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Durante la última dictadura militar argentina se prohibió trabajar en medios de comunicación a un amplio grupo de personas: desde actores, pasando por técnicos, hasta periodistas. Los objetivos del artículo son reconstruir los antecedentes y el contexto de la lista negra de medios, así como analizar su proceso de constitución, lógica y dinámica represiva. El trabajo fue realizado a partir de la consulta combinada de tres archivos de la represión, del uso de recortes prensa y de la realización de entrevistas. La investigación colabora con la profundización del conocimiento sobre la violencia estatal en el período y con la problematización de la importancia de los medios en el proyecto autoritario dictatorial. A partir del análisis, se propone diferenciar conceptualmente la prohibición de trabajo en medios de la censura de obras, a partir de proponer que las listas negras apuntaron a objetivos cualitativamente diferentes y más profundos de disciplinamiento o destrucción de la subjetividad de las personas que participaban del campo de la comunicación y la cultura.

Determining associations between intestinal bacteria and continuously measured physiological outcomes is important for understanding the bacteria-host relationship but is not straightforward since abundance data (compositional data) are not normally distributed. To address this issue, we developed a fully Bayesian linear regression model (BRACoD; Bayesian Regression Analysis of Compositional Data) with physiological measurements (continuous data) as a function of a matrix of relative bacterial abundances. Bacteria can be classified as operational taxonomic units or by taxonomy (genus, family, etc.). Bacteria associated with the physiological measurement were identified using a Bayesian variable selection method: Stochastic Search Variable Selection. The output is a list of inclusion probabilities ([Formula: see text]) and coefficients that indicate the strength of the association ([Formula: see text]) for each bacterial taxa. Tests with simulated communities showed that adopting a cut point value of [Formula: see text] ≥ 0.3 for identifying included bacteria optimized the true positive rate (TPR) while maintaining a false positive rate (FPR) of ≤ 5%. At this point, the chances of identifying non-contributing bacteria were low and all well-established contributors were included. Comparison with other methods showed that BRACoD (at [Formula: see text] ≥ 0.3) had higher precision and a higher TPR than a commonly used center log transformed LASSO procedure (clr-LASSO) as well as higher TPR than an off-the-shelf Spike and Slab method after center log transformation (clr-SS). BRACoD was also less likely to include non-contributing bacteria that merely correlate with contributing bacteria. Analysis of a rat microbiome experiment identified 47 operational taxonomic units that contributed to fecal butyrate levels. Of these, 31 were positively and 16 negatively associated with butyrate. Consistent with their known role in butyrate metabolism, most of these fell within the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. We conclude that BRACoD provides a more precise and accurate method for determining bacteria associated with a continuous physiological outcome compared to clr-LASSO. It is more sensitive than a generalized clr-SS algorithm, although it has a higher FPR. Its ability to distinguish genuine contributors from correlated bacteria makes it better suited to discriminating bacteria that directly contribute to an outcome. The algorithm corrects for the distortions arising from compositional data making it appropriate for analysis of microbiome data.

Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of the most important wood sources, and it is cultivated in tropical regions with a significant market around the world. Abiotic stresses are an increasingly common and worrying environmental phenomenon because it causes production losses in both agriculture and forestry. Plants adapt to these stress conditions by activation or repression of specific genes, and they synthesize numerous stress proteins to maintain their cellular function. For example, APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) was found to be involved in stress signal transduction. A search in the teak transcriptome database identified an AP2/ERF gene named TgERF1 with a key AP2/ERF domain. We then verified that the TgERF1 expression is rapidly induced by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), NaCl, and exogenous phytohormone treatments, suggesting a potential role in drought and salt stress tolerance in teak. The full-length coding sequence of TgERF1 gene was isolated from teak young stems, characterized, cloned, and constitutively overexpressed in tobacco plants. In transgenic tobacco plants, the overexpressed TgERF1 protein was localized exclusively in the cell nucleus, as expected for a transcription factor. Furthermore, functional characterization of TgERF1 provided evidence that TgERF1 is a promising candidate gene to be used as selective marker on plant breeding intending to improve plant stress tolerance.

NAC transcription factors play critical roles in xylem secondary development and in regulation of stress response in plants. NAC proteins related to secondary cell wall development were recently identified and characterized in Tectona grandis (teak), one of the hardwood trees of highest economic importance in the world. In this work, we characterized the novel TgNAC01 gene, which is involved in signaling pathways that mediate teak response to stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) increases TgNAC01 expression in teak plants. Therefore, this gene may have a role in signaling events that mediate ABA-dependent osmotic stress responsive in this plant species. Stable expression in tobacco plants showed that the TgNAC01 protein is localized in the cell nucleus. Overexpression of TgNAC01 in two out three independent transgenic tobacco lines resulted in increased growth, leaf senescence and salt tolerance compared to wild type (WT) plants. Moreover, the stress tolerance of transgenic plants was affected by levels of TgNAC01 gene expression. Water potential, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were used to determine salt stress tolerance. The 35S:TgNAC01-6 line under 300 mM NaCl stress responded with a significant increase in photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration and carboxylation efficiency, but lower water potential compared to WT plants. The data indicate that the TgNAC01 transcription factor acts as a transcriptional activator of the ABA-mediated regulation and induces leaf senescence.

Resumo: Introdução: A ecografia intravascular coronária tem ganhado importância nos laboratórios de hemodinâmica pela evidência de impacto prognóstico positivo para os doentes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo caraterizar a utilização de ecografia intravascular em intervenções coronárias percutâneas em Portugal. Métodos: Estudo observacional retrospetivo com base no Registo Nacional de Cardiologia de Intervenção da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. De 2002 a 2016 caraterizou‐se o perfil clínico e angiográfico dos doentes submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea, a percentagem de utilização de ecografia intravascular e as artérias coronárias avaliadas. Resultados: Foram incluídas 118 706 intervenções coronárias percutâneas, com utilização de ecografia intravascular em 2266 (1,9%). A evolução temporal caraterizou‐se por ausência em 2002 e uma utilização maioritariamente crescente de 2003 (0,1%) a 2016 (2,4%). O grupo de doentes com utilização de ecografia intravascular coronária tinha idade semelhante ao grupo de doentes sem utilização de ecografia intravascular coronária, com uma menor prevalência de doentes do sexo masculino e uma maior prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovasculares (hipertensão arterial, hipercolesterolemia, diabetes), enfarte agudo do miocárdio prévio, intervenção coronária percutânea prévia, doença coronária multivaso, lesões coronárias do tipo C ou em bifurcação e reestenose intra‐stent. A ecografia intravascular foi utilizada em 54,8% das intervenções coronárias percutâneas eletivas e em 19,15% das intervenções coronárias percutâneas do tronco comum. Conclusão: A ecografia intravascular coronária teve uma utilização crescente em Portugal desde 2003, ocorre preferencialmente em intervenções coronárias percutâneas eletivas, de doentes com maior risco cardiovascular, com lesões coronárias mais complexas e lesões do tronco comum. Abstract: Introduction: Coronary intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is increasingly important in catheterization laboratories due to its positive prognostic impact. This study aims to characterize the use of IVUS in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Portugal. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed based on the Portuguese Registry on Interventional Cardiology of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology. The clinical and angiographic profiles of patients who underwent PCI between 2002 and 2016, the percentage of IVUS use, and the coronary arteries assessed were characterized. Results: A total of 118 706 PCIs were included, in which IVUS was used in 2266 (1.9%). Over time, use of IVUS changed from none in 2002 to generally increasing use from 2003 (0.1%) to 2016 (2.4%). The age of patients in whom coronary IVUS was used was similar to that of patients in whom IVUS was not used, but in the former group there were fewer male patients, and a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes), previous myocardial infarction, previous PCI, multivessel coronary disease, C‐type or bifurcated coronary lesions, and in‐stent restenosis. IVUS was used in 54.8% of elective PCIs and in 19.15% of PCIs of the left main coronary artery. Conclusion: Coronary IVUS has been increasingly used in Portugal since 2003. It is used preferentially in elective PCIs, and in patients with higher cardiovascular risk, with more complex coronary lesions and lesions of the left main coronary artery. Palavras‐chave: Ecografia intravascular, Intervenção coronária percutânea, Doença coronária, Cardiologia, Keywords: Intravascular ultrasound, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Coronary disease, Cardiology

Polyamines (PAs) are natural aliphatic amines involved in many physiological processes in almost all living organisms, including responses to abiotic stresses and microbial interactions. On other hand, the family Leguminosae constitutes an economically and ecologically key botanical group for humans, being also regarded as the most important protein source for livestock. This review presents the profuse evidence that relates changes in PAs levels during responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in model and cultivable species within Leguminosae and examines the unreviewed information regarding their potential roles in the functioning of symbiotic interactions with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizae in this family. As linking plant physiological behavior with “big data” available in “omics” is an essential step to improve our understanding of legumes responses to global change, we also examined integrative MultiOmics approaches available to decrypt the interface legumes-PAs-abiotic and biotic stress interactions. These approaches are expected to accelerate the identification of stress tolerant phenotypes and the design of new biotechnological strategies to increase their yield and adaptation to marginal environments, making better use of available plant genetic resources.

Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate the impact of thrombus aspiration (TA) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI) in ‘real-world’ settings. Methods We performed a retrospective study, using data from the National Registry of Interventional Cardiology (RNCI 2006–2012, Portugal) with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with P-PCI. The primary outcome, in-hospital mortality, was analysed through adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results We assessed data for 9458 STEMI patients that undergone P-PCI (35% treated with TA). The risk of in-hospital mortality with TA (aOR 0.93, 95%CI:0.54–1.60) was not significantly decreased. After matching patients through the propensity score, TA reduced significantly the risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 0.58, 95%CI:0.35–0.98; 3500 patients). Conclusions The whole cohort data does not support the routine use of TA in P-PCI, but the results of the propensity-score matched cohort suggests that the use of selective TA may improve the short-term risks of STEMI.

Folate and choline are interconnected metabolically. The MTHFD1 R653Q SNP is a risk factor for birth defects and there are concerns that choline deficiency may interact with this SNP and exacerbate health risks. 80–90% of women do not meet the Adequate Intake (AI) for choline. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of choline deficiency on maternal one-carbon metabolism and reproductive outcomes in the MTHFD1-synthetase deficient mouse (Mthfd1S), a model for MTHFD1 R653Q. Mthfd1S+/+ and Mthfd1S+/− females were fed control (CD) or choline-deficient diets (ChDD; 1/3 the amount of choline) before mating and during pregnancy. Embryos were evaluated for delays and defects at 10.5 days gestation. Choline metabolites were measured in the maternal liver, and total folate measured in maternal plasma and liver. ChDD significantly decreased choline, betaine, phosphocholine, and dimethylglycine in maternal liver (p < 0.05, ANOVA), and altered phosphatidylcholine metabolism. Maternal and embryonic genotype, and diet-genotype interactions had significant effects on defect incidence. Mild choline deficiency and Mthfd1S+/− genotype alter maternal one-carbon metabolism and increase incidence of developmental defects. Further study is required to determine if low choline intakes contribute to developmental defects in humans, particularly in 653QQ women.

Immune measures and the fecal bacterial community were examined in female Biobreeding rats housed in wire bottom cages (wire) or in solid bottom cages containing hardwood chips (bedding). Housing did not affect food intake, weight gain, fecal output or fibre content, serum liver enzymes, or spleen and mesenteric lymph node immune cell populations. Bedding-housed rat feces were enriched in phylotypes aligning within the phylum Firmicutes (families Lactobacillaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae) and had a 2-fold lower content of phylotypes aligning within the phylum Bacteroidetes. Feces from bedding-housed rats also contained significantly more acetic acid and less propionic, isobutyric, valeric and isovaleric acids than those housed on wire. Bedding-housed rats had significantly higher splenic concentrations of interleukin-4 (P

Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: Foi nosso objetivo reportar a evolução da angioplastia coronária no tratamento do enfarte agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (EAMCST), entre 2002‐2013. Métodos: Os dados prospetivos multicêntricos do Registo Nacional de Cardiologia de Intervenção (RNCI) e os dados oficiais da Direção Geral de Saúde (DGS) foram conjugados para estudar os procedimentos no EAMCST entre 2002 e 2013. Resultados: Em 2013 realizaram‐se 3524 angioplastias primárias (ICP‐P), representando um crescimento de 315% relativamente ao ano de 2002. Em 2002 a ICP‐P representava 16% do total de angioplastias coronárias, passando a representar 25% nos anos de 2012‐2013. Entre 2002‐2013 o número de procedimentos por milhão de habitantes aumentou de 106 para 338 e a angioplastia de recurso decresceu de 70,7 para 2%. Durante o período em análise, a utilização de stents eluidores de fármaco cresceu de 9,9 para 69,5%. Após 2008, observou‐se uma utilização crescente da trombectomia de aspiração, atingindo 46,7% em 2013. Os inibidores das glicoproteínas IIb/IIIa registaram um decréscimo no seu uso, sendo de 73,2% em 2002 e de 23,6% em 2013. O acesso radial cresceu de 8,3% em 2008 até 54,6% em 2013. Conclusões: Durante o período em análise, a taxa de angioplastia coronária por milhão de habitantes triplicou. A angioplastia de recurso foi ultrapassada pela angioplastia primária a partir de 2006. Observaram‐se novas tendências no tratamento do enfarte agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, salientando‐se a utilização de stents eluidores de fármacos e o acesso radial. Abstract: Introduction and Objectives: The aim of the present paper was to report trends in coronary angioplasty for the treatment of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Portugal. Methods: Prospective multicenter data from the Portuguese National Registry of Interventional Cardiology (RNCI) and official data from the Directorate‐General for Health (DGS) were studied to analyze percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures for STEMI from 2002 to 2013. Results: In 2013, 3524 primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p‐PCI) procedures were performed (25% of all procedures), an increase of 315% in comparison to 2002 (16% of all interventions). Between 2002 and 2013 the rate increased from 106 to 338 p‐PCIs per million population per year. Rescue angioplasty decreased from 70.7% in 2002 to 2% in 2013. During this period, the use of drug‐eluting stents grew from 9.9% to 69.5%. After 2008, the use of aspiration thrombectomy increased, reaching 46.7% in 2013. Glycoprotein IIb‐IIIa inhibitor use decreased from 73.2% in 2002 to 23.6% in the last year of the study. Use of a radial approach increased steadily from 8.3% in 2008 to 54.6% in 2013. Conclusion: During the reporting period there was a three‐fold increase in primary angioplasty rates per million population. Rescue angioplasty has been overtaken by p‐PCI as the predominant procedure since 2006. New trends in the treatment of STEMI were observed, notably the use of drug‐eluting stents and radial access as the predominant approach. Palavras‐chave: Registo, Cardiologia de intervenção, Enfarte do miocárdio, Coronariografia, Angioplastia primária, Stent, Keywords: Registry, Interventional cardiology, Myocardial infarction, Coronary angiography, Primary angioplasty, Stent

Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: Foi nosso objetivo estudar as tendências da intervenção coronária percutânea entre 2004‐2013 e comparar Portugal com outros países europeus. Métodos: Análise dos procedimentos coronários efetuados entre 2004‐2013 com base num registo prospetivo, multicêntrico, voluntário, doente a doente – Registo Nacional de Cardiologia de Intervenção (RNCI) da Associação Portuguesa de Intervenção Cardiovascular da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia (APIC‐SPC) – e dos dados oficiais publicados pela Direção Geral de Saúde (DGS). Resultados: Em 2013 realizaram‐se 36 810 cateterismos diagnósticos (3529 coronariografias por milhão de habitantes), representando um aumento significativo de 34% relativamente ao ano de 2007 (p

La osteopontina (OPN) es la proteína no colágena que más abunda en la matriz ósea. Cumple funciones de adhesión celular y biomineralización de la matriz extracelular. En el presente trabajo se informa la localización temporal y espacial de la OPN durante la reparación de defectos óseos ortopédicos tratados con matriz ósea desmineralizada (MOD). Se emplearon 30 conejos a los que se les practicó un defecto óseo ortopédico de tamaño crítico en uno de sus radios. Los defectos se rellenaron con MOD obtenida según protocolo previamente informado. Los conejos fueron sacrificados en grupos de 5 a los 7, 15, 21, 30, 120 y 150 días de los cuales se recuperaron los defectos para identificar las estructuras histológicas y establecer la inmunomarcación espacial y temporal de OPN. Se realizaron cortes histológicos de los defectos que se tiñieron con hematoxilina y eosina (HE) e inmunomarcaron según técnica inmunohistológica. Los cortes inmunomarcados se observaron en un microscopio óptico de donde se capturaron imágenes histológicas a 20X para analizarlas con el software ImageJ y establecer la densidad óptica (DO) y densidad óptica integrada (DOI). Los datos se analizaron con un test ANOVOA y LSD Fisher. A los 7 días se observó la presencia de OPN solo en las partículas de MOD donde la DO: 0,109 y DOI: 3587,043; a los 15 días OPN marcaba distintos sitios de condensaciones colágenas y células en su interior. En este período DO fue 0,096 y la DOI: 10593,08. A los 21 y 30 días OPN señalaba trabéculas óseas, osteocitos, osteoblastos, osteoclastos y condrocitos hipertróficos inmediatos a las zonas de osificación, la DO fue 0,134 y DOI 14.639,7. A los 120 y 150 días OPN se encontraba uniformemente distribuida por la matriz del hueso nuevo con una DO: 0,0104; DOI: 4160,96 y DO: 0,081 y DOI 8878,9 respectivamente. Las DO y DOI mostraron diferencias significativas (p=0,05) entre los 7, 15, 21 y 30 días y no existió diferencia a los días 120 y 150 días (p=0,05). OPN se halló presente en las partí- culas de MOD e incrementó las densidades ópticas a los 15, 21 y 30 días como producto del metabolismo celular posibilitando la adhesión celular y luego interviniendo en la biomineralización.

Introdução: A síndrome de MELAS (encefalomiopatia mitocondrial, acidose láctica e episódios semelhantes a acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é um distúrbio hereditário mitocondrial no qual o mecanismo fisiopatológico das lesões cerebrais ainda não está totalmente esclarecido. Tradicionalmente estas lesões são descritas como apresentando valores de coeficiente de difusão aparente (ADC) elevados ou normais, o que tem sido usado para as diferenciar dos AVC isquémicos. Apesar disso, nos últimos anos surgiram inúmeros relatos de restrição à difusão nas lesões cerebrais desta entidade clínica. Objectivos: Análise das alterações de difusão em ressonâncias magnéticas (RM) seriadas realizadas ao longo de 16 meses, num doente com síndrome de MELAS e lesões cerebrais semelhantes a AVC, no sentido de por à prova as perspectivas controversas acerca dos valores de ADC publicadas nos últimos anos. Avaliação das alterações da espectroscopia protónica nas lesões cerebrais e parênquima aparentemente normal. Metodologia: Foram realizadas quatro RM cerebrais, abrangendo dois episódios semelhantes a AVC, num doente do sexo masculino, 28 anos, com síndrome de MELAS (mutação do DNA mitocondrial A3243G). Análise qualitativa das imagens obtidas por RM, incluindo espectroscopias single voxel e mapas de ADC, com análise dos padrões evolutivos destes últimos. Resultados: As RM realizadas precocemente durante os dois episódios semelhantes a AVC, revelaram regiões de restrição à difusão coexistindo com áreas de aumento do ADC. Na fase crónica observou-se regressão destas alterações. A espectroscopia protónica revelou a presença de lactatos e diminuição do pico de N-acetil aspartato (NAA) na lesão cerebral e presença de lactatos no parênquima aparentemente poupado. Conclusões: As alterações encontradas reforçam a ideia da ocorrência de edema citotóxico nas lesões semelhantes a AVC, pelo que a sua presença não deverá afastar a hipótese de síndrome de MELAS, sobretudo se as lesões afectarem os lobos temporal, parietal e/ou occipital, envolverem predominantemente a substância cinzenta cortical, não respeitarem territórios vasculares e a espectroscopia protónica revelar aumento dos lactatos no parênquima aparentemente poupado.

Polyamines (PAs) are natural aliphatic amines involved in many physiological processes in almost all living organisms, including responses to abiotic stresses and microbial interactions. On other hand, the family Leguminosae constitutes an economically and ecologically key botanical group for humans, being also regarded as the most important protein source for livestock. This review presents the profuse evidence that relates changes in PAs levels during responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in model and cultivable species within Leguminosae and examines the unreviewed information regarding their potential roles in the functioning of symbiotic interactions with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizae in this family. As linking plant physiological behavior with "big data" available in "omics" is an essential step to improve our understanding of legumes responses to global change, we also examined integrative MultiOmics approaches available to decrypt the interface legumes-PAs-abiotic and biotic stress interactions. These approaches are expected to accelerate the identification of stress tolerant phenotypes and the design of new biotechnological strategies to increase their yield and adaptation to marginal environments, making better use of available plant genetic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerando costos de transacción, este artículo evalúa el desempeño de dos estrategias activas de portafolio, utilizando técnicas de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO) y de regresiones aparentemente no relacionadas (SUR), para los mercados accionarios de Brasil, Chile, México y Perú. La primera estrategia contempla portafolios de empresas con buen uso del endeudamiento, y la segunda, lo opuesto. Ambas están basadas en los estados financieros emitidos bajo las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF). Los resultados indican que, por un lado, las estrategias no exhiben un desempeño superior a su respectivo mercado accionario y, por otro, solo en Chile, la primera estrategia supera en desempeño a la segunda.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important staple food crop worldwide due to its adaptability to different environmental conditions. Because of its great economic and social importance, there is a constant requirement for new varieties with improved agronomic characteristics, such as tolerance to different biotic (such as bacterium, fungus, insect and virus) and abiotic stresses (such as salinity, drought and temperature), higher yield and better organoleptic and nutritional value. Among the new genome editing technologies, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) (CRISPR/Cas) system allows precise and specific edition in a targeted genome region. It is one of the most frequently used techniques for the study of the function of new genes and for the development of mutant lines with enhanced tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, herbicide resistance or improved yield. The wide varieties of applications for this technology include simple non-homologous end joining, homologous recombination, gene replacement, and base editing. In this review, we analyzed how some of these applications have been used in rice cultivars to obtain rice varieties better adapted to current environmental conditions and market requirements. Keywords: Rice, CRISPR, Cas, Genome editing, Biotic stress, Abiotic stress, Yield, Off-target, Mutation

Root fungal endophytes are essential mediators of plant nutrition under mild stress conditions. However, variations in the rhizosphere environment, such as nutrient depletion, could result in a stressful situation for both partners, shifting mutualistic to nonconvenient interactions. Mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes (DSEs) have demonstrated their ability to facilitate phosphate (Pi) acquisition. However, few studies have investigated other plant–fungal interactions that take place in the root environment with regard to phosphate nutrition. In the present research work, we aimed to analyze the effect of extreme Pi starvation and the fungal endophyte Fusarium solani on the model Lotus japonicus and the crop L. tenuis. We conducted metabolomics analysis based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on plant tissues under optimal conditions, severe Pi starvation and F.solani presence. By combining statistical and correlation network analysis strategies, we demonstrated the differential outcomes of the two plant species against the combination of treatments. The combination of nutritional stress and Fusarium presence activated significant modifications in the metabolism of L. japonicus affecting the levels of sugars, polyols and some amino acids. Our results display potential markers for further inspection of the factors related to plant nutrition and plant–fungal interactions.

Los multimedios ofrecen alternativas eficaces para mejorar la calidad educativa del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje. Los autores nos encontramos confeccionando un ambiente multimedial que denominamos museo interactivo. Éste reúne especímenes que poseen lesiones quirúrgicas de las enfermedades quirúrgicas osteo articulares contenidas en el programa de estudios de la Cátedra Técnica y Patología Quirúrgica, FCV-UNLPam. El objetivo del proyecto es evaluar la utilidad del ambiente virtual como herramienta pedagógica Se emplearon especímenes de la colección de la cátedra entre los que se seleccionaron lesiones de osteítis productivas, osteosarcomas y osteoartritis. A cada especimen le fueron tomadas 20 fotografías digitales desde diversos ángulos con una cámara digital Kodak de 12 megapixeles en posición fija. Las fotografías se introdujeron en el software D-Sculptor 2 (D-Vision Works Limited, UK) con el que se generaron especímenes virtuales que pueden ser rotados libremente como respuesta a los movimientos del mouse de la computadora. La experiencia se llevó a cabo con 48 estudiantes del curso Patología Quirúrgica que se ofrecieron participar voluntariamente. Se les ofreció una notebook con el ambiente multimedial y los especímenes reales para que evaluaran similitud entre los especímenes reales y virtuales, grado de interactividad entre movimientos del espécimen con los del mouse, identificación de las lesiones y grado de detalles de las lesiones. A cada parámetro de evaluación fue ponderado de mediante asignación de puntaje mínimo 1 máximo 5. El 37,5% calificó con 5 la semejanza entre especímenes reales y virtuales, el 56,25% con 4, el 4,16% con 3 puntos y el 2,08% con 2. El grado de interactividad fue calificado con 5 en el 47,9, con 4 el 35,41% y con 3 el 16,66%. En relación a la factibilidad de identificación de las lesiones el 27,08% asignó 5 puntos, el 56,25% 4 puntos, el 14,58% 3 puntos y con 1 y 2 el 2,08%. El 31,25% asignó 5 puntos a la capacidad de apreciación de las imágenes mediante ampliación, 39,58% otorgaron 4 puntos, 14,58% ponderaron con 3 y con 1 y 2 el 2,08% respectivamente. El análisis de la ponderación asignada por los estudiantes permite concluir que en los parámetros evaluados posee muy buena y buena similitud de los especímenes con los reales (97,91%) al igual que la interactividad que fue muy buena a buena en el 100% de los encuestados y la factibilidad en identificar lesiones fue muy buena a buena para (97.91%) y la capacidad de ampliación de imágenes para analizar detalles 85,41%.

La biocinemática del caballo posee relevancia para diagnosticar y evaluar afecciones osteoarticulares, realizar terapia de rehabilitación, fisioterapia y contribuir con programas de selección de reproductores por la alta-media heredabilidad que poseen. La ausencia de información de estos parámetros del caballo de la raza Criollo Argentino y la amplia difusión que posee la raza en el país y en el medio en el que se encuentra inserta la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la UNLPam, motivó proceder a analizar las variables biocinemáticas del caballo de esta raza. Se emplearon 10 yeguas de un haras de Criollos Argentinos ubicado en el Departamento Maracó, La Pampa, Argentina. A los animales les fueron adheridos marcadores reflectantes en sitios anatómicos predeterminados y se los hizo marchar al trote llevados de la mano en pista de arena a la vez que eran grabados en video digital a una distancia de 15 metros. Cada caballo hizo tres pasadas frente a la cámara. Las imágenes fueron introducidas en el software ImageJ 1.50b para establecer los ángulos máximos de extensión y flexión y la amplitud angular (AA) producto de la diferencia de ambos, de los ángulos de protracción-retracción de los miembros torácico y pelviano, ángulos de inclinación escapular (AIE) y pelviano (AIP) y de las articulaciones del hombro, codo, carpo, coxofemoral, rodilla, tarso y nudos torácico y pelviano durante una batida. La información de los ángulos se analizaron con el software Infostat para establecer las medidas de resumen de media y desvío estándar. En el miembro torácico se registró que el ángulo de protracción fue 22,989º (min: 16,945º max 27,951º), el AIE min: 58,066º máx: 70,202 AA 12,136º; el ángulo de retracción fue min: 6,843º máx 15,191º AA 10,419º; hombro: máx extensión 122,629º máxima flexión 114,87º AA 7,753º; codo: máxima flexión 129,431º máxima extensión 159,328º AA 29,896º; carpo en protracción del miembro 175,802º y en retracción 173,724º AA 2,07; nudo en protracción 159,499º y en retracción 146,451º AA 12,998º. Los ángulos del miembro pelviano en protracción 21,398º (min 18,435º máx 24,905º) y el de retracción fue 16,05º (min 9,866º máx 24,482º); el AIP máximo 31,279º y mínimo 25,977º la AA 5,302º; articulación coxofemoral máxima extensión 75,405º máxima flexión 91,768º AA 16,363º; articulación de la rodilla: máxima extensión 130,321º máxima flexión 115,106º AA 15,216º; tarso: máxima flexión 130,321º, extensión 115,106º AA 15,216º; nudo: 147,883º con el miembro en protracción y 138,204º en retracción. Se obtuvieron de una batida los resultados parciales de las variaciones angulares de los miembros del caballo Criollo Argentino correspondientes a las articulaciones del hombro, codo, carpo y nudo en el miembro torácico anterior y para las articulaciones de la cadera, rodilla, tarso y nudo en el miembro pelviano. También se obtuvieron los valores de inclinación de la escápula y de la pelvis

Botrytis cinerea, as a necrotrophic fungus, kills host tissues and feeds on the remains. This fungus is able to induce the hypersensitive response (HR) on its hosts, thus taking advantage on the host's defense machinery for generating necrotic tissues. However, the identity of HR effectors produced by B. cinerea is not clear. The aim of this work was to determine whether botrydial, a phytotoxic sesquiterpene produced by B. cinerea, is able to induce the HR on plant hosts, using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model. Botrydial induced the expression of the HR marker HSR3, callose deposition, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and phenolic compounds. Botrydial also induced the expression of PR1 and PDF1.2, two pathogenesis-related proteins involved in defense responses regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), respectively. A. thaliana and tobacco plants defective in SA signaling were more resistant to botrydial than wild-type plants, as opposed to A. thaliana plants defective in JA signaling, which were more sensitive. It can be concluded that botrydial induces the HR on its hosts and its effects are modulated by host signaling pathways mediated by SA and JA.

In recent years, Mitraclip has become available as a treatment option for mitral regurgitation in high-risk surgical patients. Focusing on the incremental effectiveness of Mitraclip versus the current standard of care, this article provides a comparative review of the evidence on Mitraclip and standard medical therapy (MT) in high-risk mitral regurgitation patients. Evidence was retrieved from seven major databases. Results suggest that Mitraclip presents a high safety profile and a good middle-term effectiveness performance. Evidence on long-term effectiveness is limited both for Mitraclip and MT. Few studies allow a comparison with MT and comparative results on different endpoints are mixed. Therefore, the available evidence does not conclusively inform whether or under which circumstances Mitraclip should be preferred over MT in the treatment of high-risk patients. Head-to-head real-world studies would be needed, as they would provide great and timely insights to support policy decisions when medical devices are at stake.