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Abstract We describe the geographical variation in tree species composition across Amazonian forests and show how environmental conditions are associated with species turnover. Our analyses are based on 2023 forest inventory plots (1 ha) that provide abundance data for a total of 5188 tree species. Within-plot species composition reflected both local environmental conditions (especially soil nutrients and hydrology) and geographical regions. A broader-scale view of species turnover was obtained by interpolating the relative tree species abundances over Amazonia into 47,441 0.1-degree grid cells. Two main dimensions of spatial change in tree species composition were identified. The first was a gradient between western Amazonia at the Andean forelands (with young geology and relatively nutrient-rich soils) and central–eastern Amazonia associated with the Guiana and Brazilian Shields (with more ancient geology and poor soils). The second gradient was between the wet forests of the northwest and the drier forests in southern Amazonia. Isolines linking cells of similar composition crossed major Amazonian rivers, suggesting that tree species distributions are not limited by rivers. Even though some areas of relatively sharp species turnover were identified, mostly the tree species composition changed gradually over large extents, which does not support delimiting clear discrete biogeographic regions within Amazonia.

Abstract Microgravity (µG) experienced during space flights promotes adaptation in several astronauts’ organs and tissues, with skeletal muscles being the most affected. In response to reduced gravitational loading, muscles (especially, lower limb and antigravity muscles) undergo progressive mass loss and alteration in metabolism, myofiber size, and composition. Skeletal muscle precursor cells (MPCs), also known as satellite cells, are responsible for the growth and maintenance of muscle mass in adult life as well as for muscle regeneration following damage and may have a major role in µG-induced muscle wasting. Despite the great relevance for astronaut health, very few data are available about the effects of real µG on human muscles. Based on the MyoGravity project, this study aimed to analyze: (i) the cellular and transcriptional alterations induced by real µG in human MPCs (huMPCs) and (ii) the response of human skeletal muscle to normal gravitational loading after prolonged exposure to µG. We evaluated the transcriptomic changes induced by µG on board the International Space Station (ISS) in differentiating huMPCs isolated from Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies of a pre-flight astronaut and an age- and sex-matched volunteer, in comparison with the same cells cultured on the ground in standard gravity (1×g) conditions. We found that huMPCs differentiated under real µG conditions showed: (i) upregulation of genes related to cell adhesion, plasma membrane components, and ion transport; (ii) strong downregulation of genes related to the muscle contraction machinery and sarcomere organization; and (iii) downregulation of muscle-specific microRNAs (myomiRs). Moreover, we had the unique opportunity to analyze huMPCs and skeletal muscle tissue of the same astronaut before and 30 h after a long-duration space flight on board the ISS. Prolonged exposure to real µG strongly affected the biology and functionality of the astronaut’s satellite cells, which showed a dramatic reduction of responsiveness to activating stimuli and proliferation rate, morphological changes, and almost inability to fuse into myotubes. RNA-Seq analysis of post- vs. pre-flight muscle tissue showed that genes involved in muscle structure and remodeling are promptly activated after landing following a long-duration space mission. Conversely, genes involved in the myelination process or synapse and neuromuscular junction organization appeared downregulated. Although we have investigated only one astronaut, these results point to a prompt readaptation of the skeletal muscle mechanical components to the normal gravitational loading, but the inability to rapidly recover the physiological muscle myelination/innervation pattern after landing from a long-duration space flight. Together with the persistent functional deficit observed in the astronaut’s satellite cells after prolonged exposure to real µG, these results lead us to hypothesize that a condition of inefficient regeneration is likely to occur in the muscles of post-flight astronauts following damage.

Blueberries offer multiple health benefits, and their cultivation has expanded to warm tropical regions. However, references for foliar nutritional content are lacking in the literature. Proximal sensing may enhance nutritional characterization to optimize blueberry production. We aimed (i) to characterize the nutrient contents of healthy plants of three blueberry varieties adapted to warm climates (Emerald, Jewel, and Biloxi) using a reference method for foliar analysis (inductively coupled plasma (ICP)) and a portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer on fresh and dry leaves and (ii) to differentiate blueberry varieties based on their nutrient composition. Nutrient content was statistically compared per leaf moisture condition (fresh or dry) with ICP results and used to differentiate the varieties via the random forest algorithm. P and Zn contents (ICP) in leaves were different among varieties. Dry leaf results (pXRF) were strongly correlated with ICP results. Most nutrients determined using ICP presented good correlation with pXRF data (R2 from 0.66 to 0.93). The three varieties were accurately differentiated by pXRF results (accuracy: 87%; kappa: 0.80). Predictions of nutrient contents based on dry leaves analyzed by pXRF outperformed those based on fresh leaves. This approach can also be applied to other crops to facilitate nutrient assessment in leaves.

São Tomé and Príncipe oceanic islands, in Central West Africa, are characterised by exceptional levels of endemism. Since human colonisation in the mid-15th century, São Tomé and Príncipe have lost 74% and 67% of their native habitat, respectively. Today, these islands are mainly covered by remaining old-growth forests, secondary regrowth forests, shaded plantations (mostly of cocoa), oil palm plantations (in the case of São Tomé), small-scale agricultural areas and urban areas. Yet, little is known about how species on these islands are coping with land-use changes. Island ecosystems are particularly important for bats, with about 25% of the world’s bat species being entirely restricted to island systems. São Tomé and Príncipe Islands comprise six and four native insectivorous bats, respectively. Two species, Chaerephon tomensis and Macronycteris thomensis, are island-endemics in São Tomé; Pseudoromicia principis is an island-endemic in Príncipe; and Miniopterus newtoni is endemic from both São Tomé and Príncipe. Here, we present a dataset comprising a comprehensive compilation of occurrence records derived from acoustic sampling of insectivorous bats across the predominant land-use types of both the São Tomé and Príncipe Islands. In each sampling site, standardised surveys consisted of deploying one Audio Moth device that recorded for 1 minute every 5 minutes over a 48-hour period. We identified a total of 19,437 bat-passes across the 115 sites surveyed in São Tomé Island and 17,837 bat-passes across the 50 sites surveyed in Príncipe Island.Based on a sampling effort of 1,584 hours of recordings manually processed to identify all the contained bat passes, this dataset, publicly available on GBIF, provides comprehensive information on the activity of insectivorous bats across two endemic-rich oceanic islands in the Gulf of Guinea. For each bat pass identified, we report the identified species, geographic coordinates, land-use type, altitude, date and time. This is the first public dataset providing detailed information on species-level habitat use for insectivorous bats on oceanic islands in Africa.

ABSTRACT Objective: Patients with pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) treated with radioiodine (RAI) therapy may experience long-term side effects, such as gonadal dysfunction. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the impact of this therapy on ovarian reserve and future pregnancy rates. Subjects and methods: Retrospective analysis of 64 female DTC survivors of childbearing age to assess the risk of infertility due to RAI performed before the age of 19 years. Results: Thirty-two out of the 64 DTC survivors had a history of at least one pregnancy during follow-up. No significant differences were observed between the cumulative RAI activity, treatment regimens (multiple versus single RAI treatment), age at first treatment, or presence of lymph node or distant metastases. Notably, the group without a history of pregnancy had a younger age at the time of diagnosis and larger tumors. Age at first pregnancy was slightly higher than that in the general population, but no increase in negative maternal or fetal outcomes was observed. Conclusions: The results of this study show little observational evidence suggesting important adverse effects of RAI on fertility or pregnancy outcomes among female survivors of childhood DTC. Still, studies including larger populations are warranted.

This study seeks to assess the stigma caused by electronic monitoring of individuals and its impact on society. The problem guiding the research can be summarized in the following question: Can electronic monitoring be considered a form of social stigma? Based on data collected from a series of studies conducted on the topic in the field of Law and Political Science, reflected in the bibliography that supports this study, it becomes possible to affirm that, like incarceration, electronic monitoring is also a form of stigmatizing the individual. Electronic monitoring is a tool that identifies the individual as someone who has committed a crime and, like all stigmas, it differentiates them from the rest of the population, thereby causing prejudices and other forms of discrimination. The general objective of the research is to assess how electronic monitoring generates stigmatized bodies in society. To give substance to the general objective, the specific objectives of the text, which are reflected in its structure in two sections, are: a) to evaluate, based on studies already conducted in the field of Law and Criminology, the concept of stigma and who the stigmatized people were throughout social evolution; b) to investigate how electronic monitoring is characterized by creating stigmatized bodies. The research method employed was hypothetical-deductive through the use of bibliographic and documentary research techniques.

Abstract Physical mapping evidences the chromosome organization and structure. Despite the data about plant cytogenomics, physical mapping has been conducted from single-copy and/or low-copy genes for few species. Carica papaya cytogenomics has been accomplished from BAC-FISH and repeatome sequences. We aimed to map the serk 2, svp-like and mdar 4 sequences in C. papaya. The sequences were amplified and the amplicons sequenced, showing similarity in relation to serk 2, svp-like and mdar 4 genes. Carica papaya diploidy was confirmed and the mitotic chromosomes characterized. The chromosome 1 exhibited the secondary constriction pericentromeric to the centromere of the long arm. So, we concluded that it is the sex chromosomes. serk 2 was mapped in the long arm interstitial portion of the sex chromosomes, and the interphase nuclei showed two fluorescence signals. Considering these results and the sequencing data from the C. papaya sex chromosomes, svp-like and mdar 4 genes were mapped in the interstitial region of the sex chromosome long arm. Both sequences showed only one fluorescence signal in the interphase nuclei. The procedure adopted here can be reproduced for other single-copy and/or low-copy genes, allowing the construction of cytogenetic maps. In addition, we revisited the cytogenomics data about C. papaya sex chromosomes, presenting a revised point of view about the structure and evolution to these chromosomes.

This study examines three contested perspectives on addressing Brazil's authoritarian past in the post-dictatorship era. These perspectives influenced the decision-making processes of political actors shaping public policies on memory and truth. Through oral interview analysis, diverse perceptions emerged regarding how to confront the dictatorship's legacy, leading to distinct political actions, considerations, and priorities in transitional justice measures. The concept of "politics of silencing" describes the limitations faced in Brazil's reckoning with its authoritarian past during the redemocratization period. The study discusses the criteria for a public policy on memory, distinct from a broader policy of memory, crucial for democratic state development. It highlights the discontinuation of memory policies following the National Truth Commission's final report in December 2014, coinciding with Brazil's political and economic crisis.

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a atuação do Poder Judiciário em três situações jurídicas distintas – o estabelecimento do toque de recolher para crianças e adolescentes por meio de Portarias Judiciais; a internação compulsória de dependentes em drogas e o julgamento de processos judiciais de estupro – verificando os sentidos de moralidade, normalidade e punição presentes no Sistema de Justiça em cada um desses casos. Nesse sentido, procura identificar o processo de construção de subjetividades relacionadas às situações descritas – o “menor”, o “louco” e a “mulher desonesta” –, verificando sob quais aspectos divergem da legislação atualmente em vigor no país. O trabalho foi realizado a partir da análise de documentos legislativos – Constituição Federal, Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, Lei nº 10.216/2001, dentre outros – e da pesquisa bibliográfica, destacando, no caso desta última, os conceitos trabalhados por Michel Foucault em suas obras. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Poder Judiciário. Toque de recolher. Internação compulsória. Estupro. Subjetivação. Michel Foucault.

Croton guatemalensis Lotsy (Euphorbiaceae) is an important traditional medicine that is used by the Cakchiquels of Guatemala to control hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have shown that administration of this plant induces an acute hypoglycemic effect during fasting and that the main compound is junceic acid, a diterpenoid with a clerodane skeleton; however, junceic acid has not been reported to have hypoglycemic activity in the literature. As the mechanisms involved in the hypoglycemic effect of C. guatemalensis remain unknown, the objective of the present investigation was to elucidate the hypoglycemic mechanisms of this species, as well as its major compound, junceic acid. The results indicated that, similar to complete extract, junceic acid exhibited a hypoglycemic effect in hyperglycemic rats. Both C. guatemalensis extract and junceic acid inhibited the activity of two rate-limiting enzymes involved in hepatic glucose production; however, compared with chlorogenic acid, junceic acid had a more potent effect on glucose-6-phosphatase levels than chlorogenic acid, which was used as a positive control. Furthermore, both fasting and postprandial insulin levels decreased in healthy and hyperglycemic rats despite reduced blood glucose levels in both metabolic states, suggesting a potential insulin-sensitizing effect. However, neither of these compounds potentiated the effect of insulin in insulin tolerance tests nor inhibited the enzyme activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, a negative regulator of the insulin pathway. Therefore, the insulin-sensitizing effect is thought to be independent of insulin and mediated by potential activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. The specific activation of this master regulator in β-cells results in the inhibition of insulin secretion in a healthy state and the restoration of the insulin response under conditions of glucotoxicity; these effects were observed after the administration of the extract and junceic acid in healthy and hyperglycemic rats. Overall, the main findings of this study establish a basis of the mechanisms of action of C. guatemalensis and its main compound, junceic acid, in terms of their hypoglycemic effect.

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los factores explicativos de la respuesta inmune humoral en adultos mayores de establecimientos de estancia prolongada de Buenos Aires, Argentina, hasta 180 días post vacunación. Se utilizó un diseño de cohorte abierta, prospectiva, multicéntrica, con voluntarios que recibieron dos dosis de vacunas Sputnik V, Sinopharm o AZD1222. Se analizaron muestras de plasma en los tiempos 0, 21 días post primera dosis, 21 días post segunda dosis, 120 y 180 días post primera dosis. Se ajustaron modelos lineales marginales y aditivos generalizados mixtos para evaluar el comportamiento de la concentración de anticuerpos IgG anti-Spike en el tiempo según grupo de exposición (naïve/no-naïve) y vacuna. Las covariables analizadas fueron: ocurrencia de brote de COVID-19 en establecimientos de estancia prolongada y comorbilidades. Se incluyeron en el análisis 773 participantes con una mediana de edad de 83 años (RIQ: 76-89). Al final del estudio, los niveles de anticuerpos del grupo naïve: Sinopharm fueron significativamente menores que el resto de los grupos (p < 0,05); los del no-naïve: Sinopharm resultaron similares a los naïve que recibieron AZD1222 (p = 0,945) o Sputnik V (p = 1). Los participantes expuestos a brotes en establecimientos de estancia prolongada presentaron niveles de anticuerpos significativamente mayores, independientemente del grupo de exposición y la vacuna (p < 0,001). Concluimos que la exposición previa a COVID-19, el tipo de vacuna y la pertenencia a un establecimiento de estancia prolongada con antecedente de brote son factores a considerar frente a futuros eventos epidémicos con dinámicas de transmisión y mecanismos inmunológicos similares al COVID-19, en poblaciones similares a la analizada en este trabajo.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of neck pain and back pain in professionals whose primary work activity is related to playing musical instruments. Method: A non-randomized quantitative cross-sectional clinical study was conducted, where data were collected through an online questionnaire. Results: Out of the 98 participating musicians, the majority (73.5%) were male, with an average age of 33. Approximately 70% of participants reported experiencing some type of pain, with back pain (20.4%), neck pain (14.3%), and the coexistence of both conditions (36.7%) being the most frequent complaints. The most common musical instruments were the guitar (19.4%), followed by the piano (11.2%), drums (8.2%), and keyboard (7.1%). Interestingly, most musicians (61.2%) did not warm up before practicing music. Conclusions: This study confirms that musicians face a significantly higher risk of developing neck and back pain than the general population, corroborating previous findings. Factors such as gender, weight, duration of musical practice, and age play complex roles in the manifestation of these pains, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention and intervention strategies for this community. Level of Evidence IV; Retrospective Observational Study.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cervical degenerative disc disease is a highly prevalent pathology in the general population, which can cause disability and high costs for the health system. Among the surgical modalities for treatment, cervical arthrodesis and cervical arthroplasty stand out. Objective: To compare the performance of surgical modalities of cervical arthrodesis and cervical arthroplasty in patients with degenerative cervical disc disease regarding quality of life and functional capacity. Methodology: Retrospective observation study, data analysis of information collected from medical records of patients undergoing arthrodesis and cervical arthroplasty, followed on an outpatient basis from 2015 to 2020. Functional capacity was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and quality of life using the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) in the pre-and postoperative periods (06 months, 01 year, 02 years, 03 years, 04 years, and 05 years). Statistical significance was established with values of p≤0,05. Results: 122 patients were evaluated (56 in the arthrodesis group and 66 in the arthroplasty group). After the surgical interventions, individuals migrated from severe disability (50.8% / 54.3%) to minimal disability (15.3% / 9.0%). There was a decline in the ODI scores over the follow-up time (p≤0.001) as well as in the SF-36 values (p≤0.001) for both surgical techniques. Evaluating the difference in means revealed better performance of cervical arthroplasty (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Considering the findings for functional capacity and quality of life, cervical arthroplasty performed better as a surgical technique for the treatment of degenerative cervical disc disease. Level of Evidence IV; Retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive and observational study.

Summary: Background: Mouse models that recapitulate key features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are important tools for understanding complex interactions between host genetics, immune responses, and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Little is known about how predominantly cellular (Th1 type) versus humoral (Th2 type) immune responses influence SARS-CoV-2 dynamics, including infectivity and disease course. Methods: We generated knock-in (KI) mice expressing human ACE2 (hACE2) and/or human TMPRSS2 (hTMPRSS2) on Th1-biased (C57BL/6; B6) and Th2-biased (BALB/c) genetic backgrounds. Mice were infected intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) or Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) variants, followed by assessment of disease course, respiratory tract infection, lung histopathology, and humoral and cellular immune responses. Findings: In both B6 and BALB/c mice, hACE2 expression was required for infection of the lungs with Delta, but not Omicron BA.1. Disease severity was greater in Omicron BA.1-infected hTMPRSS2-KI and double-KI BALB/c mice compared with B6 mice, and in Delta-infected double-KI B6 and BALB/c mice compared with hACE2-KI mice. hACE2-KI B6 mice developed more severe lung pathology and more robust SARS-CoV-2-specific splenic CD8 T cell responses compared with hACE2-KI BALB/c mice. There were no notable differences between the two genetic backgrounds in plasma cell, germinal center B cell, or antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2. Interpretation: SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron BA.1 infection, disease course, and CD8 T cell response are influenced by the host genetic background. These humanized mice hold promise as important tools for investigating the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenesis and immune response. Funding: This work was funded by NIH U19 AI142790-02S1, the GHR Foundation, the Arvin Gottleib Foundation, and the Overton family (to SS and EOS); Prebys Foundation (to SS); NIH R44 AI157900 (to KJ); and by an American Association of Immunologists Career Reentry Fellowship (FASB).

Odonata é uma importante ordem de insetos hemimetabólicos com grande representação popular. As larvas são aquáticas e podem colonizar ambientes lóticos e lênticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a distribuição de larvas de Odonata em diferentes substratos, caracterizar o padrão de distribuição destas larvas e verificar a preferência por micro-habitat dos indivíduos em relação aos substratos em um trecho do Rio Marambaia, na Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro. A Ilha da Marambaia está localizada na Baía de Sepetiba sendo uma importante área de Mata Atlântica preservada, que se encontra sob jurisdição do corpo de Fuzileiros Navais. Coletas mensais foram realizadas entre os meses de julho/2018 a junho/2019, em três áreas de 100 m, ao longo de um trecho contínuo de 1 km. Coletas manuais foram realizadas em cinco diferentes substratos: areia, folhiço de fundo, folhiço retido, rocha fixa e rocha rolada. Foram coletadas 154 larvas, identificado e distribuído em seis famílias e seis gêneros: Limnetron (Förster, 1907) (Aeshnidae) (n = 14), Argia (Rambur, 1842) (Coenagrionidae) (n = 105), Brechmorhoga (Kirby, 1894) (Libellulidae) (n = 5), Progomphus (Selys, 1854) (Gomphidae) (n = 7), Heteragrion (Selys, 1862) (Megapodagrionidae) (n = 18), Perilestes (Selys, 1862) (Perilestidae) (n = 5). O trecho com maior abundância foi o Trecho 2. Argia foi o gênero mais abundante (68,2% das amostras) e a sua preferência foi pelo substrato rocha; Heteragrion, Limnetron e Perilestes demonstraram ter preferência por substratos com folhiço; Brechmorhoga e Progomphus por substratos com areia, corroborando com dados citados na literatura.

Palygoskite pellets were synthesized with lignin and WAX® and subjected to technological characterization for application in the remediation of Pb ions contained in aqueous effluents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the palygorskite:lignin:WAX® material in a proportion of 70:15:15 revealed that the heat treatment of the pellets did not compromise the crystalline structure of the palygoskite. Texture analyses demonstrated that the surface area increased after synthesis and heat treatment, thus increasing the adsorption capacity. Regarding porosity, X-ray microtomography revealed that the pellets exhibit an irregular and porous spherical morphology with interconnected pores. Adsorption tests showed a removal of 73% of PbII contained in aqueous effluents after 15 min, with equilibrium reached in 60 min (88.36%). After the adsorption process, the presence of lead in the material was qualitatively confirmed through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) images. The produced pellets exhibit promising adsorbent qualities, such as strength and effective PbII ion adsorption.

O presente estudo investiga a complexa interação entre o sistema prisional e os filhos de mulheres encarceradas, explorando a hipótese de que o aprisionamento materno pode funcionar como um fator de estigmatização para essas crianças. Partindo da Teoria do Estigma de Erving Goffman, que ressalta a estigmatização como um processo social, este estudo busca analisar como os filhos de mulheres encarceradas são afetados por essa experiência e como isso pode moldar sua identidade e percepção de si mesmos na sociedade. Essa pesquisa, de metodologia hipotético-dedutiva, alicerçada na técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, possui como objetivo geral investigar como o aprisionamento de mulheres pode constituir um fator de estigmatização para seus filhos, explorando as implicações psicossociais desse estigma em suas vidas. Nessa perspectiva, o problema que orienta a pesquisa pode ser assim sintetizado: em que medida o aprisionamento de mulheres pode gerar um estigma que afeta a identidade e o bem-estar psicossocial de seus filhos? Os resultados obtidos, a partir de embasamentos científicos, teóricos e bibliográficos, demonstram que os filhos das mulheres encarceradas de fato enfrentam um estigma indireto devido ao contato de suas genitoras com o sistema prisional. Esse estigma se manifesta de várias formas, afetando não apenas a percepção externa dessas crianças, mas também sua própria visão de si mesmas. Além disso, o estigma muitas vezes faz com que a pena associada ao aprisionamento de suas mães seja ampliada, impactando negativamente sua saúde mental, desenvolvimento psicossocial e oportunidades futuras.

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide has contributed to the success of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is also been used in transplantation from matched donors. However, limited data on the immune reconstitution after this type of immunosuppression is available. We aimed to evaluate immune reconstitution after HSCT from unrelated donors, comparing anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy). Consecutive patients undergoing HSCT from unrelated donors and receiving either ATG or PTCy were prospectively included. Immune reconstitution analyses were performed by flow cytometry pre transplant and on days 30, 60, 90, and 180 post-transplant. We included 36 patients, 20 in the ATG group and 16 in the PTCy group. In the early post-transplant period (D+30), the ATG group showed a higher number of total lymphocytes, T, B, and NK cells compared to the PTCy group. However, at D+180, the PTCy group exhibited a higher number of B cells. On D+60 and D+90, the ATG group displayed higher number of NK cells CD56dim compared to the PTCy group, while on D+180, the PTCy group showed higher number of CD56neg, CD16pos, and, NKG2Dpos NK cells. Naive CD4+, transition CD4+, and naive CD8+ T cells on D+60 were identified as risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grades II-IV, and a higher count of CD4+ memory cells on D+180 was identified as a risk factor for chronic GVHD. In the context of unrelated allogeneic transplantation, immunosuppression with PTCy was associated with later B, T and NK cells reconstitution compared to ATG.

IntroductionHuman respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a main cause of bronchiolitis in infants and its persistence has been described in immunocompromised subjects. However, limited evidence has been reported on the gene expression triggered by the hRSV and the effect of recombinant Taenia solium-derived calreticulin (rTsCRT).MethodsUsing a comprehensive microarray approach, we analyzed the transcriptome profile of a macrophage cell line that has supported hRSV persistence for over 150 passages. We compared the gene expression of persistently infected and non-infected macrophages. We also evaluated the effect of rTsCRT on hRSV-infected macrophage gene transcription, as well as on cytokine production and number of copies of the persistent hRSV genome.ResultsOur analysis showed that hRSV long-term virus infection significantly alters mRNA expression of antiviral, inflammatory, as well as arginine and lipid metabolism-associated genes, revealing a transcriptional signature that suggests a mixed M1/M2 phenotype. The resulting host-virus equilibrium allows for the regulation of viral replication, while evading the antiviral and proinflammatory responses. Interestingly, rTsCRT stimulus upregulated Tnfα, Il6 and Nos2 mRNA. We found increased levels of both proinflammatory cytokines and nitrite levels in the conditioned media of persistent macrophages treated with rTsCRT. This increase was associated with a significant reduction in viral genome copies.DiscussionhRSV persistently infected macrophages retain responsiveness to external stimuli and demonstrate that the profound changes induced by viral persistence are potentially reversible. Our observations contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms related to hRSV persistence in macrophages and have implications for the development of targeted therapies to eliminate persistent infections or reduce the negative effects related with chronic inflammatory diseases associated with hRSV infection.

Introduction: Treatment of patients with pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) often involves radioiodine (RAI), which is associated with increased risks of short- and long-term adverse outcomes. The impact of RAI treatment on the female reproductive system remains uncertain. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a marker of ovarian reserve and is related to fertility. Objective: The aim was to analyze the association between RAI and serum AMH level in women treated with RAI. Methods: We evaluated women with pediatric DTC treated with RAI at the age of ≤19 years. Serum AMH was measured. Results: The study included 47 patients with a mean age of 25.1 years (12.4–50.8) at AMH measurement and follow-up of 11.8 ± 8.4 years. The mean RAI administered was 235 mCi (30–1150). Sixteen (34%) received multiple RAI doses (471 ± 215 mCi). Mean AMH level was 2.49 ng/mL (0.01–7.81); the level was 1.57 ng/mL (0.01–7.81) after multiple RAI doses and 2.99 ng/mL (0.01–6.63) after a single RAI dose (P = 0.01). Patients who received a cumulative RAI lower than 200 mCi had higher AMH levels (2.23 ng/mL, 0.39–7.81) than those who received more (1.0 ng/mL, 0.01–6.63; P = 0.02). In patients with similar cumulative RAI activities, administration of multiple RAI doses was significantly and independently associated with AMH level lower than the reference range for age (HR: 5.9, 1.55–52.2, P = 0.014) after age adjustments. Conclusion: Levels of AMH were lower after multiple RAI doses, especially after a cumulative RAI dose above 200 mCi. More studies are needed to clarify the impact of RAI on fertility considering its cumulative activity and treatment strategy.

(1) Background: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with diabetes mellitus in adults and the elderly in Rio Branco, Acre, Western Brazilian Amazon. (2) Methods: The R software version 4.0.5 was used for estimating the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Multiple analysis was conducted through hierarchical variable selection. (3) Results: 1.095 individuals aged 18 years and older participated in this study, with 6.4% of the respondents showing prevalence of diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was positively associated with a prior medical diagnosis of obesity (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.67–6.12), dyslipidemia (OR: 4.17; 95% CI: 2.08–8.36), and increasing age (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.05–1.09). Conversely, an inverse association was observed with higher education (12 or more years of study; OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.07–0.61). (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, has significantly increased with advancing age. Education, obesity, and dyslipidemia were also identified as factors associated with diabetes mellitus in this population. Awareness campaigns regarding dietary patterns and lifestyle choices may serve as preventive and control measures.

Exacerbated inflammation and coagulation are a hallmark of COVID-19 severity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are intercellular transmitters involved in inflammatory conditions, which are capable of triggering prothrombotic mechanisms. Since the release of EVs is potentially associated with COVID-19-induced coagulopathy, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in inflammation- and hypercoagulability-related EVs during the first month after symptom onset and to determine whether they are associated with disease severity. Blood samples of patients with mild or severe forms of the disease were collected on three occasions: in the second, third and fourth weeks after symptom onset for the quantification by flow cytometry of CD41A (platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa), CD162 (PSGL-1), CD31 (PECAM-1) and CD142 cells (tissue factor). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, Kruskal-Wallis and correlation tests were used. Eighty-five patients were enrolled, 71% of whom had mild disease. Seventeen uninfected individuals served as controls. Compared to controls, both mild and severe COVID-19 were associated with higher EV-CD31+, EV-CD41+ and EV-CD142+ levels. All EV levels were higher in severe than in mild COVID-19 only after the third week from symptom onset, as opposed to C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels, which were higher in severe than in mild COVID-19 earlier during disease progression. EV levels were also associated with C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels only after the third week of symptoms. In conclusion, EVs expressing CD41A, CD31, TF, and CD162 appear as late markers of COVID-19 severity. This finding may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of acute and possibly long COVID-19.

Child care involves parents, namely father and mother, as parties who have responsibility for their children. As time goes by, sometimes disputes occur between husband and wife which result in divorce. The purpose of this writing is to find out about child maintenance after divorce according to statutory regulations. Child care after divorce is regulated in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection and Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. Child maintenance after marriage in the case study of Decision Number 395/Pdt.G/2021/PN Jkt.Utr. It started with the Plaintiff (Wife) and the Defendant (Husband) who divorced, they had two sons, namely Brother A and Brother B. In this case there has been a divorce, then the parents, either father or mother, are obliged to provide maintenance for their children. until they are adults or able to stand on their own. These children's rights are supported by Article 14 of the Child Protection Law where children have the right to meet directly or have personal contact with their parents, children have the right to receive care, maintenance, education and protection for the growth and development process from their parents according to their abilities, talents and interests, the right to receive living expenses from both parents, and the right to obtain other children's rights. So that the two children of the Plaintiff and Defendant are entitled to receive maintenance in the form of a place to live with the mother because she is the closest person to the child and receives support and education from father to adult.

A differential diet with royal jelly (RJ) during early larval development in honeybees shapes the phenotype, which is probably mediated by epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Evidence indicates that small molecules in RJ can modulate gene expression in mammalian cells, such as the fatty acid 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), previously associated with the inhibition of histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs). Therefore, we combined computational (molecular docking simulations) and experimental approaches for the screening of potential HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) among 32 RJ-derived fatty acids. Biochemical assays and gene expression analyses (Reverse Transcriptase – quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) were performed to evaluate the functional effects of the major RJ fatty acids, 10-HDA and 10-HDAA (10-hydroxy-decanoic acid), in two human cancer cell lines (HCT116 and MDA-MB-231). The molecular docking simulations indicate that these fatty acids might interact with class I HDACs, specifically with the catalytic domain of human HDAC2, likewise well-known HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) such as SAHA (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid) and TSA (Trichostatin A). In addition, the combined treatment with 10-HDA and 10-HDAA inhibits the activity of human nuclear HDACs and leads to a slight increase in the expression of HDAC-coding genes in cancer cells. Our findings indicate that royal jelly fatty acids collectively contribute to HDAC inhibition and that 10-HDA and 10-HDAA are weak HDACi that facilitate the acetylation of lysine residues of chromatin, triggering an increase in gene expression levels in cancer cells.

The evolutionary conserved link between coagulation and innate immunity is a biological process characterized by the thrombosis formation stimulus of immune cells and specific thrombosis-related molecules. In physiological settings, the relationship between the immune system and thrombosis facilitates the recognition of pathogens and damaged cells and inhibits pathogen proliferation. However, when deregulated, the interplay between hemostasis and innate immunity becomes a pathological process named immunothrombosis, which is at the basis of several infectious and inflammation-related thrombotic disorders, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In advanced stages, alterations in both coagulation and immune cell function due to extreme inflammation lead to an increase in blood coagulability, with high rates of thrombosis and mortality. Therefore, understanding underlying mechanisms in immunothrombosis has become decisive for the development of more efficient therapies to treat and prevent thrombosis in COVID-19 and in other thrombotic disorders. In this review, we outline the existing knowledge on the molecular and cellular processes involved in immunothrombosis, focusing on the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), platelets and the coagulation pathway. We also describe how the deregulation of hemostasis is associated with pathological conditions and can significantly aggravate a patient's condition, using COVID-19 as a clinical model.

Introdução: Documentos orientadores de alimentação adequada e saudável destacam a importância da culinária doméstica para sua promoção. Vídeos educativos vêm sendo utilizados como estratégias de educação alimentar e nutricional e são promissores para a abordagem da culinária doméstica. Objetivo: Apresentar o percurso metodológico de construção da websérie “Cidinha dá Jeito” e analisar a convergência dos conteúdos dos episódios com os guias alimentares brasileiros e com o Modelo Conceitual de Autonomia Culinária (MCAC). Métodos: Na primeira fase, elaboração da websérie, foram conduzidas seis etapas: escolha das bases conceituais; definição do público de interesse; elaboração preliminar de temas e conteúdos dos vídeos; oficinas de escuta; sistematização das contribuições, versão final dos temas e conteúdos e elaboração dos roteiros; e definição da plataforma virtual para divulgação e produção dos vídeos. Na segunda fase, analisou-se a convergência dos conteúdos dos episódios com os guias alimentares e o MCAC. Resultados: Após quatro oficinas de escuta com o público de interesse e especialistas, foi desenvolvida uma websérie composta por 21 episódios com recursos para acessibilidade comunicacional, cada um com duração de até sete minutos, tendo como audiência prioritária famílias de baixa renda e usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde. Em abril de 2024, a websérie registrou 20.773 visualizações no canal do YouTube®. Os conteúdos dos guias alimentares brasileiros e do MCAC permeiam todos os episódios. Conclusão: A websérie, com potencial de amplo alcance e avanços na acessibilidade, busca reconhecer a complexidade da culinária e favorecer a implementação das recomendações sobre alimentação adequada e saudável.

This article aims to analyze Sino-Russian energy cooperation. Energy cooperation is the cornerstone in the relations between Russia and China. The Russian interest in this cooperation is to assure demand for the country’s energy exports, to acquire investment capital, and to benefit from Chinese labour. On the Chinese side, the aim has been to obtain access to Russian natural resources and to invest surplus capital. Despite the overlap in supply and demand, as well as the geographical proximity, the Russian energy market is directed towards Europe, while Chinese energy demand primarily is covered by the Middle East and Central Asia. The need for energy diversification has changed this situation and spurred Sino-Russian cooperation. The article is structured in three parts: it first presents Sino-Russian energy trade, secondly, it treats the agreements signed between both countries, and finally, it analyses energy cooperation. We concluded that this cooperation tends to endure due to the energy-related ties formed as part of the long-term agreements and construction of infrastructure. Also, that this cooperation is of a strategic nature for both countries, as it offers an alternative to other energy relations and provides the necessary room of maneuver to defend central political and security-related interests.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como os Textos de Divulgação Científica (TDC) estão associados ao Ensino de Ciências nas publicações nacionais em periódicos do Portal de Periódicos da CAPES no período entre 2012 e 2022. Realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica utilizando os termos “Ensino de Ciências”, “Divulgação Científica” e “Textos de Divulgação Científica” no título, resumo, palavras-chave e assunto. Os artigos foram analisados e classificados em quatro categorias definidas a posteriori, com base na Análise de Conteúdo Categorial Temática de Bardin: “atividades”, “documental”, “levantamento” e “outros”. Encontramos 36 trabalhos, com destaque para as categorias “atividades” e “documental”. Observamos uma carência de trabalhos que investigam a aplicação de TDC em sala de aula da educação básica com relatos de dificuldade do uso de TDC por parte dos professores. Verificamos também a necessidade de cursos de aperfeiçoamento para professores da educação básica e a inclusão de atividades envolvendo TDC na formação inicial.

Abstract Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors play an important role in the genesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D). In the genetic context, one of the strategies used to investigate possible associations with diabetes is the search for Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), involving the comparison of alelle frequencies, the phenotypic variations and other relevant factors, such as environmental influences and lifestyle choices, Thus, the aim of this study was to find the relationship of risk variants for T2D in SNPs (rs4994) in the ADRB3 gene; (rs1799854) in the ABCC8 gene; (rs7901695 and rs12255372) in the TCF7L2 gene; and (rs8050136) in the FTO gene in a sample of the population of the municipality of Santarém (PA), Brazilian Amazon, in the northern region of Brazil. ABCC8 (rs1799854 C>T) showed a statistically significant association with T2D. Each chosen gene and SNP has been previously implicated in T2D risk according to existing scientific literature, owing to their roles in glucose regulation and body fat.

This dataset consists of 190,832 manually-digitized cropland field boundaries, with associated attributes, within Brazil, Ukraine, United States of America, Canada, and Russia. Specifically, 22 regions of various sizes (74km2 – 38,000km2) spanning 5 countries were digitized over a range of predominant crop types over different time periods. These field boundaries were drawn over 20 m Sentinel-2 imagery. This field boundary dataset is a byproduct of a larger effort to map cropland burned area (Global Cropland Area Burned: GloCAB product [1]), however, it has several benefits beyond its original intent, including as a training dataset for machine-learning field size analyses, or a dataset to derive cropland field characteristics across different predominant crop types and geographies.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and correlate the bacterial profile identified in blood cultures, urine cultures and vertebral biopsies in patients at Hospital Santa Marcelina in São Paulo - SP. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 20 patients affected by spondylodiscitis. Blood culture, urine culture, and spinal biopsy results were evaluated, in addition to sex and age. Results: The sample consisted of 20 patients, between 32 and 79 years old, predominantly male, diagnosed with spondylodiscitis. Most blood culture and urine culture results were negative, 80% and 65%, respectively. Among the spinal biopsy samples, 60% identified pathogens. When correlating the samples, 50% of the blood culture and biopsy cases presented the same result; however, between urine culture and biopsy, none identified the same germ between the samples. Conclusion: It is concluded that results from blood cultures, urine cultures, and spinal biopsies may frequently differ, making biopsy essential in diagnosing and treating spondylodiscitis. Level of Evidence IV; Cross-Sectional Study.

No âmbito da legislação brasileira, a escolarização das pessoas jovens e adultas sem a educação básica é um direito incorporado no sistema público de ensino que requer acompanhamento e avaliação das condições em que se opera o respeito ao pleno atendimento deste dever constitucional. Os esforços empreendidos pelo poder local efetivam o direito educacional dessa população? A questão norteou um estudo amplo com 29 municípios mineiros inicialmente, dos quais o aprofundamento ocorreu com 10 municípios, tendo como preocupação central verificar o provimento da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) em um momento em que turmas e escolas são fechadas em todo o País. Serão apresentadas, neste artigo, as etapas quanti-qualitativas que retrataram a contagem de escolas e de matrículas do Ensino Fundamental EJA e a validação dos dados pelos gestores municipais. O mapeamento apontou acentuada tendência negativa das matrículas em conformidade com a realidade nacional. Buscou-se compreender essa realidade educacional pelo olhar dos coordenadores municipais da EJA. A análise compreensiva aponta que, na EJA dos municípios, convergem tensões multilaterais que se associam à descontinuidade do executivo e às condições políticas da oferta municipal e seus desdobramentos. As singularidades apresentadas são quanto à elaboração de materiais didáticos próprios e ao horário de aula diurno. Ressalta-se a importância do monitoramento da oferta de EJA na agenda municipal visto ser uma arena em que disputam vontade política e capacidade administrativa.

Apresentação do número 35 da REVELL.

Realizou-se este estudo com o objetivo de avaliar a funcionalidade nutricional do complexo xilanolítico produzido a partir de fungos da linhagem Aspergillus japonicus var. aculeatus UFMS 48.136, oriundo do bioma Cerrado/Pantanal sul mato-grossense em comparação à xilanase comercial, em dietas de suínos. Foram utilizados dezesseis suínos machos, com peso inicial de 64,23 ± 10,5 kg, distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro dietas: controle, formulado de acordo com as recomendações nutricionais; controle negativo, formulado com redução de 100 Kcal / kg de energia metabolizável (EM); controle negativo + xilanase Cerrado / Pantanal; controle negativo + xilanase comercial; com quatro repetições cada. A suplementação das xilanases proporcionou maiores (P0,05) da dieta controle. A inclusão das xilanases proporcionou aumento (P0,05) nos valores de digestibilidade e de CD entre as xilanase Cerrado/Pantanal e Comercial. A inclusão das xilanases possibilita a redução de 100 Kcal de EM por kg da dieta. A xilanase Cerrado / Pantanal possui a mesma eficiência nutricional em comparação com a xilanase comercial.

O artigo propõe estudar o modo como o gênero maravilhoso é abordado contemporaneamente pelo escritor indiano Salman Rushdie em narrativas que se valem do realismo mágico como maneira de subverter a história legitimada. Também trata do resgate da memória e do maravilhoso por meio da figura do contador de histórias, além de abordar a questão da liberdade de expressão tolhida por regimes ditatoriais. Para tanto foram escolhidas duas obras infanto-juvenis: Haroun e o mar de histórias e Luka e o fogo da vida, que serão analisadas à luz de teorias pós-modernas.

Objective: to describe the process of developing a terminological subset for the International Classification of Nursing Practice in Diabetes Mellitus, based on Horta’s Basic Human Needs Theory and Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory. Method: a methodological study based on the identification in the literature of 313 statements of nursing diagnoses pertinent to diabetes care, selected and validated by a consensus of nurses from different states of Brazil, specialists in diabetes, using the nominal group technique. Results: 156 nursing diagnosis/result statements were selected, of which 111 (71.15%) related to psychobiological needs, 42 (26.92%) to psychosocial needs and three (1.92%) to psychospiritual needs. A total of 433 nursing interventions were developed. The diagnostic statements were validated on the basis of a consensus among the experts, with an average content validity index of 0.89: 0.87 for psychobiological needs, 0.93 for psychosocial needs, and 0.77 for psychospiritual needs. Conclusion: the study validated the terminological subset for the International Classification of Nursing Practice in Diabetes, favoring clinical reasoning, the qualification of the Nursing Process, and the improvement of self-care practices in diabetes. It has made it possible to use nursing’s own language based on a globally recognized classification.

Este artigo, embasado na Teoria Semiolinguística, concebida por Patrick Charaudeau, analisa como se constitui o ethos e o pathos discursivos do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva na entrevista ao Flow Podcast, veiculado em 18 de outubro de 2022, doze dias antes do segundo turno das eleições presidenciais, disputadas com o ex-presidente Jair Messias Bolsonaro. Como ancoragem teórico-metodológica, mobilizaram-se as noções de ethos e pathos aplicadas ao discurso político como estratégias de persuasão, conforme Charaudeau (2018). Os resultados da análise revelaram que o presidente Lula optou por uma estratégia discursiva marcada pela predominância de ethé que almejam despertar a confiança do auditório, como as figuras de chefe e virtude. A desqualificação de seu adversário, Jair Bolsonaro, foi uma estratégia de construção do pathos amplamente empregada pelo presidente, a fim de instaurar uma imagem de salvador perante seu interlocutor.

O presente estudo aborda a questão do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) na Universidade, em especial sobre as implicações da invisibilidade da pessoa com TEA e do capacitismo para a dignidade existencial, no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Realizado por meio de revisão sistemática de dados indiretos disponíveis em publicações científicas, o artigo estrutura o assunto em três unidades. A primeira desenvolve a caracterização da universidade como espaço de convivência. A segunda trata especificamente do Transtorno do Espectro Autista e da invisibilidade social que o acompanha. Por fim, considerando a realidade do processo ensino-aprendizagem, o texto confronta os conceitos de capacitismo e convivência digna. Entre outros aspectos, o estudo indica que, das práticas pedagógicas aos instrumentos de avaliação, o ensino-aprendizagem demanda novas abordagens considerando o cenário das neurodiversidades. As instituições de ensino superior deparam-se com o desafio de prover conteúdos formativos, em uma realidade social orientada por garantias que, entre outros aspectos, reconhecem na individualidade o pressuposto do respeito às diferenças. Nesse contexto, o capacitismo representa um conceito relacionado a barreiras atitudinais que comprometem a dignidade existencial das pessoas com TEA, fato cuja transformação efetiva envolve produção de espaços de diálogo aberto e altero, bem como o reconhecimento do valor positivo das diferenças.

Introduction: The aesthetic procedure market is growing exponentially in Brazil. This growth has aroused the interest of several professional categories. The decision to practice in the sector must consider the market opportunities in the location in which you intend to operate. However, the area lacks comparative analyses documenting probable regional differences in the country. The objective of the study is to describe market differences in aesthetic procedures between Brazilian states and regions. An index of potential cosmetic consumption (IPCC) is calculated for such a comparative analysis. Method: Cross-sectional study involving providers of nonsurgical aesthetic procedures in Brazil. Searches on Google Maps® were conducted using key terms, and telephone interviews were conducted to obtain information on professional categories, types of providers, and services offered. Positive predictive values were obtained for all search strategies and used to estimate the total number of providers. Population size and per capita income were considered to calculate the IPCCs for Brazilian states. Results: São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro presented the highest IPCCs, being 524, 210, and 180, respectively. Roraima had an IPCC of 14, the lowest in the country. The Southeast Region presented, on average, the highest IPCC (242) among all Brazilian regions. Conclusion: Considering population size and income, the Southeast Region presents the greatest market opportunities for nonsurgical aesthetic procedures in Brazil. Our findings may be of interest to healthcare professionals and investors who work or intend to work in the sector.

The bat Furipterus horrens (Cuvier, 1828) is endemic to the Neotropics, and in Brazil, it is widespread. However, there are few records in the Amazon Region where it is known only from the states of Amazonas and Pará. Here, we report the occurrence of a colony of F. horrens in an anthropogenic environment in the Brazilian Amazon. This type of habitat has not been previously reported for this species. We also compile and update the known occurrences of F. horrens in Brazil. Our new data brings to the number of localities for this species in Brazil to 76.

Abstract Dung removal by macrofauna such as dung beetles is an important process for nutrient cycling in pasturelands. Intensification of farming practices generally reduces species and functional diversity of terrestrial invertebrates, which may negatively affect ecosystem services. Here, we investigate the effects of cattle-grazing intensification on dung removal by dung beetles in field experiments replicated in 38 pastures around the world. Within each study site, we measured dung removal in pastures managed with low- and high-intensity regimes to assess between-regime differences in dung beetle diversity and dung removal, whilst also considering climate and regional variations. The impacts of intensification were heterogeneous, either diminishing or increasing dung beetle species richness, functional diversity, and dung removal rates. The effects of beetle diversity on dung removal were more variable across sites than within sites. Dung removal increased with species richness across sites, while functional diversity consistently enhanced dung removal within sites, independently of cattle grazing intensity or climate. Our findings indicate that, despite intensified cattle stocking rates, ecosystem services related to decomposition and nutrient cycling can be maintained when a functionally diverse dung beetle community inhabits the human-modified landscape.

Stored maize is frequently attacked by different pests, such as insects and microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioactivities of sulcatone (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one) against the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais and the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium verticillioides, Aspergillus flavus, and A. parasiticus. Sulcatone showed a strong repellent effect with a maximum value of −92.1 ± 3.2% at 40 µM in two-choice olfactometer bioassays and an LC95 value of 17.2 µL/L air (95% 16.5–18.1) in a fumigant toxicity experiment. The antifungal effect of sulcatone was evaluated through the fumigant method, reporting MIC values of 3.5, 3.8, and 3.9 mM for F. verticillioides, A. parasiticus, and A. flavus, respectively. Additionally, a silo-bag experiment containing all pests was conducted to evaluate the potential use of sulcatone in a real storage system. Sulcatone caused 71.69 ± 1.57% weevil mortality in silo-bags and proved to be effective as a fungicidal and antimycotoxigenic agent since both ergosterol and fumonisin B1 content were significantly reduced by 60% in silo-bags containing sulcatone. This study demonstrated that sulcatone has the potential to be used for the control of both insects and fungi of stored maize, without affecting the germination of grains.

Background: Continued breastfeeding reduces infant mortality and provides nutritional, immunological, and developmental benefits for the child. Objectives: A prospective cohort study conducted in 2015 followed 608 children who were breastfed between 6 and 24 months. The study assessed the risk of breastfeeding interruption at 12, 18, and 24 months, as well as the factors associated with this outcome, in a cohort of newborns in Rio Branco, using the life table method. Methods: The factors associated with breastfeeding cessation and their 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) were analyzed using both crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression in a hierarchical model. The risks of breastfeeding cessation at 12, 18, and 24 months were 19%, 65%, and 71%, respectively. Results: Factors positively associated with the risk of breastfeeding cessation include the use of a pacifier before 6 weeks of age (HR = 1.62; CI: 95% 1.24–2.11) and the use of a bottle during the first year of life (HR = 1.41; CI: 95% 1.11–1.78). Maternal return to work after the birth of the baby (HR = 0.78; CI: 95% 0.62–0.97) was found to be negatively associated with the risk of breastfeeding interruption. Conclusions: Early pacifier use before 6 weeks and the introduction of a bottle in the first year affect continued breastfeeding. Maternal employment was associated with reduced risk of breastfeeding cessation, contrary to most studies.

Cannabigerol (CBG), a phytocannabinoid, has shown promise in pain management. Previous studies by our research group identified an increase in pain sensitivity as a consequence of prenatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in an animal model. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of CBG in acute and chronic hyperalgesia induced by prenatal HI. A pharmacological screening was first conducted using hot plate and open-field tests to evaluate the antinociceptive and locomotor activities of animals administered with a 50 mg/kg oral dose of cannabis extract with a high CBG content. Prenatal HI was induced in pregnant rats, and the offspring were used to evaluate the acute antinociceptive effect of CBG in the formalin-induced peripheral pain model, while chronic antinociceptive effects were observed through spinal nerve ligation (SNL) surgery, a model used to induce neuropathic pain. Our results show that CBG exhibited an antinociceptive effect in the hot plate test without affecting the animals’ motor function in the open-field test. CBG significantly reduced formalin-induced reactivity in HI offspring during both the neurogenic and inflammatory phases. CBG treatment alleviated thermal and mechanical hypernociception induced by SNL. Biomolecular analysis revealed CBG’s ability to modulate expression, particularly reducing TNFα and Nav1.7 in HI male and female rats, respectively. These results highlight CBG as a potential antinociceptive agent in acute and chronic pain models, suggesting it as a promising therapeutic option without inducing motor impairment. Further research is needed to fully elucidate its mechanisms and clinical applications in pain management.

Abstract Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution.

Microplastic pollution has become a global environmental concern with detrimental effects on ecosystems and human health. Effective removal of microplastics from water sources is crucial to mitigate their impacts. Advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) have emerged as promising strategies for the degradation and elimination of microplastics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the application of AOPs in the removal of microplastics from water. Various AOPs, such as photocatalysis, ozonation, and Fenton-like processes, have shown significant potential for microplastic degradation. These processes generate highly reactive species, such as hydroxyl radicals, which can break down microplastics into smaller fragments or even mineralize them into harmless byproducts. The efficiency of photocatalytic oxidation depends on several factors, including the choice of photocatalysts, reaction conditions, and the physicochemical properties of microplastics. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges associated with photocatalytic oxidation, such as the need for optimization of operating parameters and the potential formation of harmful byproducts. Overall, photocatalytic oxidation offers a promising avenue for the removal of microplastics from water, contributing to the preservation of aquatic ecosystems and safeguarding human health. However, further research is needed to address the limitations and optimize the implementation of this process for effective and sustainable microplastic remediation.

Introdução: O ciclo PDCA, cujo significado é plan, do, check, act(planejar, fazer, checar/revisar e agir), é uma ferramenta de qualidade que pode ser utilizada em diversos processos em serviços de alimentação. Objetivo: Verificar a efetividade de implementação do ciclo PDCA na qualidade higiênico-sanitária de um serviço de alimentação em um projeto social (SAPS) em uma cidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: A pesquisa foi desenvolvida através da aplicação da ferramenta ciclo PDCA. Para avaliação da qualidade higiênico-sanitária, foi utilizada a lista de verificação da Portaria SES/RS nº 78/2009, aplicada em três momentos distintos entre os meses de outubro de 2022 a maio de 2023. Os dados foram analisados em termos de frequências e realizou-se análise de variância (ANOVA) entre as aplicações. Resultados: Na primeira aplicação, foram encontrados 38,33% de adequação; na segunda, 56,67%; e na terceira, 70,83%, observando-se um crescimento total de 32,5%. Foram elaborados e implementados parcialmente cinco planos de ação –Treinamentos, Documentos, Compras, Reformas e Orçamentos–, utilizando a ferramenta 5W2H. As categorias que mais obtiveram melhoria durante o estudo foram manipuladores, de 23,08% para 53,84%; exposição ao consumo do alimento preparado, de 33,33% para 50%; e preparação do alimento, de 23,53% para 41,18%. Conclusão: No presente estudo, conclui-se que o ciclo PDCA foi eficaz para a melhoria da qualidade higiênico-sanitária do SAPS

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to verify oral candidiasis, identify the causative species, and investigate the antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolated from liver transplant patients. Methods A descriptive analysis of 97 patients who underwent liver transplantation was conducted at a hospital. Two clinical examinations (Collections A and B) of the oral cavity were performed. Oral material was collected from all patients, inoculated in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, and incubated at 35℃ for 48 hours. Samples were identified by molecular sequencing of the internal trascribed space region of rDNA. Results An antifungal susceptibility test with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and micafungin was performed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute yeast broth microdilution method. Among the patients, 15 presented with oral candidiasis: eight in Collection A and seven in Collection B. The primary type of candidiasis was atrophic, followed by pseudomembranous candidiasis. The most prevalent species was Candida albicans (nine), followed by Candida glabrata (three), Candida tropicalis (two), and Candida dubliniensis (one). Regarding susceptibility to fluconazole, of the 15 samples, 11 were susceptible, three were susceptible in a dose-dependent manner, and one was resistant. Conclusion The most commonly identified type of candidiasis was atrophic, with C. albicans and C. glabrata being the most prevalent causative species. One fluconazole-resistant isolate each of C. tropicalis and C. albicans were identified.

A inserção da extensão nos currículos representa uma ferramenta estratégica para a reorientação do ensino superior, visando maior integração da universidade, serviços e comunidades. Este trabalho apresenta a experiência de implantação da Formação em Extensão no curso de Graduação em Gestão de Serviços de Saúde da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, que decorreu de um projeto piloto desenvolvido entre os anos de 2021 e2022. Esta experiência se constituiu a partir de uma atividade prática que proporcionou a articulação e a integração de duas disciplinas obrigatórias do currículo a dois projetos de extensão, envolvendo municípios de pequeno porte do estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um instrumento de avaliação de saúde que permitiu o diagnóstico situacional de municípios, considerando as dimensões demográfica, epidemiológica, socioeconômica e da organização dos serviços de saúde. Este instrumento permitiu aos alunos um aprendizado crítico e coletivo, que articulou a teoria à experiência concreta da gestão, do planejamento e da vigilância em saúde. Consideramos que este relato apresenta uma experiência exitosa para a inserção da Formação em Extensão em currículos de cursos da Saúde Coletiva na medida em que inova e potencializa o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de forma crítica, podemos ser apoio e inspiração para a desafiadora inserção da extensão nos currículos dos cursos da área da saúde. Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas; Diagnóstico Situacional; Planejamento Estratégico; Gestão em Saúde Instrument to assist the insertion of University Extension in public Health Curriculum: An experience report Abstract: Including extension in curricula represents a strategic tool for reorientating higher education, involving greater integration of the university, services, and communities. This work presents the experience of implementing Extension Training in the Undergraduate course in Health Services Management at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). This paper is a descriptive study of the experience report type, which resulted from a pilot project developed between 2021 and 2022. This experience is based on a practical activity that provided the articulation and integration of two mandatory subjects from the curriculum to two extension projects involving small municipalities in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. To this end, a health assessment instrument was developed that allowed the situational diagnosis of municipalities, considering the demographic, epidemiological, socioeconomic, and organizational dimensions of health services. This instrument helped the classes to provide critical and collective learning, which articulates theory with the concrete experience of management, planning, and health of Extension Training in Public Health course curricula as it innovates and enhances the teaching-learning process critically, and can be support and inspiration for the insertion of extension in curricula of health courses. Keywords: Problem-Based Learning; Situational Diagnosis; Strategic Planning; Health Management

Coagulation activation in immunothrombosis involves various pathways distinct from classical hemostasis, offering potential therapeutic targets to control inflammation-induced hypercoagulability while potentially sparing hemostasis. The Angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway, previously linked to embryonic angiogenesis and sepsis-related endothelial barrier regulation, was recently associated with coagulation activation in sepsis and COVID-19. This study explores the connection between key mediators of the Angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway and coagulation activation. The study included COVID-19 patients with hypoxia and healthy controls. Blood samples were processed to obtain platelet-free plasma, and frozen until analysis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in plasma were characterized and quantified using flow cytometry, and their tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity was measured using a kinetic chromogenic method. Several markers of hemostasis were assessed. Levels of ANGPT1, ANGPT2, and soluble Tie2 correlated with markers of coagulation and platelet activation. EVs from platelets and endothelial cells were increased in COVID-19 patients, and a significant increase in TF+ EVs derived from endothelial cells was observed. In addition, ANGPT2 levels were associated with TF expression and activity in EVs. In conclusion, we provide further evidence for the involvement of the Angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway in the coagulopathy of COVID-19 mediated in part by release of EVs as a potential source of TF activity.