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We report here the synthesis of a series of N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide and its N -substituted derivatives with benzyl chloride and ethyl iodide. Initially, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonyl chloride (1) was subjected to react with various aryl amines (2a-e) to afford parent compounds N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide (3a-e). At second step, these parent compounds were reacted with benzyl chloride (4) and ethyl iodide (5) as to synthesize N -benzyl- N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide (6a-e) and N -ethyl- N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide (7a-e) in the presence of lithium hydride and N , Nꞌ -dimethylformamide respectively. FT-IR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H-NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) techniques were used to investigate the structures of these synthesized compounds. A fingerprinted study was conducted against some enzymes like butyrylcholin-esterase (BChE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX). This study revealed that most of them demonstrated a moderate activity against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) however promisingly a good activity against lipoxygenase enzyme was observed. Finally, an antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of these sulfonamides were probed which confirmed that the parent sulfonamides 3b have the proficient antimicrobial activities, while the derivatives 6a, 7a, 7b and 7c explored a good activity against the selected panel of bacterial and fungal species. All the compounds were further computationally docked against (LOX), (BChE) and (AChE) enzymes and these interaction highlighted the importance of sulfonamides in the inhibition of the target enzymes.

International audience; Femtosecond time-resolved velocity map ion imaging experiments are reported on the second absorption band (B-band) of ethyl iodide at 201.19 and 200.08 nm, corresponding to the 000 and 1810 transitions, i.e., the origin of the band and the first most intense vibronic state assigned to one quantum of excitation in the methyl torsion mode. Electronic predissociation lifetimes and the temporal evolution of the anisotropy have been determined by time-resolved resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization of iodine and ethyl fragment images. A shorter lifetime measured at the origin of the band in comparison with methyl iodide indicates that predissociation in ethyl iodide is more favorable due to a stronger coupling between the initial Rydberg state and the valence repulsive state correlating with the dissociation fragments. Moreover, vibrational activity in the methyl torsion in the Rydberg state seems to enhance the probability of transfer of population to the valence repulsive state leading to a faster dissociation. The perpendicular character of the transition at early times and the loss of anisotropy as a function of time have been determined from the time-resolved angular distributions of the iodine and ethyl ion images. The initial anisotropy value is consistent with a purely perpendicular transition compatible with the excitation of the [6A′′, 7A′] states with a minor parallel component to the C–I bond. The loss of initial anisotropy over time highlights the parent molecular rotation during predissociation and is compatible with a rotational temperature of the parent molecule of 100 K.

1-Trimethylsilyl, 1-R (R = Me, Et, i-Bu)-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-1-silacyclopentadiene [Ph4C4Si(SiMe3)R] are synthesized from the reaction of 1-trimethylsilyl,1-lithio-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-1-silacyclopentadienide anion [Ph4C4SiMe3]−•[Li]+ (3) with methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, and i-butyl bromide. The versatile intermediate 3 is prepared by hemisilylation of the silole dianion [Ph4C4Si]−2•2[Li]+ (2) with trimethylsilyl chloride and characterized by 1H-, 13C-, and 29Si-NMR spectroscopy. 1,1-bis(R)-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-1-silacyclopentadiene [Ph4C4SiR2] {R = n-Bu (7), t-Bu (8)} are synthesized from the reaction of 2 with n-butyl bromide and t-butyl bromide. Reduction of 7 and 8 with lithium under sonication gives the respective 3-silolenide 2,5-carbodianions {[Ph4C4Si(n-Bu)2]−2•2[Li]+ (10) and [Ph4C4Si(t-Bu)2]−2•2[Li]+ (11)}, which are characterized by 1H-, 13C-, and 29Si-NMR spectroscopy. Polarization of phenyl groups in 3 is compared with those of silole anion/dianion, germole anion/dianion, and 3-silolenide 2,5-carbodianions 10 and 11.

The Pixel Imaging Mass Spectrometry (PImMS) camera is used in proof-of-principle three-dimensional (3D) imaging experiments on the photodissociation of carbonyl sulfide and ethyl iodide at wavelengths around 230 nm and 245 nm, respectively. Coupling the PImMS camera with DC-sliced velocity-map imaging allows the complete three-dimensional Newton sphere of photofragment ions to be recorded on each laser pump-probe cycle with a timing precision of 12.5 ns, yielding velocity resolutions along the time-of-flight axis of around 6–9% in the applications presented.

The surface reactions of ethyl iodide on GaAs(100) have been studied using Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy in conjunction with isotope scrambling experiments with deuterium. Ethyl iodide was found to adsorb dissociatively at room temperature, to form chemisorbed ethyl and iodine species. Recombinative desorption of molecular ethyl iodide competes with the further surface reactions of ethyl and iodine. The ethyl species undergoes β-hydride elimination reaction to form ethene, ethane and hydrogen, which all desorb into the gas phase. Iodine selectively etches surface gallium atoms as GaI, which subsequently desorbs at 520 K, and this species was the major halide etch product formed for all exposures of ethyl iodide. HI desorption forms a minor channel for the removal of surface iodine. As2 desorption occurs from arsenic-enriched surfaces for temperatures greater than 600 K, and it is postulated that at high surface concentrations of chemisorbed arsenic dimers, As4 desorption must also become feasible. LEED and AES studies show that repetitive exposure of the gallium-rich GaAs(100)-(4 × 1) surface with ethyl iodide followed by annealing to 700 K gives rise to the arsenicrich c(4 × 4) structure, and this observation is consistent with the thermal desorption data. A reaction scheme is proposed to account for the observed desorption products, and the etching behaviour of ethyl iodide is discussed in the light of the reaction mechanism elucidated. © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

The synthesis of 3-methyl-1,4-diphenyl-7-thioxo-4,6,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[5,4-b] pyrimidino[5,4-e]pyridine-5-one (6) was achieved by two different one-pot multi-component synthesis (one-pot three-component and one-pot four component synthesis). Mono and dialkylation of 6 under different conditions gave compounds 7–11. The hydrazine 12 produced from reaction of 9 with N2H4 was subjected to reactions with some aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, acetyl acetone, ethyl cyanoacetate and triethyl orthoformate to give 13–17, respectively. Compound 12 upon reaction with CS2, nitrous acid, benzoin, chloroacetone and phenacyl bromide gave 18,20,21,22. Alkylation of 18 with ethyl iodide, ethyl chloroacetate and phenacyl bromide gave 19a–c. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of selected derivatives were evaluated.

The energetics of the Menshutkin reaction between triethylamine and ethyl iodide have been computed using B3LYP and MP2 with the LANL2DZ, LANL2DZd, SVP, MIDI!, 6-311G(d,p), and aug-cc-PVTZ basis sets. Small- and large-core energy-consistent relativistic pseudopotentials were employed. Solvent effect corrections were computed from QM/MM Monte Carlo simulations utilizing free-energy perturbation theory, PDDG/PM3, and both a nonpolarizable OPLS and polarizable OPLS-AAP force field. The B3LYP/MIDI! theory level provided the best DeltaG(++) values with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.9 kcal/mol from experiment in cyclohexane, CCl(4), THF, DMSO, acetonitrile, water, and methanol. However, the relative rates in cyclohexane, and to a certain extent CCl(4), were determined to be greatly underestimated when using the nonpolarizable OPLS force field. An overall reduction in the MAE to 3.1 kcal/mol using B3LYP/MIDI!/OPLS-AAP demonstrated the need for a fully polarizable force field when computing solvent effects for highly dipolar transition structures in low-dielectric media. The MAEs obtained with PDDG/PM3/OPLS and OPLS-AAP of 5.3 and 3.8 kcal/mol, respectively, provided comparable results to B3LYP at a fraction of the computational resources. The large rate accelerations observed in the reaction were correlated to an increased stabilization of the emerging charge separation at the transition state via favorable solute-solvent interactions.

Ultraviolet irradiation of aqueous solutions of iodide/iodate ion containing low molecular weight organic acids generates volatile iodine species that are amenable to detection by atomic spectrometry. In the presence of formic, acetic or propionic acids, photo-chemical generation results in the formation of HI, methyl- and ethyl-iodide respectively, the latter two products being directly identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Deuterium and 13C-labeled reagents were employed to elucidate the provenance of the alkyl group. Use of 13CH3–COOH produced 13CH3–I; deuterated acetic acid (D3C-COOD) resulted in the formation of CD3–I. These observations indicate direct transfer of the alkyl group from the carboxylic acid to iodide, consistent with the suggestion that the mechanism of synthesis involves radical induced reactions.

International audience; Carbon dioxide sequestration was studied by synthesizing diethyl carbonate (DEC) from ethanol and CO2 under supercritical conditions in the presence of potassium carbonate as a base. The co-reagent was ethyl iodide or a concentrated strong acid. This sequestration reaction occurs in two steps which were studied, separately and in a one-pot reaction. An organic-inorganic carbonate hybrid, potassium ethyl carbonate (PEC) is generated at the end of the first step. This intermediate was characterized and was found to be a target molecule for CO2 capture. Different co-reactants, such as ethyl iodide and concentrated strong Bronsted acid, were compared in the second step and used to investigate the reactivity of the hybrid. With ethyl iodide as the co-reactant, one-pot DEC synthesis gave higher yields (46%) than two-step production. The supercritical CO2 acts as a swelling solvent and compatibilizing agent in the reaction medium, favoring interactions between ethanol and CO2 and between PEC and ethyl iodide. The use of a phase transfer catalyst (PTC) increased DEC production (yield 51%) without increasing the amount of diethyl ether (DEE) produced as a by-product (yield 2%).

Al-based alloys are used in aeronautics as a protective layer against the excessive oxidation of turbines blades. In this work, Al coatings were deposited by metallorganic chemical vapor deposition on Ti6242, a commercial titanium alloy, with Pt as a sublayer or codeposited to ensure this protection, eventually forming platinum aluminides. Continuous Al coatings were deposited on bare Ti6242, using both triisobutylaluminum and dimethylethylamine alane as precursors. The same operating conditions applied on a platinum sublayer lead to discontinuous layers mainly containing whiskers. The introduction of a surfactant, namely, ethyl iodide, in the input gas improves the coating morphology by providing nearly whisker-free continuous films, suitable for oxidation protection. Codeposition of Pt and Al results in reduced growth rate and yields layers with lower Pt content and with specific morphology. This behavior is attributed to the competition between Al and Pt compounds on the growing surface.

KUCUKBAY, HASAN/0000-0002-7180-9486; Yilmaz, Ulku/0000-0002-2806-4781 WOS: 000226692400123 The title compound, C17H27N3O2+ . 2I(-) . H2O, was synthesized from 1-( 2- morpholinoethyl) benzimidazole and ethyl iodide in dimethylformamide. In the molecule, the benzimidazole ring is connected to the morpholine ring by an ethylene group. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter- and intramolecular O - H ... I, C - H ... O and C - H ... I interactions.

The lowest triplet state of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium(III) (Alq3) has been prepared by pulse radiolysis/energy transfer from appropriate donors in benzene solutions and has an absorption maximum around 510 nm with a lifetime of about 50 mus. It is quenched by molecular oxygen, leading to singlet oxygen formation. From flash photolysis and singlet oxygen formation measurements, a quantum yield of triplet formation of 0.24 was determined for direct photolysis of the complex. A value of 2.10 +/- 0.10 eV was determined for the energy of the lowest triplet state by energy transfer studies and was confirmed by phosphorescence measurements on Alq3, either in the heavy atom solvent ethyl iodide or photosensitized by benzophenone in benzene. Dexter (exchange) energy transfer was observed from triplet Alq3 to platinum(II) octaethylporphyrin.

The title chiral quaternary ammonium salt, C13H25N4+·I−, was synthesized through the Menschutkin reaction between the cage aminal (2S,7S)-1,8,10,12-tetraazatetracyclo[8.3.1.18,12.02,7]pentadecane and ethyl iodide. The quaternization occurred regioselectively on the nitrogen with major sp3 character. The crystal structure consists of anions and cations separated by normal distances. Ions are not linked through C—H...I hydrogen bonds.

The electrogenerated base of 2-pyrrolidone reacts with amines and anilines yielding the corresponding alkyl and aryl carbamates, after addition of carbon dioxide and ethyl iodide. Arylcarbamic esters are obtained in very good yields under mild reaction conditions with respect to the methods so far reported.

Protected 2'-O-methyl and 2'-O-ethyl ribonucleoside-3'-O-phosphoramidites were prepared via alkylation of the ribonucleosides at an early stage in the synthesis. Utilizing a strategy of minimal protection, the alkylation was performed with unprotected cytidine and adenosine, or with O6-protected guanosine and N3,5'-O-protected uridine using methyl or ethyl iodide and sodium hydride. In subsequent steps, the introduction of standard protective groups for oligonucleotide synthesis and the concomitant separation from 3'-O-alkylated isomers was accomplished. A modification of the phosphitylation procedure permitted facile isolation of the desired phosphoramidites which show high coupling efficiencies in oligomer assembly.

Organic compounds, in particular anthracene and naphthalene, and two coals have been reductively ethylated in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and diglyme using alkali metals to form anions and ethyl iodide to produce ethylates. Product distributions were sensitive to experimental conditions. The rate of anion formation was controlled by their rate of desorption, probably as contact ion pairs, from the alkali metal surface. The enthalpy of formation of a solvated contact ion pair was ?500 kJ mole-1 mainly due to dipole-solvent interaction. 18-crown-6 ether was used to diagnose that, when treated with potassium in THF, anthracepe gave solvated contact ion pairs and probably di-anions whose reactions were characterized by the formation of ethyldihydroanthracene. Naphthalene under identical conditions gave loosely solvated mono-anions which reacted by electron transfer to give diethyldihydronaphthalene. With other alkali metals anthracene and naphthalene gave similar product distributions. The behaviour of other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and of two coals was classified in the same way. It is suggested that when coals are readily solubilized by reductive alkylation mono-alkyldihydro products will predominate. © 1984. Connecticut State Emergency Response Commission A~KNOWLED~E~E~S The authorsa reg ratefult o N. Owen for hisc onstanth elp. 0. Erbaturh asr eceivedg enerouss upportf rom theB ritish Council and the OverseasD eveIopmentA dministration. The work formsp art of a project,‘ The Chemistryo f Solid Fuels’ supportedb y the SERC.

Background The previously validated NK1-receptor ligand [O-methyl-11C]GR205171 binds with a high affinity to the NK1-receptor and displays a slow dissociation from the receptor. Hence, it cannot be used in vivo for detecting concentration changes in substance P, the endogenous ligand for the NK1-receptor. A radioligand used for monitoring these changes has to enable displacement by the endogenous ligand and thus bind reversibly to the receptor. Small changes in the structure of a receptor ligand can lead to changes in binding characteristics and also in the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The aim of this study was to use carbon-11 labelled ethyl and propyl iodide with high specific radioactivity in the synthesis of two new and potentially reversible NK1-receptor ligands with chemical structures based on [O-methyl-11C]GR205171. Methods [1-11C]Ethyl and [1-11C]propyl iodide with specific radioactivities of 90 GBq/μmol and 270 GBq/μmol, respectively, were used in the synthesis of [O-methyl-11C]GR205171 analogues by alkylation of O-desmethyl GR205171. The brain uptake of the obtained (2S,3S)-N-(1-(2- [1-11C]ethoxy-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-phenylpiperidin-3-amine (I) and (2S,3S)-2-phenyl-N-(1-(2- [1-11C]propoxy-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidin-3-amine (II) was studied with PET in guinea pigs and rhesus monkeys and compared to the uptake of [O-methyl-11C]GR205171. Results All ligands had similar uptake distribution in the guinea pig brain. The PET-studies in rhesus monkeys showed that (II) had no specific binding in striatum. Ligand (I) had moderate specific binding compared to the [O-methyl-11C]GR205171. The ethyl analogue (I) displayed reversible binding characteristics contrary to the slow dissociation rate shown by [O-methyl-11C]GR205171. Conclusion The propyl-analogue (II) cannot be used for detecting changes in NK1-ligand levels, while further studies should be performed with the ethyl-analogue (I).