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Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) and its human transport with food chain is a major environmental issue worldwide. The research was based on a pot experiment conducted on fifteen durum wheat cultivars, grown on acid soil pH 5.2. The effect of application of two different lime form (lime1=CaO; Calcium oxide and lime2=CaCO3; limestone) and on shoot dry weight and shoot concentrations of cadmium (Cd). Durum wheat cultivars were grown in strongly acid soil pH 5.2 treated with control (lime0), lime1 (CaO3 g kg-1 soil), lime2 (5.36 g CaCO3) and Cd (5 and 10 mg kg-1 soil) and harvested after 62 days of growth under greenhouse conditions. Durum wheat cultivars without lime fertilization caused decrease in shoot growth, in all durum wheat cultivars and at high Cd treatment. On the other hand, application of lime to the soil resulted in an increase in dry matter yield at both Cd5 and Cd10 doses. While average shoot dry matter yield of lime0 conditions of cadmium 10 dose was 47 mg plant-1, this yield increased to 120 mg plant-1 in lime1 application and to 111 mg plant-1 in lime2 application. Shoot Cd concentrations of durum wheat varieties caused a statistically significant decrease with lime1 and lime2 applications, whereas lime0 and lime2 applications of Cd5 dose caused 46% and 30% decrease in average Cd concentrations, respectively. The results indicated that all durum wheat cultivars were more susceptible to both without lime and Cd toxicity as compared to lime treatment. Cadmium toxicity in the shoot was relieved by lime1 and lime2 treatment. The results indicate that lime protects plants from Cd toxicity in durum wheat cultivars.

Abstract Background The study was conducted to determine the nutrient composition and gossypol levels of glandless cottonseed (GCS), glandless cottonseed kernel (GCSK) glandless cottonseed meal (GCSM) and cottonseed kernel meal (GCSKM) obtained by cold pressing of cotton seeds and kernels (Glandless Nazilli variety) as a raw material of compound feed industry. Result Feed and dry matter (DM)-based nutrient analyses showed significant differences (p

Athletes have to cope not only with their opponents but also with many psychological factors for success. The aim of this study is to test the validity and reliability of the "Challenge And Threat In Sport Scale” developed by Rossato, Uphill, Swain and Coleman (2018) for Turkish culture. The psychometric properties of the scale were tested on 75 female (27.3%) and 200 male (72.7%), total 275 (average age= 17.91±2.82) athletes. There are a total of 12 items and 2 subscales in the original of the Challenge And Threat In Sport Scale. To test the construct validity of the scale in Turkish culture, explatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was applied. Internal consistency co-efficients were calculated for each subscale of the measurement tool. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, it was seen that the Turkish version of the scale, as in the original scale, consisted of 11 items and 2 subscales: "challenge" and "threat". It was fastened down that the factor loads of the items that make up the scale varied between .40 and .81. According to the confirmatory factor analysis results, it was calculated as χ2 / df = 2.64, GFI = .94, AGFI = .90, CFI = .94, IFI = .94, SRMR = .07 and RMSEA = .07. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients of the scale were calculated as .84 for the "threat" subscale and .80 for the "challenge" subscale. As a result, it can be said that the psychometric properties of "Turkish Challenge And Threat In Sport Scale" is an adequate measurement tool to evaluate the challenge and threat levels of competing athletes in various branches.

Introduction: Various graft materials have been used in the tympanoplasty technique. Cartilage grafts are being used increasingly in recent years. Objective: The aim of this study was to present the comparative outcomes of the perichondrium-preserved palisade island graft technique previously defined by ourselves. Methods: We retrospectively compared the hearing and graft success rates in 108 patients with chronic otitis media, who had undergone cartilage tympanoplasty, where both island and perichondrium-preserved palisade graft techniques were used. Results: The success rates among the study and the control groups with regard to graft take were 97% and 93%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the groups with regard to the postoperative mean pure tone values, improvement in air-bone gaps and reduction in air-bone gaps to under 20 dB. However, better results were observed in the study group. Conclusion: The perichondrium-preserved palisade island graft technique is an easy method with high graft success rates and hearing outcomes.

Bu çalışma, Tokat/Erbaa ve Tokat/Kazova lokasyonlarında tarla koşullarında 2017 yılında topraktan artan dozlarda (0, 3, 6 ve 9 kg da-1) MgSO4 uygulamalarının Xanthi 81 tütün çeşidinin yaprak verimi, kalitesi ile yaprağın bazı kimyasal (Mg, S, N, K, P, nikotin, şeker, klorogenik ve rutin konsantrasyonu) içeriklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş olup, hasat olgunluğuna gelen yapraklar üç elde hasat edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, artan dozlarda MgSO4 uygulaması ile Erbaa ve Kazova lokasyonlarında yetiştirilen tütün çeşidinin yaprak veriminde artışlar meydana gelmiştir. Yaprak veriminde ortaya çıkan artış en fazla MgSO4’ın 6 kg da-1 dozunda görülmüş ve bu artış Erbaa lokasyonunda %22, Kazova lokasyonunda ise %6,4 düzeyinde olmuştur. Artan MgSO4 uygulamaları ile yaprak Mg ve S konsantrasyonlarında istatiksel olarak önemli artışlara neden olduğu, en fazla artışın yaprak veriminde olduğu gibi MgSO4’ın 6 kg da-1 dozunda olduğu görülmüştür. Tütün için çok önemli bir alkaloid bileşeni olan nikotin konsantrasyonu MgSO4 uygulaması ile her iki lokasyonda da azalmıştır. Sonuçlar, artan dozlarda MgSO4 uygulamalarının tütün yaprağının veriminde artışa neden olduğu, yaprak Mg ve S konsantrasyonlarında artışa, nikotin konsantrasyonlarında ise azalmaya neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

The study aimed to analyze the leadership behaviors of sports faculty students according to gender, age and class variables and to make suggestions for the development of leadership behaviors of students according to the results of the research. The sample of the study consisted of 499 students (Nfemale = 196; Nmale = 303) who were selected according to the random sampling method and volunteered for the study. The “Leadership Behaviors Scale", developed by Ekvall and Arvonen (1991) and adapted to Turkish by Tengilimoğlu (2005), was used to determine the leadership behaviors of students participating in the research. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 22 with Mann Whitney U, Kruskall Walliss and Spearman Correlation tests. According to the research findings, it was observed that the sports faculty students have high leadership behavior levels and female students displayed higher levels of leadership behavior in production-oriented leadership behaviors than male students. Besides, it was found that 3th and 4th class students had higher levels of production and change-oriented leadership behaviors than those who were in their first two years of education. Lastly, older students exhibited higher levels of production and change-oriented leadership behaviors than younger students.

Each branch of sports has its system, rules to be complied with, competition area, and forms. Adopting a sport and wanting to do it requires accepting all its rules from the beginning, obeying them, not opposing them, and defending them. Excessive desire to win which has been created in athletes for various reasons, or existing in the athlete's personality, affects the athlete's departure from sportive morality. The present study aimed to investigate sportspersonship behavior and moral disengagement in the sport of athletes who participated in international sports organizations. The quantitative method was used in the research. Relational screening model, which is one of the general survey models, was used for the purpose. The study group consisted of 164 national athletes who were selected according to non-random sampling methods (criterion sampling method). In order to examine the levels of disengagement from morality in sport, the "The Moral Disengagement in Sport Scale" developed by Boardley and Kavussuan (2008) and adapted to Turkish culture by Gürpınar (2015) was used. The "Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientation Scale-Msos" developed by Vallerand et al. (1997) and adapted to Turkish by Sezen-Balçikanlı (2010) was used for the study of sportsmanship levels. Demographic variables such as gender, age, educational status, income status, the place where most of his life and sports year were analyzed, and no significant differences were found between disengagement from morality in sport and sportsmanship variables as a result of the analyses. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between disengagement from morality in sport and sportsmanship views of individuals. According to the results, sportsmanship behaviors reduced as the levels of disengagement from morality increased. It can be said that the participants generally depend on the responsibilities and social norms in the sport and respect the rules and management. Even though it belongs to the sub-dimension of respect to the lowest average rivals, it was considered positive if it exceeds the average level.

Kurşun (Pb), belirli eşik konsantrasyonları aştığında insanlar, hayvanlar ve bitkiler için tehlikeli olan bir ağır metaldir. Tütün bünyesinde yüksek konsantrasyonlarda kurşun biriktirebilen bir bitkidir. Kurşun alımında tütün genotipleri arasındaki farklılıklar ve bitkilerin kurşuna verdikleri henüz cevap açıkça belirlenmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Pb dozlarının (Pb 0; 0,25; 2,5 ve 10 mg kg-1) iki farklı tütün çeşidinin (Xanthi/2A ve Nail) biyomas (kök ve yeşil aksam) üretimi, Pb konsantrasyonu ve mikro besin konsantrasyonları üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Kontrollü koşullar altında yetiştirilen tütün çeşitlerine artan Pb dozları ile birlikte temel makro (N, P ve K) ve mikro (Fe ve Zn) besin elementleri verilmiştir. İki farklı tütün çeşidinde biomas üretimi (kök ve yeşil aksam kuru madde verimi), yeşil aksam Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn ve Cu konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Artan dozlarda Pb uygulaması ile çeşitlerin kuru madde verimi önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Kök ve yeşil aksamda ortaya çıkan azalmaya karşın, artan dolarda kurşun uygulamaları ile tütün çeşitlerinin yeşil aksam kurşun konsantrasyonlarında istatiksel olarak önemli artışlara neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Artan dozlarda Pb uygulaması ile tütün çeşitlerinin yeşil aksam Zn, Fe, Mn ve Cu konsantrasyonlarında istatiksel olarak önemli artış ve azalışlara neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak en yüksek kurşun dozunda dahi Nail ve Xanthi/2A tütün çeşitlerinin yeşil aksamında 1,0 mg kg-1’ın altında Pb konsantrasyonuna sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna rağmen kurşun ile kirlenmiş topraklarda yetişen tütün çeşitleri ile yapılan tütün mamulleri insanlar içim risk teşkil etmektedir.

Feedstock type is the most dominant factor influencing the physical characteristics and chemical composition of biochar. The main purpose of this study was to characterize and compare some of the physical and chemical properties of biochars produced by slow pyrolysis of 18 feedstocks, which are locally available agricultural residues. Moreover, elucidating the potential agronomic benefits of these biochars was the other objective of the study. Biochars were produced at 500 oC in an ingeniously developed reactor. The biochars were characterized for specific surface area (SSA), field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), plant available water content (AW), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), plant available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations. Considerable variation of characteristics among biochars indicates the dominant impact of feedstock type on physical properties and chemical composition of biochars. Total C contents were highly variable with values up to 91.9% for pine sawdust. Phosphorus and K in feedstocks were concentrated in the biochars and were two to four times higher in the biochars. The CEC of biochars varied from 79.5 cmol kg-1 (pepper residues) to 5.77 cmol kg-1 (poplar sawdust). The CEC and SSA had a significant negative correlation (P

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of zinc (Zn), which is a common nutritional problem for both plant and human health, on corn and wheat plants. In the research carried out in greenhouse conditions, Zn (Zn0: 0 mg Zn kg-1, Zn5: 5 mg Zn kg-1) was applied to Çukurova and Niğde soils having a natural Zn deficiency and yield and mineral nutrient concentrations of wheat and corn plants were determined. Shoot dry matter yields of wheat and corn plants in both soils significant increased by Zn application. Zinc application caused to 20 and 76% shoot dry matter yield increase for wheat in Çukurova and Niğde soils. The increase in corn pants were greater which was 174% in Çukurova soil and 127% in Niğde soil. The Zn concentration was significantly increased with the increased shoot dry matter yield, while shoot Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations were decreased with Zn applications.

Tuzluluk, bitki yetiştiriciliğini kısıtlayan, dünyada ve Türkiye’de özellikle kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde görülen, bitkisel verimi sınırlandıran ve geniş alanların tarım dışı kalmasına neden olan ciddi bir tarımsal problemdir. Dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde bitki yetiştiriciliğinde ortaya çıkan bor (B) noksanlığı ülkemizde de önemli bir beslenme problemidir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda, B noksanlığı altında tuz stresinin yol açtığı zararın arttığı bildirilmiştir. Türkiye'nin en önemli yemeklik yağ bitkilerinden biri olan ayçiçeğinin B noksanlığına en duyarlı bitkilerden biri olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada ayçiçeğinde tuz zararının etkisinin azaltılması üzerine B uygulamasının etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla su kültüründe tuzlu ve tuzsuz koşullarda artan oranlarda B uygulaması altında iki ayçiçeği genotipi denenmiştir. Denemede bitkilerin kök ve yeşil aksam kuru madde verimi, B konsantrasyonu ve K/Na ve Ca/Na oranları belirlenmiştir. Denemeden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kontrol uygulamasına göre tuz ilavesinin yeşil aksam kuru madde verimini azalttığı, buna karşılık B uygulamalarının ise kontrol uygulamasına göre kuru madde verimini görülmüştür. Bitkinin tuz zararını gidermede B’un belirgin bir rolünün olmadığı ve tuzlu koşullarda bitkinin B alım düzeyinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlara ilave olarak B noksanlığına ve tuz toksisitesine karşı dayanıklılıkta ayçiçeği genotipleri arasında farklılıkların olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yüksek Cd konsantrasyonuna sahip toprağa çinko (Zn) uygulamaları ile ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğdayın Cd alımına olan etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışma sera koşullarında Zn noksanlığına sahip kireç içeriği yüksek bir toprakta tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede Cd uygulamaları 0 (Cd 0) ve 10 (Cd10) mg kg-1 Cd dozlarında uygulanmıştır. Çinko uygulamaları ise topraktan 0 (Zn 0) ve 10 (Zn 10) mg kg-1 Zn ile toprak + yapraktan (Zn10+3Y; Zn10+8Y) olacak şekilde yapılmıştır. Yapraktan Zn uygulamalarına sapa kalkma döneminde başlanmış ve haftada 1 defa olmak üzere 3 ve 8 defa yapraktan %0,1 dozunda ZnSO4.7H2O uygulaması yapılmıştır. Bitkiler tane olgunluk döneminde hasat edilmiş ve tanelerde Zn ve Cd konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlardan topraktan ve toprak+yapraktan Zn uygulamaları ile ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğdayların tane Zn konsantrasyonlarında önemli artışların olduğu görülmüştür. Toprağa Cd uygulaması ile Karacadağ çeşidine göre Harran-95 çeşidinin tanesinde daha fazla Cd birikimi olduğu görülmüştür. Karacadağ çeşidinin kontrol koşullarında 31 μg kg-1 olan Cd konsantrasyonu, Cd 10 koşullarında 3.616 μg kg-1’e, Harran çeşidinin ise 70 μg kg-1 tane Cd konsantrasyonu Cd10 koşullarında 8.434 μg kg-1’e yükseldiği görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, toprak, toprak + yapraktan Zn uygulamaları, makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinin tane Cd konsantrasyonlarını önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır. Haran-95 çeşidinin Cd 10 koşullarında 8.434 μg kg-1 olan tane Cd konsantrasyonu, Zn10 koşullarında 6.464 μg kg-1’a, Zn10+3Y koşullarında 7.932 μg kg-1’a, Zn10+8Y koşullarında ise 6.745 μg kg-1’a düşmüştür. Sonuçlardan makarnalık buğday çeşidinin ekmeklik buğday çeşidine göre topraktan daha fazla Cd aldığı görülmüştür. Bunun yanında topraktan ve yapraktan Zn uygulamaları ile makarnalık buğday çeşidinin Cd alımında daha fazla azalma olduğu görülmüştür.

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is an important mineral nutrient problem that restricts the crop yield especially that of the cereals grown in calcareous soils. This study was carried out with the aim of testing the sensitivity of various cereal species consisting of bread (BDME-10, Bezostaja), durum (Kızıltan Ç-1252) and rye (Aslım) to Zn deficiency. In experiments carried out under greenhouse conditions plants were grown at two different Zn doses (Zn 0 and Zn 5 mg kg-1). When the plants were 44 days old, Zn deficiency symptoms were observed and scored for the severity of Zn deficiency according to 1-5 scale and the plants were harvested. With respect to the severity of Zn deficiency symptoms, the most severe symptoms were observed in the C-1252 (1.0) and Bezostaja (2.0) varieties while the least mild symptoms were observed in varieties of Aslım (4.0) and Kızıltan (3.0). A distinctive increase in shoot dry matter yield has been realized with Zn application which was highest in Ç-1252 (78.8%) and BDME-10 (52.5%) varieties. Greatly differential responses have been seen to Zn deficiency among cereal species and varieties within the same species. Symptomatically and with respect to dry matter yield while durum wheat was affected severely from Zn deficiency, bread wheat was affected moderately and rye has been seen to be affected least. According to the severity of Zn deficiency symptoms and plant growth cereals which are the subject of experiment have shown a rank as as Ç1252> BDME-10> Kızıltan> Bezostaya> Aslım.

Demir (Fe) noksanlığı dünyada bitkilerde ve insanlarda görülen önemli bir beslenme problemidir. Bu sorun aynı zamanda Türkiye’de de yaygın bir beslenme problemi olup ayçiçeği, önemli derecede verim ve kalite kayıplarına yol açan Fe noksanlığına duyarlı bir tür olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada farklı ayçiçeği genotiplerinin Fe noksanlığına karşı duyarlılığı test edilmiştir. Çalışmada, bitki materyali olarak, TR-6149-SA, TR-3080 ve 6480 genotipleri kullanılmıştır. Bitkiler, Fe’siz (0 µmol Fe) ve Fe (100 µmol Fe) içeren su kültürü yetiştirme ortamında test edilmiştir. Deneme sonunda bitkilerde simptom derecesi, SPAD değeri, klorofil konsantrasyonu, yeşil aksam kuru madde verimi, Fe-redüktaz enzim aktivitesi, yeşil aksam Fe konsantrasyonu ve büyüme ortamının pH değeri ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar ayçiçeği bitkisinin Fe noksanlığını etkileyen en önemli faktörlerin Fe alımı ve Fe-redüktaz aktivitesi olduğunu göstermiştir. Çeşitlerin Fe noksanlığına karşı toleransta önemli rolü olan köklerin Fe redüktaz enzim aktivitesinin TR-3080 nolu genotipde Fe noksanlığı koşullarında diğer genotiplerden daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, uygulanan değişik Fe konsantrasyonlarına karşı genotiplerin tepkilerinin önemli derecede farklılık gösterdiği ve Fe noksanlığına karşı tolerant genotiplerin belirlenmesinde Fe redüktaz enzim aktivitesinin önemli rol oynayabileceği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Narince üzüm çeşidine (Vitis Vinifera L) üç farklı form (amonyum nitrat, amonyum sülfat, üre) ve 4 farklı dozda (kontrol, 5, 10 ve 15 kg/da N) azot uygulamalarının taze asma yaprak verimine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. 2012 vejetasyon periyodunda kordon şeklinde terbiye edilmiş asmalar bir veya iki göz üzerinden (24 göz/asma) dekara 5000 göz olacak şekilde şarj edilmiştir. Azotun dört farklı dozu bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak asmalara uygulanmıştır. Salamuralık genç asma yaprakları beş dönemde hasat edilmiş ve taze yaprak verimi (kg/da) belirlenmiştir. Hasat edilen yaprak örneklerinde gübre formlarının yaprak verimi üzerine etkisi istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Taze asma yaprak verimi 312,4 kg/da (Kontrol) ile 437,1 kg/da (Amonyum nitrat 10 kg N/da) arasında değişmiştir. Azot dozları arttıkça asma yaprağı verimi de artmıştır. Azot uygulaması taze yaprak verimini yaklaşık %30 artırmıştır. Deneme sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek asma yaprağı verimi 10 kg N/da uygulamasından alınmıştır. Amonyum nitrat uygulamaları ile diğer gübre formlarından daha yüksek yaprak verimi elde edildiği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Plant sterols are belong to triterpenes family of natural products which includes more than 200 different types of plant sterols and more than 4000 other types of triterpenes. The optimization of method, specially the derivatization step as well as the corresponding analytical validation, is the main goal of this study. The optimum temperature, time and reagent volume of derivatization step were obtained at 60°C, 60 minutes and 50 µL, respectively. A rapid and sensitive gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for quantitative analysis of the most common plant sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol) in 20 Turkish bread wheat cultivars using GC-MS-SIM. Separation of β-cholestanol (I.S), campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol was achieved on Rxi (5Sil MS) column (60 m×0.25 mm). The limits of detection for β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol were 0.074, 0.054 and 0.064 mg kg-1, respectively with RSD ≤ 0.66%. The obtained concentrations of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol from 20 Turkish bread wheat cultivars ranged from: 15.30 to 76.02, 4.27 to 23.23 and 303.21 to 682.66 mg kg-1, respectively.

Effects of pre-harvest aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, 250 mg L–1) and zinc (0.3% ZnSO4) treatments on pre-harvest fruit drops, internal ethylene concentration (IEC), flesh firmness, color characteristics (L*, chroma and hue angle), soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, flesh and leaf micronutrients and macronutrients of ‘William’s Pride’ apples, were investigated in this study. AVG was sprayed 4 weeks before the anticipated harvest date and Zn was sprayed when the fruits reached the size of a walnut. As compared to the control, both the single AVG and zinc treatments significantly reduced the pre-harvest drops. However, combined AVG + Zinc treatments were found to be more effective in reducing the pre-harvest drops. At the last measurement date (15th of August), 60% fruit drop was measured in control, but 22% in AVG + Zinc treatment. AVG and AVG + Zinc treatments reduced ethylene synthesis. On the other hand, single zinc treatments stimulated ethylene synthesis. AVG treatments retarded red skin color development, but zinc treatments again stimulated red color development. As compared to the control and single zinc treatments, AVG-treated fruits had greater firmness and acidity values, but lower SSC values. While AVG treatments increased the total phenolics and antioxidant activity, zinc treatments decreased these attributes. As compared to the control, zinc treatments significantly increased flesh Cu, N, P and K contents and leaf Mn, N and P contents. Based on present findings, it was concluded that AVG could be used as an efficient tool to reduce the pre-harvest drops in apples.

Deficiency of sulphur (S) is an important limiting factor of plant growth for sustainable agricultural production. The decline in sulphur dioxide emission, decrease in S-containing fertilizer consumption due to the high cost of S-fertilizers, breeding of new high yielding species are the well known causes of S-deficiency. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of several doses of K2SO4-S, CaSO4-S and elemental-S applied on growth, shoot dry matter yield, S and N concentrations of wheat cultivar. The experiments were conducted in three soils differed from available S concentrations. Effects of different S-treatments (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg S kg-1) and S-forms had significant effects on shoot dry matter yields of plants. Sulphur from different S-sources did not increase shoot S-concentrations in Eskisehir and Konya soils, but increase was significant obtained in the Harran soil. Shoot S-concentration in Harran soil for zero K2SO4 treatment was 0.09%, the values were 0.22, 0.26 and 0.27% respectively for 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 treatments. The results indicated significant effects of S-treatments on plant growth and yield mostly based on soil properties, especially the available S-levels

The maize germplasm variation is valuable for breeders to develop elite hybrids with increased mineral contents in the maize grain to eliminate mineral malnutrition, which is referred as HIDEN HUNGER. Therefore, we aimed to determine mineral element diversity of maize landraces collected from different geographical regions of Turkey. There was huge diversity for all mineral traits and other quality traits. Turkish maize landraces showed high variation for Zn (17-41.34 mg kg-1), Fe (13.52-29.63 mg kg-1), Cu (0.77-3.34 mg kg-1), Mn (5.68-14.78 mg kg-1), Protein (6.6-11.6%), starch content (73.3-80.0%), oil content (3.15-4.7%) and thousand grain weight (177.0-374.9g). There were significant positive and negative associations among mineral elements and quality traits. The principal component analysis differentiated some maize landraces from the rest, and these diverse landraces could be used in the maize breeding program with biofortification purpose.

The present study was conducted in 2014 vegetation season in a vineyard of Giresun Hazelnut Research Institute. Isabella (Vitis labrusca L.) grape cultivar were treated with four different boric acid (H3BO3) doses (control, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%) at two different periods (a week before and after full-bloom). The effects of foliar boron treatments on yield, quality and leaf nutrients were investigated. Boric acid treatments positively influenced cluster weight, width and volumes and increasing values were observed with increasing boron doses. Boric acid treatments also influenced berry homogeneity and yielded more homogeneous appearance. Chlorophyll contents increased with increasing boron treatments. The greatest yield, cluster length, cluster volume, cluster size, cluster width, berry width and leaf area were obtained from 0.3% boric acid treatments. In general, leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper concentrations increased, but potassium and iron concentrations decreased with increasing boron doses. As compared to control treatment, all treatments had broader leaf sizes and higher chlorophyll contents. Especially 0.3% boric acid treatments had quite positive influences on quality, size and color homogeneity. Considering the nutrients and pH level of experimental soils, it was concluded that foliar nutrient treatments may support plant growth and development and 0.3% boric acid treatments were recommended for high quality and quantity yields in Isabella grape cultivar.

Head and neck cancer imaging is especially necessary for staging. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the techniques frequently used for this purpose. These methods are valuable for displaying detailed anatomical structures; however, they may be inadequate for making the distinction between recurrence, residual tumor, fibrosis, and normal tissues with an altered anatomy after treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and for the detection of metastases. From this point, positron emission tomography may be a promising imaging method. Scanning the entire body with a single method is an important advantage of positron emission tomography. It may be useful in the detection of synchronous tumors, which are a serious problem in head and neck cancers. Positron emission tomography may provide additional contribution for neck metastases, where the primary site is unknown and is undetectable by other imaging techniques.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the planned writing model on the writing anxiety, self-efficacy and Turkish course achievement of those learning Turkish as a foreign language. For this purpose, a 6- week planned writing model was applied in the research. The study group of the research consisted of 32 students studying at a public university in Ankara and taking a B2 level Turkish education course for foreigners. The data of the study were collected through the "Writing Anxiety Scale for Those Learning Turkish as a Foreign Language" developed by Sen and Boylu (2017) and the "Writing Skill Self-Efficacy Scale for Foreigners Learning Turkish as a Second Language" developed by Büyükikiz (2012). According to the findings, there was a significant difference in writing anxiety and writing skills self-efficacy scores by gender variable, while no difference was found by regular reading in native language. In addition, it was observed that the planned writing model had a positive effect on students' writing anxiety, writing skills self-efficacy and level achievement in favour of the post-test.

Increasing the amount of bioavailable mineral elements in plant foods would help to improve the nutritional status of populations in developing countries. Legume seeds have the potential to provide many essential nutrients. It is important to have information on genetic variations among different lentil populations so that plant breeding programs can use new varieties in cross-breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to characterize the micro- and macronutrient concentrations of lentil landraces seeds collected from South-Eastern Turkey. We found impressive variation in the micro- and macroelement concentrations in 39 lentil landraces and 7 cultivars. We investigated the relationships of traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The concentrations of several minerals, particularly Zn, were positively correlated with other minerals, suggesting that similar pathways or transporters control the uptake and transport of these minerals. Some genotypes had high mineral and protein content and potential to improve the nutritional value of cultivated lentil. Cross-breeding of numerous lentil landraces from Turkey with currently cultivated varieties could improve the levels of micro- and macronutrients of lentil and may contribute to the worldwide lentil quality breeding program.

Turkish language course in Turkish higher education is compulsory for all programs. Being taught for two semesters, this course has started to be given in many universities through distance education in recent years. This new situation brings about the problem as to whether there is a relationship between attitude towards distance education and attitude towards Turkish language lesson. It was aimed in this study to examine and compare the attitudes of university students who take Turkish Language courses through distance education towards this course and distance education system in terms of various variables. In this descriptive research, a survey model was used to obtain data. The study group consists of the 181 freshmen attending a state university located in the south of Turkey and taking Turkish language lessons in the 2018-2019 academic year. Data were collected with attitude scales whose validity and reliability was tested. Difference tests between means were performed in data analysis. It was concluded in the study that the attitude of undergraduate freshman students towards Turkish Language course and distance education is above average, but not very high. It can also be foreseen according to findings of this study that university students' attitudes towards Turkish language course will improve as their attitudes towards distance education increase.

The aim of this research is to examine the effects of the coaches' emotional labor behavior on emotional burnout and turnover intention. The research group consists of 201 coaches actively working in various sports centers in Ankara province. Personal information form consisting of demographic questions, "Emotional Labor Scale", "Burnout Scale" and "Turnover Intention Scale" were used as data collection tools. In the research, after the normality test; Spearman Correlation and Multiple Regression analysis were performed on the data. The demographic information of the group participating in the study is given as a percentage table. According to the findings, as the knowledge and skill of the coach increases, emotional burnout, surface acting and turnover intention show decrease. At the same time, the increase of Professional success of the coaches causes emotional burnout, desensitization, surface acting and the turnover intention. It has been observed that the role of coaches, whose professional achievements have increased, has increased natural acting levels, but it has been determined that the role of deep acting has no effect on the turnover intention. As a conclusion, it was observed that burnout and turnover intention may decrease as the level of knowledge and skill increases in coaches. In addition, it was determined that surface acting behavior was not preferred by experienced coaches and mostly natural emotions were used.

The aim of this research is to determine the causes of redundant purchasing behavior of university students and the effects of social media usage on redundant purchasing behavior. Quantitative research method is used in the research and relational screening model is preferred. "Social media addiction" and "sustainable consumption behavior scale" were used in the research. The research group consists of 221 men and 181 women in total, 402 students who studying at Ankara University Faculty of Sport Sciences. In the research, the pre-control of the data was provided and the distribution of normality was examined primarily. From the parametric tests to the data that appear to provide normal distribution; t-Test, One-Way Anova and Correlation tests were applied. According to the findings, it was found that women had a high redundant purchase behavior compared to men. It has been determined that the use of credit cards increases redundant purchases in students and affects daily life. It was observed that unrestrained shopping perception is high among students who are not licensed athletes. As the high income students' redundant purchasing behavior is high, as the time spent on social media increases, social media addiction and redundant purchasing behavior also increase. As a conclusion, it is observed that consumption behaviors are closely related to social media addiction and sustainable consumption behaviors. The suggestions of the findings obtained were tried to be given in the research, including future research.

The technological developments that have directed 21st century skills have brought new content and dimension to narrative by integrating story narration, one of the earliest verbal narrative skills of mankind, with digital technology. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of web-based digital story preparation on the literacy self-efficacy perceptions of Turkish teacher candidates in the digital media using pre-test, post-test, experimental-control group and semi-experimental design. A total of 60 teacher candidates, including 30 experimental groups and 30 control groups attending to the Teaching Principles and Methods Course in Mersin University Education Faculty Turkish Education Department participated in the study in 2016-2017 academic year. The research data were collected by the "Digital Media-Oriented Literacy Self-Efficacy Scale" developed by the researchers. As a result of the study, Digital Media-Oriented Literacy Self-Efficacy levels were observed to increased in both groups. However, a statistically significant difference was found only between pre-test and post-test scores of the self-efficacy perceptions of the Turkish teacher candidates who prepared a web-based digital story in the cooperative learning approach. It is suggested regarding the results of the study that in other studies, digital storytelling approach can be utilized by taking into consideration the content of both field and cultural courses, and also that researchers can investigate the effects of digital storytelling in terms of various variables.

The present study aims to analyze high school students' attitudes towards physical education and sports class. "Attitude Scale of High School First Graders towards Physical Education and Sports" was used in order to measure the participants' attitudes towards physical education and sports class at high school. The scale consists of 12 positive and 12 negative items. The population of the present study includes Mentese district of Mugla province in Turkey. The sample of the study includes a total of 219 students, i.e., 90 female and 129 male students, studying at a high school in the same district. Non-parametric tests were used to determine whether the obtained data displayed a normal distribution. Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the present study was calculated as 0.934, which can be considered as an excellent value for the study. Mann-Whitney-U test results related to the participants' attitudes towards physical education and sports in terms of gender demonstrated that female students displayed a significantly more positive attitude towards the class compared to male students. Kruskal-Wallis test results related to the participants' attitudes towards physical education and sports in terms of gender demonstrated that first-graders displayed a significantly more positive attitude towards the class compared to the third-graders. In addition, Mann-Whitney-U test results demonstrated that the participants who did regular sports displayed a significantly more positive attitude compared to those who did not do any sports. Finally, it was found that the students who did not do any sports and third-graders displayed a negative attitude towards physical education and sports class.

Problem Statement: Writing is important in secondary schools because it underpins the performance of students in most examinations. Writing disposition, which specifically deals with the aspects of students' attitudes toward writing, has also been studied by some researchers. Purpose of the Study: This study reports on the result of a study on the writing anxiety and writing disposition of Turkish students from different socio-economic status backgrounds studying at public secondary schools. Determining whether there is a significant difference between the secondary school students' scores from writing anxiety and writing disposition constitutes the research problem of this study. Method: This descriptive study uses a correlational survey model. The participants included 707 students from grade five through eight, who attended two different tests: the Writing Apprehension Scale and Writing Disposition Scale. Findings: The results showed that three of the six variables under study (gender, attitude toward Turkish language courses, and grade level) were statistically significant for the Writing Apprehension test. Additionally, four out of six variables analyzed were statistically significant for the Writing Disposition test. A positive linear relationship between writing anxiety and writing disposition levels was found. Apparently, the more students liked Turkish course, the more anxious they became; a significant difference was found for the variable "positive attitude toward Turkish courses" for both scales. The results also showed that female students are more likely to encounter writing anxiety than male students. Conclusion and Recommendations: The severity of writing anxiety should be dealt with carefully as it can prevent students from becoming competent writers. The link between writing anxiety and writing disposition proposed in this article further explores the advantages and disadvantages of these two aspects of writing. It is recommended that writing anxiety be studied in different contexts because further understanding the reasons for anxiety when students produce qualified writing can be elaborated in this way.

Abstract Introduction: Crooked or deviated nose is a deviation of the nose from the straight vertical position of the face. Extensive pneumatization of the middle turbinate, also called concha bullosa or bullous middle turbinate (BMT) is known to be one of the possible etiologic factors in nasal obstruction, recurrent sinusitis, and headache. There is no study concerning a link between BMT and crooked nose. Objective: To investigate the association between crooked nose and the presence of a BMT. Methods: A total of 199 patients who underwent open septorhinoplasty were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative paranasal Computerized Tomography (CT) findings, preoperative photodocumentation, and anterior rhinoscopic examination findings were documented. Of the 199 patients, 169 were found to meet the criteria and were included in the study. CT scans were examined to note the presence of BMT, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, and septum deviation (SD). SDs and crooked noses were classified. Results: Ninety-four of 169 patients (56%) presented a crooked nose deformity and seventy-five of 169 patients (44%) presented a straight nose. While 49 (52%) crooked nose patients had a bulbous and extensive BMT, 20 patients with straight nose (26.6%) had a BMT. A statistically significant relationship was found between the presence of crooked nose and BMT, regardless of the side of the disease (p = 0.011). Conclusion: This study revealed a link between crooked nose and BMT.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of drilling during mastoidectomy on otolithic organ functions and development of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo using objective vestibular tests. Materials and methods: The study included 45 adult patients diagnosed with chronic otitis media who underwent mastoidectomy with drilling. Pre-operative and post-operative assessments included tests for subjective visual vertical deviation and videonystagmography. Results: Subjective visual vertical deviation was significantly higher in post-operative periods. On the third day, the subjective visual vertical deviation was at its maximum (1.4 degrees). Post-operatively, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was detected in 14 patients (31.1 per cent). The most common type was ipsilateral lateral canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (57.1 per cent). Conclusion: The effect of drilling on otolithic organ functions in mastoidectomy seems to be temporary and subclinical; however, it potentially could be a risk factor for the development of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of mental toughness levels on the psychological resilience and mental well‐being levels of hearing impaired and non‐hearing impaired athletes and the extent of the difference between hearing impaired and non‐hearing impaired athletes. The study group of the research consisted of 121 hearing impaired and 127 non‐hearing‐impaired athletes who continue their active sports life in Turkey. Convenience sampling method for non‐hearing‐impaired athletes and snowball sampling method for hearing impaired athletes were used for data collection. Data was collected online with Google Forms. In the study, structural equation modelling was conducted with Smart PLS program. In Model A, the direct effect of mental toughness on mental well‐being and resilience was determined. Model B showed that mental toughness directly affected mental well‐being and resilience. Mental toughness has a direct effect on psychological resilience and mental well‐being of hearing‐impaired athletes and non‐hearing‐impaired athletes. In addition, the mental toughness, psychological resilience and mental well‐being levels of hearing‐impaired athletes are higher than those of non‐hearing‐impaired athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantitative suppression rate of positional nystagmus (PN) by ocular fixation (OF) is unknown. This study aims to analyse the effect of OF on the slow phase velocity (SPV) of PN during diagnostic positional manoeuvres (DPMs) with videonystagmography in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). DPMs were performed on 58 patients with BPPV, 33 (56.9%) of whom were women. OF was initiated when PN was most evident, and recording was continued. The mean SPV of three consecutive nystagmus before (F0) and after (F1) OF initiation was calculated. The rate of suppression of PN by OF was found in percent with the formula (F0 – F1) x 100/F0. 58 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 56.1 ± 11.2 (range 27–76). F0 and F1 values were calculated as 5.742 ± 5.589 and 1.948 ± 3.424 degrees/second, respectively (p < 0.001). The rate of suppression of PN by OF was found to be 66.1%. OF significantly suppresses PN during DPMs in BPPV patients. Elimination of OF during DPMs is important for accurate diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]