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1. Potentially modifiable determinants of malnutrition in older adults:A systematic review

Author: E. O'Herlihy, Paul W. O'Toole, Isabelle Maître, M. Streicher, Isabelle Papet, Emma O'Shea, Mary Hickson, Karin Schindler, O. van de Rest, Gabriel Torbahn, Dominique Dardevet, Sulmont Rosse, Suzanne Timmons, Mary O'Keeffe, Antje Hebestreit, Marjolein Visser, Eva Kiesswetter, Marie-Agnès Peyron, Catherine Stanton, Maike Wolters, Mary Kelly, Ruth Teh, Sylvie Issanchou, Eibhlís M. O'Connor, Patricia M. Kearney, Marion Flechtner-Mors, Gabriele Nagel, Marta Stelmach-Mardas, L. C. P. G. M. De Groot, Dorothee Volkert, Yves Rolland, Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College [Hanover], University College Cork (UCC), Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), University of Plymouth, Gérontopôle, Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Leibniz Association, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), University of Auckland [Auckland], Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), University of Limerick (UL), Austria, Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (BMWFW), France, Ecole Supérieure d’Agricultires (ESA), Germany, Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) represented by Federal Office forAgriculture and Food (BLE), Ireland, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) and the Health Research Board (HRB), Spain, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and the SENATOR trial (FP7-HEALTH-2012-305930), The Netherlands, The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)., Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, Ecole Supérieure d’Agricultires, Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Health Research Board, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain, The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, MaNuEL Knowledge Hub, BMWFW-10.420/0003-WF/V/3C/2016, FAU: 2815ERA10E, BIPS: 815ERA09E, 15HDHL2, Nutrition and Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, O’connor, Eibhlís M., HRB, Plymouth University, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), ProdInra, Migration, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), and VU University Amsterdam
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, prospective cohort studies, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, systematic review, Risk Factors, déterminant, Medicine, Prospective cohort study, older adults, Determinants, Aged, 80 and over, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, determinants, Nutritional Biology, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, Systematic review, Meta-analysis, Older adults, Alimentation et Nutrition, Female, étude de cohorte, Psychosocial, Cohort study, Environmental Risk Assessment, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, malnutrition, personne âgée, Prospective cohort studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Malnutrition, BU Authenticity & Bioassays, Environmental health, Humans, Food and Nutrition, education, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, Exercise, Aged, VLAG, Polypharmacy, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, business.industry, étude prospective, medicine.disease, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, BU Authenticiteit & Bioassays, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: open access article; International audience; [u]Background & Aims[/u] Malnutrition in older adults results in significant personal, social, and economic burden. To combat this complex, multifactorial issue, evidence-based knowledge is needed on the modifiable determinants of malnutrition. Systematic reviews of prospective studies are lacking in this area; therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the modifiable determinants of malnutrition in older adults. [u]Methods[/u] A systematic approach was taken to conduct this review. Eight databases were searched. Prospective cohort studies with participants of a mean age of 65 years or over were included. Studies were required to measure at least one determinant at baseline and malnutrition as outcome at follow-up. Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Pooling of data in a meta-analysis was not possible therefore the findings of each study were synthesized narratively. A descriptive synthesis of studies was used to present results due the heterogeneity of population source and setting, definitions of determinants and outcomes. Consistency of findings was assessed using the schema: strong evidence, moderate evidence, low evidence, and conflicting evidence. [u]Results[/u] Twenty-three studies were included in the final review. Thirty potentially modifiable determinants across seven domains (oral, psychosocial, medication and care, health, physical function, lifestyle, eating) were included. The majority of studies had a high risk of bias and were of a low quality. There is moderate evidence that hospitalisation, eating dependency, poor self-perceived health, poor physical function and poor appetite are determinants of malnutrition. Moderate evidence suggests that chewing difficulties, mouth pain, gum issues co-morbidity, visual and hearing impairments, smoking status, alcohol consumption and physical activity levels, complaints about taste of food and specific nutrient intake are not determinants of malnutrition. There is low evidence that loss of interest in life, access to meals and wheels, and modified texture diets are determinants of malnutrition. Furthermore, there is low evidence that psychological distress, anxiety, loneliness, access to transport and wellbeing, hunger and thirst are not determinants of malnutrition. There appears to be conflicting evidence that dental status, swallowing, cognitive function, depression, residential status, medication intake and/or polypharmacy, constipation, periodontal disease are determinants of malnutrition. [u]Conclusion[/u] There are multiple potentially modifiable determinants of malnutrition however strong robust evidence is lacking for the majority of determinants. Better prospective cohort studies are required. With an increasingly aging population, targeting modifiable factors will be crucial to the effective treatment and prevention of malnutrition.
Published: 2019
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2. Inter-annual variability in the environmental performance of viticulture technical management routes—a case study in the Middle Loire Valley (France)

Author: Christel Renaud-Gentié, Frédérique Jourjon, Marie Thiollet-Scholtus, Sandra Beauchet, Marguerite Renouf, Anthony Rouault, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), SAF, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and University of Queensland [Brisbane]
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, vineyard, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, life cycle assessment, Environmental protection, fungicide, Technical management, Environmental impact assessment, viticulture practice, wine, Life-cycle assessment, pesticide, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Phytosanitary certification, 2. Zero hunger, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, climate change, 13. Climate action, environmental assessment, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Viticulture, Control methods
Abstract: International audience; Purpose : Improving the environmental performances of viticulture practices is particularly complicated during unfavorable climatic conditions because of the need for fungal and other pest pressure and the variability of phytosanitary control methods available for winegrowers. However, winegrowers wish to improve the environmental performances of their practices regardless of climatic conditions. The objective of the study was to quantify the variability in environmental impacts due to climatic variations, and changes in viticulture practices induced by climatic variability. Methods : Life cycle assessment was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of viticulture technical management routes (TMR) implemented on five plots in the Loire Valley for the Chenin Blanc grape variety. These TMRs are representative of the range of practices used in the region, including intensive conventional practices to moderate organic practices. The study covered two different years of production (2011 and 2013) under contrasting climatic conditions. The first year (2011) was hot and dry, which are favorable conditions for viticulture, while the second year (2013) was cold and humid, which are unfavorable conditions. Results and discussion : During the unfavorable year, the number of phytosanitary treatments and soil maintenance interventions increased for most of the studied TMRs. This meant that the inter-annual variability in environmental impact was significant, depending on the type of TMR, with differences in impacts ranging from 19% to more than 40% between 2011 and 2013. Managing environmental impacts was found to be more difficult for the organic systems when climatic conditions are unfavorable (in 2013). The non-organic TMRs showed less variation in environmental impacts than the organic TMRs between the 2 years studied. Conclusions : This study shows the importance of taking into account inter-annual variability in environmental assessments of viticulture systems. Indeed, winegrowers do not respond the same way to climate variability mainly with regard to plant protection and soil maintenance. Viticulture is very sensitive to inter-annual climate variations due to the parasitic pressure variability. The different production systems do not give to winegrowers the same possibilities for adapting practices to limit their impact on the environment.
Published: 2019
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3. Addressing organic viticulture environmental burdens by better understanding interannual impact variations

Author: Marie Thiollet-Scholtus, Anne Merot, Valentin Dieu, Christel Renaud-Gentié, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), INRA (Vibrato project), and Casdar (Qualenvic project)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Range (biology), Chronosequence, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, vineyard, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Environmental protection, varability, climate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, cradle-to-farm gate LCA, business.industry, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, copper, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Viticulture, Eutrophication, Energy source, business, fuel, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Consumer demand and state incentives in certain EU countries are driving the rapid development of organic viticulture. However, compared with conventional viticulture, it has shown higher interannual variability in its environmental impacts. Improved understanding of this variability would help organic winegrowers better address their environmental impacts.This two-part study examined interannual variability of environmental impacts of four vineyards with contrasting pedoclimatic and technical production conditions. First, life cycle assessments were performed on each of these four vineyards for two contrasted years in terms of both climate and pest and disease pressure. Next, for one of these vineyards located in Mediterranean conditions, life cycle assessments were completed on a chronosequence of six consecutive years. Life cycle assessments of organic wine grapes were calculated based on detailed inventories of data from the eight real vineyard situations. Interannual variations were considered to be the deviation between the impact results of two production years. In all the vineyards, diesel combustion was the main impact contributor. For the four vineyards, the impacts that varied most were generally freshwater ecotoxicity, soil ecotoxicity, marine eutrophication, freshwater eutrophication and metal depletion. The intensity/range of interannual variations differed between plots. The main agricultural operations contributing to impact variations were from disease management of climate-related disease pressures. The 6-year chronosequence analysis showed that certain years were very similar in terms of impact results. The impact that varied most was surprisingly terrestrial acidification. The chronosequence analysis brought to light that the choice of active ingredient could be a greater source of impact variations than interannual climatic conditions and disease pressure. This study provides an overview of the hotspots and variability of organic viticulture environmental impacts in contrasted climate years and a climatic chronosequence. The main pathways for environmental performance improvements are (i) reducing fuel consumption by either limiting the number of operations, using more fuel-efficient machines or different energy sources or/and adjusting tractor speed; (ii) reducing the doses and emissions of copper products and choosing the less impacting types of copper; and (iii) limiting nitrogen and heavy metal emissions through the choice of fertiliser type and management.
Published: 2019
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4. Long-term maintenance of grasslands on dairy farms is associated with redesign and hybridisation of practices, motivated by farmers' perceptions

Author: Sébastien Couvreur, Gilles Martel, Françoise Vertès, T. Petit, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Université Bretagne Loire (COMUE) (UBL), SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pathway typology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Fodder, Animal welfare, Dairy farming, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Agroforestry, Long term maintenance, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Livestock farming systems, 15. Life on land, Agriculture, Scale (social sciences), Grasslands, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, Livestock, Longitudinal study, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: Despite a constant decline in grassland areas between the 1970s and 2010 at the regional and national scale in France, in particular on lowlands, grasslands have been maintained locally. This raises questions about long-term changes on the farms involved in these dynamics, particularly with regard to the relation between the evolution of the role of grasslands in production processes, and farmers' perceptions of fodder systems within production systems. Our research concerned three peri-urban cantons in Brittany, where we examined grassland practices over the long term and farmers' perceptions of grasslands in a sample of 15 farms within the area where grasslands were maintained. First, we modelled pathways of the place and roles of grasslands on farms, based on criteria of quantitative presence, management, and valorisation. Second, we characterised the farmers' perceptions of grasslands and the fodder system. We then performed combined analysis of these pathways and perceptions. The maintenance of grasslands was found in a diversity of pathways in which grasslands were used to a medium and large extent in the fodder systems. These changes occurred either through a complete redesign of the fodder system or through hybridisation of practices aimed at obtaining dairy systems that were more intensive yet more agri-ecological. The pathways that gave a new place to grasslands in the fodder system were related to farmers' perceptions marked by a fading opposition between grasslands and maize farming. They attributed additional value – in terms of animal welfare, economics, or agronomy – to grasslands in a mixed maize/grassland fodder system.
Published: 2019
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5. Relationships among electrolyzed water postharvest treatments on winegrapes and chloroanisoles occurrence in wine

Author: Luca Giorgio Carlo Rolle, Davide Ricauda Aimonino, Ana Maria Moar Grobas, Vincenzo Gerbi, Chantal Maury, Susana Río Segade, Simone Giacosa, Mario Gabrielli, Fabrizio Torchio, Univ Torino, Dipartimento Sci Agr Forestali & Alimentari, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy, Partenaires INRAE, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore = Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Roma] (Unicatt), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), French Region Pays de la Loire, Angers Loire Metropole, European Project: 265435,EC:FP7:REGIONS,FP7-REGIONS-2010-1,AMI-4EUROPE(2010), Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Roma] (Unicatt), and Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO)
Subjects: Food industry, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Food Handling, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Flavour, Wine, grapes, electrolyzed water, cork taint, chloroanisoles, postharvest treatments, storage conditions, chemistry.chemical_compound, Vitis, Food science, Winemaking, 0303 health sciences, Postharvest treatments, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Electrolyzed water, Temperature, food and beverages, Taste Perception, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040401 food science, Sensory Thresholds, Taste, Sunlight, Cork taint, Chloroanisoles, Chlorine, Chlorophenols, Storage conditions, Grapes, chemistry.chemical_element, Food Contamination, Anisoles, Postharvest treatrnents, Electrolysis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Chlorophenol, business.industry, Water, Settore AGR/15 - SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE ALIMENTARI, chemistry, Food Storage, Fermentation, Postharvest, Food Microbiology, Perception, business, Food Analysis, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Electrolyzed water (EW) has attracted much recent attention as a high-performance, new technology for its potential use in the food industry. However, the risk of postharvest EW treatments of winegrapes destined for winemaking is the chloroanisoles formation in the final product. In the present study, we investigated the impact of postharvest grape EW and storage treatments on the occurrence of these compounds in wine, 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) being the main compound responsible for the cork taint off-flavor due to its extremely low perception threshold. The results revealed that the presence of TCA in the wines depended on the concentration of residual free chlorine in the must from the EW treatment. Particularly, TCA was not detected in wine when active chlorine concentrations higher than 0.005 mg/L were present in the must. Chloroanisole and chlorophenol levels in wine were strongly affected not only by EW but also by grape storage conditions (temperature, time, sunlight exposition). The results showed that the 24-hours grape storage at a controlled temperature of 20 degrees C in the dark, after EW treatment, resulted in the highest TCA concentrations in wines (7.3 +/- 2.7 ng/L), while storage and withering in sunlight seemed to mitigate its presence in wine. This could suggest that microbiological formation of chloroanisoles may have been influenced by the storage temperature and germicidal effect of UV light. Biochemical mechanism of chloroanisoles production in grapes and wine is unknown, but the combination of residual free chlorine on the grape surface and the controlled storage conditions in the dark may have positively influenced the bio-formation of chloroanisoles and therefore their presence in wine.
Published: 2019
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6. Supporting crop diversification within or outside the dominant agro-food regime: different barriers for different strategies

Author: Morel, Kévin, REVOYRON, EVA, San Cristobal, Magali, Baret, Philippe, Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Légumineuses, Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agroécologie (LEVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, USC LEVA - Unité de Recherche Légumineuses, Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agroécologie, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)
Subjects: agroecology, sustainable agriculture, systèmes alimentaires, agriculture durable, transition, innovation, socio-technical lock-in, supply chains, agroécologie, verrouillage socio-technique, chaînes d'approvisionnement, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Adoption of crop diversification is a pillar of agroecological transition (Poux and Aubert, 2018) but faces many barriers, which emerged historically along the specialisation trend of modernisation. These barriers occur at different levels of the agri-food system, reinforce each other and create a situation of socio-technical lock-in (Meynard et al., 2018). They have been described mainly by studies focusing on conventional agriculture, rather oriented to commodity markets and involving temporal diversification (integration of a new crop in the rotation). However, diversification initiatives can involve a wider range of strategies and contexts. Our objective was to investigate whether the presence and conjunction of barriers could be specifically related to some diversification strategies. Developing such understanding would contribute to fine-tune research, innovation and political action in line with the type of crop diversification promoted.
Published: 2019

7. A trait-based approach to understand and predict the performance of arable annual mixed crops

Author: Mahmoud, Rémi, Gaudio, Noemie, Casadebaig, Pierre, Gendre, Xavier, Bedoussac, Laurent, Hellou, Guenaelle, Fort, Florian, Journet, Etienne-Pascal, Litrico, Isabelle, Naudin, Christophe, Violle, Cyrille, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Légumineuses, Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agroécologie (LEVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: National audience; One of the challenges in low-input annual arable mixed crops (i.e. species and variety mixtures) is to determine which species / varieties go well together to improve overall system performance. Theories coming from community ecology suggest that two ecological processes are particularly involved in mixed crops performance by improving resource use efficiency [1]. Niche complementarity can be quantified by the distance between target functional traits between two plants. Phenotypic plasticity can be quantified by the variance of target functional traits between cropping environments (including crop management). We aim to apply this ecological theory in an agronomical context by calculating these complementarity and plasticity metrics to predict crop yield of various mixed crops in different environments. A plant trait database on wheat and pea mixtures was built, gathering ten experiments with various management practices over six years, localized in two French sites (Angers, Toulouse). Plant traits were measured dynamically (crop height, aerial biomass, nitrogen content) to quantify crop growth and development over key phenological stages and at harvest (yield, grain quality) to quantify crop performance. Together with environmental (climate and soil) indicators we considered both trait by trait and multi-traits methods to analyze performance variability.
Published: 2018

8. Addressing organic viticulture environmental burdens by better understanding causes of inter-annual impacts variations

Author: Renaud-Gentié, Christel, Dieu, Valentin, Thiollet-Scholtus, Marie, Perrin, Aurélie, Julien, Séverine, Beauchet, Sandra, Jourjon, Frédérique, Merot, Anne, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), SAF, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Kasetsart University [Siracha Campus] (KU). THA., and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: cradle-to-farm gate LCA, sustainable agriculture, diesel, variability, copper, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, climate, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Organic viticulture is developing rapidly due to consumers demand and state incentives in some EU countries. Nevertheless, it has shown higher inter-annual variability in its environmental impacts than conventional viticulture. Therefore, the organic winegrowers would benei from a better understanding of this variability in order to better address their environmental impacts. A study was conducted in four contrasted pedoclimatic conditions and two contrasted years in terms of climate and of pest and disease pressure. LCAs of organic wine grape was calculated based on detailed inventories of data from the eight real vineyard situations. Main contributor to impacts was diesel combustion. The inter-annual variation was different between the plots. The impacts that varied the most were teh freshwater and soil eco-toxicities, marine eutrophication, freshwater eutrophication and metal depletion. The main agricultural operations contributing to impact variations were desease management due to climatic conditions variations.
Published: 2018

9. A methodology to guide the conceptualization of a farm system : application to the transition of vineyards to agro-ecological farming

Author: Merot, Anne, Alonso Ugaglia, Adeline, Renaud-Gentié, Christel, Smits, Nathalie, Thiollet-Scholtus, Marie, Wéry, Jacques, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interreg V Rhin Supérieur. Programme VITIFUTUR, and European Society for Agronomy (ESA). INT.
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, vitis vinifera, framework, activity, conceptualization
Abstract: International audience; To assist the analysis, assessment and design of agro-ecological cropping systems a conceptualization at farm level is required. This Farm System (FS) is an integrative scale to assess multicriteria performances of cropping systems and their organization in space. We proposed a methodology to guide the conceptualization of an issue (here related to the agro-ecological transition) into a farm system. The output is a conceptual model aimed at sharing knowledge from various sources, organizing a set of indicators for assessing or implementing a numerical model. We have adapted to the FS the method proposed by Lamanda et al., 2012 on the agrosystem at field scale to guide the conceptualization of an issue into an Agrosystem. The conceptualization is based on structure-function analysis that is to say the relations in time and space between the components of the system (nature and organization), the processes (biophysical, technical, socio-economic) and the performances. The originality of the concept of activity to decompose with parcimony the FS. An activity is defined by a type of agricultural product and the technical , biophysical, financial and labor input used for it. Activities are performedon all fields of the "farm territory" (i.e. all pieces of land, including ecological infrastructures included by the farmer in the farm activities). The final product of the methodology is a conceptual model of the FS for the issue to be addressed. The approach has been tested on case studies of agro-ecological vineyard farms. We showed that the methodology to guide conceptualization was appropriate to identify activities with parsimony and at the crossroad of different disciplines. The conceptual model obtained was used to define and calculate a set of indicators of FS performances. In the case study of a farm in conversion to organic farming, four activities in conventional farming and four in organic farming were identified whereas the vineyard regrouped 19 plots. Each activity was qualified by labor requirements and its cost at different periods of the year. We also tested its relevance for life cycle assessment and economic analysis of grape production. Finally we tested the approach to assess strategic decisions related to production factors during transition towards agro-ecological farming. The conceptual model was used to derive a bioeconomic model of the FS based on linear programming and optimization. The methodology of conceptualization of an issue into a Farm System was developed and tested on vineyards farms which are particulary complex in term of combination of activities and fields. The methodology demonstrated its use for sharing knowledge between different disciplines, integrating various results of a project and implementing numerical model for scenario analysis. It provides an operational way to integrate the biophysical, technical and socio-economic dimensions needed to design and manage the agro-ecological transition of farms.
Published: 2018

10. Animal health management on organic farm: Influence of extension services and animal health professionals

Author: Manoli, Claire, Hellec, Florence, Le Bris, Tiphaine, Ruault, Claire, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Groupe d'Experimentation et de Recherche Developpement et Actions Localisees (GERDAL)
Subjects: alternatives to antibiotic, organic farming, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], veterinarian profession, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, qualitative research, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2018

11. Potentially Modifiable Determinants of Malnutrition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Author: O’keeffe, M., Kelly, M., O’herlihy, E., O’toole, P., Kearney, P., Timmons, S., Stanton, C., Rolland, Y., Sulmont-Rossé, Claire, Maitre, I., Boeing, H., Stelmach, M., Nagel, G., Wolters, M., Hebestreit, A., De GROOT, L., Teh, R., Peyron, Marie-Agnès, Dardevet, Dominique, Papet, Isabelle, Streicher, M., Torbahn, G., Kiesswetter, E., Visser, M., Volkert, D., O’connor, E., Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, University College Cork (UCC), Gérontopôle, Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), Leibniz Association, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), University of Auckland [Auckland], Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), VU University Amsterdam, University of Limerick, University College Cork ( UCC ), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers ( ESA d'Angers ), Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, University of Ulm, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS GmbH, Wageningen University and Research Center ( WUR ), University of Auckland, Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne ( UNH ), Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Auvergne/Rhône-Alpes] ( INRA Auvergne/Rhône-Alpes ), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dartmouth College [Hanover], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), University of Limerick (UL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)
Subjects: personne âgée, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, méthode de prévention, nutritional deficiency, malnutrition, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, senior citizens
Abstract: Part of special issue: Abstracts of the 39th ESPEN CongressPart of special issue:Abstracts of the 39th ESPEN Congress; Potentially Modifiable Determinants of Malnutrition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. 39. ESPEN Congress
Published: 2017
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12. Rapport final projet OPTIFEL - Optimised food products for elderly populations

Author: Renard, Catherine, Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), auto-saisine, Contrat : 311754, Financement : UE FP7, Superviseur : Catherine Renard, Date de signature : 2013-09-01, Partenaires : Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (IRTA), Institut Ogrodnictwka, Medical University of Lodz, University of Leeds, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Aileden Biri (TUR) (TUR), Casa Mas, Centive GmbH, Centre Technique de la Conservation des Produits Agricoles (CTCPA), Christian Potier SA, Quantis, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Fundacio Alicia, Polska Roza, Emporhotel, AIE, Roquette Frères, SEB, HAMK, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), European Project: 311754, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), and Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: personne âgée, alimentation, food intake, senior alimentation, nutrition, risque, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], préférences, texture, senior citizens, emballage
Abstract: WP1Experimental evidences showed the effect of ageing on the capability of elderly in dealing with food, including package opening/handling, sensory discrimination (e.g. differences between autonomous and dependant elderly), biting force etc. Eating capability assessment can be used to choose the food of just-right texture and desired oral processing properties. A set of guidance about food packaging design for elderly and baseline environmental impacts for Optifel systems was established.WP2WP2 produced a software tool for calculating the necessary nutrient composition for the concepts of model products for the given target group (dependent elderlies needing fortified food) upon eating in specified cook-and-serve systems. WP2 also collected the specific needs of the elderlies for nutritional and sensory properties and produced guidelines for the industry. The guidelines give recommendations for nutrients to be fortified and instructions for sensory properties.WP3Food prototypes, based on fruit and vegetables, which met safety and nutritional requirements, food preferences (taste and texture) and constraints for elderly people were prepared using conventional and new technologies. They included soft-solid and liquid concepts enriched with proteins, minerals and vitamins. Industrial scenarios were simulated for production and distribution of the prototypes. A full approach of a week meal was developed under the OPTIFEL TOOL KIT concept.WP4Optifel prototype foods enriched with proteins, vitamins and minerals were characterized for sensory properties, nutritional values, safety, environmental and cost performance. Usage conditions (delivery system, storage, reheating and serving) that maintain protein digestibility, vitamin stability, reduce microbial risk and optimize environmental and cost performance, were identified. New scientific knowledge was obtained on these issues and published.WP5The enriched recipes produced in Optifel project were assessed by autonomous elderly to select the most appreciated one in each product category. Those selected recipes were then tested as part of a full meal (in comparison with non-enriched versions) by elderly living in nursing homes or benefiting from food services. The products were well appreciated and allowed to increase the proportion of elderly reaching a recommended protein intake at lunch.WP6The knowledge produced within the OPTIFEL project was disseminated through an active website (www.optifel.eu), synthetized in guidelines addressing the food and care industries (http://www.optifel.eu/food-for-elderly/guidelines/), and in seminars dedicated to food for seniors, one of them including a culinary demonstration. Further the results were presented in 137 trade fairs, scientific congresses, media (newsletters, interviews, press) and in 27 scientific publications.
Published: 2017

13. Sensory changes with age and impact on appetite and food intake

Author: Maître, Isabelle, Sulmont-Rossé, Claire, ProdInra, Migration, Groupe de Recherche en Agroalimentaire sur les Produits et les Procédés (GRAPPE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Projet ANR Aupalesens
Subjects: taste, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, odor, sensory evaluation, food, odour, gustation, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, elderly, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, senior, older adults, olfaction
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

14. Breeding for intercropping: join applied genetics and agronomy for improved annual legume production

Author: Mikić, Aleksandar, Duc, Gerard, Bedoussac, Laurent, Ćeran, Marina, Corre-Hellou, Guenaelle, De Ron, Antonio M., Đorđević, Vuk, Floriot, M., Jeuffroy, Marie-Hélène, Justes, Eric, Lecomte, Christophe, Mihailović, Vojislav, Mikić, Sanja, Šarūnaitė, Lina, Vasiljević, Sanja, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops [Novi Sad], Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Agri Obtentions (AO), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry
Subjects: annual legumes, breeding, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, intercropping, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Archaeology offers evidence that growing plants together, with annual legumes as usually inevitable component, could be the most ancient cropping system in all primeval agricultural centres. With a ten millennia long tradition, intercropping annual legumes, usually with cereals and for diverse uses, has remained important all over the world until today. There is a phenomenon that brings together legume breeders and agronomists: both are aware that there are differences in the agronomic performance of the mixtures of annual legumes and other field crops if diverse annual legume cultivars are used. Wishing to understand this phenomenon properly and define its economic significance, we are establishing a firm interaction between breeders and agronomists, in order to design such annual legume ideotypes that would have the best agronomic performance when intercropped with diverse plants for either forage or grain or biomass or any other use. Our major hypotheses are that the ideotypes for intercropping are the genotypes being the most competitive in the same environment compartments or taking profit of the complementary compartments. However demanding, this is feasible: the preliminary schemes for forage and grain production, developed mostly at IFVCNS, produced encouraging results in field conditions. Joint efforts of annual legume breeders and agronomists should be beneficial for both scientific community and result in enhancing the legume cultivation and production in general.
Published: 2016

15. Including product multicriteria quality in life cycle assessment, application to grape

Author: Renaud-Gentié, Christel, Coulon-Leroy, Cécile, Siret, René, Beauchet, Sandra, Benoit, Marc, Van Der Werf, Haye, Jourjon, Frédérique, Unité de Recherche GRAPPE, Ecole Supérieure d'Agriculture (Groupe ESA), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Groupe de Recherche en Agroalimentaire sur les Produits et les Procédés (GRAPPE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering. IRL., AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: life cycle assessment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, winegrower, impact, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], wine, environment, practice, protect denomination of origin, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; In the context of protected designation of origin (PDO) wine production, wine organoleptic quality, and hence grape quality is a key target of vineyard management. LCA-based Improvement of Technical Management Routes (TMR) by choice of more environmentally friendly techniques needs to take into account this quality dimension in addition to the yield function usually considered in wine and grape LCAs. The aim of the paper is to present and discuss two proposals for including multi-criteria quality into eco-efficiency assessment of PDO grape production in order to support the choice, design and assessment of vineyard TMRs. We porpose the design of a combined quality index Q relating an observed multi-criteria quality to a atrgeted quality. A set of logical rules of inference (if...then...) was used considering several levels of correspondence of the product to the quality target. From this Index, a Quality Functional Unit (QFU =Q) and a Mass x Quality Functional Unit (MQFU=yield x Q) were defined. For application of Q to grape, a typology of grape quality targets with the different quality criteria and their levels for each grape type was established with expert-oenologists as a basis for Q. We tested the sensitivity of the two indexes to a change of quality target. We implemented the two FUs in LCA calculations on five al viticultural TMRs representing the Middle Loire Valley diversity for production of a same type of wine. The quality index Q was calculated for the five TMRs. The two FUs derived from Q were sensitive to a change of quality target. The LCA results of the five TMRs expressed per MQFU differed from results per QFU and were sensitive to a change of quality target. Results with QFU were close to those obtained with classical FUs (1 kg grapes and 1 ha vines, 1 year) due to minor differences in the value of Q. QFU appeared too restrictive while MQFU allowed accounting for the main function of the system : the production of a given quantity of quality grapes with a target of a given type of wine.
Published: 2016

16. Intercropping cereal and grain legume:10 years of experiments from field to plate

Author: Bedoussac, Laurent, Journet, Etienne-Pascal, Justes, Eric, Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik, Naudin, Christophe, Corre-Hellou, GUENAELLE, Prieur, Loïc, Jensen, Erik Steen, Fustec, Joëlle, Hinsinger, Philippe, Jeuffroy, Marie-Helene, Louarn, Gaëtan, Pelzer, Elise, Magrini, Marie-Benoît, Triboulet, Pierre, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique de Toulouse (ENFA), Roskilde University, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agronomie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: céréale, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, légumineuse à graines, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

17. Agricultural policies and structural change in French dairy farms: a nonstationary Markov model

Author: Ben Arfa, Nejla, Daniel, Karine, Jacquet, Florence, Karantininis, Kostas, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Laboratoire d'Études et de Recherches en Economie (LERECO CEDRAN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Ecology, and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
Subjects: modèle de Markov, structural change, dairy farm, changement structurel, agricultural policy, exploitation laitière, Markov model, politique agricole, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this paper is to gain an under standing into how agricultural policies have affected structural change in the French dairy sector. A nonstationary Markov model is estimated using a Generalized Cross Entropy approach. Results show that while the price of cow’s milk encourages farm growth, direct payments and quota restriction favor small farms. The price signal is a key factor of structural change. As a result, higher milk prices may accelerate the trend toward the further growth of dairy farms. Settlement policy and technical change seem not to slow this trend.; L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre comment les politiques agricoles ont affect´e le changement structurel dans le secteur laitier en France. Un modèle de Markov non stationnaire utilisant l’approche de Cross Entropie Généralise a été estimée. Les résultats montrent qu’alors que le prix du lait encourage l’augmentation de la taille des exploitations, les paiements directs et le quota laitier sont plutôt en faveur des petites exploitations. Le signal prix est un facteur clé du changement structurel. En conséquence, des prix du lait plus élevés pourraient accélérer la tendance vers des exploitations laitières de plus grande taille. Les aides `a l’installation et le changement technique ne semblent pas freiner cette tendance.
Published: 2015
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18. Assessment of a product with the assessment of its quality; case of Chenin grapes inLoire Valleyvine yards

Author: Beauchet, Sandra, Renaud-Gentié, Christel, Thiollet-Scholtus, Marie, Siret, Rene, Jourjon, Frédérique, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

19. Intercropping legume and non-legume, an innovative way to valorize N2 fixation and soil mineral N sources in low inputs cropping systems

Author: Bedoussac, Laurent, Journet, Etienne-Pascal, Hauggaard - Nielsen, Henrik, Naudin, Christophe, Corre-Hellou, Guenaëlle, Prieur, Loïc, Jensen, Erik Steen, Justes, Eric, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique de Toulouse (ENFA), Roskilde University, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4), and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, légumineuse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

20. Intercropping legume and non-legume, an innovative way to valorize N2 fixation and soil mineral sources in low inputs cropping systems

Author: Bedoussac, Laurent, Journet, Etienne-Pascal, Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik, Naudin, Christophe, Corre - Hellou, Guenaelle, Prieur, Loïc, Jensen, Erik Steen, Justes, Eric, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Centre Régional de Recherche et d’Expérimentation en Agriculture Biologique de Midi-Pyrénées (CREAB MP), and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Sciences agricoles, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Agricultural sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Historical and socio-cultural aspects of soil organic matter and soil organic carbon benefit

Author: Christian Feller, Claude Compagnone, Frédéric GOULET, Annie Sigwalt, Académie d'Agriculture de France, Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), S. Banwart, E. Noellemeyer, and E. Milne
Subjects: évaluation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], agroécologie, stockage, fédération de russie, écologie, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, agronomie, séquestration du carbone, système de valeurs, histoire, environnement socioculturel, carbone, france, matière organique du sol, mali
Abstract: International audience; In this chapter, soil organic matter (SOM) benefits will be considered from two different perspectives: (i) the scientific perception of 'SOM benefits' between the 18th century and today; and (ii) how various contemporary religions and societies, including farmers of Western cultures, perceive soil and SOM benefits. Perceptions of the benefits of SOM (or humus) varied greatly in Western culture according to changes in historical scientific theories. Different periods can be considered. In the first part of 19th century, the 'theory of humus' by Thaer, dealing with a large popularity of SOM management for soil humus, was considered as the main nutrient for plants. In 1840, the new 'theory of the mineral nutrition of plants by Liebig demonstrated that humus was not the main source of nutrients for plants, with the consequence that there was no important need to manage organic fertilization: the popularity of humus was largely decreasing. With the emergence of environmental problems due to bad SOM management, the popularity of OM management is newly increasing. The best example is the concept that soil could be a large reservoir for atmospheric carbon sequestration, and this confers special attention to plant residue management. In addition to scientific knowledge or economic considerations, the practices of farmers around the world are also highly dependent on their own culture (religious and cult aspects). To illustrate this point, this chapter gives as examples not only the beliefs of the Buryat (Lake Baikal) and the Dogon people (Mali) but also the opinions of three groups of French farmers towards soil and the benefits of SOM, dealing with completely different attitudes vis-à-vis the adoption of different agricultural alternatives.
Published: 2014

22. The role of models for multicriteria evaluation and multiobjective design of cropping systems for managing weeds

Author: Colbach, Nathalie, ProdInra, Migration, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers). Angers, FRA.
Subjects: agroecology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, model, integrated weed management, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, decision aid, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, cropping system, weed, biodiversity
Published: 2014

23. Aerial imagery for site specific weed management

Author: Louargant, Marine, Vigneau, N., JONES, Gawain, Villette, Sylvain, Gée, Christelle, Dijon (Kevin Oudard), Institut Agro, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, AIRINOV SAS, and Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers). Angers, FRA.
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2014

24. Comparaison des qualités sensorielles de la viande et de la carcasse d’agneaux élevés au pâturage en production biologique ou conventionnelle à deux niveaux de disponibilités en herbe

Author: Prache, Sophie, Ballet, Joel, Meteau, Karine, Guy, Frédéric, Musset, Marie-Angèle, VANNIER, EUGENIE, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Unité Expérimentale des Monts d'Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (UE EASM), European Project: 222623,KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2007-2A,LOWINPUTBREEDS(2009), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, AgroParisTech, UPE, European Union Reference Laboratory for equine diseases (EURL), and Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, alimentation, muscle lumborum, pâturage, qualité, race bovine limousine, système de production, agneau, organic farming, lamb, meat, herbage availability, qualité de la viande, abattage d'animaux, Agricultural sciences, muscle longissimus, agriculture biologique, élevage conventionnel, Alimentation et Nutrition, carcasse, Food and Nutrition, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Sciences agricoles, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We compared the sensory qualities of meat and carcasses from pasture-fed lambs reared organically or conventionally (O vs. C) at 2 levels of herbage availability (High H vs. Low L). Mean lamb growth profile was kept similar between the two production systems. The experiment was conducted over 2 years from weaning until slaughter with 12 OH, OL, CH and CL Limousine castrated lambs each year. The O and C treatments differed in the level of on-pasture mineral N fertilisation. The experimental pastures were regrowths; the H and L pastures were rotationnally managed to lead to a mean lamb age at slaughter of 5 and 6 months in the H and L groups respectively. Sensory evaluation indicated that the overall liking of loin chops was lower in the O than in the C treatment. Redness of longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle after 2h blooming was higher in the L than in the H treatment, sheding some light on the potential effect of the intensification of organic farming via an increase in stocking rate, Nous avons comparé les qualités sensorielles des carcasses et des viandes d’agneaux engraissés au pâturage en élevage biologique ou conventionnel (O vs. C) à deux niveaux de disponibilités en herbe (Haut H vs. Bas L). Le profil de croissance a été maintenu similaire entre les deux systèmes de production. L’expérimentation a été conduite pendant deux années avec 12 agneaux mâles castrés de race Limousine dans chaque groupe OH, OL, CH et CL chaque année. Les traitements O et C différaient par le niveau de fertilisation azotée minérale épandu sur les par celles. Les parcelles expérimentales étaient des repousses après fauche et elles étaient conduites en pâturage tournant pour conduire à un âge moyen des agneaux à l’abattage de 5 et 6 mois dans les lots H et L respectivement. Les côtelettes O ont été moins appréciées que les côtelettes C. L’indice de rouge du muscle longissimus thoracis et lumborum après 2h d’exposition à l’air a été plus élevé chez les agneaux L que chez les agneaux H, indiquant les effets possibles d’une intensification de l’élevage biologique à travers une augmentation du chargement
Published: 2013

25. Contribution of legumes to the soil N pool

Author: Fustec, Joëlle, MALAGOLI, Philippe, Mahieu, Stéphanie, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), and European Geosciences Union (EGU). AUT.
Subjects: [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Legumes, soil
Abstract: International audience; Grain legumes can be used for nitrogen acquisition in different ways in sustainable agriculture (Fustec et al., 2009). They are seen as a tool to reduce mineral N fertilizers in cropping systems. However, estimates of biological N fixation, N balance and N benefit either for the following crop or in mixed crops, remain unclear. The contribution of legumes to the soil N pool is difficult to measure, especially N rhizodeposition, since it is a critical point for assessing N benefits for other crops and for soil biological activity, and for reducing water pollution (Mayer et al., 2003). We adapted and refined the cotton-wick 15N stem labeling method for measuring the amount of soil N derived from rhizodeposition by field peas (Mahieu et al., 2007, 2009). The method was tested in different conditions in the field and in the greenhouse with various pea varieties and isolines. In addition, we used the cotton-wick method for assessing N transfers from pea to neighbouring durum wheat. In the greenhouse, a positive relationship was found between the amount of N rhizodeposits and the legume N content. N rhizodeposition was about 15% of the plant N and 30% in the field. In field pea / durum wheat intercrops, plant-plant N transfers were quantified and found to be bidirectional. Such results should be taken into account when estimating N benefits from biological N fixation by a grain legume crop and for the prediction of N economies in legume-based cropping systems. More studies dealing with rhizodeposit compounds and soil biological activity would now be necessary.
Published: 2010

26. Modulating polyphenol composition and sensorial properties of apple juice by manipulating pressing conditions

Author: Carine Le Bourvellec, Sylvain Guyot, Jean-Michel Le Quéré, Remi Bauduin, Ronan Symoneaux, Catherine Renard, Alain Baron, ProdInra, Migration, Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station de Recherches Cidricoles et Biotransformation des Fruits et Légumes (SRC - BFL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Insitut Français des Productions Cidricoles (IFPC), and Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], SENSORIAL PROPERTY, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MASH OXIDATION, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, POLYPHENOL, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, CIDER BITTERNESS, APPLE JUICE, [SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ASTRINGENCY
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2008

27. Effect of high ambient temperature on feed digestibility in broilers

Author: Bernard Carré, S Bonnet, S Guillaumin, PA Geraert, M Lessire, Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers), Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: Male, ALIMENTATION DES ANIMAUX, Nitrogen balance, Hot Temperature, Nitrogen, 040301 veterinary sciences, Animal feed, Weight Gain, Zea mays, 0403 veterinary science, Eating, Animal science, medicine, Animals, Dry matter, [SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Amen, Triticum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Minerals, Animal fat, Meal, Chemistry, Body Weight, 0402 animal and dairy science, Starch, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Lipid Metabolism, Animal Feed, Dietary Fats, 040201 dairy & animal science, Diet, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Digestion, Animal Science and Zoology, Dietary Proteins, Seasons, Soybeans, medicine.symptom, Energy Metabolism, Chickens, Weight gain
Abstract: The effect of chronic heat exposure on feed digestibility of broilers was investigated. Eighty 4-wk-old male chickens were brooded in individual battery cages in two controlled-environment rooms at a constant ambient temperature (22 or 32 C) until 6 wk of age. They were equally distributed into three treatments: 22 C, ad libitum feed consumption (22AL); 32 C, ad libitum feed consumption (32AL), and 22 C, pair-feeding on the daily feed intake of heat-exposed chickens (22PF). Broilers were fed either a standard corn-soybean meal diet (control diet) or a practical seasonal diet containing several ingredients including wheat, spring pea, and animal fat (summer diet). Digestibility of energy, dry matter, protein, fat, starch, and nitrogen, and total mineral balances were measured between 38 and 42 d of age. Apparent metabolizable energy content of summer diet was significantly decreased in 32AL compared to 22AL, whereas AME of the control diet did not change. Nitrogen retention was significantly reduced in 32AL birds compared to 22AL and 22PF birds, irrespective of the diet. Taking into account these differences in nitrogen balance, AMEn was reduced under hot exposure: -72 and -155 kcal for control and summer diets respectively, in 32AL compared to 22PF chickens. This reduction could be explained by a significant decrease of nutrient digestibility:protein: -4.2 percentage units irrespective of the diet, fat: -1.7 and -5.2 percentage units for control and summer diets respectively, and starch: -4.2 percentage units for summer diet. It thus appears worthwhile to take into account such reduction in digestibility to formulate practical diets for brooding under hot conditions. High quality oil and protein sources should also be used instead of low quality feedstuffs, like animal sources, in such conditions.
Published: 1997

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27 results on '"Ecole Supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA d'Angers)"'

1. Potentially modifiable determinants of malnutrition in older adults:A systematic review

2. Inter-annual variability in the environmental performance of viticulture technical management routes—a case study in the Middle Loire Valley (France)

3. Addressing organic viticulture environmental burdens by better understanding interannual impact variations

4. Long-term maintenance of grasslands on dairy farms is associated with redesign and hybridisation of practices, motivated by farmers' perceptions

5. Relationships among electrolyzed water postharvest treatments on winegrapes and chloroanisoles occurrence in wine

6. Supporting crop diversification within or outside the dominant agro-food regime: different barriers for different strategies

7. A trait-based approach to understand and predict the performance of arable annual mixed crops

8. Addressing organic viticulture environmental burdens by better understanding causes of inter-annual impacts variations

9. A methodology to guide the conceptualization of a farm system : application to the transition of vineyards to agro-ecological farming

10. Animal health management on organic farm: Influence of extension services and animal health professionals

11. Potentially Modifiable Determinants of Malnutrition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

12. Rapport final projet OPTIFEL - Optimised food products for elderly populations

13. Sensory changes with age and impact on appetite and food intake

14. Breeding for intercropping: join applied genetics and agronomy for improved annual legume production

15. Including product multicriteria quality in life cycle assessment, application to grape

16. Intercropping cereal and grain legume:10 years of experiments from field to plate

17. Agricultural policies and structural change in French dairy farms: a nonstationary Markov model

18. Assessment of a product with the assessment of its quality; case of Chenin grapes inLoire Valleyvine yards

19. Intercropping legume and non-legume, an innovative way to valorize N2 fixation and soil mineral N sources in low inputs cropping systems

20. Intercropping legume and non-legume, an innovative way to valorize N2 fixation and soil mineral sources in low inputs cropping systems

21. Historical and socio-cultural aspects of soil organic matter and soil organic carbon benefit

22. The role of models for multicriteria evaluation and multiobjective design of cropping systems for managing weeds

23. Aerial imagery for site specific weed management

24. Comparaison des qualités sensorielles de la viande et de la carcasse d’agneaux élevés au pâturage en production biologique ou conventionnelle à deux niveaux de disponibilités en herbe

25. Contribution of legumes to the soil N pool

26. Modulating polyphenol composition and sensorial properties of apple juice by manipulating pressing conditions

27. Effect of high ambient temperature on feed digestibility in broilers

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