48 results on '"Fancello, Eduardo Alberto"'
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2. Limitations of poromechanical first-order computational homogenization for the representation of micro-scale volume changes
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Thiesen, José Luís Medeiros, Klahr, Bruno, Carniel, Thiago André, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2024
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3. Tether pre-tension within vertebral body tethering reduces motion of the spine and influences coupled motion: a finite element analysis
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Nicolini, Luis Fernando, Oliveira, Rafael Carreira, Ribeiro, Marx, Stoffel, Marcus, Markert, Bernd, Kobbe, Philipp, Hildebrand, Frank, Trobisch, Per, Simões, Marcelo Simoni, de Mello Roesler, Carlos Rodrigo, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2024
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4. Full-waveform inversion using level set and cut elements for sharp-interface problems
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Emmendoerfer, Hélio, Jr., Bastos de Castro, Paulo, Carmo, Bruno Souza, Carlos Nelli Silva, Emílio, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2023
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5. On the contribution of solid and fluid behavior to the modeling of the time-dependent mechanics of tendons under semi-confined compression
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Klahr, Bruno, Lanzendorf, Jonas Zin, Thiesen, José Luís Medeiros, Pinto, Otávio Teixeira, Müller, Liz Girardi, Carniel, Thiago André, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2023
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6. Effect of Thermo-mechanical Post-treatments on Injection-Molded PLGA 85:15 Maxillofacial Plates
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Neto, Fernando Machuca, Deon, Vinicius Gonçalves, de Mello Roesler, Carlos Rodrigo, Fancello, Eduardo Alberto, and Salmoria, Gean Vitor
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- 2023
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7. A variational RVE-based multiscale poromechanical formulation applied to soft biological tissues under large deformations
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Klahr, Bruno, Thiesen, José Luís Medeiros, Pinto, Otávio Teixeira, Carniel, Thiago André, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2023
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8. A numerical study of the contact geometry and pressure distribution along the glenoid track
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Junior, Alexandre Neves Trichez, Pécora, José Otávio Reggi, Neto, Arnaldo Amado Ferreira, Roesler, Carlos Rodrigo de Mello, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2022
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9. An experimental-numerical method for the calibration of finite element models of the lumbar spine
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Nicolini, Luis Fernando, Beckmann, Agnes, Laubach, Markus, Hildebrand, Frank, Kobbe, Philipp, Mello Roesler, Carlos Rodrigo de, Fancello, Eduardo Alberto, Markert, Bernd, and Stoffel, Marcus
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- 2022
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10. A level set-based optimized design of multi-material compliant mechanisms considering stress constraints
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Emmendoerfer, Hélio, Jr., Maute, Kurt, Fancello, Eduardo Alberto, and Silva, Emílio Carlos Nelli
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- 2022
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11. Cell mechanics: Are poroviscoelastic parameters reliable?
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Klahr, Bruno, Pinto, Otávio Teixeira, Carniel, Thiago André, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2021
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12. A study on the response of PLGA 85/15 under compression and heat-treatment testing cycles
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de Castro, Paulo Bastos, Salmoria, Gean Vitor, Roesler, Carlos Rodrigo de Mello, da Rosa, Edison, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2021
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13. Numerical study on the effect of stent shape on suture forces in stent-grafts
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Dalbosco, Misael, Roesler, Carlos Rodrigo de Mello, Silveira, Pierre Galvagni, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2020
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14. Glenoid track evaluation by a validated finite-element shoulder numerical model
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Pécora, José Otávio Reggi, Neves Junior, Alexandre T., Roesler, Carlos Rodrigo M., Fancello, Eduardo Alberto, Malavolta, Eduardo A., Gracitelli, Mauro Emilio C., Assunção, Jorge Henrique, and Neto, Arnaldo Amado F.
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- 2020
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15. Stress-constrained level set topology optimization for compliant mechanisms
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Emmendoerfer, Hélio, Jr., Fancello, Eduardo Alberto, and Silva, Emílio Carlos Nelli
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- 2020
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16. A variational framework for the modeling of glassy polymers under finite strains
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Farias, Jan-Michel C., Stainier, Laurent, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2020
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17. A numerical insight on the pericellular matrix and elastin fibers in the multiscale mechanics of tendon fascicles
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Carniel, Thiago André and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2019
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18. An experimental and numerical study on the transverse deformations in tensile test of tendons
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Carniel, Thiago André, Formenton, Ana Bárbara Krummenauer, Klahr, Bruno, Vassoler, Jakson Manfredini, de Mello Roesler, Carlos Rodrigo, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2019
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19. Stress-constrained level set topology optimization for design-dependent pressure load problems
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Emmendoerfer, Hélio, Jr., Silva, Emílio Carlos Nelli, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2019
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20. A multiscale numerical approach for the finite strains analysis of materials reinforced with helical fibers
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Carniel, Thiago André, Klahr, Bruno, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2018
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21. A variational homogenization approach applied to the multiscale analysis of the viscoelastic behavior of tendon fascicles
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Carniel, Thiago André and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2019
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22. Structural topology optimization under limit analysis
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Fin, Juliano, Borges, Lavinia Alves, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2019
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23. A study on the computational effort of hyper-dual numbers to evaluate derivatives in geometrically nonlinear hyperelastic trusses
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Endo, Vitor Takashi, Fancello, Eduardo Alberto, and Muñoz-Rojas, Pablo Andrés
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- 2021
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24. Coupled ductile–hydrolytic damage model based on variational constitutive updates
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de Castro, Paulo Bastos and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2017
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25. A transversely isotropic coupled hyperelastic model for the mechanical behavior of tendons
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Carniel, Thiago André and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2017
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26. A computational homogenization approach for uniaxial stress state analyses of wavy fibrous materials
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Carniel, Thiago André, Lazzari, Mauricio, Klahr, Bruno, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2020
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27. Topology optimization with local stress constraint based on level set evolution via reaction–diffusion
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Emmendoerfer, Hélio, Jr. and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2016
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28. Modeling the local viscoelastic behavior of living cells under nanoindentation tests
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Carniel, Thiago Andre and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2017
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29. Is the fluid volume fraction equal to the water content in tendons? Insights on biphasic modeling
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Carniel, Thiago André, Eckert, João Paulo, Atuatti, Eduarda Bordignon, Klahr, Bruno, Thiesen, José Luís Medeiros, Mentges, Julia, Pinto, Otávio Teixeira, Müller, Liz Girardi, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2023
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30. Developments in the application of the generalized finite element method to thick shell problems
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Garcia, Oscar A., Fancello, Eduardo Alberto, and de Tarso R. Mendonça, Paulo
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- 2009
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31. On multiscale boundary conditions in the computational homogenization of an RVE of tendon fascicles
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Carniel, Thiago André, Klahr, Bruno, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2019
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32. An investigation of coupled solution algorithms for finite‐strain poroviscoelasticity applied to soft biological tissues.
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Klahr, Bruno, Medeiros Thiesen, José Luís, Teixeira Pinto, Otávio, Carniel, Thiago André, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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BIOMECHANICS ,TISSUE mechanics ,EXTRACELLULAR fluid ,FLUID flow ,ALGORITHMS ,TISSUES - Abstract
Poroviscoelastic models have been widely employed to the modeling of hydrated biological tissues, since they allow to investigate the biomechanical responses associated with the interstitial fluid flow. Such problems present strong physical couplings arising from material and geometrical nonlinearities. In this regard, the present study investigates the numerical performance of five biphasic solution algorithms within the context of soft biological tissues: monolithic, drained, undrained, fixed‐strain, and fixed‐stress scheme. To this end, two classical tests were studied within a finite element framework: confined and unconfined compression tests. Since these tests behave differently in terms of biphasic coupling, the sensitivity of different permeability values and time increments to the algorithms' performance were assessed. The results highlight that iterative techniques perform well over the monolithic one for weak coupling cases but suffer from lack of convergence when the coupling strength increases. This means that, in contrast to what is recommended in the vast majority of geomechanics papers, the iteratively‐coupled schemes are not always well‐suited methods for problems related to soft biological tissues mechanics. The monolithic scheme thus emerges as the most reliable choice to solve biphasic problems in a biomechanics context, specifically when high coupling strength problems and small time increments take place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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33. Second-order design sensitivity analysis using diagonal hyper-dual numbers.
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Endo, Vitor Takashi, Fancello, Eduardo Alberto, and Muñoz-Rojas, Pablo Andrés
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SENSITIVITY analysis ,STRUCTURAL optimization ,HESSIAN matrices ,VECTOR valued functions ,MATHEMATICAL optimization - Abstract
Although sensitivity analysis provides valuable information for structural optimization, it is often difficult to use the Hessian in large models since many methods still suffer from inaccuracy, inefficiency, or limitation issues. In this context, we report the theoretical description of a general sensitivity procedure that calculates the diagonal terms of the Hessian matrix by using a new variant of hyper-dual numbers as derivative tool. We develop a diagonal variant of hyper-dual numbers and their arithmetic to obtain the exact derivatives of tensor-valued functions of a vector argument, which comprise the main contributions of this work. As this differentiation scheme represents a general black-box tool, we supply the computer implementation of the hyper-dual formulation in Fortran. By focusing on the diagonal terms, the proposed sensitivity scheme is significantly lighter in terms of computational costs, facilitating the application in engineering problems. As an additional strategy to improve efficiency, we highlight that we perform the derivative calculation at the element-level. This work can contribute to many studies since the sensitivity scheme can adapt itself to numerous finite element formulations or problem settings. The proposed method promotes the usage of second-order optimization algorithms, which may allow better convergence rates to solve intricate problems in engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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34. Mechanical characterization of hydrolysis effects on the stiffness of bioabsorbable polymeric filaments: An experimental and modeling approach based on a simple constitutive damage model.
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Carniel, Thiago André, de Castro, Paulo Bastos, Santos, André Luiz Grando, de Mello Roesler, Carlos Rodrigo, Breitenbach, Everton Rafael, Salmoria, Gean Vitor, Morozo, Mário Augusto, Colaço, Pablo Antônio, Fiori, Márcio Antônio, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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DAMAGE models ,BIOABSORBABLE implants ,FIBERS ,PARTICLE swarm optimization ,STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) ,YARN - Abstract
This manuscript presents an experimental and modeling approach in order to characterize the stiffness loss of bioabsorbable polymer filaments due to hydrolysis. In this regard, bioabsorbable suture yarns (poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid—PLGA) were chosen as a representative material for the present investigation. The observed mechanical response was characterized by means of a thermodynamically consistent constitutive variational framework. Usually, two different damage variables are assumed to take place in this class of materials: a hydrolytic damage (long-term degradation) and a strain-driven damage (short-term degradation). This work concerns the proposition of a constitutive model that only considers the hydrolytic damage, in which a specific strain energy and a proper dissipation damage potential were tailored to model the tested material. A nonlinear curve fitting procedure based on Particle Swarm Optimization was performed to identify the constitutive parameters. A set of numerical simulations demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed constitutive model to predict damage-induced creep and damage-induced stress relaxation, behaviors that can be used as design criteria in absorbable implants. The main achieved results show that the proposed constitutive approach leads to a simple but effective model capable to drive the first steps in the design of absorbable biomedical devices. The present variational framework can be extended to study the constitutive response of other bioabsorbable polymers, accounting for viscous and/or plastic behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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35. Relevance of the hyperelastic behavior of cruciate ligaments in the modeling of the human knee joint in sagittal plane
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Ponce-Saldias, Daniel Alejandro, Martins, Daniel, de Mello-Roesler, Carlos Rodrigo, Teixeira-Pinto, Otavio, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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comportamiento hiperelástico ,mechanisms ,preoperative planning ,Davies' method ,planeamiento preoperatorio ,Modelaje de la rodilla ,método de Davies ,mecanismos ,Knee modeling - Abstract
The rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most common injury of the human knee. [A1] When surgery is required, it is helpful for orthopedic surgeons to scientifically define the best position for the graft, which approximates the functionality of an intact ACL. To accomplish that, it is crucial to estimate the force acting on the ligament (or graft) in response to an external load applied to the knee. This force is called the in-situ force. The objective of this research is to evidence the relevance of the hyperelastic behavior of cruciate ligaments in the two-dimensional modeling of the knee. To achieve this, a sequential method of modeling is proposed based on the theory of mechanisms and Davies' method. In a first approach the cruciate ligaments are treated as rigid bodies, and in a second approach, as hyperelastic bodies. These two approaches are then compared. The model provides information to assist the preoperative planning, by simulation of the ACL positions and in-situ forces. The proposed methodology consists of four steps and an experimental procedure performed by a robotic manipulator to obtain the in-situ forces. Experimental in-situ forces are used to validate the proposed model. Besides helping the preoperative planning, the model allows verifying two relevant biomechanical hypotheses: 1. During the simulation of the ACL in-situ force, the modeling of the cruciate ligaments as rigid links shows similar results to the modeling, which considers the hyperelastic behavior (more complex). 2. The ACL in-situ force can be well approximated when the knee is modeled as a two-dimensional four bar mechanism. Based on the results it can be concluded that the forces obtained by simulations that consider the hyperelastic behavior of the cruciate ligaments are close to the forces obtained by simulations that consider the cruciate ligaments as rigid bodies. It can also be noted that the simulated results are quite similar to the experimental results, which is important considering that the proposed model is simplified. La ruptura del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es la lesión más común de la rodilla humana. Cuando se requiere cirugía, es de mucha ayuda para los cirujanos definir científicamente el mejor punto de inserción del injerto, para que pueda tener una funcionalidad similar a la de un LCA intacto. Para esto, es crucial la estimación de la fuerza que actúa en el ligamento (o injerto) en respuesta a una carga externa aplicada sobre la rodilla. Esta fuerza es llamada fuerza in-situ. El objetivo de esta investigación es evidenciar la relevancia del comportamiento hiperelástico de los ligamentos cruzados en el modelaje bidimensional de la rodilla. Para ello, se propone una metodología secuencial de modelaje basándose en teoría de mecanismos y el método de Davies. En una primera aproximación, los ligamentos cruzados son considerados como cuerpos rígidos; en una segunda aproximación, como cuerpos con comportamiento hiperelástico. Esas dos aproximaciones son comparadas. El modelo proporciona informaciones que permiten asistir el planeamiento pre-operatorio, mediante la simulación de las posiciones y la fuerzas in-situ del LCA. La metodología propuesta consiste en cuatro pasos y considera un procedimiento experimental realizado mediante un manipulador robótico que obtiene las fuerzas in-situ. Las fuerzas in-situ experimentales son usadas para validar el modelo propuesto. Además de apoyar al planeamiento pre-operatorio, el modelo permite verificar dos hipótesis biomecánicas relevantes: 1. Para la simulación de la fuerza in-situ del LCA, el modelaje de los ligamentos cruzados como barras rígidas, presenta resultados semejantes a los del modelaje que considera el comportamiento hiperelástico (más elaborado). 2. Las fuerzas in-situ del LCA pueden ser aproximadas satisfactoriamente, cuando la rodilla es modelada como un mecanismo bidimensional de 4-barras. Con base en los resultados puede concluirse que las fuerzas obtenidas por simulaciones que consideran el comportamiento hiperelástico de los ligamentos cruzados, son muy próximas a aquellas fuerzas obtenidas en simulaciones que consideran los ligamentos cruzados como cuerpos rígidos. También se puede observar que los resultados simulados son bastante similares a los resultados experimentales, lo que es relevante considerando que el modelaje propuesto es simplificado.
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- 2015
36. Level set topology optimization for design-dependent pressure load problems.
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Emmendoerfer Jr., Hélio, Fancello, Eduardo Alberto, and Silva, Emílio Carlos Nelli
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TOPOLOGY ,HAMILTON-Jacobi equations ,REACTION-diffusion equations ,SET theory ,MECHANICAL loads - Abstract
This work presents a level set framework to solve the compliance topology optimization problem considering design-dependent pressure loads. One of the major technical difficulties related to this class of problem is the adequate association between the moving boundary and the pressure acting on it. This difficulty is easily overcome by the level set method that allows for a clear tracking of the boundary along the optimization process. In the present approach, a reaction-diffusion equation substitutes the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation to control the level set evolution. This choice has the advantages of allowing the nucleation of holes inside the domain and the elimination of the undesirable reinitialization steps. Moreover, the proposed algorithm allows merging pressurized (wet) boundaries with traction-free boundaries during level set movements. This last property, allied to the simplicity of the level set representation and successful combination with the reaction-diffusion based evolution applied to a design-dependent pressure load problem, represents the main contribution of this paper. Numerical examples provide successful results, many of which comparable with others found in the literature and solved with different techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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37. Effect of Injection Molding Melt Temperatures on PLGA Craniofacial Plate Properties during In Vitro Degradation.
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Melo, Liliane Pimenta de, Salmoria, Gean Vitor, Fancello, Eduardo Alberto, and Roesler, Carlos Rodrigo de Mello
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INJECTION molding ,CRYSTALLIZATION ,VISCOELASTICITY ,TEMPERATURE effect ,BIOMATERIALS - Abstract
The purpose of this article is to present mechanical and physicochemical properties during in vitro degradation of PLGA material as craniofacial plates based on different values of injection molded temperatures. Injection molded plates were submitted to in vitro degradation in a thermostat bath at 37 ± 1°C by 16 weeks. The material was removed after 15, 30, 60, and 120 days; then bending stiffness, crystallinity, molecular weights, and viscoelasticity were studied. A significant decrease of molecular weight and mechanical properties over time and a difference in FT-IR after 60 days showed faster degradation of the material in the geometry studied. DSC analysis confirmed that the crystallization occurred, especially in higher melt temperature condition. DMA analysis suggests a greater contribution of the viscous component of higher temperature than lower temperature in thermomechanical behavior. The results suggest that physical-mechanical properties of PLGA plates among degradation differ per injection molding temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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38. Variational Constituive Models for Soft Biological Tissues.
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Vassoler, Jakson Manfredini and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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- 2016
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39. Biomechanical performance of Bio Cross-Pin and EndoButton for ACL reconstruction at femoral side: a porcine model.
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Ocampo Moré, Ari Digiácomo, Almeida Pizzolatti, André Luiz, Fancello, Eduardo Alberto, and de Mello Roesler, Carlos Rodrigo
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ANTERIOR cruciate ligament ,TENSILE strength ,TENDONS ,BIOMECHANICS ,KNEE abnormalities - Abstract
Introduction: The method of graft fixation is critical in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. Success of surgery is totally dependent on the ability of the implant to secure the graft inside the bone tunnel until complete graft integration. The principle of EndoButton is based on the cortical suspension of the graft. The Cross-Pin is based on graft expansion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical performance of EndoButton and Bio Cross-Pin to fix the hamstring graft at femoral side of porcine knee joints and evaluate whether they are able to support of loading applied on graft during immediate post-operative tasks. Methods: Fourteen ACL reconstructions were carried out in porcine femurs fixing superficial flexor tendons with Titanium EndoButton (n = 7) and with 6 × 50 mm HA/PLLA Bio Cross-Pin (n = 7). A cyclic loading test was applied with 50-250 N of tensile force at 1 Hz for 1000 cycles. The displacement was measured at 20, 100, 500 and 1000 load cycles to quantify the slippage of the graft during the test. Single-cycle load-to-failure test was performed at 50 N/mm to measure fixation strength. Results: The laxity during cyclic loading and the displacement to failure during single-cycle test were lower for the Bio Cross-Pin fixation (8.21 ± 1.72 mm) than the EndoButton (11.20 ± 2.00 mm). The Bio Cross-Pin (112.22 ± 21.20 N.mm–1) was significantly stiffer than the EndoButton fixation (60.50 ±10.38 N.mm–1). There was no significant difference between Bio Cross-Pin (failure loading: 758.29 ± 188.05 N; yield loading: 713.67 ± 192.56 N) and EndoButton strength (failure loading: 672.52 ± 66.56 N; yield loading: 599.91 ± 59.64 N). Both are able to support the immediate post-operative loading applied (445 N). Conclusion: The results obtained in this experiment indicate that the Bio Cross-Pin technique promote stiffer fixation during cyclic loading as compared with EndoButton. Both techniques are able to support the immediate post-operative loading applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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40. A level set approach for topology optimization with local stress constraints.
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Emmendoerfer, Hélio and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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TOPOLOGY ,LAGRANGIAN functions ,MATHEMATICAL optimization ,COMPUTER simulation ,MATHEMATICAL analysis - Abstract
SUMMARY The purpose of this work is to present a level set-based approach for the structural topology optimization problem of mass minimization submitted to local stress constraints. The main contributions are threefold. First, the inclusion of local stress constraints by means of an augmented Lagrangian approach within the level set context. Second, the proposition of a constraint procedure that accounts for a continuous activation/deactivation of a finite number of local stress constraints during the optimization sequence. Finally, the proposition of a logarithmic scaling of the level set normal velocity as an additional regularization technique in order to improve the minimization sequence. A set of benchmark tests in two dimensions achieving successful numerical results assesses the good behavior of the proposed method. In these examples, it is verified that the algorithm is able to identify stress concentrations and drive the design to a feasible local minimum. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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41. The effects of tether pretension within vertebral body tethering on the biomechanics of the spine: a Finite Element analysis.
- Author
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Nicolini, Luis Fernando, Greven, Johannes, Kobbe, Philipp, Hildebrand, Frank, Stoffel, Marcus, Markert, Bernd, Yllera, Borja Martinez, Simões, Marcelo Simoni, de Mello Roesler, Carlos Rodrigo, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
- Subjects
- *
FINITE element method , *SPINE , *BIOMECHANICS , *LUMBAR vertebrae , *RANGE of motion of joints - Abstract
This study investigates the biomechanics of the spine after insertion of vertebral body tethering (VBT) with different cord pretensions. For that purpose, a Finite Element model of the average thoracolumbar spine was stepwise calibrated and validated. The VBT instrumentation was inserted in the left side of the L1-L2 segment with different cord pretensions. As a second test, the L1-L2 segment was submitted to an external pure moment of 6 Nm in left and right lateral bending. The range of motion (ROM) for the spine with VBT was determined with respect to its initial post VBT position. Pretension forces of 100 N and 300 N resulted in a change of scoliotic angle of 2.7° and 5.3° to the left side of the spine, respectively. The ROM of the native spine was 4.5° in right lateral bending and reduced to 1.8° and 1.4° for the cases of the spine with a cord pretension of 100 N and 300 N, respectively. In left lateral bending, the absolute ROM of the native spine was 4.6°. For the cases of a cord pretension of 100 N and 300 N, the spine bent 1.9° and 0.8° to the left side from its initial post VBT position, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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42. The effects of vertebral body tethering system on the biomechanics of the thoracolumbar spine
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Nicolini, Luis Fernando, Markert, Bernd, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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AVBT ,surgery technique idiopathic scoliosis ,idiopathische Skoliose ,ddc:620 ,Operationstechnik - Abstract
Anterior vertebral body tethering (AVBT) is an innovative fusionless surgery technique for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, where anchors and screws are inserted into the vertebral bodies at the lateral convex side of the spine. Subsequently, a flexible cord (tether) is connected to the screws heads while tension is applied to correct the spine deformity and stop its progression while allowing for continued spinal growth and mobility. To reduce the risk of tether breakage, surgeons introduced new configurations such as the use of an additional tether (double-tether) or a short rigid rod connecting some of the tethered vertebrae (hybrid). The first objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the kinematics of the human thoracolumbar spine (T10-L3) instrumented with AVBT considering single-tether, double-tether and hybrid technique inserted in the left side. Secondly, to numerically investigate the effects of cord tension within AVBT with single-tether. For that purpose, a Finite Element model the spine was developed. Identification algorithms were implemented to automate the complex task of calibration of the material properties while reducing the error between the numerical and the experimental moment-range of motion curves. The experimental results are derived from a stepwise resection study with human L1-L2 spinal specimens considering cuts of each ligament and the vertebral arches. The material properties of each spinal structure was calibrated individually in a stepwise manner. The flexibility tests were performed with custom-built machines capable of loading the spinal specimens in pure moment. The experimental results showed that the tested AVBT techniques preserved the global (T10-L3) range of motion (ROM) of the native spine in flexion–extension (> 90%) and axial rotation (> 87%) but reduced to approximately 30% in left lateral bending and 43% in right lateral bending. After calibration, the Finite Element model was capable of reproducing the experimental results in all loading directions and resection stages. The numerical stress-stretch ratio curves from tensile tests of single lamellae, angle of the fibers, ROM of the spine under combined loading and forces at facet joints also agreed with the experimental data. The L1-L2 model bended to the implant side 2.73°, 4.35°, and 5.35° for tether tension forces of 100 N, 200 N, and 300 N, respectively. Considering the postoperative position of the spine as the reference position, the ROM of the instrumented L1-L2 spine under 6 Nm in right lateral bending was 1.8°, 1.6°, and 1.4° for a cord pretension of 100 N, 200 N and 300 N, respectively, while the native spine was 4.5°. The single tether, double-tether and hybrid are motion preservation techniques for flexion-extension and axial rotation. The stiff tether provides primary stability to the spine and the cord pretension adds stiffness to the spine for lateral movement.
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- 2023
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43. Coupled modeling of heat transfer and deformation of salt layers in hydrocarbon producing wells
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Alves, Eduardo Bader Dalfovo Mohr, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Barbosa Junior, Jader Riso, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
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Calor ,Engenharia mecânica ,Poços de petróleo submarino ,Método dos elementos finitos - Abstract
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Florianópolis, 2021. O elevado investimento associado à construção de um poço de petróleo em alto mar é o principal motivo da busca contínua por processos e estruturas otimizados, a um custo cada vez menor. À medida que ambientes cada vez mais hostis são desbravados, como o pré-sal brasileiro, a segurança dos projetos torna-se tão importante quanto o custo, levando à necessidade de se desenvolver métodos de cálculo e projeto mais avançados. Dentre os principais riscos inerentes à produção em águas profundas, está o APB (Annular Pressure Buildup), que é aumento de pressão dos fluidos confinados nos anulares motivado pela expansão térmica devida à transferência de calor entre o fluido produzido e a formação rochosa. O APB deve ser considerado em todas as etapas do dimensionamento das estruturas do poço, havendo na literatura inúmeros trabalhos com enfoque em diferentes cenários. Nesta dissertação, ênfase é dada a dois mecanismos que geram APB em poços produtores do pre-sal brasileiro, a saber, transferência de calor e fluência salina. Para quantificar o primeiro, foi desenvolvida uma formulação inovadora híbrida baseada na transformada de Laplace com inversão numérica, que considera efeitos de capacidade térmica de componentes do poço e elimina a o uso de funções de tempo para acoplar termicamente o poço e a formação. O segundo mecanismo com potencial de geração de APB é a deformação de camadas de rochas evaporíticas por fluência no entorno dos poços, a qual pode reduzir consideravelmente o volume dos espaços anulares, agravando o aumento de pressão. Para modelar o fenômeno, foi desenvolvido um modelo numérico baseado no método de Elementos Finitos, posteriormente acoplado a um código in-house para cálculo de APB em poços produtores. A forma adotada para o acoplamento tira vantagem das novas abordagens, garantindo maior consistência física no resultado e menor custo computacional. Para validar os modelos, foram usadas três geometrias reais de poços produtores fornecidos pela Petrobras. Do primeiro poço, verificou-se que a nova formulação de transferência de calor tem desempenho semelhante aos de formulações tradicionais para altos números de Fourier (tempos longos), com desvio médio inferior a 1% (3.7 K) em relação à previsão de temperatura na cabeça do poço e 6% para a pressão. Na previsão do APB, desvios maiores são observados (cerca de 1.1 MPa em relação aos dados de campo), porém parte da discrepância pode ser atribuída à imprecisão dos dados de campo. No segundo poço, o modelo de transformada de Laplace se mostrou superior na previsão da transferência de calor para um poço em partida, atingindo um desvio médio abaixo de 1% (3.47 K) para a temperatura da cabeça contra 2.5% (8.67 K) do modelo tradicional. Para a pressão na cabeça do poço, ambas as formulações previram valores com desvio médio de 1.25%, aproximadamente. Um estudo de sensibilidade envolvendo as propriedades dos fluidos confinados dos anulares indicou que a variável mais importante para a modelagem do aumento de pressão é a densidade, afetando o problema de forma inversamente proporcional. No último poço analisado, a presença de uma camada de sal permitiu validar o modelo de deformação de rochas por fluência. Para a geometria avaliada, foi possível concluir que o sal afeta o segundo anular, aumentando sua pressão em 2.55 MPa acima do previsto pela abordagem tradicional, que não contempla a influência de efeitos térmicos na fluência do sal. Abstract: The high investment associated with the construction of deep water oil wells is the main reason for the continuous search for optimized processes and structures, at increasingly lower costs. As more and more hostile environments are explored, such as the Brazilian pre-salt cluster, project safety becomes as important as cost, motivating the development of more advanced design and evaluation methods. APB (Annular Pressure Buildup) is among the main risks inherent to production in deep waters. It is defined as the increase in the pressure of the fluid confined in the concentric annuli due to thermal expansion resulting from the heat transfer between the produced fluid and the rock formation. APB has to be considered at all stages of well design, with numerous studies in the literature focusing on different scenarios. In this dissertation, emphasis is given to two mechanisms that generate APB in Brazilian pre-salt producing wells, namely, heat transfer and salt creep. To quantify the former, an innovative hybrid formulation based on the Laplace transform coupled with a numerical inversion algorithm was developed, which considers the thermal capacity of well components and eliminates the use of time functions to thermally couple the wellbore and the formation. The other mechanism with potential to generate APB is the deformation of evaporitic rock layers due to creep around the wells, which can considerably reduce the volume of the annular spaces, aggravating the pressure increase. To model the phenomenon, a numerical model was developed based on the Finite Element Method, which was later coupled with an in-house code for calculating APB in producer wells. The coupling takes advantage of the new numerical approaches, ensuring greater physical consistency in the result and lower computational cost. To validate the models, three real well geometries supplied by Petrobras were used. From the first well, it was found that the new heat transfer formulation performs similarly to traditional formulations for high Fourier numbers (long times), with an average deviation lower than 1 % (3.7 K) for the wellhead temperature and 6 % for the wellhead pressure. In the APB prediction, greater deviations are observed (about 1.1 MPa in relation to the field data). However, part of the discrepancy can be attributed to the inaccuracy of the field data. In the second well, the Laplace transform model proved to be superior in predicting the heat transfer during an extended well test, reaching an average deviation within 1% (3.47 K) of the wellhead temperature, against 2.5% (8.67 K) of the traditional model. For the pressure at the wellhead, both formulations predicted values with an average deviation of approximately 1.25%. A sensitivity analysis involving the properties of the confined fluids indicated that the most important variable for modeling the pressure increase is the density, which affects the problem in an inversely proportional manner. In the last well analyzed, the presence of a salt layer allowed the validation of the creep deformation model. For the evaluated geometry, it was possible to conclude that the salt affects the second annulus, increasing its pressure by 2.55 MPa above the prediction of the traditional approach, not considering the influence of thermal expansion on the salt creep.
- Published
- 2021
44. Modelagem multiescala de materiais fibrosos: do regime elástico à detecção de falhas em tecidos macios
- Author
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Rocha, Felipe Figueredo, Javier Blanco, Pablo, Feijóo, Raúl Antonino, Sampaio Filho, Rubens, Rochinha, Fernando Alves, Fancello, Eduardo Alberto, Loula, Abimael Fernando Dourado, and Almeida, Regina Célia Cerqueira
- Subjects
Localização de deformação ,CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS [CNPQ] ,Sistema cardiovascular - simulação por computador ,Modelagem constitutiva multiescala ,Elemento de volume representativo ,Redes de fibras - Abstract
Submitted by Maria Cristina (library@lncc.br) on 2019-10-25T14:40:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe_Rocha_Tese2019.pdf: 7411103 bytes, checksum: e6f16e2f2190748bbea96f37fcfac087 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Cristina (library@lncc.br) on 2019-10-25T14:41:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe_Rocha_Tese2019.pdf: 7411103 bytes, checksum: e6f16e2f2190748bbea96f37fcfac087 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-25T14:45:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe_Rocha_Tese2019.pdf: 7411103 bytes, checksum: e6f16e2f2190748bbea96f37fcfac087 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-04-05 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FAPERJ Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPQ Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Assistida por Computação Científica - INCT-MACC Fibrous materials are an important class of either biological and artificial materials and hence are essential to a wide spectrum of fields, ranging from medicine and biology to industrial applications. From the vast number of soft biological fibrous materials, this thesis found its inspiration from those tissues of the arterial walls. This is mainly motivated by the fact that cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide and consequently, to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the progression of most of these diseases, a detailed characterisation of the mechanical behaviour of the arterial wall is required. This involves not only the simple phenomenological model for the material, but also the understanding of evolution processes such as damage, growth, remodelling and, eventually, failure. In this context, the multiscale constitutive modelling raises as a rational approach in which these complexities are naturally accounted for through micromechanical interactions between the basic unit blocks of the biological soft tissues, such as collagen fibres, pores, smooth muscle cells, etc. In particular, this thesis deals with the construction of a multiscale model to characterise the macroscale constitutive behaviour of a fibrous material featuring a discrete microstructure, i.e., a network of fibres. Both, the purely elastic and inelastic regimes in the finite strain setting are addressed, and in the latter case, until failure and strain localisation phenomena emerge. To reach this aim, the classical multiscale theory for continua had to be generalised to deal consistently with randomly distributed pores crossing the Representative Volume Element (RVE) boundary. Importantly, this theory provides a novel minimally constrained kinematically admissible set for the displacement fluctuations, consisting in the lower bound of the mechanical response and also is of utmost importance to analyse microscopic strain localisation phenomena. Finally, as the third and last contribution of the thesis, on the light of the discontinuous bifurcation analysis, we use the derived multiscale model for a network of fibres to study the macroscale manifestation of damage processes unfolding at the level of individual fibres. Hence, strain localisation is observed and is identified as the main cause of nucleation of macroscale cracks, characterising the critical point of failure in our context. Such point, in which the macroscale problem becomes ill-posed, is determined by the spectral analysis of the so-called acoustic tensor, which also provides information about the macroscale failure pattern (unit normal and crack opening vectors). In all these models, the Method of Multiscale Virtual Power (MMVP) has been employed, providing a systematic methodology based on variational formulations to characterise the microscale equilibrium problem, consistent boundary conditions, as well as the homogenisation formulae which define the associated first Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor and the constitutive tangent tensor in the macroscopic continuum.. Numerical experiments showing the suitability of the present methodology are shown and discussed. Materiais fibrosos são uma importante classe de dentre os que compõem tecidos biológicos e materiais artificiais, e por esta razão são fundamentais em um largo espectro de contextos desde medicina e biologia até aplicações industriais. Dentre o enorme número de tecidos fibrosos, essa tese foi inspirada naqueles encontrados nas paredes arteriais. Isso é principalmente motivado pelo fato que as doenças cardiovasculares são umas das principais causas de morte no mundo e que, para entender os mecanismos de evolução dessas enfermidades, se faz necessário uma caracterização detalhada do comportamento mecânico da parede arterial. Isto inclui não apenas um simples modelo constitutivo fenomenológico para o material, mas também o entendimento de processos evolutivos como o dano, crescimento, remodelamento e, eventualmente, falhas. Neste contexto, a modelagem constitutiva multiescala aparece como uma alternativa mais racional na qual estas complexidades são naturalmente levadas em consideração pelas interações micromecânicas dos componentes básicos que constituem os tecidos biológicos, isto é, fibras de colágeno, poros, células de músculo liso, etc. Em particular, esta tese trata da construção de um modelo para caracterizar o comportamento constitutivo macroscópico de um material fibroso constituído de uma microestrutura discreta, nesse caso uma rede de fibras. É analisado tanto o regime elástico quanto o inelástico em grandes deformações, e nesse último caso até o momento que ocorre a detecção de uma falha juntamente com a localização de deformação. Para se chegar neste objetivo, a teoria clássica multiescala para um meio contínuo poroso teve que ser generalizada para tratar de maneira mecanicamente consistente Elementos de Volumes Representativos (EVR) cujos vazios atingem a fronteira. É importante destacar que essa teoria estabelece um novo conjunto admissível de mínima restrição cinemática para o campo de flutuações de deslocamento, caracterizando a cota inferior teórica para a resposta mecânica, aspecto fundamental na análise do fenômeno de localização de deformação na microescala. Finalmente, baseado na análise de bifurcação descontínua, o modelo desenvolvido para a rede de fibras é usado para se estudar o efeito macroscópico dos processos de danificação que ocorrem no nível das fibras. Desta forma, a localização de deformação é observada e identificada como a principal causa da nucleação de macro-fissuras, caracterizando o ponto crítico de falha no nosso contexto. Tal ponto, no qual o problema mecânico na macroescala se torna mal-posto, é determinado pela análise espectral do tensor acústico, que também determina o padrão da fissura na macroescala (direção da normal e abertura da trinca). Em todos estes modelos, o Método da Potência Virtual Multiescala (MPVM) foi utilizado por se tratar de uma metodologia sistemática baseada em formulações variacionais que permite caracterizar o problema de equilíbrio na microescala, condições de contorno consistentes, bem como fórmulas de homogeinização que definem o primeiro tensor de Piola-Kirchhoff e o tensor constitutivo tangente do modelo no contínuo macroscópico. Por fim, experimentos numéricos mostrando o potencial da metodologia proposta são apresentados e discutidos.
- Published
- 2019
45. Variational models of thermo-viscoelastic damage in finite strains: local and nonlocal approaches applied to polymer behavior
- Author
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Selke, Augusto Emmel, École Centrale de Nantes, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Stainier, Laurent, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
- Subjects
Polímeros ,Engenharia mecânica ,Viscoelasticidade - Abstract
Tese (doutorado) - École Centrale de Nantes, Nantes, França, 2016. Abstract : The development of material models dedicated to the description of polymer behavior has long been and remains a subject of interest, as their use grows in many realms of application. Their microstructural features are responsible for challenges that must be addressed for accurate constitutive modeling, including thermomechanical coupling, large strain phenomena, viscosity effects and particular degradation behavior, among others.This thesis aims to tackle this problem within the framework of variationally-formulated constitutive modeling of dissipative phenomena. This type of energy-based approach allows for an efficient treatment of multiphysics coupling, while accounting for dissipation in a thermodynamically sound manner.Formulations for a wide range of thermo-viscoelasticity phenomena in finite strains are presented, with an emphasis on the coupling mechanisms and on the chosen parametrization of all dissipation sources.Similar variational approaches can be extended to the problem of degrading material properties, an essentially dissipative issue. With the microstructural features of polymers in mind, a formulation for a class of coupled thermo-viscoelastic damage is then proposed. The model hinges on hypotheses relating all physical phenomena to the same damaging function, leading to a naturally separable structure between an equivalent undamaged state where thermo-viscoelasticity is solved and a damage evolution problem.Although capable of encompassing various aspects of polymer-like material behavior, the proposed models remain subject to the limitations of local damage modeling, namely, spurious localization. The recent Thick Level Set approach to nonlocal damage, providing an efficient level-set based bridge between damage and fracture, is explored as a way to circumvent this issue. O desenvolvimento de modelos materiais dedicados ao comportamento dos polímeros tem sido um tema de interesse há décadas, na medida em que cresce seu uso em diversos ramos de aplicação. Aspectos da microestrutura dos polímeros são responsáveis por desafios que devem ser abordados para uma modelização constitutiva eficaz, incluindo acoplamento termomecânico, fenômenos de grandes deformações, efeitos viscosos e comportamento de degradação particular, entre outros.Nesta tese, propõe-se atacar este problema dentro do contexto dos modelos constitutivos variacionais para problemas dissipativos. Este tipo de abordagem energética permite um tratamento eficiente de acoplamentos multi-físicas, onde a dissipação é computada de maneira termodinamicamente coerente.Formulações para diversos fenômenos de termo-viscoelasticidade em grandes deformações são apresentadas. Os mecanismos de acoplamento e a parametrização escolhida para as fontes de dissipação são discutidos em detalhes.Abordagens variacionais similares podem ser estendidas ao problema de degradação das propriedades materiais, em sua essência dissipativo. Levando em conta as particularidades microestruturais dos polímeros, uma formulação para uma classe de dano termo-viscoelástico acoplado é proposta. O modelo depende de hipóteses relacionando todos os fenômenos físicos à mesma função de danificação, o que leva a uma estrutura naturalmente separável entre um estado não-danificado equivalente para o qual se resolve o problema de termo-viscoelascidade, e um problema de evolução de dano.Embora capazes de descrever diversos aspectos do comportamento dos polímeros, os modelos propostos permanecem sujeitos às limitações da descrição local de dano, em especial a localização espúria. O método recente Thick Level Set, baseado em funções de nível e oferecendo uma transição natural entre os modelos de dano e de fratura, é explorado como forma de contornar estas limitações.
- Published
- 2016
46. A level set approach for topology optimization with local stress constraints: Uma abordagem de curvas de nível para otimização topológica com restrições de tensão local
- Author
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Emmendoerfer Junior, Hélio, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, and Fancello, Eduardo Alberto
- Subjects
Falhas estruturais ,Engenharia mecânica ,Deformações e tensões ,Otimização estrutural - Abstract
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Florianópolis, 2015. Este trabalho tem como foco o problema de otimização topológica para minimização de massa com restrições locais sobre o campo de tensões de von Mises. Usando conceitos de curvas de nível (ou level sets) para o controle do domínio, desenvolve-se um procedimento de restrição responsável por uma contínua ativação/desativação de um número finito de restrições de tensão local durante a sequência de otimização. As restrições são convenientemente distribuídas sobre o domínio e impostas ao problema através de uma abordagem Lagrangiano aumentado. O principal objetivo da presente tese é criar um algoritmo capaz de identificar as regiões com concentração de tensões e conduzir a topologia para um mínimo local viável. A evolução das curvas de nível utiliza informações da análise de sensibilidade para atualizar a topologia da estrutura. Em um primeiro momento, tendo como finalidade testar a restrição de tensão proposta, emprega-se a clássica equação de Hamilton-Jacobi para a atualização das curvas de nível, uma técnica bastante usada na literatura. Em seguida, uma equação de reação-difusão é usada para orientar, também via evolução das curvas de nível, a sequência de otimização do projeto. Esta última equação de evolução possui duas vantagens. A primeira é a possibilidade de nuclear furos durante o processo de otimização, uma importante característica para um verdadeiro método de otimização topológica. A outra vantagem consiste na eliminação da etapa de reinicialização da função, necessária em evoluções de Hamilton-Jacobi, obtendo melhorias significantes em termos de convergência. Para a solução numérica da equação de reação-difusão, utilizam-se malhas regulares com os tradicionais elementos finitos quadrilaterais e malhas poligonais não-estruturadas, obtidas a partir de tesselações de Voronoi. Vários exemplos em duas dimensões com resultados numéricos bem sucedidos comprovam o bom comportamento da metodologia proposta para detectar concentrações de tensões e propor um projeto viável. Abstract : This work focuses on topology optimization for mass minimization with local constraints on the von Mises stress field. Within a level-set context to control the domain, it is developed a constraint procedure that accounts for a continuous activation/deactivation of a finite number of local stress constraints during the optimization sequence. Such constraints are conveniently distributed over the domain and imposed to the problem through an augmented Lagrangian approach. The main objective is to create an efficient algorithm capable of identifying stress concentration regions and drive the topology to a feasible local minimum. The level set evolution makes use of information of the sensitivity analysis to update the structural topology. Initially, being the main goal testing the proposed stress constraint, the level set updating is accomplished by the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation, widely employed in the literature. Next, a reaction-diffusion equation is used to guide, also via evolution of a level set, the design optimization sequence. The advantages of the latter evolution equation are twofold. Firstly, it allows the creation of new holes during the optimization process, a significant feature for a true topological optimization method. Secondly, reinitialization steps usually found in Hamilton-Jacobi based evolution are eliminated with a significant improvement in convergence. The numerical solution of the reaction-diffusion equation is performed by using regular meshes with standard quads and unstructured polygonal meshes obtained from Voronoi tessellations. A set of benchmark examples in two dimensions achieving successful numerical results assesses the good behavior of the proposed methodology to detect stress concentrations and propose a feasible design.
- Published
- 2015
47. Identification of constututive parameters by using fuill-field measurements: an example of application to an elastoplastic damage model = Identificação de parâmetros constitutivos baseada na medição de campos de deslocamentos : exemplo de aplicação para um modelo de dano elastoplástico
- Author
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Castro, Paulo Bastos de, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Fancello, Eduardo Alberto, and Vassoler, Jakson Manfredini
- Subjects
(Mecanica) ,Engenharia mecânica ,Correlação de imagem digital ,Força ,Metodo dos elementos finitos - Abstract
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica A identificação de parâmetros constitutivos é usualmente realizada através da minimização de uma função objetivo, função essa que considera a diferença (erro) entre valores calculados numericamente e aqueles obtidos experimentalmente. Embora, em geral, apenas a força total registrada em testes uniaxiais de tração e/ou compressão seja utilizada no cálculo do erro, alguns autores têm incluido dados adicionais provenientes de medições completas de campos de deslocamento e/ou deformação. Como consequência, o Método de Correlação de Imagens Digitais (do inglês Digital Image Correlation, DIC) tem sido amplamente empregado como uma impotante ferramenta nesse processo devido a sua capacidade de fornecer medidas confiáveis de campos de deslocamento e/ou deformação. Nesse trabalho é proposto um método de identificação que faz uso de campos de deslocamento obtidos por meio de DIC. Tal método consiste no cálculo da energia de deformação e das forças internas, a cada passo de tempo, diretamente do campo de deslocamanto obtido por meio do método DIC. Dessa forma, uma função objetivo baseada no erro, a qual quantifica a diferença entre as forças internas e o carregamento medido, pode ser definida. Essa função objetivo é então minimizada em relação aos parâmetros constitutivos do material. A fim de avaliar tal proposição, vários testes de identificação de parâmetros foram realizados por meio de experimentos numéricos e mecânicos. Sendo que, nesse último caso, um corpo de prova não padronizado e fabricado em aço baixo-carbono foi projetado e submetido a um ensaio de tração monotônico. Durante esse teste, o histórico do campo de deslocamento foi registrado por meio do método DIC. Devido às características do material, a versão simplificada do modelo de Lemaitre para dano-elastoplástico foi escolhida como modelo constitutivo a ser empregado. Finalmente, duas funções objetivo foram definidas e então minimizadas por meio de um algoritmo de otimização, o que levou à solução do problema de identificação. A seção de resultados mostra o desempenho e aplicabilidade do procedimento descrito. As vantagens, dificuldades e propostas para trabalhos futuros são então discutidas. The identification of material parameters is usually accomplished through the minimisation of an objective function that takes into account the error between computed and measured quantities. Although, in general, only the total force of a tensile and/or compression test is used in the calculation of the error, several authors have included additional data, obtained from full-field measurements. As a consequence of this fact, the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method has been widely employed as an important tool in this process, due to its capacity of supplying reliable displacement and/or strain fields. In this work, an identification method that uses the full-field data obtained by means of DIC is proposed. The internal strain energy and internal forces at each time step is calculated directly from the displacement field supplied by the DIC method. Thus, an error-based objective function that quantifies the difference between internal forces and measured loads can be defined. This objective function is then minimised with respect to the constitutive material parameters. In order to assess this proposition, several identification tests were carried out by means of numerical and mechanical experiments. In the latter, a non-standard low-carbon steel specimen was designed and submitted to a uniaxial monotonic tensile test. During the test, the history of the displacement field was recorded by means of DIC. Due to the characteristics of the material, the simplified version of Lemaitre's elatoplastic damage model was chosen as the constitutive model for the simulations. Finally, two objective functions were defined and called within an optimisation algorithm, which led to the solution of the identification problem. The results section shows the performance and applicability of the procedure described. Advantages, difficulties and proposals for future work are then discussed.
- Published
- 2013
48. Influence of Processing Conditions on the Mechanical Behavior and Morphology of Injection Molded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) 85:15.
- Author
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de Melo LP, Salmoria GV, Fancello EA, and Roesler CRM
- Abstract
Two groups of PLGA specimens with different geometries (notched and unnotched) were injection molded under two melting temperatures and flow rates. The mechanical properties, morphology at the fracture surface, and residual stresses were evaluated for both processing conditions. The morphology of the fractured surfaces for both specimens showed brittle and smooth fracture features for the majority of the specimens. Fracture images of the notched specimens suggest that the surface failure mechanisms are different from the core failure. Polarized light techniques indicated birefringence in all specimens, especially those molded with lower temperature, which suggests residual stress due to rapid solidification. DSC analysis confirmed the existence of residual stress in all PLGA specimens. The specimens molded using the lower injection temperature and the low flow rate presented lower loss tangent values according to the DMA and higher residual stress as shown by DSC, and the photoelastic analysis showed extensive birefringence.
- Published
- 2017
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