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1. An osteoinductive and biodegradable intramedullary implant accelerates bone healing and mitigates complications of bone transport in male rats

Author: Sien Lin, Hirotsugu Maekawa, Seyedsina Moeinzadeh, Elaine Lui, Hossein Vahid Alizadeh, Jiannan Li, Sungwoo Kim, Michael Poland, Benjamin C. Gadomski, Jeremiah T. Easley, Jeffrey Young, Michael Gardner, David Mohler, William J. Maloney, and Yunzhi Peter Yang
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Bone transport is a surgery-driven procedure for the treatment of large bone defects. However, challenging complications include prolonged consolidation, docking site nonunion and pin tract infection. Here, we develop an osteoinductive and biodegradable intramedullary implant by a hybrid tissue engineering construct technique to enable sustained delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 as an adjunctive therapy. In a male rat bone transport model, the eluting bone morphogenetic protein-2 from the implants accelerates bone formation and remodeling, leading to early bony fusion as shown by imaging, mechanical testing, histological analysis, and microarray assays. Moreover, no pin tract infection but tight osseointegration are observed. In contrast, conventional treatments show higher proportion of docking site nonunion and pin tract infection. The findings of this study demonstrate that the novel intramedullary implant holds great promise for advancing bone transport techniques by promoting bone regeneration and reducing complications in the treatment of bone defects.
Published: 2023
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2. Structural network alterations in focal and generalized epilepsy assessed in a worldwide ENIGMA study follow axes of epilepsy risk gene expression

Author: Sara Larivière, Jessica Royer, Raúl Rodríguez-Cruces, Casey Paquola, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Antonio Gambardella, Luis Concha, Simon S. Keller, Fernando Cendes, Clarissa L. Yasuda, Leonardo Bonilha, Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht, Niels K. Focke, Martin Domin, Felix von Podewills, Soenke Langner, Christian Rummel, Roland Wiest, Pascal Martin, Raviteja Kotikalapudi, Terence J. O’Brien, Benjamin Sinclair, Lucy Vivash, Patricia M. Desmond, Elaine Lui, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Stefano Meletti, Manuela Tondelli, Saud Alhusaini, Colin P. Doherty, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Norman Delanty, Reetta Kälviäinen, Graeme D. Jackson, Magdalena Kowalczyk, Mario Mascalchi, Mira Semmelroch, Rhys H. Thomas, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, Esmaeil Davoodi-Bojd, Junsong Zhang, Gavin P. Winston, Aoife Griffin, Aditi Singh, Vijay K. Tiwari, Barbara A. K. Kreilkamp, Matteo Lenge, Renzo Guerrini, Khalid Hamandi, Sonya Foley, Theodor Rüber, Bernd Weber, Chantal Depondt, Julie Absil, Sarah J. A. Carr, Eugenio Abela, Mark P. Richardson, Orrin Devinsky, Mariasavina Severino, Pasquale Striano, Domenico Tortora, Erik Kaestner, Sean N. Hatton, Sjoerd B. Vos, Lorenzo Caciagli, John S. Duncan, Christopher D. Whelan, Paul M. Thompson, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Andrea Bernasconi, Angelo Labate, Carrie R. McDonald, Neda Bernasconi, and Boris C. Bernhardt
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Epilepsy is a brain network disorder with associated genetic risk factors. Here, the authors show that spatial patterns of transcriptomic vulnerability co-vary with structural brain network alterations in focal and generalized epilepsy.
Published: 2022
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3. The effect of genetically modified platelet-derived growth factor-BB over-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells during core decompression for steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits

Author: Roberto Alfonso Guzman, Masahiro Maruyama, Seyedsina Moeinzadeh, Elaine Lui, Ning Zhang, Hunter W. Storaci, Kaysie Tam, Elijah Ejun Huang, Takeshi Utsunomiya, Claire Rhee, Qi Gao, Zhenyu Yao, Yunzhi Peter Yang, and Stuart B. Goodman
Subjects: Osteonecrosis, Core decompression, Femoral head, Hip, Regenerative medicine, Rabbit, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: Abstract Background Approximately one third of patients undergoing core decompression (CD) for early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) experience progression of the disease, and subsequently require total hip arthroplasty (THA). Thus, identifying adjunctive treatments to optimize bone regeneration during CD is an unmet clinical need. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB plays a central role in cell growth and differentiation. The aim of this study was to characterize mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that were genetically modified to overexpress PDGF-BB (PDGF-BB-MSCs) in vitro and evaluate their therapeutic effect when injected into the bone tunnel at the time of CD in an in vivo rabbit model of steroid-associated ONFH. Methods In vitro studies: Rabbit MSCs were transduced with a lentivirus vector carrying the human PDGF-BB gene under the control of either the cytomegalovirus (CMV) or phosphoglycerate (PGK) promoter. The proliferative rate, PDGF-BB expression level, and osteogenic differentiation capacity of unmodified MSCs, CMV-PDGF-BB-MSCs, and PGK-PDGF-BB-MSCs were assessed. In vivo studies: Twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits received an intramuscular (IM) injection of methylprednisolone 20 mg/kg. Four weeks later, the rabbits were divided into four groups: the CD group, the hydrogel [HG, (a collagen-alginate mixture)] group, the MSC group, and the PGK-PDGF-BB-MSC group. Eight weeks later, the rabbits were sacrificed, their femurs were harvested, and microCT, mechanical testing, and histological analyses were performed. Results In vitro studies: PGK-PDGF-BB-MSCs proliferated more rapidly than unmodified MSCs (P
Published: 2021
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4. Effect of porosity of a functionally-graded scaffold for the treatment of corticosteroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits

Author: Masahiro Maruyama, Chi-Chun Pan, Seyedsina Moeinzadeh, Hunter W. Storaci, Roberto Alfonso Guzman, Elaine Lui, Masaya Ueno, Takeshi Utsunomiya, Ning Zhang, Claire Rhee, Zhenyu Yao, Michiaki Takagi, Stuart B. Goodman, and Yunzhi Peter Yang
Subjects: Core decompression, Femoral head, Hip, Osteonecrosis, Rabbit, Scaffold, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Background/Objective: Core decompression (CD) with scaffold and cell-based therapies is a promising strategy for providing both mechanical support and regeneration of the osteonecrotic area for early stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). We designed a new 3D printed porous functionally-graded scaffold (FGS) with a central channel to facilitate delivery of transplanted cells in a hydrogel to the osteonecrotic area. However, the optimal porous structural design for the FGS for the engineering of bone in ONFH has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to fabricate and evaluate two different porous structures (30% or 60% porosity) of the FGSs in corticosteroid-associated ONFH in rabbits. Methods: Two different FGSs with 30% or 60% porosity containing a 1-mm central channel were 3D printed using polycaprolactone and β-tricalcium phosphate. The FGS was 3-mm diameter and 32-mm length and was composed of three segments: 1-mm in length for the non-porous proximal segment, 22-mm in length for the porous (30% versus 60%) middle segment, and 9-mm in length for the 15% porous distal segment. Eighteen male New Zealand White rabbits were given a single dose of 20 mg/kg methylprednisolone acetate intramuscularly. Four weeks later, rabbits were divided into three groups: the CD group, the 30% porosity FGS group, and the 60% porosity FGS group. In the CD group, a 3-mm diameter drill hole was created into the left femoral head. In the FGS groups, a 30% or 60% porosity implant was inserted into the bone tunnel. Eight weeks postoperatively, femurs were harvested and microCT, mechanical, and histological analyses were performed. Results: The actual porosity and pore size of the middle segments were 26.4% ± 2.3% and 699 ± 56 μm in the 30% porosity FGS, and 56.0% ± 4.5% and 999 ± 71 μm in the 60% porosity FGS, respectively using microCT analysis. Bone ingrowth ratio in the 30% porosity FGS group was 73.9% ± 15.8%, which was significantly higher than 39.5% ± 13.0% in the CD group on microCT (p
Published: 2021
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5. 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Brain Glutamate in Acute Ischaemic Stroke

Author: John-Paul Nicolo, Bradford Moffat, David K. Wright, Benjamin Sinclair, Andrew Neal, Elaine Lui, Patricia Desmond, Rebecca Glarin, Kathryn A. Davis, Ravinder Reddy, Bernard Yan, Terence J. O’Brien, and Patrick Kwan
Subjects: Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Published: 2021
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6. Hybprinting for musculoskeletal tissue engineering

Author: Jiannan Li, Carolyn Kim, Chi-Chun Pan, Aaron Babian, Elaine Lui, Jeffrey L. Young, Seyedsina Moeinzadeh, Sungwoo Kim, and Yunzhi Peter Yang
Subjects: tissue engineering, Biotechnology, materials science, biomaterials, Science
Abstract: Summary: This review presents bioprinting methods, biomaterials, and printing strategies that may be used for composite tissue constructs for musculoskeletal applications. The printing methods discussed include those that are suitable for acellular and cellular components, and the biomaterials include soft and rigid components that are suitable for soft and/or hard tissues. We also present strategies that focus on the integration of cell-laden soft and acellular rigid components under a single printing platform. Given the structural and functional complexity of native musculoskeletal tissue, we envision that hybrid bioprinting, referred to as hybprinting, could provide unprecedented potential by combining different materials and bioprinting techniques to engineer and assemble modular tissues.
Published: 2022
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7. Osteoinductive 3D printed scaffold healed 5 cm segmental bone defects in the ovine metatarsus

Author: Yunzhi Peter Yang, Kevin M. Labus, Benjamin C. Gadomski, Arnaud Bruyas, Jeremiah Easley, Brad Nelson, Ross H. Palmer, Kirk McGilvray, Daniel Regan, Christian M. Puttlitz, Alexander Stahl, Elaine Lui, Jiannan Li, Seyedsina Moeinzadeh, Sungwoo Kim, William Maloney, and Michael J. Gardner
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Autologous bone grafts are considered the gold standard grafting material for the treatment of nonunion, but in very large bone defects, traditional autograft alone is insufficient to induce repair. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) can stimulate bone regeneration and enhance the healing efficacy of bone grafts. The delivery of rhBMP-2 may even enable engineered synthetic scaffolds to be used in place of autologous bone grafts for the treatment of critical size defects, eliminating risks associated with autologous tissue harvest. We here demonstrate that an osteoinductive scaffold, fabricated by combining a 3D printed rigid polymer/ceramic composite scaffold with an rhBMP-2-eluting collagen sponge can treat extremely large-scale segmental defects in a pilot feasibility study using a new sheep metatarsus fracture model stabilized with an intramedullary nail. Bone regeneration after 24 weeks was evaluated by micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, and histological characterization. Load-bearing cortical bridging was achieved in all animals, with increased bone volume observed in sheep that received osteoinductive scaffolds compared to sheep that received an rhBMP-2-eluting collagen sponge alone.
Published: 2021
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8. Artificial intelligence for classification of temporal lobe epilepsy with ROI-level MRI data: A worldwide ENIGMA-Epilepsy study

Author: Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht, Brent C. Munsell, Saud Alhusaini, Marina K.M. Alvim, Núria Bargalló, Benjamin Bender, Andrea Bernasconi, Neda Bernasconi, Boris Bernhardt, Karen Blackmon, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Fernando Cendes, Luis Concha, Patricia M. Desmond, Orrin Devinsky, Colin P. Doherty, Martin Domin, John S. Duncan, Niels K. Focke, Antonio Gambardella, Bo Gong, Renzo Guerrini, Sean N. Hatton, Reetta Kälviäinen, Simon S. Keller, Peter Kochunov, Raviteja Kotikalapudi, Barbara A.K. Kreilkamp, Angelo Labate, Soenke Langner, Sara Larivière, Matteo Lenge, Elaine Lui, Pascal Martin, Mario Mascalchi, Stefano Meletti, Terence J. O'Brien, Heath R. Pardoe, Jose C. Pariente, Jun Xian Rao, Mark P. Richardson, Raúl Rodríguez-Cruces, Theodor Rüber, Ben Sinclair, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, Dan J. Stein, Pasquale Striano, Peter N. Taylor, Rhys H. Thomas, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Lucy Vivash, Felix von Podewills, Sjoerd B. Vos, Bernd Weber, Yi Yao, Clarissa Lin Yasuda, Junsong Zhang, Paul M. Thompson, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Carrie R. McDonald, Leonardo Bonilha, Andre Altmann, Chantal Depondt, Marian Galovic, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, and Roland Wiest
Subjects: Epilepsy, Temporal lobe epilepsy, Machine learning, Artificial inteligence, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Artificial intelligence has recently gained popularity across different medical fields to aid in the detection of diseases based on pathology samples or medical imaging findings. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a key assessment tool for patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The role of machine learning and artificial intelligence to increase detection of brain abnormalities in TLE remains inconclusive. We used support vector machine (SV) and deep learning (DL) models based on region of interest (ROI-based) structural (n = 336) and diffusion (n = 863) brain MRI data from patients with TLE with (“lesional”) and without (“non-lesional”) radiographic features suggestive of underlying hippocampal sclerosis from the multinational (multi-center) ENIGMA-Epilepsy consortium. Our data showed that models to identify TLE performed better or similar (68–75%) compared to models to lateralize the side of TLE (56–73%, except structural-based) based on diffusion data with the opposite pattern seen for structural data (67–75% to diagnose vs. 83% to lateralize). In other aspects, structural and diffusion-based models showed similar classification accuracies. Our classification models for patients with hippocampal sclerosis were more accurate (68–76%) than models that stratified non-lesional patients (53–62%). Overall, SV and DL models performed similarly with several instances in which SV mildly outperformed DL. We discuss the relative performance of these models with ROI-level data and the implications for future applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence in epilepsy care.
Published: 2021
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9. Reproducibility of Glutamate, Glutathione, and GABA Measurements in vivo by Single-Voxel STEAM Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 7-Tesla in Healthy Individuals

Author: Ofer M. Gonen, Bradford A. Moffat, Patrick Kwan, Terence J. O’Brien, Patricia M. Desmond, and Elaine Lui
Subjects: magnetic resonance spectroscopy, STEAM, default mode network, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, reproducibility, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Background and PurposeDerangements in brain glutamate, glutathione, and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) are implicated in a range of neurological disorders. Reliable methods to measure these compounds non-invasively in vivo are needed. We evaluated the reproducibility of their measurements in brain regions involved in the default mode network using quantitative MRS at 7-Tesla in healthy individuals.MethodsTen right-handed healthy volunteers underwent 7-Tesla MRI scans on 2 separate days, not more than 2 weeks apart. On each day two scanning sessions took place, with a re-positioning break in between. High-resolution isotropic anatomical scans were acquired prior to each scan, followed by single-voxel 1H-MRS using the STEAM pulse sequence on an 8 mL midline cubic voxel, positioned over the posterior cingulate and precuneus regions. Concentrations were corrected for partial-volume effects.ResultsMaximal Cramér-Rao lower bounds for glutamate, glutathione, and GABA were 2.0, 8.0, and 14.0%, respectively. Mean coefficients of variation within sessions were 5.9 ± 4.8%, 9.3 ± 7.6%, and 11.5 ± 8.8%, and between sessions were 4.6 ± 4.5%, 8.3 ± 5.7%, and 9.2 ± 8.7%, respectively. The mean (±SD) Dice’s coefficient for voxel overlap was 90 ± 4% within sessions and 86 ± 7% between sessions.ConclusionGlutamate, glutathione, and GABA can be reliably quantified using STEAM MRS at 7-Tesla from the posterior cingulate and precuneus cortices of healthy human subjects. STEAM MRS at 7-Tesla may be used to study the metabolic behavior of this important resting-state hub in various disease states.
Published: 2020
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10. Resting-state functional connectivity and quantitation of glutamate and GABA of the PCC/precuneus by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7T in healthy individuals.

Author: Ofer M Gonen, Bradford A Moffat, Patrick Kwan, Terence J O'Brien, Patricia M Desmond, and Elaine Lui
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The default mode network (DMN) is the main large-scale network of the resting brain and the PCC/precuneus is a major hub of this network. Glutamate and GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) are the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS, respectively. We studied glutamate and GABA concentrations in the PCC/precuneus via magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7T in relation to age and correlated them with functional connectivity between this region and other DMN nodes in ten healthy right-handed volunteers ranging in age between 23-68 years. Mean functional connectivity of the PCC/precuneus to the other DMN nodes and the glutamate/GABA ratio significantly correlated with age (r = 0.802, p = 0.005 and r = 0.793, p = 0.006, respectively) but not with each other. Glutamate and GABA alone did not significantly correlate with age nor with functional connectivity within the DMN. The glutamate/GABA ratio and functional connectivity of the PCC/precuneus are, therefore, independent age-related biomarkers of the DMN and may be combined in a multimodal pipeline to study DMN alterations in various disease states.
Published: 2020
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11. Fibre-specific white matter changes in multiple sclerosis patients with optic neuritis

Author: Sanuji Gajamange, David Raffelt, Thijs Dhollander, Elaine Lui, Anneke van der Walt, Trevor Kilpatrick, Joanne Fielding, Alan Connelly, and Scott Kolbe
Subjects: Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Long term irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be primarily driven by axonal degeneration. Axonal degeneration leads to degenerative atrophy, therefore early markers of axonal degeneration are required to predict clinical disability and treatment efficacy. Given that additional pathologies such as inflammation, demyelination and oedema are also present in MS, it is essential to develop axonal markers that are not confounded by these processes. The present study investigated a novel method for measuring axonal degeneration in MS based on high angular resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Unlike standard methods, this novel method involved advanced acquisition and modelling for improved axonal sensitivity and specificity. Recent work has developed analytical methods, two novel axonal markers, fibre density and cross-section, that can be estimated for each fibre direction in each voxel (termed a “fixel”). This technique, termed fixel-based analysis, thus simultaneously estimates axonal density and white matter atrophy from specific white matter tracts. Diffusion-weighted imaging datasets were acquired for 17 patients with a history of acute unilateral optic neuritis (35.3±10.2years, 11 females) and 14 healthy controls (32.7±4.8years, 8 females) on a 3T scanner. Fibre density values were compared to standard diffusion tensor imaging parameters (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) in lesions and normal appearing white matter. Group comparisons were performed for each fixel to assess putative differences in fibre density and fibre cross-section. Fibre density was observed to have a comparable sensitivity to fractional anisotropy for detecting white matter pathology in MS, but was not affected by crossing axonal fibres. Whole brain fixel-based analysis revealed significant reductions in fibre density and fibre cross-section in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (including the optic radiations) of patients compared to controls. We interpret this result to indicate that this fixel-based approach is able to detect early loss of fibre density and cross-section in the optic radiations in MS patients with a history of optic neuritis. Fibre-specific markers of axonal degeneration should be investigated further for use in early stage therapeutic trials, or to monitor axonal injury in early stage MS. Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, MRI, Diffusion, Optic neuritis, Axonal degeneration, Apparent fibre density
Published: 2018
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12. The Influence of Electron Beam Sterilization on In Vivo Degradation of β-TCP/PCL of Different Composite Ratios for Bone Tissue Engineering

Author: Jin-Ho Kang, Janelle Kaneda, Jae-Gon Jang, Kumaresan Sakthiabirami, Elaine Lui, Carolyn Kim, Aijun Wang, Sang-Won Park, and Yunzhi Peter Yang
Subjects: 3d printing, β-tricalcium phosphate/polycaprolactone (β-tcp/pcl) composite, bone tissue engineering, electron beam sterilization, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract: We evaluated the effect of electron beam (E-beam) sterilization (25 kGy, ISO 11137) on the degradation of β-tricalcium phosphate/polycaprolactone (β-TCP/PCL) composite filaments of various ratios (0:100, 20:80, 40:60, and 60:40 TCP:PCL by mass) in a rat subcutaneous model for 24 weeks. Volumes of the samples before implantation and after explantation were measured using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The filament volume changes before sacrifice were also measured using a live micro-CT. In our micro-CT analyses, there was no significant difference in volume change between the E-beam treated groups and non-E-beam treated groups of the same β-TCP to PCL ratios, except for the 0% β-TCP group. However, the average volume reduction differences between the E-beam and non-E-beam groups in the same-ratio samples were 0.76% (0% TCP), 3.30% (20% TCP), 4.65% (40% TCP), and 3.67% (60% TCP). The E-beam samples generally had more volume reduction in all experimental groups. Therefore, E-beam treatment may accelerate degradation. In our live micro-CT analyses, most volume reduction arose in the first four weeks after implantation and slowed between 4 and 20 weeks in all groups. E-beam groups showed greater volume reduction at every time point, which is consistent with the results by micro-CT analysis. Histology results suggest the biocompatibility of TCP/PCL composite filaments.
Published: 2020
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13. Impact of Different Artificial Intelligence User Interfaces on Lung Nodule and Mass Detection on Chest Radiographs

Author: Jennifer S. N. Tang, Jeffrey K. C. Lai, John Bui, Wayland Wang, Paul Simkin, Dayu Gai, Jenny Chan, Diane M. Pascoe, Stefan B. Heinze, Frank Gaillard, and Elaine Lui
Subjects: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Original Research
Abstract: PURPOSE: To explore the impact of different user interfaces (UIs) for artificial intelligence (AI) outputs on radiologist performance and user preference in detecting lung nodules and masses on chest radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective paired-reader study with a 4-week washout period was used to evaluate three different AI UIs compared with no AI output. Ten radiologists (eight radiology attending physicians and two trainees) evaluated 140 chest radiographs (81 with histologically confirmed nodules and 59 confirmed as normal with CT), with either no AI or one of three UI outputs: (a) text-only, (b) combined AI confidence score and text, or (c) combined text, AI confidence score, and image overlay. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated to compare radiologist diagnostic performance with each UI with their diagnostic performance without AI. Radiologists reported their UI preference. RESULTS: The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve improved when radiologists used the text-only output compared with no AI (0.87 vs 0.82; P < .001). There was no difference in performance for the combined text and AI confidence score output compared with no AI (0.77 vs 0.82; P = .46) and for the combined text, AI confidence score, and image overlay output compared with no AI (0.80 vs 0.82; P = .66). Eight of the 10 radiologists (80%) preferred the combined text, AI confidence score, and image overlay output over the other two interfaces. CONCLUSION: Text-only UI output significantly improved radiologist performance compared with no AI in the detection of lung nodules and masses on chest radiographs, but user preference did not correspond with user performance. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Chest Radiograph, Conventional Radiography, Lung Nodule, Mass Detection © RSNA, 2023
Published: 2023

14. Worldwide Disparities in Recovery of Cardiac Testing 1 Year Into COVID-19

Author: Andrew J. Einstein, Cole Hirschfeld, Michelle C. Williams, Joao V. Vitola, Nathan Better, Todd C. Villines, Rodrigo Cerci, Leslee J. Shaw, Andrew D. Choi, Sharmila Dorbala, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Bin Lu, Valentin Sinitsyn, Alexey A. Ansheles, Takashi Kudo, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Bjarne Linde Nørgaard, Pál Maurovich-Horvat, Roxana Campisi, Elisa Milan, Lizette Louw, Adel H. Allam, Mona Bhatia, Lorenzo Sewanan, Eli Malkovskiy, Yosef Cohen, Michael Randazzo, Jagat Narula, Olga Morozova, Thomas N.B. Pascual, Yaroslav Pynda, Maurizio Dondi, Diana Paez, Gerd Hinterleitner, Yao Lu, Zhuoran Xu, Cole B. Hirschfeld, Ikenna Erinne, Mrinali Shetty, Andrew Choi, Juan Lopez-Mattei, Purvi Parwani, Artan Goda, Ervina Shirka, Salah Bouyoucef, Lydia Chelghoum, Farouk Mansouri, Abdelkader Medjahedi, Qais Naili, Mokhtar Ridouh, Diego Alasia, Lucia Alberghina, Natalia Aramayo, Diego Buchara, Franco Gabriel Busso, Jose Javier Bustos Rivadero, Jorge Camilletti, Hugo Campanelli, Ricardo Belisario Castro, Mariana Daicz, Horacio del Riego, Laura Dragonetti, Diego Echazarreta, Juan Erriest, Fernando Faccio, Adolfo Facello, Hugo Gallegos, Ricardo Geronazzo, Horacio Glait, Victor Hasbani, Victor Jäger, Julio Manuel Lewkowicz, Jose Lotti, Neiva Maciel, Osvaldo Masoli, Edgardo Mastrovito, Maria Medus, Maria Fernanda Merani, Susana Molteni, Marcos Montecinos, Gustavo Parisi, Claudio Pereyra Sueldo, Diego Perez de Arenaza, Luis Quintana, Alejandro Radzinschi, Marcela Redruello, Marina Rodríguez, Horacio Rojas, Arturo Romero Acuña, Daniel Schere, Sonia Traverso, Gustavo Vazquez, Susana Zeffiro, Mari Sakanyan, Scott Beuzeville, Raef Boktor, Michael Crowley, D'Arne Downie, Girish Dwivedi, Barry Elison, Omar Farouque, Kim Jasper, Subodh Joshi, Joseph Lee, Kenneth Lee, Elaine Lui, Peter Mcconachie, Joanne Meaker, Dee Nandurkar, Johanne Neill, Edward O'Rourke, Patricia O'Sullivan, George Pandos, Manuja Premaratne, David Prior, Natalie Rutherford, Connor Saunders, Kim Taubman, Andrew Tauro, Andrew Taylor, James Theuerle, Paul Thomas, Jonathan Tow, Anthony Upton, Shankar Vamadevan, Victor Wayne, Eva Alina Wegner, David Wong, John Younger, Dietrich Beitzke, Gudrun Feuchtner, Oliver Sommer, Konrad Weiss, Natallia Maroz-Vadalazhskaya, Uladzimir Tserakhau, Filip Homans, Caroline M. Van De Heyning, Raúl Araujo, Valentina Soldat-Stankovic, Sinisa Stankovic, Augusto Almeida, Carlos Anselmi, Guilherme S.A. Azevedo, Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Diego Bromfman Pianta, Estevan Cabeda, Lara Carreira, Igor Coelho, Fernando de Amorim Fernandes, Andrea de Lorenzo, Roberta Delgado, Fernanda Erthal, Fabio Fernandes, Juliano Fernandes, Thiago Ferreira de Souza, Murilo Foppa, Wilson Furlan Matos Alves, Cibele Gontijo, Ilan Gottlieb, Gabriel Grossman, Maria Helena Albernaz Siqueira, Cesar Higa Nomura, Katia Hiromoto Koga, Ronaldo Lima, Rafael Lopes, Hugo Humberto Marçal Filho, Paulo Masiero, Luiz Mastrocola, Maria Eduarda Menezes de Siqueira, Claudio Mesquita, Danilo Naves, Filipe Penna, Ibraim Pinto, Thércio Rocha, Juliana Leal Rocha, Alfredo Rodrigues, Leila Salioni, Adelina Sanches, Marcelo Santos, Leonardo Sara Da Silva, Paulo Schvartzman, Cristina Sebastião Matushita, Tiago Senra, Marcelo Silva, Carlos Eduardo Soares, Bernardo Spiro, Carlos Eduardo Suaide Silva, Rafael Torres, Guilherme Urpia Monte, Andrea Vilela, Alexandre Volney Villa, Joao Vitola, Themissa Voss, Roberto Waltrick, Marcello Zapparoli, Hamid Naseer, Marina Garcheva-Tsacheva, Tiémégna Florence Ouattara, Sarameth Thou, Soley Varoeun, Gad Abikhzer, Rob Beanlands, Michael Chetrit, Dominique Dabreo, Carole Dennie, Matthias Friedrich, Mohmmed Nassoh Hafez, Kate Hanneman, Robert Miller, Anastasia Oikonomou, Idan Roifman, Gary Small, Vikas Tandon, Adwait Trivedi, James White, Katherine Zukotynski, Rita Alay, Carmen Concha, Teresa Massardo, Pedro Abad, Kelly Anzola, Harold Arturo, Luis Benitez, Alberto Cadena, Carlos Caicedo Zamudio, Antonio Calderón, Claudia T. Gutierrez Villamil, Claudia Jaimes, Juan L. Londono, Nelson Lopez, Sonia Merlano-Gaitan, Ramon Murgieitio-Cabrera, Manuel Valencia, Damiana Vergel, Alejandro Zuluaga Santamaria, Felix Solis, Tonci Batinic, Maja Franceschi, Maja Hrabak Paar, Marina Prpic, Cuba: Juan Felipe Batista, Lazaro Omar Cabrera, Amalia Peix, Yamilé Peña, Luis Manuel Rochela Vázquez, Ioannis Ntalas, Milan Kaminek, Vladimir Kincl, Otto Lang, Jawdat Abdulla, Morten Bøttcher, Martin Busk, Uka Geisler, Lars C. Gormsen, Nicolaj Hansson, Søren Hess, Jens Hove, Lars Thorbjoern Jensen, Magnus T. Jensen, Kristian Hay Kragholm, Bjarne L. Nørgaard, Kristian Øvrehus, Jan Rasmussen, Niels Peter Rønnow Sand, Hanne Sondergaard, Tomas Zaremba, Herwin Speckter, Nelson Amores, Mayra Sanchez Velez, Taghreed Abd Alrahman, Sherif Abd Elsamad, Alia Abdelfattah, Adel Allam, Sameh Elkaffas, Mona Hassan, Elshaymaa Hussein, Ahmed Ibrahim, Ahmed Kandeel, Mohamed Mandour Ali, Mahmoud Shaaban, Camila Flores, Verónica Vanesa Gómez Leiva, Anita Liiver, Martti Larikka, Valtteri Uusitalo, Denis Agostini, Clothilde Berger, Matthieu Dietz, Fabien Hyafil, Mickaël Ohana, Kevin Prigent, Hamza Regaieg, Laure Sarda-Mantel, Darach O. 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Karim, Mady Doucoure, Luise Reichmuth, Anthony Samuel, Mohamed Lemine Dieng, Ambedhkar Shantaram Naojee, Estrella Aguilera Hernandez, Cesar Rene Alducin Tellez, Erick Alexánderson-Rosas, Erika Barragan, Manuel Cabada, Daniel Calderón, Isabel Carvajal-Juarez, José Esparza, Manlio Gerardo Gama-Moreno, Virginia Garcia Quinto, Nelsy Coromoto Gonzalez, Mary Carmen Herrera-Zarza, Aloha Meave, Jesus Gregorio Medina Verdugo, Gabriela Melendez, Rafael Humberto Morales Murguia, Carlos Salvador Navarro Quiroz, Mario Ornelas, Andres Preciado-Anaya, Oscar Ulises Preciado-Gutiérrez, Adriana Puente, Aristóteles Ramírez Salazar, Sandra Graciela Rosales Uvera, Sandra Rosales-Uvera, Jose Antonio Serna Macias, Lilia Sierra-Galan, Lilia M. 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Aaysha Cader, Raihan Hussain, Saidur Rahman Khan, Tapati Mandal, Faria Nasreen, Yunqiang An, Dianbo Cao, Lianggeng Gong, Yang Hou, Chongfu Jia, Tao Li, Caiying Li, Hui Liu, Wenya Liu, Jinkang Liu, Ming-Yen Ng, Heshui Shi, Chunxiang Tang, Ximing Wang, Zhaoqian Wang, Yining Wang, Jiang Wu, Yan Yi, Li Yuan, Tong Zhang, Longjiang Zhang, Edith Chavez, Carlos Cruz, Christian Llontop, Rosanna Morales, Paz Abrihan, Asela Bustos-Barroso, Michele Duldulao-Ogbac, Christopher Eduarte, Jerry Obaldo, Alvin Quinon, Belinda San Juan, Carlo Joe San Juan, Marie Rhiamar Sauler-Gomez, Mila Uy, Magdalena Kostkiewicz, Jolanta Kunikowska, Anna Teresinska, Tomasz Urbanik, Nuno Bettencourt, Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho, Cristina Gavina, Lino Gonçalves, Filipe Macedo, Nuno Moreno, Carla Sousa, Ana Teresa Timoteo, Maria João Vidigal, Mahmoud Al Heidous, Subramaniyan Ramanathan, Samer Arnous, Said Aytani, Angela Byrne, Tadhg Gleeson, David Kerins, Julie O'Brien, Ji-In Bang, Henry Bom, Miju Cheon, Gi Jeong Cheon, Sang-Geon Cho, Chae Moon Hong, Yong Hyu Jeong, Won Jun Kang, Yeon-Koo Kang, Ji-Young Kim, So Won Oh, Young So, Ho-Chun Song, Kyoung Sook Won, Soo Woong Yoo, Irena Mitevska, Marija Vavlukis, Barbara Gužic Salobir, Monika Štalc, Theodora Benedek, Marian Pop, Claudiu Stan, Alexey Ansheles, Olga Dariy, Nina Gagarina, Irina Itskovich, Anatoliy Karalkin, Alexander Kokov, Gulya Marina, Ekaterina Migunova, Viktor Pospelov, Daria Ryzhkova, Guzaliya Sayfullina, Vladimir Sergienko, Irina Shurupova, Margarita Vakhromeeva, Nailia Valiullina, Konstantin Zavadovsky, Kirill Zhuravlev, Rami Abazid, Turki Al Garni, Mirvat Alasnag, Ahmed Aljizeeri, Hamid Amer, Ahmad Amro, Hesham Hamdy, Osama Smettei, Dragana Sobic Saranovic, Marina Vlajkovic, Felix Keng, Jason See, Zuzana Berecova, Jana Polakova Mistinova, Osayande Evbuomwan, Nerisha Govender, Jonathan Hack, Bawinile Hadebe, Khanyisile Hlongwa, Mitchell Kaplan, Hoosen Lakhi, Katarina Milos, Moshe Modiselle, Stuart More, Ntanganedzeni Muambadzi, Leonie Scholtz, Manuel Barreiro-Perez, Isabel Blanco, Jordi Broncano, Alicia Camarero, Irene Casáns-Tormo, Javier De Haro, Albert Flotats, Elia García, Ceferino Gutierrez Mendiguchia, Amelia Jimenez-Heffernan, Ruben Leta, Javier Lopez Diaz, Luis Lumbreras Vega, Ana Manovel-Sánchez, Amparo Martinez Monzonis, Bianca Patrut, Virginia Pubul, Ricardo Ruano Perez, Nahla Zeidan, Damayanthi Nanayakkara, Ahmed Suliman, Henrik Engblom, Mustafa Murtadha, Ellen Ostenfeld, Magnus Simonsson, Hatem Alkadhi, Ronny Ralf Buechel, Peter Burger, Christoph Gräni, Christel Kamani, Nadine Kawel-Böhm, Bernd Klaeser, Robert Manka, John Prior, Tawika Kaewchur, Benjapa Khiewvan, Arpakorn Kositwattanarerk, Sirianong Namwongprom, Tanyaluck Thientunyakit, Haluk Burcak Sayman, Mahmut Yüksel, Mugisha Julius Sebikali, Emmy Okello, Pavlo Korol, Iryna Noverko, Maryna Satyr, Tahir Ahmad, Khaled Alfakih, Ivo Andrade, Susan Buckingham, Anda Bularga, John-Paul Carpenter, Graham Cole, David Cusack, Sarojini David, Patrick Davis, Timothy Fairbairn, Arjun Ghosh, Prasad Guntur Ramkumar, Mark Hamilton, Faisal Haque, Benjamin Hudson, Annette Johnstone, V.J. 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Cameron Foster, Anthon Fuisz, Michael Gannon, David German, Myron Gerson, Jeffrey Geske, Fadi Hage, Agha Haider, Sofia Haider, Yasmin Hamirani, Karen Hassen, Robert Hendel, Jacqueline Henkel, Stephen Horgan, Mark Hyun, Rajesh Janardhanan, Scott Jerome, Dinesh Kalra, David Kassop, Mona Kinkhabwala, George Kinzfogl, Bernard Koch, Lynne Koweek, Joseph Krepp, Younghoon Kwon, Jay Layer, John Lesser, Steve Leung, Bernadette Lisske, Kathleen Magurany, Jeremy Markowitz, Brenda Mccullough, Azita Moalemi, Chanan Moffitt, Juan Montanez, Warren Moore, Shamil Morayati, Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Zorana Mrsic, Venkatesh Murthy, Prashant Nagpal, Katarina Nelson, Prabhjot Nijjar, Rupal O’Quinn, Edward Passen, Toral Patel, Pravin Patil, Amit Pursnani, Nancy Quachang, Mark Rabbat, Pragya Ranjan, Patricia Rodriguez Lozano, Mary Schemmer, Rebecca Seifried, Nishant Shah, Amee Shah, Sujata Shanbhag, Gaurav Sharma, Robert Skotnicki, Michael Sobczak, Prem Soman, Vincent Sorrell, Monvadi Srichai, Jim Streeter, Leah Strickland, Suliman Suliman, Naghmeh Tebyanian, Dustin Thomas, Randall Thompson, Seth Uretsky, Srikanth Vallurupalli, Marian Vandyck-Acquah, Vikas Verma, Todd Villines, Joseph Weinstein, David Wolinsky, Karolina Zareba, Michael Zgaljardic, Mario Beretta, Rodolfo Ferrando, Miguel Kapitan, Fernando Mut, Omoa Djuraev, Gulnora Rozikhodjaeva, Luisa Vera, Binh Duong Duc, Xuan Canh Nguyen, Phuoc Minh Hiep Nguyen, Translational Immunology Groningen (TRIGR), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE), Molecular Pharmacology, Drug Design, Einstein, A, Hirschfeld, C, Williams, M, Vitola, J, Better, N, Villines, T, Cerci, R, Shaw, L, Choi, A, Dorbala, S, Karthikeyan, G, Lu, B, Sinitsyn, V, Ansheles, A, Kudo, T, Bucciarelli-Ducci, C, Norgaard, B, Maurovich-Horvat, P, Campisi, R, Milan, E, Louw, L, Allam, A, Bhatia, M, Sewanan, L, Malkovskiy, E, Cohen, Y, Randazzo, M, Narula, J, Morozova, O, Pascual, T, Pynda, Y, Dondi, M, 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Rutherford, N, Saunders, C, Taubman, K, Tauro, A, Taylor, A, Theuerle, J, Thomas, P, Tow, J, Upton, A, Vamadevan, S, Wayne, V, Wegner, E, Wong, D, Younger, J, Beitzke, D, Feuchtner, G, Sommer, O, Weiss, K, Maroz-Vadalazhskaya, N, Tserakhau, U, Homans, F, Van De Heyning, C, Araujo, R, Soldat-Stankovic, V, Stankovic, S, Almeida, A, Anselmi, C, Azevedo, G, Bittencourt, M, Pianta, D, Cabeda, E, Carreira, L, Coelho, I, de Amorim Fernandes, F, de Lorenzo, A, Delgado, R, Erthal, F, Fernandes, F, Fernandes, J, Ferreira de Souza, T, Foppa, M, Matos Alves, W, Gontijo, C, Gottlieb, I, Grossman, G, Albernaz Siqueira, M, Nomura, C, Koga, K, Lima, R, Lopes, R, Marcal Filho, H, Masiero, P, Mastrocola, L, Menezes de Siqueira, M, Mesquita, C, Naves, D, Penna, F, Pinto, I, Rocha, T, Rocha, J, Rodrigues, A, Salioni, L, Sanches, A, Santos, M, Da Silva, L, Schvartzman, P, Matushita, C, Senra, T, Silva, M, Soares, C, Spiro, B, Suaide Silva, C, Torres, R, Monte, G, Vilela, A, Villa, A, Voss, T, Waltrick, R, 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Ornelas, M, Preciado-Anaya, A, Preciado-Gutierrez, O, Puente, A, Salazar, A, Rosales Uvera, S, Rosales-Uvera, S, Serna Macias, J, Sierra-Galan, L, Tirado Alderete, J, Vallejo, E, Faraggi, M, Sereegotov, E, Ben Rais, N, Alaoui, N, Kyiphyu, T, Oo, S, Win, S, Zar, H, Ghimire, R, Neupane, M, Glaudemans, A, Slart, R, Verschure, D, Allen, B, Edmond, J, Mckenzie, C, Tie, S, Van Pelt, N, Worthington, K, Young, C, Soli, I, Kana, S, Onubogu, U, Sani, M, Braten, A, Jorgensen, A, Vassbotn, H, Al Dhuhli, H, Jawa, Z, Tag, N, Fatima, S, Imran, M, Younis, M, Saadullah, M, Malo, Y, Lenturut-Katal, D, Castillo, M, Ortellado, J, Akhter, A, Cader, F, Hussain, R, Khan, S, Mandal, T, Nasreen, F, An, Y, Cao, D, Gong, L, Hou, Y, Jia, C, Li, T, Li, C, Liu, H, Liu, W, Liu, J, Ng, M, Shi, H, Tang, C, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wang, Y, Wu, J, Yi, Y, Yuan, L, Zhang, T, Zhang, L, Chavez, E, Cruz, C, Llontop, C, Morales, R, Abrihan, P, Bustos-Barroso, A, Duldulao-Ogbac, M, Eduarte, C, Obaldo, J, Quinon, A, San Juan, B, San Juan, C, Sauler-Gomez, M, Uy, M, Kostkiewicz, M, Kunikowska, J, Teresinska, A, Urbanik, T, Bettencourt, N, Fontes-Carvalho, R, Gavina, C, Goncalves, L, Macedo, F, Moreno, N, Sousa, C, Timoteo, A, Vidigal, M, Al Heidous, M, Ramanathan, S, Arnous, S, Aytani, S, Byrne, A, Gleeson, T, Kerins, D, O'Brien, J, Bang, J, Bom, H, Cheon, M, Cheon, G, Cho, S, Hong, C, Jeong, Y, Kang, W, Kang, Y, Kim, J, Oh, S, So, Y, Song, H, Won, K, Yoo, S, Mitevska, I, Vavlukis, M, Salobir, B, Stalc, M, Benedek, T, Pop, M, Stan, C, Dariy, O, Gagarina, N, Itskovich, I, Karalkin, A, Kokov, A, Marina, G, Migunova, E, Pospelov, V, Ryzhkova, D, Sayfullina, G, Sergienko, V, Shurupova, I, Vakhromeeva, M, Valiullina, N, Zavadovsky, K, Zhuravlev, K, Abazid, R, Al Garni, T, Alasnag, M, Aljizeeri, A, Amer, H, Amro, A, Hamdy, H, Smettei, O, Saranovic, D, Vlajkovic, M, Keng, F, See, J, Berecova, Z, Mistinova, J, Evbuomwan, O, Govender, N, Hack, J, Hadebe, B, Hlongwa, K, Kaplan, M, Lakhi, H, Milos, K, Modiselle, M, More, S, Muambadzi, N, Scholtz, L, Barreiro-Perez, M, Blanco, I, Broncano, J, Camarero, A, Casans-Tormo, I, De Haro, J, Flotats, A, Garcia, E, Mendiguchia, C, Jimenez-Heffernan, A, Leta, R, Diaz, J, Vega, L, Manovel-Sanchez, A, Monzonis, A, Patrut, B, Pubul, V, Perez, R, Zeidan, N, Nanayakkara, D, Suliman, A, Engblom, H, Murtadha, M, Ostenfeld, E, Simonsson, M, Alkadhi, H, Buechel, R, Burger, P, Grani, C, Kamani, C, Kawel-Bohm, N, Klaeser, B, Manka, R, Prior, J, Kaewchur, T, Khiewvan, B, Kositwattanarerk, A, Namwongprom, S, Thientunyakit, T, Sayman, H, Yuksel, M, Sebikali, M, Okello, E, Korol, P, Noverko, I, Satyr, M, Ahmad, T, Alfakih, K, Andrade, I, Buckingham, S, Bularga, A, Carpenter, J, Cole, G, Cusack, D, David, S, Davis, P, Fairbairn, T, Ghosh, A, Ramkumar, P, Hamilton, M, Haque, F, Hudson, B, Johnstone, A, Karthikeyan, V, Kay, M, Khan, M, Kitt, J, Low, C, Mcalindon, E, Mccreavy, D, Morrissey, B, Motwani, M, Na, D, Nicol, E, Patel, D, Rodrigues, J, Rofe, C, Schofield, R, Semple, T, Sheikh, A, Sinha, A, Subedi, D, Topping, W, Tweed, K, Underwood, S, Weir-Mccall, J, Zuhairy, H, Abbasi, T, Abohashem, S, Abramson, S, Al-Mallah, M, Kumar, M, Balmer-Swain, M, Berman, D, Bernheim, A, Bhatti, S, Biederman, R, Bieging, E, Bingham, S, Bloom, S, Blue, S, Borges, A, Branch, K, Bravo, P, Buddhe, S, Budoff, M, Bullock-Palmer, R, Cahill, M, Candela, C, Cao, J, Chatterjee, S, Chatzizisis, Y, Chaudhuri, N, Cheezum, M, Chelliah, A, Chen, T, Chen, M, Chen, L, Chokshi, A, Chung, J, Danciu, S, Desisto, W, Dilorenzo, M, Doukky, R, Duvall, W, Ferencik, M, Foster, C, Fuisz, A, Gannon, M, German, D, Gerson, M, Geske, J, Hage, F, Haider, A, Haider, S, Hamirani, Y, Hassen, K, Hendel, R, Henkel, J, Horgan, S, Hyun, M, Janardhanan, R, Jerome, S, Kalra, D, Kassop, D, Kinkhabwala, M, Kinzfogl, G, Koch, B, Koweek, L, Krepp, J, Kwon, Y, Layer, J, Lesser, J, Leung, S, Lisske, B, Magurany, K, Markowitz, J, Mccullough, B, Moalemi, A, Moffitt, C, Montanez, J, Moore, W, Morayati, S, Mossa-Basha, M, Mrsic, Z, Murthy, V, Nagpal, P, Nelson, K, Nijjar, P, O'Quinn, R, Passen, E, Patil, P, Pursnani, A, Quachang, N, Rabbat, M, Ranjan, P, Lozano, P, Schemmer, M, Seifried, R, Shah, N, Shah, A, Shanbhag, S, Sharma, G, Skotnicki, R, Sobczak, M, Soman, P, Sorrell, V, Srichai, M, Streeter, J, Strickland, L, Suliman, S, Tebyanian, N, Thomas, D, Thompson, R, Uretsky, S, Vallurupalli, S, Vandyck-Acquah, M, Verma, V, Weinstein, J, Wolinsky, D, Zareba, K, Zgaljardic, M, Beretta, M, Ferrando, R, Kapitan, M, Mut, F, Djuraev, O, Rozikhodjaeva, G, Vera, L, Duc, B, Nguyen, X, Hiep Nguyen, P, Einstein, Andrew J, Hirschfeld, Cole, Williams, Michelle C, Vitola, Joao V, Better, Nathan, Villines, Todd C, Cerci, Rodrigo, Shaw, Leslee J, Choi, Andrew D, Dorbala, Sharmila, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Lu, Bin, Sinitsyn, Valentin, Ansheles, Alexey A, Kudo, Takashi, Bucciarelli-Ducci, Chiara, Nørgaard, Bjarne Linde, Maurovich-Horvat, Pál, Campisi, Roxana, Milan, Elisa, Louw, Lizette, Allam, Adel H, Bhatia, Mona, Sewanan, Lorenzo, Malkovskiy, Eli, Cohen, Yosef, Randazzo, Michael, Narula, Jagat, Morozova, Olga, Pascual, Thomas N B, Pynda, Yaroslav, Dondi, Maurizio, Paez, Diana, and Cuocolo, Alberto
Subjects: cardiac testing, Health Personnel, delivery of health care, coronavirus, COVID-19, global health, 610 Medicine & health, cardiovascular disease, health personnel, humans, pandemics, surveys and questionnaires, coronaviru, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Delivery of Health Care, Pandemics, COVID-19/epidemiology
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent to which health care systems have adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic to provide necessary cardiac diagnostic services is unknown.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the pandemic on cardiac testing practices, volumes and types of diagnostic services, and perceived psychological stress to health care providers worldwide.METHODS: The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing alterations from baseline in cardiovascular diagnostic care at the pandemic's onset and 1 year later. Multivariable regression was used to determine factors associated with procedure volume recovery.RESULTS: Surveys were submitted from 669 centers in 107 countries. Worldwide reduction in cardiac procedure volumes of 64% from March 2019 to April 2020 recovered by April 2021 in high- and upper middle-income countries (recovery rates of 108% and 99%) but remained depressed in lower middle- and low-income countries (46% and 30% recovery). Although stress testing was used 12% less frequently in 2021 than in 2019, coronary computed tomographic angiography was used 14% more, a trend also seen for other advanced cardiac imaging modalities (positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance; 22%-25% increases). Pandemic-related psychological stress was estimated to have affected nearly 40% of staff, impacting patient care at 78% of sites. In multivariable regression, only lower-income status and physicians' psychological stress were significant in predicting recovery of cardiac testing.CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac diagnostic testing has yet to recover to prepandemic levels in lower-income countries. Worldwide, the decrease in standard stress testing is offset by greater use of advanced cardiac imaging modalities. Pandemic-related psychological stress among providers is widespread and associated with poor recovery of cardiac testing.
Published: 2022

15. Osteoinductive 3D printed scaffold healed 5 cm segmental bone defects in the ovine metatarsus

Author: Daniel P. Regan, Elaine Lui, Michael J. Gardner, Christian M. Puttlitz, Kevin M. Labus, Seyedsina Moeinzadeh, Jiannan Li, Ross H. Palmer, Sungwoo Kim, Brad B. Nelson, Benjamin C. Gadomski, William J. Maloney, Alexander M. Stahl, Jeremiah T. Easley, Arnaud Bruyas, Yunzhi Peter Yang, and Kirk C. McGilvray
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Scaffold, Bone Regeneration, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, 02 engineering and technology, Biomaterials - vaccines, law.invention, Translational Research, Biomedical, Intramedullary rod, Fractures, Bone, Transforming Growth Factor beta, law, Metatarsal Bones, Fracture Healing, Bone Transplantation, Multidisciplinary, Tissue Scaffolds, Histocytochemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Recombinant Proteins, Biomechanical Phenomena, Collagen sponge, Medicine, 0210 nano-technology, 3d printed, Science, Nonunion, Bone morphogenetic protein, Transplantation, Autologous, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, medicine, Animals, Humans, Implants, Bone regeneration, Sheep, business.industry, X-Ray Microtomography, Translational research, medicine.disease, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Preclinical research, business, Bone volume, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: Autologous bone grafts are considered the gold standard grafting material for the treatment of nonunion, but in very large bone defects, traditional autograft alone is insufficient to induce repair. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) can stimulate bone regeneration and enhance the healing efficacy of bone grafts. The delivery of rhBMP-2 may even enable engineered synthetic scaffolds to be used in place of autologous bone grafts for the treatment of critical size defects, eliminating risks associated with autologous tissue harvest. We here demonstrate that an osteoinductive scaffold, fabricated by combining a 3D printed rigid polymer/ceramic composite scaffold with an rhBMP-2-eluting collagen sponge can treat extremely large-scale segmental defects in a pilot feasibility study using a new sheep metatarsus fracture model stabilized with an intramedullary nail. Bone regeneration after 24 weeks was evaluated by micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, and histological characterization. Load-bearing cortical bridging was achieved in all animals, with increased bone volume observed in sheep that received osteoinductive scaffolds compared to sheep that received an rhBMP-2-eluting collagen sponge alone.
Published: 2021

16. Interpretable surface-based detection of focal cortical dysplasias: a multi-centre epilepsy lesion detection study

Author: Hannah Spitzer, Mathilde Ripart, Kirstie Whitaker, Felice D’Arco, Kshitij Mankad, Andrew A Chen, Antonio Napolitano, Luca De Palma, Alessandro De Benedictis, Stephen Foldes, Zachary Humphreys, Kai Zhang, Wenhan Hu, Jiajie Mo, Marcus Likeman, Shirin Davies, Christopher Güttler, Matteo Lenge, Nathan T Cohen, Yingying Tang, Shan Wang, Aswin Chari, Martin Tisdall, Nuria Bargallo, Estefanía Conde-Blanco, Jose Carlos Pariente, Saül Pascual-Diaz, Ignacio Delgado-Martínez, Carmen Pérez-Enríquez, Ilaria Lagorio, Eugenio Abela, Nandini Mullatti, Jonathan O’Muircheartaigh, Katy Vecchiato, Yawu Liu, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Ben Sinclair, Lucy Vivash, Anna Willard, Jothy Kandasamy, Ailsa McLellan, Drahoslav Sokol, Mira Semmelroch, Ane G Kloster, Giske Opheim, Letícia Ribeiro, Clarissa Yasuda, Camilla Rossi-Espagnet, Khalid Hamandi, Anna Tietze, Carmen Barba, Renzo Guerrini, William Davis Gaillard, Xiaozhen You, Irene Wang, Sofía González-Ortiz, Mariasavina Severino, Pasquale Striano, Domenico Tortora, Reetta Kälviäinen, Antonio Gambardella, Angelo Labate, Patricia Desmond, Elaine Lui, Terence O’Brien, Jay Shetty, Graeme Jackson, John S Duncan, Gavin P Winston, Lars H Pinborg, Fernando Cendes, Fabian J Theis, Russell T Shinohara, J Helen Cross, Torsten Baldeweg, Sophie Adler, and Konrad Wagstyl
Subjects: Epilepsy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Focal cortical dysplasia, Malformations of Cortical Development, Structural MRI, machine learning, Machine learning, Humans, epilepsy, Epilepsies, Partial, Neurology (clinical), focal cortical dysplasia, structural MRI, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: One outstanding challenge for machine learning in diagnostic biomedical imaging is algorithm interpretability. A key application is the identification of subtle epileptogenic focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) from structural MRI. FCDs are difficult to visualize on structural MRI but are often amenable to surgical resection. We aimed to develop an open-source, interpretable, surface-based machine-learning algorithm to automatically identify FCDs on heterogeneous structural MRI data from epilepsy surgery centres worldwide. The Multi-centre Epilepsy Lesion Detection (MELD) Project collated and harmonized a retrospective MRI cohort of 1015 participants, 618 patients with focal FCD-related epilepsy and 397 controls, from 22 epilepsy centres worldwide. We created a neural network for FCD detection based on 33 surface-based features. The network was trained and cross-validated on 50% of the total cohort and tested on the remaining 50% as well as on 2 independent test sites. Multidimensional feature analysis and integrated gradient saliencies were used to interrogate network performance. Our pipeline outputs individual patient reports, which identify the location of predicted lesions, alongside their imaging features and relative saliency to the classifier. On a restricted ‘gold-standard’ subcohort of seizure-free patients with FCD type IIB who had T1 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI data, the MELD FCD surface-based algorithm had a sensitivity of 85%. Across the entire withheld test cohort the sensitivity was 59% and specificity was 54%. After including a border zone around lesions, to account for uncertainty around the borders of manually delineated lesion masks, the sensitivity was 67%. This multicentre, multinational study with open access protocols and code has developed a robust and interpretable machine-learning algorithm for automated detection of focal cortical dysplasias, giving physicians greater confidence in the identification of subtle MRI lesions in individuals with epilepsy.
Published: 2022

17. Atlas of lesion locations and postsurgical seizure freedom in focal cortical dysplasia:A MELD study

Author: Jose Carlos Pariente, Antonio Gambardella, Fernando Cendes, Ane Kloster, Ailsa McLellan, Ben Sinclair, Terry O'Brien, Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh, Gavin P. Winston, Mira Semmelroch, Estefanía Conde-Blanco, Torsten Baldeweg, Zachary Humphreys, Xiaozhen You, Elaine Lui, Nandini Mullatti, Clarissa L. Yasuda, Domenico Tortora, Stephen T. Foldes, Jakob Seidlitz, Martin Tisdall, Yawu Liu, Carmen Barba, Petra E. Vértes, Angelo Labate, Shan Wang, Konrad Wagstyl, Lars H. Pinborg, Jothy Kandasamy, Irene Wang, Mathilde Ripart, Mariasavina Severino, Aswin Chari, Lucy Vivash, Shirin Davies, Carmen Pérez-Enríquez, Nathan T. Cohen, John S. Duncan, Ilaria Lagorio, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Drahoslav Sokol, Reetta Kälviäinen, Eugenio Abela, William D. Gaillard, Giske Opheim, Jiajie Mo, Anna Willard, Graeme D. Jackson, Jay Shetty, JH Cross, Marcus Likeman, Renzo Guerrini, Wenhan Hu, Katy Vecchiato, Khalid Hamandi, Sophie Adler, Kai Zhang, Saül Pascual-Diaz, Matteo Lenge, Ignacio Delgado-Martínez, Kirstie Whitaker, Núria Bargalló, Pasquale Striano, Patricia Desmond, Yingying Tang, Sofía González-Ortiz, Armin Raznahan, Wagstyl, Konrad [0000-0003-3439-5808], Cohen, Nathan T [0000-0002-1410-3487], Tang, Yingying [0000-0001-5813-0308], Wang, Shan [0000-0002-6238-2644], Chari, Aswin [0000-0003-0053-147X], Conde-Blanco, Estefanía [0000-0001-7436-987X], Pérez-Enríquez, Carmen [0000-0002-2109-0426], Opheim, Giske [0000-0002-1516-0838], Barba, Carmen [0000-0001-5445-5842], Guerrini, Renzo [0000-0002-7272-7079], Gaillard, William Davis [0000-0001-5709-0033], Wang, Irene [0000-0002-3829-5217], Striano, Pasquale [0000-0002-6065-1476], Gambardella, Antonio [0000-0001-7384-3074], Labate, Angelo [0000-0002-8827-7324], Cendes, Fernando [0000-0001-9336-9568], Baldeweg, Torsten [0000-0002-5724-1679], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Freedom, medicine.medical_specialty, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, lesions, Lesion, Epilepsy, drug-resistant epilepsy, Neuroimaging, Seizures, medicine, Humans, neurosurgery, Child, Retrospective Studies, Errata, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Cortical dysplasia, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Malformations of Cortical Development, Treatment Outcome, Neurology, Frontal lobe, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, Superior frontal sulcus, medicine.symptom, business, focal cortical dysplasia, MRI
Abstract: Funder: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) GOSH BRC, OBJECTIVE: Drug-resistant focal epilepsy is often caused by focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs). The distribution of these lesions across the cerebral cortex and the impact of lesion location on clinical presentation and surgical outcome are largely unknown. We created a neuroimaging cohort of patients with individually mapped FCDs to determine factors associated with lesion location and predictors of postsurgical outcome. METHODS: The MELD (Multi-centre Epilepsy Lesion Detection) project collated a retrospective cohort of 580 patients with epilepsy attributed to FCD from 20 epilepsy centers worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging-based maps of individual FCDs with accompanying demographic, clinical, and surgical information were collected. We mapped the distribution of FCDs, examined for associations between clinical factors and lesion location, and developed a predictive model of postsurgical seizure freedom. RESULTS: FCDs were nonuniformly distributed, concentrating in the superior frontal sulcus, frontal pole, and temporal pole. Epilepsy onset was typically before the age of 10 years. Earlier epilepsy onset was associated with lesions in primary sensory areas, whereas later epilepsy onset was associated with lesions in association cortices. Lesions in temporal and occipital lobes tended to be larger than frontal lobe lesions. Seizure freedom rates varied with FCD location, from around 30% in visual, motor, and premotor areas to 75% in superior temporal and frontal gyri. The predictive model of postsurgical seizure freedom had a positive predictive value of 70% and negative predictive value of 61%. SIGNIFICANCE: FCD location is an important determinant of its size, the age at epilepsy onset, and the likelihood of seizure freedom postsurgery. Our atlas of lesion locations can be used to guide the radiological search for subtle lesions in individual patients. Our atlas of regional seizure freedom rates and associated predictive model can be used to estimate individual likelihoods of postsurgical seizure freedom. Data-driven atlases and predictive models are essential for evidence-based, precision medicine and risk counseling in epilepsy.
Published: 2022

18. Aortic root measurement on CT: linear dimensions, aortic root area and comparison with echocardiography. A retrospective cross sectional study

Author: Elaine Lui, Nathan Better, Henry C Knipe, Francesca Langenberg, Simon Binny, Kai'En Leong, Heather M Pascoe, and Subodh B Joshi
Subjects: Aortic valve, Male, Cross-sectional study, Aortic root, Contrast Media, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, X ray computed, medicine.artery, Medical imaging, Medicine, Thoracic aorta, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Aorta, Retrospective Studies, Full Paper, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, Organ Size, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Echocardiography, Aortic Valve, Female, Tomography, business, Nuclear medicine, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract: Objective: We sought to assess the different CT aortic root measurements and determine their relationship to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Methods: TTE and ECG-gated CT images were reviewed from 70 consecutive patients (mean age 54 ± 18 years; 67% male) with tricuspid aortic roots (trileaflet aortic valves) between Nov 2009 and Dec 2013. Three CT planes (coronal, short axis en face and three-chamber) were used for measurement of nine linear dimensions. TTE aortic root dimension was measured as per guidelines from the parasternal long axis view. Results: All CT short axis measurements of the aortic root had excellent reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC 0.96–0.99), while coronal and three-chamber planes had lower reproducibility with ICC 0.90 (95% CI 0.84–0.94) and ICC 0.92 (0.87–0.95) respectively. CT coronal and short axis maximal dimensions were systematically larger than TTE (mean 2 mm larger, p < 0.001), while CT cusp to commissure measurements were systematically smaller (CT RCC-comm mean 2 mm smaller than TTE, p < 0.001). All CT short axis measurements had excellent correlation with aortic root area with CT short axis maximal dimension marginally better than the rest (Pearson’s R 0.97). Conclusion: Systematic differences exist between CT and TTE dependent on the CT plane of measurement. All CT short axis measurements of the aortic root had excellent reproducibility and correlation with aortic root area with maximal dimension appearing marginally better than the rest. Our findings highlight the importance of specifying the chosen plane of aortic root measurement on CT. Advances in knowledge: Systematic differences in aortic root dimension exist between TTE and the various CT measurement planes. CT coronal and short axis maximal dimensions were systematically larger than TTE, while CT cusp to commissure measurements were smaller. CT readers should indicate the plane of measurement and the specific linear dimension to avoid ambiguity in follow-up and comparison.
Published: 2021

19. The Influence of Electron Beam Sterilization on In Vivo Degradation of β-TCP/PCL of Different Composite Ratios for Bone Tissue Engineering

Author: Yunzhi Peter Yang, Jae Gon Jang, Kumaresan Sakthiabirami, Aijun Wang, Sang-Won Park, Elaine Lui, Janelle Kaneda, Carolyn Kim, and Jin-Ho Kang
Subjects: Biocompatibility, In vivo degradation, lcsh:Mechanical engineering and machinery, 0206 medical engineering, Composite number, PCL) composite, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Article, Bone tissue engineering, chemistry.chemical_compound, β-tricalcium phosphate/polycaprolactone (β-TCP/PCL) composite, Electron beam processing, Nanotechnology, electron beam sterilization, lcsh:TJ1-1570, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, bone tissue engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Histology, 3D printing, Sterilization (microbiology), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 020601 biomedical engineering, Control and Systems Engineering, Polycaprolactone, Biomedical Imaging, polycaprolactone (beta-TCP, 0210 nano-technology, beta-tricalcium phosphate, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: We evaluated the effect of electron beam (E-beam) sterilization (25 kGy, ISO 11137) on the degradation of &beta, tricalcium phosphate/polycaprolactone (&beta, TCP/PCL) composite filaments of various ratios (0:100, 20:80, 40:60, and 60:40 TCP:PCL by mass) in a rat subcutaneous model for 24 weeks. Volumes of the samples before implantation and after explantation were measured using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The filament volume changes before sacrifice were also measured using a live micro-CT. In our micro-CT analyses, there was no significant difference in volume change between the E-beam treated groups and non-E-beam treated groups of the same &beta, TCP to PCL ratios, except for the 0% &beta, TCP group. However, the average volume reduction differences between the E-beam and non-E-beam groups in the same-ratio samples were 0.76% (0% TCP), 3.30% (20% TCP), 4.65% (40% TCP), and 3.67% (60% TCP). The E-beam samples generally had more volume reduction in all experimental groups. Therefore, E-beam treatment may accelerate degradation. In our live micro-CT analyses, most volume reduction arose in the first four weeks after implantation and slowed between 4 and 20 weeks in all groups. E-beam groups showed greater volume reduction at every time point, which is consistent with the results by micro-CT analysis. Histology results suggest the biocompatibility of TCP/PCL composite filaments.
Published: 2020
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20. Fibre-specific white matter changes in multiple sclerosis patients with optic neuritis

Author: Elaine Lui, Anneke van der Walt, Sanuji Gajamange, Trevor J. Kilpatrick, Joanne Fielding, Alan Connelly, David Raffelt, Scott C Kolbe, and Thijs Dhollander
Subjects: Male, Pathology, Wallerian degeneration, Axonal degeneration, FDC, fibre density and cross-section, lcsh:RC346-429, Diffusion, 0302 clinical medicine, Nerve Fibers, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, ILF, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, Correlation of Data, SS3T-CSD, single-shell 3-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, Regular Article, Middle Aged, White Matter, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, lcsh:R858-859.7, Female, MRI, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Optic Neuritis, Cognitive Neuroscience, FD, fibre density, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, 050105 experimental psychology, MS, multiple sclerosis, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Atrophy, Fractional anisotropy, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Optic neuritis, FC, fibre cross-section, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Anisotropy, Apparent fibre density, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: Long term irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be primarily driven by axonal degeneration. Axonal degeneration leads to degenerative atrophy, therefore early markers of axonal degeneration are required to predict clinical disability and treatment efficacy. Given that additional pathologies such as inflammation, demyelination and oedema are also present in MS, it is essential to develop axonal markers that are not confounded by these processes. The present study investigated a novel method for measuring axonal degeneration in MS based on high angular resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Unlike standard methods, this novel method involved advanced acquisition and modelling for improved axonal sensitivity and specificity. Recent work has developed analytical methods, two novel axonal markers, fibre density and cross-section, that can be estimated for each fibre direction in each voxel (termed a “fixel”). This technique, termed fixel-based analysis, thus simultaneously estimates axonal density and white matter atrophy from specific white matter tracts. Diffusion-weighted imaging datasets were acquired for 17 patients with a history of acute unilateral optic neuritis (35.3 ± 10.2 years, 11 females) and 14 healthy controls (32.7 ± 4.8 years, 8 females) on a 3 T scanner. Fibre density values were compared to standard diffusion tensor imaging parameters (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) in lesions and normal appearing white matter. Group comparisons were performed for each fixel to assess putative differences in fibre density and fibre cross-section. Fibre density was observed to have a comparable sensitivity to fractional anisotropy for detecting white matter pathology in MS, but was not affected by crossing axonal fibres. Whole brain fixel-based analysis revealed significant reductions in fibre density and fibre cross-section in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (including the optic radiations) of patients compared to controls. We interpret this result to indicate that this fixel-based approach is able to detect early loss of fibre density and cross-section in the optic radiations in MS patients with a history of optic neuritis. Fibre-specific markers of axonal degeneration should be investigated further for use in early stage therapeutic trials, or to monitor axonal injury in early stage MS., Highlights • Fibre density is reduced in lesions and normal-appearing white matter in MS • Fibre density detects white matter pathology in regions of crossing fibres • Loss of fibre density and cross-section selectively evident in visual pathways of optic neuritis patients.
Published: 2018

21. Listen to the Squawking Chicken : When Mother Knows Best, What's a Daughter To Do? A Memoir (Sort Of)

Author: Elaine Lui and Elaine Lui
Subjects: Mothers and daughters--United States
Abstract: “I devoured this book in one sitting...alternately cheering, laughing, cringing, and gasping in horror. Lui captures the complexity of a mother-daughter relationship that is both complicated and beautiful. Poignant with a bare honesty that may make you think (and rethink) your own relationships.” —Jenny Lawson, #1 New York Times–bestselling author of Let's Pretend This Never HappenedAs the 800,000+ U.S. fans of Elaine Lui's site know, her mother, aka The Squawking Chicken, is a huge factor in Elaine's life. She pulls no punches, especially with her only child. “Where's my money?” she asks every time she sees Elaine. “You'll never be Miss Hong Kong,” she informed her daughter when she was a girl. Listen to the Squawking Chicken lays bare the playbook of unusual advice, warnings, and unwavering love that has guided Elaine throughout her life. Using the nine principles that her mother used to raise her, Elaine tells us the story of the Squawking Chicken's life—in which she walked an unusual path to parent with tough love, humor, and, through it all, a mother's unyielding devotion to her daughter. This is a love letter to mothers everywhere.
Published: 2014

22. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Crosslink among Inflammation, Nitroxidative Stress, Intestinal Microbiota and Alternative Therapies

Author: Elaine Luiza Santos Soares de Mendonça, Marilene Brandão Tenório Fragoso, Jerusa Maria de Oliveira, Jadriane Almeida Xavier, Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart, and Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira
Subjects: insulin resistance, pregnancy, pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, dysbiosis, natural products, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by a set of metabolic complications arising from adaptive failures to the pregnancy period. Estimates point to a prevalence of 3 to 15% of pregnancies. Its etiology includes intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the progenitress, which may contribute to the pathophysiogenesis of GDM. Recently, researchers have identified that inflammation, oxidative stress, and the gut microbiota participate in the development of the disease, with potentially harmful effects on the health of the maternal-fetal binomial, in the short and long terms. In this context, alternative therapies were investigated from two perspectives: the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, with probiotics and prebiotics, and the use of natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may mitigate the endogenous processes of the GDM, favoring the health of the mother and her offspring, and in a future perspective, alleviating this critical public health problem.
Published: 2022
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23. Caracterização química de compostos e vermicompostos produzidos com casca de arroz e dejetos animais

Author: Elaine Luiza Biacchi Vione, Leandro Souza da Silva, Alberto Cargnelutti Filho, Natália Tobin Aita, Alexssandro de Freitas de Morais, and Allan Augusto Kokkonen da Silva
Subjects: análise química, fracionamento de fibras, reciclagem, sustentabilidade, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract: RESUMO Dejetos animais representam importantes fontes de nutrientes para as plantas; entretanto, necessitam de estabilização para evitar contaminação ambiental. Juntamente com a casca de arroz, podem ser usados em compostagens e vermicompostagens e reinseridos no sistema produtivo. Neste estudo, foram elaborados compostos e vermicompostos com casca de arroz e dejetos de aves, bovinos e suínos, que, após estabilização biológica, foram avaliados quanto à composição química e fracionamento de fibras, relacionando-se com sua adequação ao uso agrícola e seu potencial fertilizante. A redução do teor de C e da relação C/N e o aumento da relação CTC/C dos compostos e vermicompostos indicaram que os processamentos favoreceram a degradação dos resíduos orgânicos e sua estabilização. Os dejetos afetam a composição, sendo que maiores teores de P, Ca e Mg foram obtidos nos materiais com dejetos de aves (1%, 4,9% e 1,6%, respectivamente). Os compostos e vermicompostos apresentaram composições similares, exceto para CE (redução de 1,6 para 0,5 dS.m-1 em vermicompostagem, na média dos três dejetos) e nos teores de K (redução de 1,8 para 0,6%, em vermicompostagem com dejeto de aves), provavelmente pela lixiviação durante o processo. Houve maior fração solúvel (61,5%) e menores teores de celulose (9,3%) e lignina (7,2%) no composto e vermicomposto com dejeto bovino, o que poderá favorecer a liberação de N para as plantas na decomposição desse material. Os dejetos de aves, bovinos e suínos resultaram em compostos maturados e vermicompostados com características químicas diferentes, sendo que os maiores teores de P, Ca e Mg foram observados nos materiais produzidos com dejetos de aves. Conclui-se que os compostos e vermicompostos produzidos poderiam ser utilizados em substituição aos fertilizantes minerais e as quantidades a serem aplicadas devem ser ajustadas em função de sua composição específica.
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24. ASIAN LEGENDS.

Author: ELAINE LUI
Subjects: NONFICTION
Published: 2015

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24 results on '"Elaine Lui"'

1. An osteoinductive and biodegradable intramedullary implant accelerates bone healing and mitigates complications of bone transport in male rats

2. Structural network alterations in focal and generalized epilepsy assessed in a worldwide ENIGMA study follow axes of epilepsy risk gene expression

3. The effect of genetically modified platelet-derived growth factor-BB over-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells during core decompression for steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits

4. Effect of porosity of a functionally-graded scaffold for the treatment of corticosteroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits

5. 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Brain Glutamate in Acute Ischaemic Stroke

6. Hybprinting for musculoskeletal tissue engineering

7. Osteoinductive 3D printed scaffold healed 5 cm segmental bone defects in the ovine metatarsus

8. Artificial intelligence for classification of temporal lobe epilepsy with ROI-level MRI data: A worldwide ENIGMA-Epilepsy study

9. Reproducibility of Glutamate, Glutathione, and GABA Measurements in vivo by Single-Voxel STEAM Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 7-Tesla in Healthy Individuals

10. Resting-state functional connectivity and quantitation of glutamate and GABA of the PCC/precuneus by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7T in healthy individuals.

11. Fibre-specific white matter changes in multiple sclerosis patients with optic neuritis

12. The Influence of Electron Beam Sterilization on In Vivo Degradation of β-TCP/PCL of Different Composite Ratios for Bone Tissue Engineering

13. Impact of Different Artificial Intelligence User Interfaces on Lung Nodule and Mass Detection on Chest Radiographs

14. Worldwide Disparities in Recovery of Cardiac Testing 1 Year Into COVID-19

15. Osteoinductive 3D printed scaffold healed 5 cm segmental bone defects in the ovine metatarsus

16. Interpretable surface-based detection of focal cortical dysplasias: a multi-centre epilepsy lesion detection study

17. Atlas of lesion locations and postsurgical seizure freedom in focal cortical dysplasia:A MELD study

18. Aortic root measurement on CT: linear dimensions, aortic root area and comparison with echocardiography. A retrospective cross sectional study

19. The Influence of Electron Beam Sterilization on In Vivo Degradation of β-TCP/PCL of Different Composite Ratios for Bone Tissue Engineering

20. Fibre-specific white matter changes in multiple sclerosis patients with optic neuritis

21. Listen to the Squawking Chicken : When Mother Knows Best, What's a Daughter To Do? A Memoir (Sort Of)

22. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Crosslink among Inflammation, Nitroxidative Stress, Intestinal Microbiota and Alternative Therapies

23. Caracterização química de compostos e vermicompostos produzidos com casca de arroz e dejetos animais

24. ASIAN LEGENDS.

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