Egan, Cathy, Ennis, Sarah, Fruttiger, Marcus, Gallacher, John EJ, Garway-Heath, David F, Gibson, Jane, Gore, Dan, Guggenheim, Jeremy A, Hammond, Chris J, Hardcastle, Alison, Harding, Simon P, Hogg, Ruth E, Hysi, Pirro, Khaw, Sir Peng T, Khawaja, Anthony P, Lascaratos, Gerassimos, Lotery, Andrew J, Macgillivray, Tom, Mackie, Sarah, Martin, Keith, Mcgaughey, Michelle, Mcguinness, Bernadette, Mckay, Gareth J, Mckibbin, Martin, Mitry, Danny, Moore, Tony, Morgan, James E, Muthy, Zaynah A, O'Sullivan, Eoin, Owen, Chris G, Paterson, Euan, Peto, Tunde, Petzold, Axel, Rahi, Jugnoo S, Rudnicka, Alicja R, Self, Jay, Sivaprasad, Sobha, Steel, David, Stratton, Irene, Strouthidis, Nicholas, Thaung, Caroline, Thomas, Dhanes, Trucco, Emanuele, Vitart, Veronique, Vernon, Stephen A, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Williams, Cathy, Williams, Katie, Woodside, Jayne V, Yates, Max M, Yip, Jennifer, Zheng, Yalin, Tapp, Robyn, Consortium, UK Biobank Eye Vision, Dhillon, Baljean [0000-0001-5993-0278], Foster, Paul J [0000-0002-4755-177X], Patel, Praveen J [0000-0001-8682-4067], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Refractive error, Intraocular pressure, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Epidemiology, Visual Acuity, lcsh:Medicine, Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Cornea, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Science, Biological Specimen Banks, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, Age Factors, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, Eye examination, Female, medicine.symptom, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, General, Intraocular Pressure, Aged, Retinal pigment epithelium, business.industry, lcsh:R, Retinal, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, eye diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Blood pressure, chemistry, Risk factors, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, RE, lcsh:Q, sense organs, business
Abstract

Funder: DH | NIHR | Health Services Research Programme (NIHR Health Services Research Programme); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001923, Spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) provides high resolution images enabling identification of individual retinal layers. We included 32,923 participants aged 40-69 years old from UK Biobank. Questionnaires, physical examination, and eye examination including SD-OCT imaging were performed. SD OCT measured photoreceptor layer thickness includes photoreceptor layer thickness: inner nuclear layer-retinal pigment epithelium (INL-RPE) and the specific sublayers of the photoreceptor: inner nuclear layer-external limiting membrane (INL-ELM); external limiting membrane-inner segment outer segment (ELM-ISOS); and inner segment outer segment-retinal pigment epithelium (ISOS-RPE). In multivariate regression models, the total average INL-RPE was observed to be thinner in older aged, females, Black ethnicity, smokers, participants with higher systolic blood pressure, more negative refractive error, lower IOPcc and lower corneal hysteresis. The overall INL-ELM, ELM-ISOS and ISOS-RPE thickness was significantly associated with sex and race. Total average of INL-ELM thickness was additionally associated with age and refractive error, while ELM-ISOS was additionally associated with age, smoking status, SBP and refractive error; and ISOS-RPE was additionally associated with smoking status, IOPcc and corneal hysteresis. Hence, we found novel associations of ethnicity, smoking, systolic blood pressure, refraction, IOPcc and corneal hysteresis with photoreceptor thickness.

Published
2019

26. Quantile regression analysis reveals widespread evidence for gene-environment or gene-gene interactions in myopia development

Author

Pozarickij, Alfred, Williams, Cathy, Hysi, Pirro G., Guggenheim, Jeremy A., Aslam, Tariq, Barman, Sarah A., Barrett, Jenny H., Bishop, Paul, Blows, Peter, Bunce, Catey, Carare, Roxana O., Chakravarthy, Usha, Chan, Michelle, Chua, Sharon Y.L., Crabb, David P., Cumberland, Philippa M., Day, Alexander, Desai, Parul, Dhillon, Bal, Dick, Andrew D., Egan, Cathy, Ennis, Sarah, Foster, Paul, Fruttiger, Marcus, Gallacher, John E.J., Garway-Heath, David F., Gibson, Jane, Gore, Dan, Hammond, Chris J., Hardcastle, Alison, Harding, Simon P., Hogg, Ruth E., Keane, Pearse A., Khaw, Sir Peng T., Khawaja, Anthony P., Lascaratos, Gerassimos, Lotery, Andrew J., Mac Gillivray, Tom, Mackie, Sarah, Martin, Keith, McGaughey, Michelle, McGuinness, Bernadette, McKay, Gareth J., McKibbin, Martin, Mitry, Danny, Moore, Tony, Morgan, James E., Muthy, Zaynah A., O’Sullivan, Eoin, and Self, Jay

Abstract

A genetic contribution to refractive error has been confirmed by the discovery of more than 150 associated variants in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Environmental factors such as education and time outdoors also demonstrate strong associations. Currently however, the extent of gene-environment or gene-gene interactions in myopia is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that refractive error-associated variants exhibit effect size heterogeneity, a hallmark feature of genetic interactions. Of 146 variants tested, evidence of non-uniform, non-linear effects were observed for 66 (45%) at Bonferroni-corrected significance (P < 1.1 × 10 −4) and 128 (88%) at nominal significance (P < 0.05). LAMA2 variant rs12193446, for example, had an effect size varying from −0.20 diopters (95% CI −0.18 to −0.23) to −0.89 diopters (95% CI −0.71 to −1.07) in different individuals. SNP effects were strongest at the phenotype extremes and weaker in emmetropes. A parsimonious explanation for these findings is that gene-environment or gene-gene interactions in myopia are pervasive.

Published
2019

27. New gene functions in megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation

Author

Gieger, Christian, Radhakrishnan, Aparna, Cvejic, Ana, Tang, Weihong, Porcu, Eleonora, Pistis, Giorgio, Serbanovic-Canic, Jovana, Elling, Ulrich, Goodall, Alison H., Labrune, Yann, Lopez, Lorna M., Mägi, Reedik, Meacham, Stuart, Okada, Yukinori, Pirastu, Nicola, Sorice, Rossella, Teumer, Alexander, Voss, Katrin, Zhang, Weihua, Ramirez-Solis, Ramiro, Bis, Joshua C., Ellinghaus, David, Gögele, Martin, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Langenberg, Claudia, Kovacs, Peter, O’Reilly, Paul F., Shin, So-Youn, Esko, Tõnu, Hartiala, Jaana, Kanoni, Stavroula, Murgia, Federico, Parsa, Afshin, Stephens, Jonathan, van der Harst, Pim, Ellen van der Schoot, C., Allayee, Hooman, Attwood, Antony, Balkau, Beverley, Bastardot, François, Basu, Saonli, Baumeister, Sebastian E., Biino, Ginevra, Bomba, Lorenzo, Bonnefond, Amélie, Cambien, François, Chambers, John C., Cucca, Francesco, D’Adamo, Pio, Davies, Gail, de Boer, Rudolf A., de Geus, Eco J. C., Döring, Angela, Elliott, Paul, Erdmann, Jeanette, Evans, David M., Falchi, Mario, Feng, Wei, Folsom, Aaron R., Frazer, Ian H., Gibson, Quince D., Glazer, Nicole L., Hammond, Chris, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Heckbert, Susan R., Hengstenberg, Christian, Hersch, Micha, Illig, Thomas, Loos, Ruth J. F., Jolley, Jennifer, Tee Khaw, Kay, Kühnel, Brigitte, Kyrtsonis, Marie-Christine, Lagou, Vasiliki, Lloyd-Jones, Heather, Lumley, Thomas, Mangino, Massimo, Maschio, Andrea, Mateo Leach, Irene, McKnight, Barbara, Memari, Yasin, Mitchell, Braxton D., Montgomery, Grant W., Nakamura, Yusuke, Nauck, Matthias, Navis, Gerjan, Nöthlings, Ute, Nolte, Ilja M., Porteous, David J., Pouta, Anneli, Pramstaller, Peter P., Pullat, Janne, Ring, Susan M., Rotter, Jerome I., Ruggiero, Daniela, Ruokonen, Aimo, Sala, Cinzia, Samani, Nilesh J., Sambrook, Jennifer, Schlessinger, David, Schreiber, Stefan, Schunkert, Heribert, Scott, James, Smith, Nicholas L., Snieder, Harold, Starr, John M., Stumvoll, Michael, Takahashi, Atsushi, Tang, Wilson W.H., Taylor, Kent, Tenesa, Albert, Lay Thein, Swee, Tönjes, Anke, Uda, Manuela, Ulivi, Sheila, van Veldhuisen, Dirk J., Visscher, Peter M., Völker, Uwe, Wichmann, Erich H., Wiggins, Kerri L., Willemsen, Gonneke, Yang, Tsun-Po, Hua Zhao, Jing, Zitting, Paavo, Bradley, John R., Dedoussis, George V., Gasparini, Paolo, Hazen, Stanley L., Metspalu, Andres, Pirastu, Mario, Shuldiner, Alan R., Joost van Pelt, L., Zwaginga, Jaap-Jan, Boomsma, Dorret I., Deary, Ian J., Franke, Andre, Froguel, Philippe, Ganesh, Santhi K., Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Martin, Nicholas G., Meisinger, Christa, Psaty, Bruce M., Spector, Timothy D., Wareham, Nicholas J., Akkerman, Jan-Willem N., Ciullo, Marina, Deloukas, Panos, Greinacher, Andreas, Jupe, Steve, Kamatani, Naoyuki, Khadake, Jyoti, Kooner, Jaspal S., Penninger, Josef, Prokopenko, Inga, Stemple, Derek, Toniolo, Daniela, Wernisch, Lorenz, Sanna, Serena, Hicks, Andrew A., Rendon, Augusto, Ferreira, Manuel A., Ouwehand, Willem H., and Soranzo, Nicole

Published
2011
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29. The Relationship Between Ambient Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Glaucoma in a Large Community Cohort

Author

Chua, Sharon YL, Khawaja, Anthony P, Morgan, James, Strouthidis, Nicholas, Reisman, Charles, Dick, Andrew D, Khaw, Peng T, Patel, Praveen J, Foster, Paul J, Atan, Denize, Aslam, Tariq, Barman, Sarah A, Barrett, Jenny H, Bishop, Paul, Bunce, Catey, Carare, Roxana O, Chakravarthy, Usha, Chan, Michelle, Crabb, David P, Day, Alexander, Desai, Parul, Dhillon, Bal, Egan, Cathy, Ennis, Sarah, Fruttiger, Marcus, Gallacher, John EJ, Garway-Heath, David F, Gibson, Jane, Gore, Dan, Guggenheim, Jeremy A, Hammond, Chris J, Hardcastle, Alison, Harding, Simon P, Hogg, Ruth E, Hysi, Pirro, Keane, Pearse A, Lascaratos, Gerassimos, Lotery, Andrew J, Macgillivray, Tom, Mackie, Sarah, McGaughey, Michelle, McGuinness, Bernadette, McKay, Gareth J, McKibbin, Martin, Moore, Tony, Muthy, Zaynah A, O'Sullivan, Eoin, Owen, Chris G, Paterson, Euan, Peto, Tunde, Petzold, Axel, Rahi, Jugnoo S, Rudnikca, Alicja R, Self, Jay, Sivaprasad, Sobha, Steel, David, Stratton, Irene, Sudlow, Cathie, Thomas, Dhanes, Trucco, Emanuele, Tufail, Adnan, Vitart, Veronique, Vernon, Stephen A, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Williams, Cathy, Williams, Katie, Woodside, Jayne V, Yates, Max M, Zheng, Yalin, and Consortium, UK Biobank Eye Vision

Subjects
Adult, Male, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Intraocular pressure, medicine.medical_specialty, optical coherence, genetic structures, Population, Glaucoma, tomography, Tonometry, Ocular, Nerve Fibers, Interquartile range, Air Pollution, Surveys and Questionnaires, Ophthalmology, Humans, Medicine, education, Intraocular Pressure, Aged, Air Pollutants, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Odds ratio, Diabetic retinopathy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, eye diseases, glaucoma, fine particulate matter, Cohort, GCIPL, Female, Particulate Matter, Self Report, sense organs, Visual Fields, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, intraocular pressure
Abstract

PURPOSE: Glaucoma is more common in urban populations than in others. Ninety percent of the world's population are exposed to air pollution above World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits. Few studies have examined the association between air pollution and glaucoma. METHODS: Questionnaire data, ophthalmic measures, and ambient residential area air quality data for 111,370 UK Biobank participants were analyzed. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was selected as the air quality exposure of interest. Eye measures included self-reported glaucoma, intraocular pressure (IOP), and average thickness of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) across nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) retinal subfields as obtained from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. We examined the associations of PM2.5 concentration with self-reported glaucoma, IOP, and GCIPL. RESULTS: Participants resident in areas with higher PM2.5 concentration were more likely to report a diagnosis of glaucoma (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.12, per interquartile range [IQR] increase P = 0.02). Higher PM2.5 concentration was also associated with thinner GCIPL (β = -0.56 μm, 95% CI = -0.63 to -0.49, per IQR increase, P = 1.2 × 10-53). A dose-response relationship was observed between higher levels of PM2.5 and thinner GCIPL (P < 0.001). There was no clinically relevant relationship between PM2.5 concentration and IOP. CONCLUSIONS: Greater exposure to PM2.5 is associated with both self-reported glaucoma and adverse structural characteristics of the disease. The absence of an association between PM2.5 and IOP suggests the relationship may occur through a non-pressure-dependent mechanism, possibly neurotoxic and/or vascular effects.

Published
2019

30. Associations with Corneal Hysteresis in a Population Cohort Results from 96 010 UK Biobank Participants

Author

Zhang, Bing, Shweikh, Yusrah, Khawaja, Anthony P, Gallacher, John, Bauermeister, Sarah, Foster, Paul J, Aslam, Tariq, Barman, Sarah A, Barrett, Jenny H, Bishop, Paul, Blows, Peter, Bunce, Catey, Carare, Roxana O, Chakravarthy, Usha, Chan, Michelle, Chua, Sharon YL, Crabb, David P, Cumberland, Philippa M, Day, Alexander, Desai, Parul, Dhillon, Bal, Dick, Andrew D, Egan, Cathy, Ennis, Sarah, Foster, Paul, Fruttiger, Marcus, Gallacher, John EJ, Garway-Heath, David F, Gibson, Jane, Gore, Dan, Guggenheim, Jeremy A, Hammond, Chris J, Hardcastle, Alison, Harding, Simon P, Hogg, Ruth E, Hysi, Pirro, Keane, Pearse A, Khaw, Sir Peng T, dos Lascaratos, Gerassim, Lotery, Andrew J, Macgillivray, Tom, Mackie, Sarah, Martin, Keith, McGaughey, Michelle, McGuinness, Bernadette, McKay, Gareth J, McKibbin, Martin, Mitry, Danny, Moore, Tony, Morgan, James E, Muthy, Zaynah A, O'Sullivan, Eoin, Owen, Chris G, Patel, Praveen, Paterson, Euan, Peto, Tunde, Petzold, Axel, Rahi, Jugnoo S, Rudnikca, Alicja R, Self, Jay, Sivaprasad, Sobha, Steel, David, Stratton, Irene, Strouthidis, Nicholas, Sudlow, Cathie, Thomas, Dhanes, Trucco, Emanuele, Tufail, Adnan, Vitart, Veronique, Vernon, Stephen A, Viswanathan, Ananth C, Williams, Cathy, Williams, Katie, Woodside, Jayne V, Yates, Max M, Yip, Jennifer, Zheng, Yalin, and Consortium, UKBiobank Eye Vision

Published
2019

31. Cohort profile: Design and methods in the eye and vision consortium of UK Biobank

Author

Chua, Sharon Yu Lin, Thomas, Dhanes, Allen, Naomi, Lotery, Andrew, Desai, Parul, Patel, Praveen, Muthy, Zaynah, Sudlow, Cathie, Peto, Tunde, Khaw, Peng Tee, Foster, Paul J., Zheng, Yalin, Aslam, Tariq, Barman, Sarah A., Barrett, Jenny H., Bishop, Paul, Blows, Peter, Bunce, Catey, Carare, Roxana O., Chakravarthy, Usha, Chan, Michelle, Crabb, David P., Cumberland, Philippa M., Day, Alexander, Dhillon, Bal, Dick, Andrew D., Egan, Cathy, Ennis, Sarah, Fruttiger, Marcus, Gallacher, John E.J., Garway-Heath, David F., Gibson, Jane, Gore, Dan, Guggenheim, Jeremy A., Hammond, Chris J., Hardcastle, Alison, Harding, Simon P., Hogg, Ruth E., Hysi, Pirro, Keane, Pearse A., Khawaja, Anthony P., Lascaratos, Gerassimos, MacGillivray, Tom, Mackie, Sarah, Martin, Keith, McGaughey, Michelle, McGuinness, Bernadette, McKay, Gareth J., Morgan, James E., and Self, Jay

Subjects
genetic structures, sense organs, eye diseases
Abstract

Purpose To describe the rationale, methods and research potential of eye and vision measures available in UK Biobank. Participants UK Biobank is a large, multisite, prospective cohort study. Extensive lifestyle and health questionnaires, a range of physical measures and collection of biological specimens are collected. The scope of UK Biobank was extended midway through data collection to include assessments of other measures of health, including eyes and vision. The eye assessment at baseline included questionnaires detailing past ophthalmic and family history, measurement of visual acuity, refractive error and keratometry, intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal biomechanics, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macula and a disc-macula fundus photograph. Since recruitment, UK Biobank has collected accelerometer data and begun multimodal imaging data (including brain, heart and abdominal MRI) in 100 000 participants. Dense genotypic data and a panel of 20 biochemistry measures are available, and linkage to medical health records for the full cohort has begun. Findings to date A total of 502 665 people aged between 40 and 69 were recruited to participate in UK Biobank. Of these, 117 175 took part in baseline assessment of vision, IOP, refraction and keratometry. A subgroup of 67 321 underwent OCT and retinal photography. The introduction of eye and vision measures in UK Biobank was accompanied by intensive training, support and a data monitoring quality control process. Future plans UK Biobank is one of the largest prospective cohorts worldwide with extensive data on ophthalmic diseases and conditions. Data collection is an ongoing process and a repeat of the baseline assessment including the questionnaires, measurements and sample collection will be performed in subsets of 25 000 participants every 2-3 years. The depth and breadth of this dataset, coupled with its open-access policy, will create a powerful resource for all researchers to investigate the eye diseases in later life.

Published
2019

33. Migratory Connectivity and Nesting Behavior in Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) Based on Light-Level Geolocator Data.

Author

MacCallum, Beth, Paquet, Alice, Bate, Lisa, Hammond, Chris, Smucker, Kristina, Savoy, Lucas, Patla, Susan, and Boyd, W. Sean

Subjects
NEST building, DUCKS, WILDLIFE conservation, ANIMAL sexual behavior, MIGRATORY birds
Abstract

The Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) is a species of conservation priority in western North America. Harlequin Ducks breed in small, isolated populations and have specific nesting requirements. Archival, light-level geolocators are increasingly being used as a low-cost, non-invasive tracking technology to explore migratory connectivity. From 2015-2019, geolocators were deployed on 70 Harlequin Ducks in breeding streams of the Rocky Mountains, Canada and USA, to obtain information on connectivity (breeding to non-breeding), molt-winter sites, dispersal, and breeding phenology. Twenty-two of the 70 geolocators were retrieved from locations in the Rocky Mountains (Alberta, Canada; Montana and Wyoming, USA) and analyzed using the TwGeos and FLightR R packages. Harlequin Ducks from the warmer climate of northwest Montana migrated in spring and started incubation one to two weeks earlier than ducks in west-central Alberta and the greater Yellowstone area. During the non-breeding period, individuals dispersed along the Pacific coast, from Oregon to the Alaskan Panhandle, independent of breeding site. Females that incubated successfully spent 32-34 days incubating, which is several days longer than what is in the literature. Use of geolocators provided detailed information about migration connectivity and breeding behavior in a cost effective and relatively non-invasive manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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34. Zero electron kinetic energy spectroscopy of the para-fluorotoluene cation.

Author

Ayles, Victoria L., Hammond, Chris J., Bergeron, Denis E., Richards, Owen J., and Wright, Timothy G.

Subjects
*ZEKE spectroscopy, *SPECTRUM analysis, *CATIONS, *ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics), *SCISSION (Chemistry), *IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
Abstract

Zero electron kinetic energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy is employed to gain information on the vibrational energy levels of the para-fluorotoluene (pFT) cation. Vibrationally resolved spectra are obtained following excitation through a range of intermediate vibrational energy levels in the S1 state. These spectra allow the observation of different cationic vibrational modes, whose assignment is achieved both from a knowledge of the S1 vibrational states and also by comparison with density functional calculations. In one notable case, clean ZEKE spectra were obtained from two overlapped S1 features. From the authors' data, the adiabatic ionization energy of pFT was derived as 70 946±4 cm-1. The information on the cationic energy levels obtained will be useful in untangling the intramolecular vibrational redistribution dynamics of pFT in the S1 state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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35. A higher abundance of butyrate‐producing taxa in the gut is associated with lower glaucoma prevalence.

Author

Vergroesen, Joëlle, Jarrar, Zakariya, Weiss, Stefan, Frost, Fabian, Kraaij, Robert, Medina‐Gomez, Carolina, Amin, Najaf, van Duijn, Cornelia, Klaver, Caroline, Jürgens, Clemens, Hammond, Chris, and Ramdas, Wishal

Subjects
CLOSTRIDIA, GLAUCOMA, RETINAL diseases, GASTRIC mucosa, REACTIVE oxygen species, GUT microbiome, OPEN-angle glaucoma
Abstract

Aims/Purpose: Glaucoma is an eye disease that is the commonest cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It has been suggested that gut microbiota can produce reactive oxygen species and pro‐inflammatory cytokines that may travel from the gastric mucosa to distal sites, such as the optic nerve head or trabecular meshwork. There is evidence for a gut‐eye axis, as microbial dysbiosis has been associated with retinal diseases. Here, we investigated the association between glaucoma prevalence and the gut microbiome. Moreover, we analysed the association of the gut microbiome with intraocular pressure (IOP; risk factor of glaucoma) and vertical cup‐to‐disc ratio (VCDR; quantifying glaucoma severity). Methods: The discovery analyses included participants of the Rotterdam Study and the Erasmus Glaucoma Cohort. A total of 225 glaucoma patients were matched on age and sex with 1247 participants without glaucoma. Stool samples were collected and used to generate 16S rRNA gene profiles. We assessed associations with 233 taxa. We used data from the TwinsUK and the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) to replicate our findings. The TwinsUK dataset consisted of 32 participants with glaucoma and 1542 unrelated, unmatched participants without glaucoma. The SHIP dataset consisted of a total of 2546 participants. Results: Several butyrate‐producing taxa (e.g., Butyrivibrio, Caproiciproducens, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Coprococcus 1, Ruminococcaceae UCG 007, Shuttleworthia) were associated with lower glaucoma prevalence, lower IOP, and smaller VCDR. The replication analyses confirmed the findings from the discovery analyses. Conclusions: Large human studies exploring the link between the gut microbiome and glaucoma are lacking. Our results support the hypothesis that microbial dysbiosis plays a role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. This research may support future research into the mediating role of butyrate‐producing taxa in the relation between dietary intake and glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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36. Progress in understanding the intramolecular vibrational redistribution dynamics in the S1 state of para-fluorotoluene.

Author

Hammond, Chris J., Ayles, Victoria L., Bergeron, Denis E., Reid, Katharine L., and Wright, Timothy G.

Subjects
*ZEKE spectroscopy, *VIBRATION (Mechanics), *MOLECULAR dynamics, *INTERMOLECULAR forces, *TOLUENE, *ULTRASHORT laser pulses
Abstract

We employ zero-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy with nanosecond laser pulses to study intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) in S1 para-fluorotoluene. The frequency resolution of the probe step is superior to that obtained in any studies on this molecule to date. We focus on the behavior of the 131 (C–CH3 stretch) and 7a1 (C–F stretch) vibrational states whose dynamics have previously received significant attention, but with contradictory results. We show conclusively that, under our experimental conditions, the 7a1 vibrational state undergoes significantly more efficient IVR than does the 131 state. Indeed, under the experimental conditions used here, the 131 state undergoes very little IVR. These two states are especially interesting because their energies are only 36 cm-1 apart, and the two vibrational modes have the same symmetry. We discuss the role of experimental conditions in observations of IVR in some detail, and thereby suggest explanations for the discrepancies reported to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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37. Observation of a simple vibrational wavepacket in a polyatomic molecule via time-resolved photoelectron velocity-map imaging: A prototype for time-resolved IVR studies.

Author

Hammond, Chris J., Reid, Katharine L., and Ronayne, Kate L.

Subjects
*POLYATOMIC molecules, *WAVE packets, *VIBRATION (Mechanics), *TIME-resolved spectroscopy, *TOPOLOGY, *PHOTOELECTRONS
Abstract

We have prepared a coherent superposition of the two components of a Fermi resonance in the S1 state of toluene at ∼460 cm-1 with a ∼1 ps laser pulse and monitored time-resolved photoelectron velocity-map images. The photoelectron intensities oscillate with time in a manner that depends on their kinetic energy, even though full vibrational resolution in the cation is not achieved. Analysis of the time-dependent photoelectron spectra enables information on the composition of the S1 wavepacket to be deduced. Such an experiment, in which a whole set of partially dispersed cation vibrational states are detected simultaneously, suggests an efficient method of studying intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution processes in excited states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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38. Sixteen new lung function signals identified through 1000 Genomes Project reference panel imputation

Author

Wain, Louise V., Miller, Suzanne, Kheirallah, Abdul Kader, Huffman, Jennifer E., Ntalla, Ioanna, Shrine, Nick, Trochet, Holly, McArdle, Wendy L., Alves, Alexessander Couto, Hui, Jennie, Zhao, Jing Hua, Joshi, Peter K., Teumer, Alexander, Albrecht, Eva, Imboden, Medea, Rawal, Rajesh, Lopez, Lorna M., Marten, Jonathan, Enroth, Stefan, Surakka, Ida, Polasek, Ozren, Granell, Raquel, Hysi, Pirro G., Flexeder, Claudia, Mahajan, Anubha, Beilby, John, Brandsma, Corry-Anke, Campbell, Harry, Gieger, Christian, Grallert, Harald, Hammond, Chris J., Harris, Sarah E., Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Henderson, John, Hocking, Lynne, Horikoshi, Momoko, Ingelsson, Erik, Kemp, John P., Kolcic, Ivana, Kumar, Ashish, Lind, Lars, Musk, Arthur W., Navarro, Pau, Nickle, David C., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Raitakari, Olli T., Ried, Janina S., Ripatti, Samuli, Schulz, Holger, Scott, Robert A., Sin, Don D., Starr, John M., Deloukas, Panos, Hansell, Anna L., Hubbard, Richard, Jackson, Victoria E., Marchini, Jonathan, Pavord, Ian, Thomson, Neil C., Zeggini, Eleftheria, Wild, Sarah H., Wright, Alan F., Zemunik, Tatijana, Jarvis, Deborah L., Spector, Tim D., Evans, David M., Vitart, Veronique, Gyllensten, Ulf, Rudan, Igor, Deary, Ian J., Karrasch, Stefan, Probst-Hensch, Nicole M., Heinrich, Joachim, Stubbe, Beate, Wilson, James F., Wareham, Nicholas J., James, Alan L., Morris, Andrew P., Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Hayward, Caroline, Sayers, Ian, Strachan, David P., Hall, Ian P., and Tobin, Martin D.

Subjects
respiratory system, circulatory and respiratory physiology, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract

Lung function measures are used in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In 38,199 European ancestry individuals, we studied genome-wide association of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC with 1000 Genomes Project (phase 1)-imputed genotypes and followed up top associations in 54,550 Europeans. We identify 14 novel loci (P

Published
2015

39. Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging to Assess Skeletal Muscles in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: A Feasibility Study.

Author

Gao, Jing, Memmott, Benjamin, Poulson, Jonathan, Harmon, Bryce, and Hammond, Chris

Subjects
SKELETAL muscle, ULTRASONIC imaging, BICEPS brachii, MULTIPLE sclerosis, INTRACLASS correlation, FEASIBILITY studies
Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of quantitative ultrasound imaging (QUI) in assessing the biceps brachii muscle and gastrocnemius muscle in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: From May to October 2018, we prospectively performed B‐mode ultrasound imaging and ultrasound strain elastography of the biceps brachii muscle and gastrocnemius muscle in 24 patients with MS and 10 age‐matched healthy volunteers. ImageJ (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij) was used to assess the muscle pixel intensity in grayscale images. Using 2‐dimensional speckle‐tracking software, we estimated the muscle axial peak strain (maximum deformation) produced by manual compression with an ultrasound transducer and the muscle longitudinal peak strain (maximum displacement) produced by passive elbow and ankle movements. Muscle QUI parameters used in the study included the mean pixel intensity, axial peak strain ratio (SR = muscle strain/subcutaneous tissue strain), and longitudinal peak SR. Statistical analyses included 1‐way analysis of variance and a post hoc test to examine the differences in QUI parameters among 3 groups (1, affected muscle in patients with MS; 2, unaffected muscle in patients with MS; and 3, healthy muscle in controls) and, in all paired groups, an unpaired t test to compare the muscle SR in patients with MS with a Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score of 1 or higher to those with an MAS score of 0. Results: The mean age of the 24 patients with MS was 43 years, and all patients and volunteers were female. We observed a significant difference in QUI parameters among the affected muscle in MS, unaffected muscle in MS, and healthy muscle in all paired groups and in patients with MS between an MAS score of 1 or higher and an MAS score of 0 (all P < .05). Interobserver and intraobserver variability in performing QUI was good (intraclass correlation coefficients >0.75). Conclusions: Our results suggest that QUI is feasible to assess muscle echogenicity and mechanical behaviors in adult MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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41. Omnichannel inventory optimization: visibility, demand and pricing

Author

Garrett, Tricia, Hammond, Chris, and Knopp, Danny

Subjects
Retail industry -- Economic aspects, Inventories -- Evaluation, Logistics -- Reports, Business, Fashion, accessories and textiles industries
Abstract

In the simplest of terms, inventory optimization means balancing demand and supply by carrying a level of inventory that reduces the possibility of out-of-stocks while simultaneously minimizing the carrying cost [...]

Published
2014

42. New gene functions in megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation

Author

Gieger, Christian Radhakrishnan, Aparna Cvejic, Ana Tang, Weihong Porcu, Eleonora Pistis, Giorgio Serbanovic-Canic, Jovana Elling, Ulrich Goodall, Alison H. Labrune, Yann and Lopez, Lorna M. Maegi, Reedik Meacham, Stuart Okada, Yukinori Pirastu, Nicola Sorice, Rossella Teumer, Alexander and Voss, Katrin Zhang, Weihua Ramirez-Solis, Ramiro Bis, Joshua C. Ellinghaus, David Goegele, Martin Hottenga, Jouke-Jan Langenberg, Claudia Kovacs, Peter O'Reilly, Paul F. Shin, So-Youn Esko, Toenu Hartiala, Jaana Kanoni, Stavroula Murgia, Federico Parsa, Afshin Stephens, Jonathan and van der Harst, Pim van der Schoot, C. Ellen Allayee, Hooman and Attwood, Antony Balkau, Beverley Bastardot, Francois and Basu, Saonli Baumeister, Sebastian E. Biino, Ginevra Bomba, Lorenzo Bonnefond, Amelie Cambien, Francois Chambers, John C. Cucca, Francesco D'Adamo, Pio Davies, Gail de Boer, Rudolf A. de Geus, Eco J. C. Doering, Angela Elliott, Paul and Erdmann, Jeanette Evans, David M. Falchi, Mario Feng, Wei Folsom, Aaron R. Frazer, Ian H. Gibson, Quince D. and Glazer, Nicole L. Hammond, Chris Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa and Heckbert, Susan R. Hengstenberg, Christian Hersch, Micha and Illig, Thomas Loos, Ruth J. F. Jolley, Jennifer Khaw, Kay Tee Kuehnel, Brigitte Kyrtsonis, Marie-Christine Lagou, Vasiliki Lloyd-Jones, Heather Lumley, Thomas Mangino, Massimo Maschio, Andrea Leach, Irene Mateo McKnight, Barbara and Memari, Yasin Mitchell, Braxton D. Montgomery, Grant W. and Nakamura, Yusuke Nauck, Matthias Navis, Gerjan Noethlings, Ute Nolte, Ilja M. Porteous, David J. Pouta, Anneli and Pramstaller, Peter P. Pullat, Janne Ring, Susan M. Rotter, Jerome I. Ruggiero, Daniela Ruokonen, Aimo Sala, Cinzia and Samani, Nilesh J. Sambrook, Jennifer Schlessinger, David and Schreiber, Stefan Schunkert, Heribert Scott, James Smith, Nicholas L. Snieder, Harold Starr, John M. Stumvoll, Michael and Takahashi, Atsushi Tang, W. H. Wilson Taylor, Kent and Tenesa, Albert Thein, Swee Lay Toenjes, Anke Uda, Manuela and Ulivi, Sheila van Veldhuisen, Dirk J. Visscher, Peter M. and Voelker, Uwe Wichmann, H-Erich Wiggins, Kerri L. Willemsen, Gonneke Yang, Tsun-Po Zhao, Jing Hua Zitting, Paavo and Bradley, John R. Dedoussis, George V. Gasparini, Paolo and Hazen, Stanley L. Metspalu, Andres Pirastu, Mario Shuldiner, Alan R. van Pelt, L. Joost Zwaginga, Jaap-Jan Boomsma, Dorret I. Deary, Ian J. Franke, Andre Froguel, Philippe and Ganesh, Santhi K. Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Martin, Nicholas G. and Meisinger, Christa Psaty, Bruce M. Spector, Timothy D. and Wareham, Nicholas J. Akkerman, Jan-Willem N. Ciullo, Marina and Deloukas, Panos Greinacher, Andreas Jupe, Steve Kamatani, Naoyuki Khadake, Jyoti Kooner, Jaspal S. Penninger, Josef and Prokopenko, Inga Stemple, Derek Toniolo, Daniela and Wernisch, Lorenz Sanna, Serena Hicks, Andrew A. Rendon, Augusto Ferreira, Manuel A. Ouwehand, Willem H. Soranzo, Nicole

Abstract

Platelets are the second most abundant cell type in blood and are essential for maintaining haemostasis. Their count and volume are tightly controlled within narrow physiological ranges, but there is only limited understanding of the molecular processes controlling both traits. Here we carried out a high-powered meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in up to 66,867 individuals of European ancestry, followed by extensive biological and functional assessment. We identified 68 genomic loci reliably associated with platelet count and volume mapping to established and putative novel regulators of megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation. These genes show megakaryocyte-specific gene expression patterns and extensive network connectivity. Using gene silencing in Danio rerio and Drosophila melanogaster, we identified 11 of the genes as novel regulators of blood cell formation. Taken together, our findings advance understanding of novel gene functions controlling fate-determining events during megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation, providing a new example of successful translation of GWAS to function.

Published
2011

43. Insurers focusing on preventive care

Author

Hammond, Chris

Subjects
Business, Business, regional
Abstract

RALEIGH - Technology is improving both medical treatments and preventive care. In fact, area health maintenance organizations and health insurers seeking new ways to let members help themselves are finding [...]

Published
1999

47. READERS' LETTERS.

Author

Bennett, Richard, Brown, Terry, Carter, John, Rayner, Harry, Quainton, David, Dawes, Fred, Held, Pat, Hayes, Roger, Arden, Maurice, Dealey, Ray, Page, Tony, Haigh, Robin, Dignan, Alan, Proctor, Tony, Wareham, K A, Harper, Chris, Hammond, Chris, and Harker, Graham

Published
2018

48. A Study of Commercial Nanoparticulate γ-Al2O3 Catalyst Supports.

Author

Rozita, Yahaya, Brydson, Rik, Comyn, Tim P., Scott, Andrew J., Hammond, Chris, Brown, Andy, Chauruka, Sandra, Hassanpour, Ali, Young, Neil P., Kirkland, Angus I., Sawada, Hidetaka, and Smith, Ron I.

Subjects
METAL nanoparticles, ALUMINUM catalysts, METAL powders, SCANNING electron microscopy, CRYSTALLINITY, SURFACE reconstruction
Abstract

This study investigates a range of commercially available γ-Al2O3 powders by using a combination of integrated experimental techniques. These included general measurements of powder properties by using helium density, BET surface area, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. In addition, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements were used to investigate nanoparticle dispersions. Bulk crystal structures were analysed by using comparative X-ray and neutron powder diffraction (XRD and NPD) analyses. Conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine particle morphology, particle size, composition, and structure. Aberration-corrected TEM was used to investigate the crystallinity of nanoparticles including the existence of any surface reconstruction on commonly observed facetted, cubeoctahedral γ -Al2O3 nanoparticles. From the observation of peak splittings in diffraction data, we favour a description of the γ-Al2O3 structure based on a distortion of the conventionally accepted face-centred cubic ( Fd $\bar 3$ m) structure into a tetragonal I41/ amd structure. Distinct differences between TEM, XRD, and NPD data indicate the presence of some cation disorder within a rigid close-packed oxygen framework. The Rietveld refinement of the NPD data suggests a high level of microstrain of 1.2 %. An improvement to the model is achieved by reducing the aluminium content in the unit cell, which is commensurate with the migration of aluminium ions to the surface and some degree of nonstoichiometry in the particle core. Aberration-corrected TEM imaging and exit wave reconstruction confirm previous evidence for the presence of enhanced surface contrast at {1 1 1} surface facets, which we associate with the presence of excess cation termination. In addition, these {1 1 1} facets are observed to be heavily stepped. These results may have important implications for the thermal stability of metal catalyst nanoparticles on these high-surface area supports; the migration of aluminium ions to the surface provides clear evidence of why these materials perform so well as catalyst supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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50. Picosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy as a means of elucidating mechanisms of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution in electronically excited states of small aromatic molecules.

Author

King, Adrian K., Bellm, Susan M., Hammond, Chris J., Reid, Katharine L., Towrie, Michael, and Matousek, Pavel

Subjects
PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy, AROMATIC compounds, MOLECULES, MOLECULAR orbitals, TOLUENE, NUCLEAR excitation
Abstract

Preliminary findings are reported following the detailed analysis of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) in S1 para-fluorotoluene following the excitation of one quantum in the CF stretching mode ?7. It is shown that the method proposed has the potential to enable not only the determination of a rate constant for IVR, but also the identification of the dark states into which energy has redistributed. In addition energy flow has been observed from a bright state (11 1 ) previously thought to be below the onset for IVR in this molecule, and evidence of mode-specificity in the IVR process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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