Descriptor: "Developing countrie" / Language: english - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

34 results on '"Developing countrie"'

1. Exploring the relationship between life quality and the perceptions of living-environment crises

Author: Xiaoyun Li, Hongsheng Chen, and Zhenjun Zhu
Subjects: Life quality, Socioeconomic status, Crisis perception, Economic development, Developing countrie, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Two common consequences of rapid economic development in developing countries are the improvement of residents’ quality of life but also environmental destruction. This study focuses on the relationship between residents’ perceptions on the life quality and their perception of environmental crises in China. The purpose of this study is to answer why people in developing countries have relatively high tolerance for environmental pollution caused by rapid economic development. Methods Using ordered logistic regression models and the multi-level mixed effect ordinal regression model, and the data of the 2014 China Labour-force Dynamics Survey, 10,849 responses were analysed to evaluate public perceptions of living-environment crises. Specifically, perceptions relating to the following four living-environment crises were evaluated: (1) (un)employment; (2) public safety; (3) infectious disease; (4) pollution. Results We found that respondents with higher levels of subjective well-being, social status, and sense of neighbourhood security expressed a lower level of concern for living-environment crises. The concern of urban residents was also significantly higher than that of rural residents for living-environment crisis. For rural respondents, neighbourhood population density was negatively correlated with the perception of employment, public safety, and infectious disease crises. For urban respondents, neighbourhood population density was positively correlated to the perception of public safety and pollution crises, and neighbourhood average income was positively correlated to the perception of infectious disease and pollution risks. Conclusions Rapid economic development has greatly improved people’s well-being, but it has also produced many environmental pollution problems. To a certain extent, the improvement of the well-being will alleviate people’s worries about environmental pollution caused by the development of economy.
Published: 2021
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2. Exploring the relationship between life quality and the perceptions of living-environment crises

Author: Li, Xiaoyun, Chen, Hongsheng, and Zhu, Zhenjun
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Exploring the relationship between life quality and the perceptions of living-environment crises

Author: Zhenjun Zhu, Hongsheng Chen, and Xiaoyun Li
Subjects: China, medicine.medical_specialty, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Economic development, Developing country, Environmental pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Quality of life (healthcare), Life quality, Residence Characteristics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Developing countrie, Humans, Medicine, Socioeconomics, Socioeconomic status, Neighbourhood (mathematics), Crisis perception, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Research, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Quality of Life, Perception, Ordered logit, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, business, Social status
Abstract: Background Two common consequences of rapid economic development in developing countries are the improvement of residents’ quality of life but also environmental destruction. This study focuses on the relationship between residents’ perceptions on the life quality and their perception of environmental crises in China. The purpose of this study is to answer why people in developing countries have relatively high tolerance for environmental pollution caused by rapid economic development. Methods Using ordered logistic regression models and the multi-level mixed effect ordinal regression model, and the data of the 2014 China Labour-force Dynamics Survey, 10,849 responses were analysed to evaluate public perceptions of living-environment crises. Specifically, perceptions relating to the following four living-environment crises were evaluated: (1) (un)employment; (2) public safety; (3) infectious disease; (4) pollution. Results We found that respondents with higher levels of subjective well-being, social status, and sense of neighbourhood security expressed a lower level of concern for living-environment crises. The concern of urban residents was also significantly higher than that of rural residents for living-environment crisis. For rural respondents, neighbourhood population density was negatively correlated with the perception of employment, public safety, and infectious disease crises. For urban respondents, neighbourhood population density was positively correlated to the perception of public safety and pollution crises, and neighbourhood average income was positively correlated to the perception of infectious disease and pollution risks. Conclusions Rapid economic development has greatly improved people’s well-being, but it has also produced many environmental pollution problems. To a certain extent, the improvement of the well-being will alleviate people’s worries about environmental pollution caused by the development of economy.
Published: 2021

4. Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000-2018

Author: Bhattacharjee, NV, Schaeffer, LE, Hay, SI, Lu, D, Schipp, MF, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Donkers, KM, Abady, GG, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abebo, ZH, Abejie, AN, Abosetugn, AE, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Adamu, AL, Adedeji, IA, Adegbosin, AE, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Agudelo-Botero, M, Aji, B, Akinyemi, OO, Alamneh, AA, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Albright, J, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemu, BW, Alhassan, RK, Ali, BA, Ali, S, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Anbesu, EW, Ancuceanu, R, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Antonio, CAT, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arora, A, Artanti, KD, Asemahagn, MA, Asmare, WN, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Awoke, N, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayanore, MA, Aynalem, YA, Ayza, MA, Azene, ZN, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Bärnighausen, TW, Basaleem, H, Bayati, M, Baye, BA, Bedi, N, Belay, SA, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Birhan, TA, Birihane, BM, Bitew, ZW, Bohlouli, S, Bohluli, M, Bojia, HA, Boloor, A, Brady, OJ, Bragazzi, NL, Brunoni, AR, Budhathoki, SS, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, Cárdenas, R, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castro, F, Cernigliaro, A, Charan, J, Chatterjee, P, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Chowdhury, MAK, Chu, D-T, Collison, ML, Cook, AJ, Cork, MA, Couto, RAS, Dagnew, B, Dai, H, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, AM, Darwish, AH, Daryani, A, Das, JK, Gupta, RD, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davis, AC, Weaver, ND, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Deribe, K, Desalew, A, Deshpande, A, Dessie, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, GP, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Dipeolu, IO, Doan, LP, Duko, B, Duraes, AR, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Earl, L, Zaki, MES, Tantawi, ME, Elema, TB, Elhabashy, HR, El-Jaafary, SI, Faris, PS, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, VL, Feleke, BE, Ferede, TY, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Franklin, RC, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Gardner, WM, Geberemariyam, BS, Gebregiorgis, BG, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremichael, B, Ghaffarpasand, F, Gilani, SA, Ginindza, TG, Glagn, M, Golechha, M, Gonfa, KB, Goulart, BNG, Gudi, N, Guido, D, Guled, RA, Guo, Y, Hamidi, S, Handiso, DW, Hasaballah, AI, Hassan, A, Hayat, K, Hegazy, MI, Heidari, B, Henry, NJ, Herteliu, C, de, Hidru, HD, Ho, HC, Hoang, CL, Holla, R, Hon, J, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Hu, G, Huda, TM, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, MM, Iwu, CCD, Iwu, CJ, Jain, A, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, John-Akinola, YO, Johnson, KB, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Kabir, A, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, OT, Kapoor, N, Matin, BK, Karimi, SE, Kasaye, HK, Kassahun, G, Kassebaum, NJ, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Keiyoro, PN, Kelkay, B, Khalid, N, Khan, MN, Khatab, K, Khater, AM, Khater, MM, Khatib, MN, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinyoki, DK, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kosen, S, Krishan, K, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kumar, P, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Vecchia, CL, Lad, SD, Lami, FH, Landires, I, Lansingh, VC, Lasrado, S, Lee, PH, LeGrand, KE, Letourneau, ID, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, M-C, Li, S, Liu, X, Lodha, R, Lopez, JCF, Louie, C, Machado, DB, Maled, V, Maleki, S, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mapoma, CC, Marczak, LB, Martins-Melo, FR, Mehndiratta, MM, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Mekonnen, TC, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Mersha, AM, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, EM, Misra, S, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, DK, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, JA, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Montero-Zamora, PA, Moradi, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosser, JF, Mousavi, SM, Khaneghah, AM, Munro, SB, Muriithi, MK, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Nagarajan, AJ, Naik, G, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Nascimento, BR, Nayak, VC, Ndejjo, R, Ndwandwe, DE, Negoi, I, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, DN, Nguyen, HLT, Nigussie, SN, Nigussie, TTN, Nikbakhsh, R, Nnaji, CA, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Oghenetega, OB, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Omer, MO, Onwujekwe, OE, Ortega-Altamirano, DV, Osgood-Zimmerman, AE, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Pangaribuan, HU, Parsekar, SS, Pasupula, DK, Patel, UK, Pathak, A, Pathak, M, Pattanshetty, SM, Patton, GC, Paulos, K, Pepito, VCF, Pickering, BV, Pinheiro, M, Piwoz, EG, Pokhrel, KN, Pourjafar, H, Prada, SI, Pribadi, DRA, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rahim, F, Rahimzadeh, S, Rahman, A, Rahman, MHU, Rahmani, AM, Rai, RK, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Rawat, R, Regassa, LD, Rego, MAS, Reiner, RC, Reshmi, B, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, AI, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Rumisha, SF, Rwegerera, GM, Sagar, R, Sajadi, SM, Salem, MR, Samy, AM, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Saraswathy, SYI, Sarker, AR, Sartorius, B, Sathian, B, Saxena, D, Sbarra, AN, Sengupta, D, Senthilkumaran, S, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shalash, AS, Shannawaz, M, Sheikh, A, Shetty, BSK, Shetty, RS, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, WS, Shin, JI, Silva, DAS, Singh, NP, Singh, P, Singh, S, Sintayehu, Y, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Sorrie, MB, Spurlock, EE, Steuben, KM, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, MB, Swartz, SJ, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tapak, L, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Tesema, GA, Tesfay, FH, Teshome, A, Tessema, ZT, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Traini, E, Tran, BX, Truong, PN, Tsegaye, BTBT, Ullah, I, Umeokonkwo, CD, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Uzochukwu, BSC, VanderHeide, JD, Violante, FS, Vo, B, Wado, YD, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, F, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wiens, KE, Wiysonge, CS, Woyczynski, L, Wu, A-M, Wu, C, Yamada, T, Yaya, S, Yeshaneh, A, Yeshaw, Y, Yeshitila, YG, Yilma, MT, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yosef, T, Younis, MZ, Yousuf, AY, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zafar, S, Zaidi, SS, Zaki, L, Zakzuk, J, Zamanian, M, Zar, HJ, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zelellw, DA, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, X-JG, Zodpey, S, Zuniga, YMH, Local Burden of Disease Exclusive Breastfeeding Collaborators, Bhattacharjee, Natalia V, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Hay, Simon I, Duko, Bereket, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Local Burden of Disease Exclusive Breastfeeding Collaborators, Bhattacharjee N.V., Schaeffer L.E., Hay S.I., Lu D., Schipp M.F., Lazzar-Atwood A., Donkers K.M., Abady G.G., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abebo Z.H., Abejie A.N., Abosetugn A.E., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A.I., Adamu A.L., Adedeji I.A., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Agudelo-Botero M., Aji B., Akinyemi O.O., Alamneh A.A., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Albright J., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemu B.W., Alhassan R.K., Ali B.A., Ali S., Alinia C., Alipour V., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Anbesu E.W., Ancuceanu R., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Antonio C.A.T., Anvari D., Arabloo J., Arora A., Artanti K.D., Asemahagn M.A., Asmare W.N., Atout M.M.W., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Quintanilla B.P.A., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Ayza M.A., Azene Z.N., Darshan B.B., Badiye A.D., Baig A.A., Bakkannavar S.M., Banach M., Banik P.C., Barnighausen T.W., Basaleem H., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bedi N., Belay S.A., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Birhan T.A., Birihane B.M., Bitew Z.W., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Bojia H.A., Boloor A., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Brunoni A.R., Budhathoki S.S., Nagaraja S.B., Butt Z.A., Cardenas R., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castro F., Cernigliaro A., Charan J., Chatterjee P., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chowdhury M.A.K., Chu D.-T., Collison M.L., Cook A.J., Cork M.A., Couto R.A.S., Dagnew B., Dai H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Darwesh A.M., Darwish A.H., Daryani A., Das J.K., Gupta R.D., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davis A.C., Weaver N.D., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Deshpande A., Dessie A., Deuba K., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Diaz D., Didarloo A., Dipeolu I.O., Doan L.P., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Earl L., Zaki M.E.S., Tantawi M.E., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., Faris P.S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Feigin V.L., Feleke B.E., Ferede T.Y., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Franklin R.C., Gad M.M., Gaidhane S., Gardner W.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B.G., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremichael B., Ghaffarpasand F., Gilani S.A., Ginindza T.G., Glagn M., Golechha M., Gonfa K.B., Goulart B.N.G., Gudi N., Guido D., Guled R.A., Guo Y., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Hasaballah A.I., Hassan A., Hayat K., Hegazy M.I., Heidari B., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., de Hidru H.D., Ho H.C., Hoang C.L., Holla R., Hon J., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hsairi M., Hu G., Huda T.M., Hwang B.-F., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam M.M., Iwu C.C.D., Iwu C.J., Jain A., Janodia M.D., Javaheri T., John-Akinola Y.O., Johnson K.B., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamyari N., Kanchan O.T., Kapoor N., Matin B.K., Karimi S.E., Kasaye H.K., Kassahun G., Kassebaum N.J., Kayode G.A., Karyani A.K., Keiyoro P.N., Kelkay B., Khalid N., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khatib M.N., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinyoki D.K., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kosen S., Krishan K., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kumar P., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Vecchia C.L., Lad S.D., Lami F.H., Landires I., Lansingh V.C., Lasrado S., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Letourneau I.D., Lewycka S., Li B., Li M.-C., Li S., Liu X., Lodha R., Lopez J.C.F., Louie C., Machado D.B., Maled V., Maleki S., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Mapoma C.C., Marczak L.B., Martins-Melo F.R., Mehndiratta M.M., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Mekonnen T.C., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha E.W., Mersha A.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Misra S., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad D.K., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed J.A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Montero-Zamora P.A., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J.F., Mousavi S.M., Khaneghah A.M., Munro S.B., Muriithi M.K., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nascimento B.R., Nayak V.C., Ndejjo R., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nigussie S.N., Nigussie T.T.N., Nikbakhsh R., Nnaji C.A., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Oghenetega O.B., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Omer M.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Owolabi M.O., Mahesh P.A., Padubidri J.R., Pana A., Pandey A., Pandi-Perumal S.R., Pangaribuan H.U., Parsekar S.S., Pasupula D.K., Patel U.K., Pathak A., Pathak M., Pattanshetty S.M., Patton G.C., Paulos K., Pepito V.C.F., Pickering B.V., Pinheiro M., Piwoz E.G., Pokhrel K.N., Pourjafar H., Prada S.I., Pribadi D.R.A., Syed Z.Q., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rahim F., Rahimzadeh S., Rahman A., Rahman M.H.U., Rahmani A.M., Rai R.K., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Rawat R., Regassa L.D., Rego M.A.S., Reiner R.C., Reshmi B., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Roever L., Rumisha S.F., Rwegerera G.M., Sagar R., Sajadi S.M., Salem M.R., Samy A.M., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarker A.R., Sartorius B., Sathian B., Saxena D., Sbarra A.N., Sengupta D., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shalash A.S., Shannawaz M., Sheikh A., Shetty B.S.K., Shetty R.S., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W.S., Shin J.I., Silva D.A.S., Singh N.P., Singh P., Singh S., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Soheili A., Soltani S., Sorrie M.B., Spurlock E.E., Steuben K.M., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Swartz S.J., Tadesse E.G., Tamiru A.T., Tapak L., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Tesema G.A., Tesfay F.H., Teshome A., Tessema Z.T., Thankappan K.R., Thapar R., Thomas N., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Tran B.X., Truong P.N., Tsegaye B.T.B.T., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Uzochukwu B.S.C., VanderHeide J.D., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wamai R.G., Wang F., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wiens K.E., Wiysonge C.S., Woyczynski L., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yosef T., Younis M.Z., Yousuf A.Y., Yu C., Yu Y., Yuce D., Zafar S., Zaidi S.S., Zaki L., Zakzuk J., Zamanian M., Zar H.J., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zelellw D.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Zhao X.-J.G., Zodpey S., Zuniga Y.M.H., Collaborators, Local Burden of Disease Exclusive Breastfeeding, and Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto
Subjects: RJ101, Psychological intervention, Breastfeeding, Social Sciences, geography, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, Prevalence, Psychology, policy making, 030212 general & internal medicine, Policy Making, humans, media_common, CHILD GROWTH FAILURE, Developing world, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Psychology, Biological, Geography, Psychology, Experimental, Health Status Disparitie, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Breast Feeding, breast feeding, Scale (social sciences), Science & Technology - Other Topics, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, AFRICA, Social Psychology, Inequality, spatial analysis, media_common.quotation_subject, public policy, Population, prevalence, Public policy, Developing country, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Public Policy, Local Burden of Disease Exclusive Breastfeeding Collaborators, Article, Developing Countrie, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Humans, Nutrition disorders, education, Developing Countries, 030304 developmental biology, Spatial Analysis, Science & Technology, Neurosciences, Health Status Disparities, developing countries, health status disparities, Risk factors, Neurosciences & Neurology, Breast feeding
Abstract: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030., Bhattacharjee and Schaeffer et al. map exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in 94 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), finding increased EBF practice and reduced subnational variation across the majority of LMICs from 2000 to 2018. However, only six LMICs will meet WHO’s target of ≥70% EBF by 2030 nationally, and only three will achieve this in all districts.
Published: 2021

5. MAINTENANCE STRATEGY FOR VEHICLE WITH ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM.

Author: Monteiro Tavares, Carla Mericia and Szpytko, Janusz
Subjects: *AUTOMOBILE repair, *ELECTRONIC fuel injection systems in automobiles, *FAILURE mode & effects analysis, *SYSTEM failures, *SYSTEMS engineering, *FAILURE analysis
Abstract: The introduction of new vehicles technology has been projected for advanced technologically places. Their use and operation, is a theme of big concern for developing countries. This work is part of the study for the creation and establishment of a maintenance strategy and policy, which will be acceptable in developing countries. The paper proposes a methodology for the identification of critical components of the electronic fuel injection system with failure mode, effects and criticality analysis tool (FMECA). With the elaboration of this work, was possible to visualize that the maintenance strategy for each component depends strongly on the availability of equipment for the diagnosis (fail detection). As future work, would be important to study the influence of others parameters that influence the maintenance and vehicle operation, as cost, environment, human aspect and vehicle operation. Another useful analyses would be, to analyses the data in a probabilistic interpretation in order to visualize influence of each component failure in the system failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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6. Drivers of fish choice: an exploratory analysis in Mediterranean countries

Author: A. Saidi, G. Sacchi, C. Cavallo, G. Cicia, R. Di Monaco, S. Puleo, T. Del Giudice, Saidi, A., Sacchi, G., Cavallo, C., Cicia, G., Di Monaco, R., Puleo, S., and Del Giudice, T.
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Developing countrie, Fish consumer behaviour, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Mediterranean area, Focus group, Food Science
Abstract: Fish is an important source of healthy proteins and an important economic sector in Mediterranean countries. Despite the wealth of knowledge acquired in Western countries, a gap has been found in studies in developing countries, as in the Mediterranean southern shore. Therefore, we aimed to investigate consumers’ perceptions of finfish attributes, with qualitative tools as focus groups, given the exploratory nature of the research. The focus groups have been held in Italy, Lebanon, Spain, and Tunisia; in each country, one was held in seaside areas and one in inland areas, in order to control for the availability of fish that shapes consumers’ evaluations and expectations. The focus groups have been analysed through content and semantic analyses. Results of the study yielded main themes recurring in the discussions that have been categorized along such dimensions: (1) definition of fish products; (2) context; (3) search attributes; (4) experience attributes; and (5) credence attributes. Among attributes, the ones mostly guiding consumers’ choices seem to be freshness and fish species, which are used as proxies for quality and sensory attributes. Most of the respondents preferred delicate white fish, while some exceptions were found in Tunisian respondents preferring blue fish and they also were the only ones who were not looking for convenient and already cleaned products. Trust also represented a critical element in guiding the decisions of consumers: with a lack of trust, consumers deviate from preferring local products, as noticeable especially in Lebanese respondents’ opinions. Credence attributes such as animal welfare and sustainability received a minor attention from all the respondents.
Published: 2022

7. Gender and vulnerable employment in the developing world: Evidence from global microdata

Author: Maria C. Lo Bue, Tu Thi Ngoc Le, Manuel Santos Silva, Kunal Sen, Lo Bue, Maria C., Thi Ngoc Le, Tu, Santos Silva, Manuel, and Sen, Kunal
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Vulnerable employment, Gender gap, Developing countries, International Income Distribution Database, Sociology and Political Science, Geography, Planning and Development, Developing countrie, Building and Construction, Development
Abstract: This paper investigates gender inequality in vulnerable employment: forms of employment typically featuring high precariousness, inadequate earnings, and lack of decent working conditions. Using a large collection of harmonized household surveys from developing countries, we measure long-term trends, describe geographical patterns, and estimate correlates of gender inequalities in vulnerable employment. Conditional on individual and household characteristics, women are 7 percentage points more likely to be in vulnerable employment than men. The experiences of marriage and parenthood are important drivers of this gender gap. Across countries, the gender gap is smaller in richer countries, with lower fertility rates, and more gender-egalitarian laws, particularly those laws regulating marriage, parenthood, access to assets, and access to entrepreneurship. Since the 1990s, rising levels of female education and rapidly falling fertility have pulled women away from vulnerable employment at a faster rate than men. However, that process is largely exhausted, with current levels of the gender gap in vulnerable employment being almost entirely unexplained by standard labour supply factors.
Published: 2022

8. Agriculture 4.0 as Enabler of Sustainable Agri-Food: A Proposed Taxonomy

Author: Maria Elena Latino, Biagio Nuzzo, Marta Menegoli, Angelo Corallo, Latino, M. E., Corallo, A., Menegoli, M., and Nuzzo, B.
Subjects: Agricultural digitalization, Knowledge management, Process (engineering), Strategy and Management, Business model, agri-food sustainability, Body of knowledge, agriculture 4.0, smart farming, Busine, Sustainable development, Developing countrie, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business.industry, precision farming, Production, Technological evolution, agri-food innovation, Agriculture, Technological innovation, Content analysis, Enabling, Sustainability, Safety, business
Abstract: Global population growth, climate change, and food safety are some of the challenges that the agri-food sector is current facing. Addressing these in a sustainable way requires the adoption of sustainable-oriented innovations capable of developing new knowledge and reshaping production methods and business models. Digitalization and technological evolution in the agri-food sector, culminating within Agriculture 4.0 (A4.0), represent the latest revolution, as testified by the extant body of knowledge. The lack of a systematic model to map the body of knowledge in A4.0 and how it addresses the agri-food sustainability challenges represents the input of our review. We propose a systematic literature review to discover the research routes in A4.0, increasing the understanding of this paradigm as agri-food sustainability enabler. A taxonomy, composed of 566 terms grouped in seven categories representative of the extant research routes, is proposed: the names assumed by agri-food digitalization process, the main aims and issues of A4.0, the features of the agricultural sector, the parameters monitorable and calculable through A4.0, data, and technologies. It emerged that A4.0 absolve the role of enabler in sustainability agri-food providing to the company a set of data and technological sustainable oriented innovations able to solve, according to an interdisciplinary approach, environmental, social, and economic challenges. The findings identify research gaps and theoretical and practical implications for a wide range of stakeholders, such as engineering managers, agri-food companies, researchers, or companies involved in the web content analysis. Limitations and future research route complete the study.
Published: 2021

9. Reliability and Validity of the Trunk Control Measurement Scale Among Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy in Tanzania

Author: Elisa Ravizzotti, Daniele Piscitelli, Giulia Zagnoni, Stefano Vercelli, Leonardo Pellicciari, Mariusz P. Furmanek, Ravizzotti, E, Vercelli, S, Pellicciari, L, Furmanek, M, Zagnoni, G, and Piscitelli, D
Subjects: Trunk control, 030506 rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychometrics, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, psychometric, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Outcome assessment, Tanzania, Cerebral palsy, rehabilitation, 03 medical and health sciences, Disability Evaluation, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Medicine, Humans, Child, outcome assessment, reproducibility, Reliability (statistics), Rehabilitation, biology, developing countrie, business.industry, Cerebral Palsy, Reproducibility of Results, Torso, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Sensory Systems, Scale (social sciences), Female, 0305 other medical science, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) among children with cerebral palsy (CP) who were living in Tanzania. Two physiotherapy trainees, each blinded to the other’s test findings, independently administered the TCMS to 38 children with CP (16 female; M age = 7.2, SD = 4.8 years) twice over sessions separated by a 30-day interval. We assessed internal consistency and intra/inter-rater reliability using Cronbach’s alpha and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), respectively. We examined measurement error through Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC). We assessed construct validity with Spearman's correlation coefficient between the TCMS and both the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS). We found a frank floor effect. Internal consistency (α = 0.945) and reliability indices were excellent for the total scale (ICC for intra-rater reliability = 0.985, inter- reliability = 0.997) and for each sub-scale score. We found low values of SEM (1.7 points) and MDC (4.8 points). Construct validity was supported by moderate and strong correlations between the TCMS and the GMFCS and MACS in this sample. We conclude that the psychometric properties of the TMCS support its clinical and research use for youth with CP in low-income settings.
Published: 2021

10. Virtual water flows and economic water productivity of Italian fair-trade: the case of bananas, cocoa and coffee

Author: Christian Fischer, Federica De leo, Pier Paolo MIGLIETTA, Miglietta, P. P., Fischer, C., and De Leo, F.
Subjects: Italy, Fair-trade, Developing countrie, Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous), International trade, Agrifood, Water footprint, Food Science
Abstract: PurposeIn a globalized economic system, the role of agrifood production is to ensure at the same time both the population's livelihood and environmental resource conservation. The present study aims at expanding the debate on the potentials of the fair-trade in terms of environmental sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThe research presents a methodology divided into three phases: (1) the identification of the water footprint values associated with the production of bananas, cocoa and coffee imported from developing countries to Italy; (2) the calculation of the virtual water volumes used to produce the crops imported from developing countries to Italy through fair-trade; (3) the analysis of the economic water productivity, obtained by the fair-trade premium, for bananas, cocoa and coffee.FindingsThe results of this study identified and measured the amount of virtual water flows and water savings or losses deriving from the fair-trade of bananas, cocoa and coffee. The average virtual water flow related to the fair-trade imports in Italy amounts to 7.27 million m3 for bananas, 22,275 m3 for cocoa and 14,334 m3 for coffee. The research findings also highlight that fair-trade and the related premium ensures at the same time the achievement of social and institutional purposes but also the remuneration of virtual water used within the life cycle of the imported crops.Originality/valuePrevious scientific literature showed that fair-trade premium has commonly been used to finance environmental protection. No study has evaluated the environmental impacts associated with fair-trade, nor the monetary value associated with the natural resources exploited to produce crops to be exported. This empirical paper fills a literature gap in terms of identification, measurement and evaluation of virtual water flows along the supply chain processes of some fair-traded crops, also providing, through the economic water productivity approach, a useful tool for decision-makers.
Published: 2021

11. Sustainable water-energy nexus towards developing countries’ water sector efficiency

Author: Armando Carravetta, Juan Antonio Rodríguez Díaz, Aonghus McNabola, Jorge García Morillo, Helena M. Ramos, Ramos, H. M., Morillo, J. G., Rodriguez Diaz, J. A., Carravetta, A., and Mcnabola, A.
Subjects: Technology, Control and Optimization, Performance indicators, Performance indicator, 020209 energy, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Water supply, 02 engineering and technology, Developing countries, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Developing countrie, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), Hydropower, Water system efficiency, Energy recovery, Water-energy nexus, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, developing countries, performance indicators, Environmental economics, water-energy nexus, RES, water supply system (WSS), energy recovery, water system efficiency, 020801 environmental engineering, Renewable energy, Management system, Sustainability, Water supply system (WSS), business, Nexus (standard), Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Water management and energy recovery can improve a system’s sustainability and efficiency in a cost-effective solution. This research assesses the renewable energy sources used in the water sector, as well as the related water sector performance indicators within Portuguese water management systems. A deep analysis of 432 water entities in Portugal, based on ERSAR data base, was conducted in order to identify factors to be improved regarding the system efficiency. On the other hand, the potential energy recovery developed in the REDAWN project was also used as a reference for the application of micro hydropower (MHP) solutions in the water sector. A water and energy nexus model was then developed to improve the systems efficiency and sustainability. A real case study in Africa, the Nampula water supply system, located in Mozambique, was selected as a promising potential for energy recovery. The application of a pump-as-turbine (PAT) allows the reduction in system costs and environmental impacts while increasing its efficiency. The proposed MHP has a capacity to generate ~23 MWh/year, providing significant savings. The developed economic analysis indicates the project is profitable, with an IRR ~40% depending on the energy selling price. This project can avoid the emission of more than 12 tCO2 to the atmosphere, and it can help to reduce the system’s real losses by more than 10,000 m3/year. Consequently, it creates a total economic benefit of 7604 EUR/year.
Published: 2021

12. Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

Author: Stephen R Knight, Catherine A Shaw, Riinu Pius, Thomas M Drake, Lisa Norman, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Adewale O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Aneel Bhangu, Bruce M Biccard, Peter Brocklehurst, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Kathryn Chu, Anna Dare, Muhammed Elhadi, Cameron J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, Dhruv Ghosh, James Glasbey, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, J.C. Allen Ingabire, T Peter Kingham, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismaïl Lawani, Bettina Lieske, Richard Lilford, Janet Martin, Kenneth A McLean, Rachel Moore, Dion Morton, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Faustin Ntirenganya, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Aya Riad, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana Simões, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Hannah Thomas, Thomas G Weiser, Malcolm West, John Whitaker, Ewen M Harrison, Arben Gjata, Maria Marta Modolo, Sebastian King, Erick Chan, Sayeda Nazmun Nahar, Ade Waterman, Dominique Vervoort, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Bernardo De Azevedo, Ana Gabriela Figueiredo, Manol Sokolov, Venerand Barendegere, Gerald Ekwen, Arnav Agarwal, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Kalisya Luc Malemo, Jacques Bake, Jakov Mihanovic, Kamila Kuncarová, Julius Orhalmi, Hosni Salem, Jyri Teras, Aristotelis Kechagias, Alexis P Arnaud, Judith Lindert, Vasileios Kalles, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo Recinos, Zsolt Baranyai, Basant Kumar, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, Philip Alexander, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, C Pramesh, Radhian Amandito, Christina Fleming, Luca Ansaloni, Gianluca Pellino, Ahmed M. Altibi, Ibrahim Nour, Intisar Hamdun, Ali M. Ghellai, Donatas Venskutonis, Tomas Poskus, Justas Zilinskas, Precious Malemia, Yong Yong Tew, Elaine Borg, Sarah Ellul, fatima Zahraa Wafqui, David W Borowski, Anne Sophie van Dalen, Cameron Wells, Harissou Adamou, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Adewale Adisa, Kjetil Søreide, Sara Al Saqqa, Osaid Alser, Haya Tahboub, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Sebastian Shu Yip, Piotr Major, António Sampaio Soares, Matei Razvan Bratu, Andrey Litvin, Armen Vardanyan, JC Allen Ingabire, Ahmad Gudal, Naif Albati, Jovan Juloski, Miran Rems, Sarah Rayne, Stephanie Van Straten, Yoshan Moodley, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Sujeewa Priyantha Bandara Thalgaspitiya, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Anmar Homeida, Yucel Cengiz, Daniel Clerc, Muhammad Alshaar, Hanen Bouaziz, Yuksel Altinel, Matthew Doe, Maryna Freigofer, Ella Teasdale, Rakan Kabariti, Joshua Michael Clements, Stephen Richard Knight, Ahsan Ashfaq, Ijeoma Azodo, Gabriela Wagner, Ivan Trostchansky, Mayaba Maimbo, David Linyama, Helidon Nina, Amanda Zeko, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Santiago Villalobos, Federico Carballo, Pablo Farina, Sebastian Guckenheimer, Marilla Dickfos, Ankit Ajmera, Chester Chong, Ralph Gourlay, Sikandar Hussaini, Yi Jia Lee, Adeeb Majid, Peter Martin, Rebecca Miles, Owen James Morris, Jamie Phua, William Ridley, Tarunpreet Saluja, Ryan Renxin Tan, Jen Teh, Anna Wells, Bharti Arora, Qaasim Dollie, Debbie Ho, Yanru Ma, Omattage Mahasha Perera, Anthony Truong, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Bryan Lim, Upuli Pahalawatta, Jacqueline Phan, Xiao-Ming Sarah Woon-Shoo-Tong, Andrea Yeoh, Lillian Charman, Andrew Drane, Sharon Laura, Charmaine Chu Wen Lo, Amy Mozes, Rita Poon, Hao Han Tan, Ellen Wall, Prakshi Chopra, Jasmine De Giovanni, Bal Dhital, Brian Draganic, Alexander Duller, Jonathan Gani, Yao Kuan Goh, Jun Young Jeong, Brendan McManus, Prakash Nagappan, Peter Pockney, Anya Rugendyke, Mahsa Sarrami, Stephen Smith, Vanessa Wills, Hsu Ven Wong, Geoffrey Ye, Geoffrey Zhang, Ethan Brooker, Daniel Feng, Bonnie Lau, Carlin Ngai, Sarah Birks, David Gyorki, Jaime Otero de Pablos, Ali Abbosh, Chris Gillespie, Ahmed Mahmoud, Bianca Kwan, Joshua Lawson, Andrea Warwick, Janne Bingham, Andrew J Cockbain, Nagendra Naidu Dudi-Venkata, Jordan Ellaby-Hall, Ben Finlay, Emily Humphries, Jade Pisaniello, Monique Pisaniello, Salma Salih, Tarik Sammour, Haidar Hadri Abd Wahab, April De Silva, Nicola Hayward, Kartik Iyer, Guy Maddern, Gian Andrea Prevost, Naga Annapureddy, Krishna Pranathi Settipalli, Jeremy Yeo, Lucy Hempenstall, Lily Pham, Shaun Purcell, Cherry Talavera, Ashish I Vaska, Gurpreet Chaggar, Phillip Chrapko, Annelise Cocco, Sarah Michelle Crystal Jade Coulter-Nile, Grahame Ctercteko, James French, Houchen Gong, Martijn Gosselink, Thuvarahan Jegathees, Ivan Jin, Michelle Kalachov, Kathryn Kiefhaber, Katherine Lee, Jason Luong, Steven Phan, Henry Pleass, Kelly Veale, Zhi Zeng, Angela Au, Ashe DeBiasio, Idy Deng, Jananee Myooran, Amrita Nair, Peter Stewart, Anton Stift, Lukas Walter Unger, Kerstin Wimmer, Nabila Ahmed, Syed Hasan, Saber Rahman, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Adrian Peters, Pietro Perduca, Guenda Pulcina, Nicolas Tinton, Frederic Buxant, Elsa Dabin, Giulia Garofalo, Francis Dossou, Freddy Houehanou Rodrigue Gnangnon, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Pako Motlaleselelo, Omphile Tlhomelang, Igor Lima Buarque, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Aldo Vieira Barros, Ilia Batashki, Nikolai Damianov, Vladislav Stoyanov, Dragomir Dardanov, Svilen Maslyankov, Plamen Petkov, George Todorov, Evgeni Zhivkov, Aygulya Akisheva, Miguel Angel Castilla Moreno, Geno Genov, Ivelina Ilieva, Tsvetomir Ivanov, Martin Karamanliev, Azhar Khan, Emil Mitkov, Tsanko Yotsov, Boyko Atanasov, Nikolay Belev, Mihail Slavchev, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Elgan Jones, Simon Stock, Steve Kyota, James Brown, Tresor Mabanza K., Lemery Nigo Samuel, Chidi Otuneme, Ngwang Prosper, Franklin Umenze, Marylise Boutros, Natasha Caminsky, Sinziana Dumitra, Richard Garfinkle, Dominique Morency, Ebram Salama, Alexander Banks, Lorenzo Ferri, Haitian He, Amit Katz, Alexander Sender Liberman, Sarkis Meterissian, Allison Pang, Elena Parvez, Usmaan Hameed, Fahima Osman, Sangita Sequeira, Natalie Coburn, Alisha Jaffer, Paul Karanicolas, Matthew Mosseler, Reilly Musselman, Xinyuan Liu, Ching Wan Yip, Juan Sebastian Garces-Otero, Carolina Guzman, Sebastian Sierra, Andres Uribe Valencia, Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Saul Camelo, Andrea Gonzalez, Alejandro González-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J- Perez Rivera, Felipe Gonzalez, Andres Isaza-Restrepo, Laura Nino- Torres, Natalia Arias Madrid, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Justin Tsandiraki, Damir Jemendžic, Branislav Kocman, Oliver Šuman, Renata Canic, Darko Jurišic, Ivana Karakas, Ana Krizanovic Rupcic, Vlatka Pitlovic, Josip Samardžic, Mario Kopljar, Ivan Bacic, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Danijela Miljanic, Andrea Simic, Mariam Ahmed, Majdi Al Nassrallah, Rabiya Altaf, Talal Amjad, Ruba Eltoum, Heba Haidar, Alhassan Hassan, Omar Khalil, Marwan Qasem, Rommel Ramesh, Gautham Sajith, Maham Wisal, Jan Žatecký, Michele Bujda, Katerina Jirankova, Ales Paclik, Aya Abdallah, Mariam Abdulgawad Almogy, Esraa Ayman El-sawy, Ahmed Moustafa ElFayoumy, Nourhan Elghareeb, Nourhan Ahmed Esmat, Ahmed Fadel, Abdullah Habater, Heba Hamdy, Amr Hefni, Marwa Kamal, Norhan Mohamed Abobakr, Ahmed Sayed, Nancy Shaker, Ehab Taha, Hoda Tharwat, Omar Zakaria, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Ali Al-Dhufri, Hamza S. Al-Himyari, Enas El sheikh, Asmaa Eldmaty, Aya Elkhalawy, Ahmed M.Elkhashen, Kithara Magdy, Safa Mostafa, Habib Doutoum Sadia, Mohamed mahmoud Saleh, Dina Samir, Mohamed Yahia Mohamed Ali, Mahmoud A. Nassar, Samar Abdelhady, Aly Abdelrazek, Israa Abdelsalam, Aya El-Sawy, Eman Essam, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Khaled Ghaly, Mohamed Hassabalnaby, Rana Masarani, Nourhan Mohamed Shaaban, Ahmed Sabry, Menatalla Salem, Nourhan Akram Soliman, Diaaaldin Zahran, Moustafa Ramadan Abou El.soud, Esraa Tarek Badr, Hala Borham, Nehal Elmeslemany, Mohammad Elsayed, Fawzia Elsherif, Sara Eslam, Gehad Gaber, Sondos Ibrahim, Yara Kamh, Abdelrahman Mahmoud, Shimaa gamal Mohamed, Eman Morshedy, Cinderella Omar, Fatima Salem Soliman, Shaza Abdelkawy, Naglaa Abdelmohsen, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Ahmed Dahy, Norhan Gamal, Mohammed Gamal, Ahmad Hasan, Helal Hetta, Nehad Mousa, Mohamed Omar, Somia Rabie, Mahmoud Saad, Bakeer Saleh, Marwa Sayed Mohamed, Muhammad Shawqi, Heba Abdelhady Mousa, Mostafa Alnoury, Mohamed Elbealawy, Ahmed Elshafey, Muhammad Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, Mennatullah Ghonaim, Fawzy Hgag, Mohamed Ibrahim, Mahmoud Morsy, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Ahmed Refaat, Hadeer Samir, Fatma Shahien, Mohamed Sobhy, Fathy Sroor, Esraa Abdellatif, Marina Adel, Amr Abdelghani Afifi, Eman Afifi, Marco Antaky, Amr Dawoud, Naira El Zoghby, Amira El-remaily, Ali Abdelazez Elzanfaly, Ahmed Gadallah, Fatma Alzahraa Gamal, Omar Hashem, Shrouk Medhat Youssef, Aliaa Muhammad Attyah, Malak Munir, Omar Shazly, Esraa Taha, Karim Wilson, Sawsan Adel, Asmaa Ali, Esraa Eid, Esraa Elhelow, Marwa Elmahdy, Bassant Elshatby, Amany Hossam el-din Zakaria, Ahmad Hossny, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed M.Yonis, Maram Metwalli, Basant Yousry, Esraa Zid, Mina A Yacoub, Ahmed Abdelhakim, Nervana Abouelsoad, Mo'min Alkhatib, Ahmed Ashraf, Alaa Ashraf, Yasmin Elazab, Mahmoud Elfanty, Osama Elkabir, Mai Elsayed, Ahmed Elshimy, Hager Elsobky, John Eskander, Ahmed Gad, Ward Hamsho, Noura Khaled Abdelwahed, Menna Magdy, Dalia Moharam, Abeer Osama, Shereen Ramadan, Radwa Roum, Taqwa Sayed, Tarneem Shehada, Ahmed Mohy Zidan, Khalid Abbas, Amr Ali, Mohamed Attia, Mohamed Balata, Ayman El Nakeeb, Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed Elewaily, Ahmed Elfallal, Hossam Elfeki, Ahmed Elkhadragy, Sameh Emile, Helmy Ezzat, Hasnaa Hosni, Islam Mansour, Waleed Omar, Gehad Othman, Kareem Sadek, Mostafa Shalaby, Noura Shehab-Eldeen, Rawda Anas khalifa, Helmy Badr, Mostafa Eldeep, Ahmed Eldeep, Amany Eldoseuky mohammed, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Rokia Mahmoud, Pola Mikhail, Mahmoud Morsi, Sara Mowafy, Dina Raafat, Amina Safy, Marwa Sera, Ahmed shible Sera, Mostafa Salim Mohamed AbdAllah, Muhammad Abdelkader, Abdulrahman Osama Abdou, Ahmedgaber Ahmed, Shireen Gaafar, Fatma Ibrahim negm, Mina Lapic, Ahmed Maher, Hagar Mahmoud, Ahmed Mostafa, Mohamed Samir, Fatma Samy, Nourhan Semeda, Hind I. Shalaby, Alaa El-taweel, Ahmed Galal Elnagar, Ahmed Gamal Hemidan, Mohamed Hussein, Ahmed.A. Kandil, Mf Moawad, Ayat Allah Nasser Hamamah, Mostafa Soliman, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Noura Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelwahed, Alrawy Abdou, Khalid Atallah, Mohammed Yasser Elsherbeny, Eman Emara, Mohamed Hamdy, Omar Hamdy, Amira Haron, Salma Ismail, Islam Hany Metwally, Nihal Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, Ahmed Nassar, Basel Refky, Mirna Sadek, Mahmoud Saleh, Asmaa Yunes, Mai Zakaria, Mohammed Zuhdy, Notila Fayed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Sander Kütner, Priit Melnik, Indrek Seire, Toomas Ümarik, Eppu Ainoa, Verner Eerola, Hanna Koppatz, Laura Koskenvuo, Ville Sallinen, Sini Takala, Jevgeni Katunin, Arto Turunen, Niki Christou, Muriel Mathonnet, Vincent Lavoue, Krystel Nyangoh Timoh, Lucie Soulabaille, Romain Lesourd, Aude Merdrignac, Laurent Sulpice, Benoît André, Elodie Chantalat, Charlotte Vaysse, Bertrand Dousset, Sebastien Gaujoux, Gregory Martin, Octavian Clonda, Domantas Juodis, Klaus Kienle, Andras Mravik, Samuel Palmer, Gabor Szabadhegyi, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Solomon Gyabaah, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Nuhu Naabo, Atta Owusu senior, Joseph Yorke, Frank Owusu, Francis Abantanga, Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Abdul-Jalilu Mohammed Muntaka, Emmanuel Owusu Abem, Mohammed Sheriff, Paul M. Wondoh, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Georgios Gkiokas, Eirini Pantiora, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Argyrios Ioannidis, Konstantinos Konstantinidis, Sofia Konstantinidou, Nikolaos Machairas, Anna Paspala, Anastasia Prodromidou, Christos Chouliaras, Konstantinos Papadopoulos, Ioannis Baloyiannis, Ioannis Mamaloudis, George Tzovaras, Ioanna Akrida, Maria-Ioanna Argentou, Stylianos Germanos, Evangelos Iliopoulos, Ioannis Maroulis, George Skroubis, George Theofanis, Christos Chatzakis, Orestis Ioannidis, Lydia Loutzidou, Panagiotis Karathanasis, Nikolaos Michalopoulos, Charalampos Theodoropoulos, Dimitrios Theodorou, Tania Triantafyllou, Zoe Garoufalia, Natasha Hasemaki, Michalis Kontos, Gregory Kouraklis, Stylianos Kykalos, Theodore Liakakos, Eustratia Mpaili, Alexandros Papalampros, Dimitrios Schizas, Athanasios Syllaios, Ekaterini Christina Tampaki, Antonios Tsimpoukelis, Maria Ioanna Antonopoulou, Eirini Deskou, Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Menelaos Zoulamoglou, Christos Anthoulakis, Michalis Margaritis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Veronica Campo, André Ceballos, Mario-Andrés Flores, Waleska Giron, Donghyun Ko, Gabriel Martinez, Verónica Rivera Lara, Nataly Rueda, Andres Sanchez, Jorge Carlos Guillermo Tejeda Garrido, Alvaro Eduardo Alvarez Rivera, Elvis Benjamin Bamaca Ixcajoc, Lilian Elizabeth Barreda Zelaya, Patricia Chacòn-Herrera, Ligia Margarita Corea Ruiz, Guillermo Echeverria-Davila, Mario Garcia, Danilo García, Edgar Fernando Gutiérrez Mayen, Noriega José, Nery Mazariegos, Diego Méndez, Michael Paniagua Espinoza, David Bardos, Marton Benke, Kristof Illes, Balint András Kokas, Réka Szabó, Akhila Appukuttan, Anjitha Asok, Vijaykumar D.k, Kapil Malik, Praveen Ravishankaran, Ritesh Tapkire, Guru Moorthy, Joyner Abraham, Ramesh Muthuvel, John Alapatt, Abhay Kattepur, Nizamudheen Pareekutty, Mebanshanbor Garod, Caleb Harris, Cliff Wanniang, Ashish Gupta, Deepak Nehra, Sanjeev Parshad, Rajgopal Acharya, Rajendra Badwe, Manish Bhandare, Urvashi Jain, Karishma Kirti, Nita Nair, Shailesh Shrikhande, Purvi Thakkar, Premkumar Anandan, Archana C S, Arun Holenarasipur Narasannaiah, Tejaswi Jagarlamudi, Rashmi M R, Mallikarjuna Manangi, Abhishek Raghavendra, K. Seshagiri Rao, Vinay S, Vinay Sajjan, Aneesh Shenoy, Santhosh Shivashankar Chikkanayakanahalli, Kavya Tharanath, Sushmita V, Peter Adidharma, Raksheeth Agarwal, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Ghafur Rasyid Arifin, Matthew Billy, Zatira Elfizri, Alessa Fahira, Devi Felicia, Triana Hardianti Gunardi, Nadya Johanna, Nadia Rahmadiani Nugrahadi, Sonar Soni Panigoro, Siti Rahmayanti, Retta Catherina Sihotang, Santi Yuanita Brata, Hadi Winoto, Nastaran Barati, Manoochehr Karami, Hamidreza Khorshidi, Homa Naderifar, Mazin A. Abdulla, Maggie Coleman, Ronan J Doherty, Rob Hannon, Brenda Murphy, Aine Stakelum, Des Winter, Lylas Aljohmani, Richard Farnan, Yeshey Seldon, Tanna Tan, Shriya Varghese, Mohammad Alherz, Muaaz Ather, Mohammad Bajilan, Vivien Graziadei, Isobel Pilkington, Omar Quidwai, Paul Ridgway, Haaris Shiwani, Abd al-Rahman Tahir, Eimear Blunnie, Daniel Burke, Niall Kennedy, Kate Macdonagh, Maeve O'Neill, Siobhan Rooney, Giuseppe Falco, Guglielmo Ferrari, Simone Mele, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Lara Ugoletti, Maurizio Zizzo, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Fulvio Tagliabue, Gianluca Baronio, Deborah Ongaro, Giacomo Pata, Bruno Compagnoni, Renato Salvadori, Lucio Taglietti, Nicola D'Alessandro, Pierpaolo Di Lascio, Giovanni Pascale, Luca Bortolasi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Massimo Carlini, Giorgio Lisi, Davide Lombardi, Corrado Pedrazzani, Domenico Spoletini, Giulia Turri, Paola Violi, Donato Francesco Altomare, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Musa, Vincenzo Papagni, Arcangelo Picciariello, Leonardo Vincenti, Dario Andreotti, Savino Occhionorelli, Matteo Tondo, Stefano Maria Massimiliano. Basso, Riccardo Cirelli, Marco Enrico Mario Maino, Guglielmo Niccolò Piozzi, Emanuele Picone, Rosa Scaramuzzo, Giovanni Sinibaldi, Alfonso Amendola, Lorenzo Anastasio, Luigi Bucci, Emanuele Caruso, Antonio Castaldi, Sara Di Maso, Vincenza Paola Dinuzzi, Giovanni Esposito, Maria Gaudiello, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Paola Antonella Greco, Gaetano Luglio, Andrea Manfreda, Ester Marra, Federica Mastella, Gianluca Pagano, Roberto Peltrini, Vincenzo Pepe, Michele Sacco, Viviana Sollazzo, Giovanni Spiezio, Ettore Cianchetti, Nunzia Menduni, Michele Maria Carvello, Francesca Di Candido, Antonino Spinelli, Fabio Corsi, Luca Sorrentino, Fabio Marino, Emanuele Luigi Giuseppe Asti, Luigi Bonavina, Emanuele Rausa, Martina Asta, Andrea Belli, Francesco Bianco, Carmela Cervone, Paolo Delrio, Armando Falato, Andrea Fares Bucci, Rita Guarino, Ugo Pace, Daniela Rega, Emilia De Luca, Gaetano Gallo, Giuseppe Sammarco, Giuseppe Sena, Giuseppina Vescio, Letizia Santandrea, Giampaolo Ugolini, Davide Zattoni, Nicola Chetta, Gaetano Logrieco, Serafino Vanella, Gianluca Garulli, Nicola Zanini, Andrea Bondurri, Francesco Cammarata, Francesco Colombo, Diego Foschi, Giulia Maria Beatrice Lamperti, Anna Maffioli, Gianluca Matteo Sampietro, Al'ona Yakushkina, Gloria Zaffaroni, Enrico Cicuttin, Maria Grazia Sibilla, Harmony Impellizzeri, Marco Inama, Gianluigi Moretto, Sylvie Mochet, Elisa Ponte, Antonella Usai, Stefano Mancini, Andrea Sagnotta, Luigi Solinas, Elisa Bolzonaro, Nicolò Tamini, Gianluca Curletti, Raffaele Galleano, Michele Malerba, Sofia Campanella, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Francesco Colli, Paolino De Marco, Nicolò Falco, Tommaso Fontana, Leonel jospin Kamdem Mambou, Antonella La Brocca, Leo Licari, Brenda Randisi, Giovanna Rizzo, Giulia Rotolo, Giuseppe Salamone, Roberta Tutino, Paolina Venturelli, Stefano Malabarba, Alessandro Sgrò, Ivan Vella, Bruno Cirillo, Daniele Crocetti, Giorgio De Toma, Pierfrancesco Lapolla, Andrea Mingoli, Paolo Sapienza, Angela Belvedere, Stefania Bianchini, Margherita Binetti, Arianna Birindelli, Valeria Tonini, Mauro Podda, Fabio Pulighe, Michele De Rosa, Lorenzo Bono, Felice Borghi, Paolo Geretto, Maria Carmela Giuffrida, Corrado Lauro, Alessandra Marano, Luca Pellegrino, Paola Salusso, Diego Sasia, Michela Campanelli, Alberto Realis Luc, Mario Trompetto, Roberto Cardia, Nicola Cillara, Antonio Nicola Giordano, Antonio Costanzo, Mario Alessandro Giovilli, Luca Turati, Silvestro Canonico, Guido Sciaudone, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Nader Albsoul, Ahmad AlBsoul, Ala'a Aldeen Alkhatib, Osama Alsallaq, Justin Z. Amarin, Rami Ayoub, Isam Bsisu, M S El Muhtaseb, Mohammad Jabaiti, Jamal Melhem, Yasmeen Z. Qwaider, Mohammad Hasan Salameh, Ahmad Suleihat, Haya H. Suradi, Mohammad Alammarin, Almoutuz Aljaafreh, Mohammad Bani hani, Zeina Bani hani, Farah Bani Hani, Toqa Fahmawee, Shadi Hamouri, Cyrine Katanani, Ra'fat Tawalbeh, Tamara Tawalbeh, Hassan Zawahrah, Mohamad K. Abou Chaar, Lana Abusalem, Mahmoud Al-Masri, Hani Al-Najjar, Lutfi Barghuthi, Zahra Ahmed, Adnan Maulana, Omar Ngotho, Charbel Kamau, Aruyaru Stanley Mwenda, Fridah Bosire, Elizabeth Mwachiro, Robert Parker, Ian Simel, Kimutai Sylvester, Abdulmunem Ahmed Mustafa Althini, Sofian Elbarouni, Aya Elseed Elbeshina, Ahmed Gwea, Ans Malek, Wedad Albashir Masoud Farag, Abdulwahab Abdalei, Abu Baker Abdel Malik, Areej Abo-khammash, Ma'aly Abuhlaiga, Nour Adnan, Marwa Albaggar, Asma Alfitory, Asma Aljanfi, Fakhruddin Almuzghi, Zohoor Altumei, Fatima Alzabti, Hana Ashoushan, Mohamed Assalhi, Joma Azzubia, Sondos Bnhameida, Malik Delhen, Houssein Elshafei, Hana Elteir, Fatima Esbaga, Abdel Aziz Gobbi, Fatma Hamouda, Hamdan Hilan, Rania Ismail, Fieruz Jebran, Muataz Kasbour, Galia Maderi, Saja Mohammad, Burooj Mohammed, Habib Murtadi, Hamassat Mustafa, Mohamed Rajab, Sarah Trenba, Mariam Wafaa, Eman Al Sagheir, Alabas Almigheerbi, Ahmed Alzahaf, Sumayyah Ghayth Bahroun, Najah Ben Dallah, Mahmoud Elshaibani, Haitem Eswaye, Maha Karar, Samah Omar, Eman Younes, Maha Younes, Dafer Zreeg, Saleh Abujamra, Firas Ashour, Mala Elgammudi, Wesal Omar F. Aljadidi, Enas Saddouh, Randa Sharif, Aya Alabuzidi, AbdulMawlay Alwerfally, Sarra Aribi, Fatma Bibas, Taha Elfaituri, Yasmine Elhajjaji, Ala Khaled, Wegdan Khalil, Tesneem Layas, Enas Soula, Ahmed Tarek, Muad fathi khalleefah Abu hallalah, Hazem Abdelkarem Ahmed, Tagwa Alsharef, Abdulsalam Ali Ben Saoud, Tasnim El Gharmoul, Ahmed Elhadi, Safa Elrais, Abdulhalim Shebani, Heba Zarti, Asaid Zeiton, Marijus Ambrazevicius, Nerijus Kaselis, Migle Stakyte, Oleg Aliosin, Agne Cizauskaite, Sarunas Dailidenas, Vitalijus Eismontas, Migle Kybransiene, Vitalija Nutautiene, Narimantas Samalavicius, Dainius Simcikas, Algirdas Slepavicius, Albinas Tamosiunas, Nerijus Ubartas, Paulius Zeromskas, Saulius Bradulskis, Edvinas Dainius, Juozas Juocas, Egle Kubiliute, Juozas Kutkevicius, Aurimas Opolskis, Audrius Parseliunas, Andrejus Subocius, Egle Virbickaite, Diana Zuikyte, Algirdas Bogusevicius, Kristina Buzaite, Daiva Cepuliene, Ieva Cesleviciene, Vaidotas Cesna, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Povilas Ignatavicius, Mantas Jokubauskas, Monika Liugailaite, Ernest Margelis, Ruta Mazelyte, Lina Pankratjevaite, Matas Pažusis, Agne Rackeviciute, Justina Saladyte, Monika Škimelyte, Vygintas Šlenfuktas, Monika Sudeikyte, Algimantas Tamelis, Tomas Vanagas, Žygimantas Žumbakys, Aivaras Atkociunas, Audrius Dulskas, Justas Kuliavas, Justas Birutis, Sigitas Paškevicius, Mindaugas Šatkauskas, Donatas Danys, Matas Jakubauskas, Lina Jakubauskiene, Marius Kryzauskas, Vytautas Lipnickas, Gabija Makunaite, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Herizo Rasolofonarivo, Luc Hervé Samison, Bitiel Banda, Vanessa Msosa, Ahmad Imran Ahmad Izzuddin, Andre Das, Ying Yee Gan, Tan Shong Sheng, Jia yng Siaw, Mohd Fadliyazid Ab Rahim, Dyg Zahratul Hamrak Abang Jamari, Nurfariza Che Husin, Muhd Yusairi Kamarulzaman, Yi Ping Lim, Nil Amri Mohamed Kamil, Mohd Razeen Mohd Hassan, Saidah Mohd Sahid, Johari Mustafa, Elaine Hui Been Ng, Wan Khamizar Wan Khazim, Ng Chang Ern, P.g. Lingeshan, Syariz Ezuan Sulaiman, Sue Ean Ang, Muhammad Navid Bin Mohamad Sithik, Yih Jeng Cheong, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Law Jia Xian, Aravinthan Kadravello, I-Ern Koh, Li-Yen Ng, Yuki Julius Ng We Yong, Kandasami Palayan, Chi Xuan Sam, Phuah Siow Jin, Jeremy Tan Ern Hwei, Yita Tang, Alvin Zubin Ter, Michael Pak-Kai Wong, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Zaidi Zakaria, Fitjerald Henry, Thyivya Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Fairuz Shah Abd Karim, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, Nora Abdul Aziz, Tak Loon Khong, Peng Choong Lau, Hiong Chin Lim, April Camilla Roslani, Jonathan Chen Ken Seak, Sui-Weng Wong, Lai Fen Wong, Leow Yeen Chin, Mercy Chinemerem Anyanwu, Zachary Busuttil, Thomas Calleja, Kurt Lee Chircop, Ruth Cutajar, Andrew Michael Dimech, Joseph Galea, Kiara Gascon Perai, Ruth Gatt, Lisa Kelman, Elizabeth Micallef, Favour Nwolu, Kim Sammut, Joanna Thompson, Sean Warwicker, Matthew Zammit, Fernando Cordera, Efraín Cruz González, Jorge Sánchez-García, Francisco José Barbosa Camacho, Francisco Javier Barrera López, Carlos Jose Zuloaga Fernandez del Valle, Eric Acosta, Iván Romarico González Espinoza, Perla Moreno, Ana Olivia Cortes-Flores, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Samantha Corro Díaz González, Laura Martinez, Bonifacio Mosqueda Amador, Armando Novoa, Dennet Arturo Olazo Espejo, Alejandro Jimenez, Federico Lopez Rosales, Elva Gabriela Vanoye, Luis Alberto Garcia Gonzalez, Roberto Carlos Miranda-Ackerman, Manuel Solano-Genesta, Alethia Alvarez-Cano, Hector Hugo Romero-Garza, Heriberto Medina-Franco, Lorelí Mejía-Fernández, Noel Salgado-Nesme, Omar Vergara-Fernandez, Guadalupe Montserrat Gutiérrez-Mota, Francisco Xavier Hernandez Vera, Anabella Llantada Lopez, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Felipe de Jesus Ramirez Padilla, Walezka Tapia Marin, Mónica Martínez Maldonado, Ramses Sánchez Suárez, José Manuel Troche, Chaymae Benyaiche, Oumaima Outani, Souadka Amine, Amine Benkabbou, Anass Mohammed Majbar, Raouf Mohsine, Ali Rafik, Thida Oung, Moe Moe Tin, Philipp Plarre, Anna Alberga, Nina Sluiter, Jurriaan Tuynman, Robin Blok, Didem Cömert, Roel Hompes, Marianne Kalff, Merel Elisabeth Stellingwerf, Pieter Tanis, Mark van Berge Henegouwen, Elise Maria van Praag, Daan Wisselink, Michael Gerhards, Josephine Lopes Cardozo, Emma Westerduin, Joske de Jonge, Aaw van Geloven, Kaz van Schilt, Frank den Boer, Simone Stoots, Stijn Vlek, Jamie Adams, Ibrahim S. Al-Busaidi, Gabrielle Budd, Seung il Choi, Michael Jen Jie Chu, Anurag Ganugapati, Lucy McKinstry, Rebecca Pascoe, Simon Richards, Kenrick Rosser, Annie Stevenson, Rebecca White, Shebani Farik, Jin Kwun, Ahmed Murad, Sarah Cowan, Timothy Hall, Michael Hayton, Laminou Malam Sani, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Halima Aliyu, Muhammad Daniyan, Tunde T. Sholadoye, Lawal Abdullahi, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Aminu Mohammad Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Abdurrahman Abba Sheshe, Ibrahim Suleiman, Alaba Adesina, Ajibola Awolowo, Clement Onuoha, Omotayo Salami, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Agboola Taiwo, Stephen Kache, Jerry Godfrey Makama, Danjuma Sale, Olajide Abiola, Akinlabi Ajao, Anthony Ajiboye, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Julius Olaogun, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Michael Olatunji Afolayan, Olanrewaju Balogun, Ayomide Makanjuola, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Wale Ojewola, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdul-Rashid Adesunkanmi, Augustine Agbakwuru, Adeleke Akeem Aderogba, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Olukayode Arowolo, Oladejo Lawal, Tajudeen Mohammed, Chinedu Ndegbu, Olalekan Olasehinde, Funmilola Wuraola, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Arinzechukwu Mosanya, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Samuel Ali SANI, Stephen Garba, Rebecca Hauwa SANI, Samson Olori, Henry Onyebuashi, Ifeanyi Umoke, Adedire Adenuga, Ademola Adeyeye, Olufemi Habeeb, Bashir Lawal, Abdulrasheed Nasir, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Didrik Kjønås, Elisabeth Myrseth, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Alvi, Omair Saleem, Asma Afzal, Anam Nazir, Muhammad Farooq, Ayesha Liaqat, Syed Asghar Naqi, Ali Raza, Muzna Sarfraz, Muhammad Sarwar, Muntaha Banglani, Ambreen Munir, Rahmat Sehrish, Bushra Ayub, Raza Sayyed, Amna Altaf, Saima Ayub, Komal Saeed, Bilal Syed, Sana Amir Akbar, Abdul Wahid Anwer, Ruqayya Naheed Khan, Amina Iqbal Khan, Shahid Khattak, Sameen Mohtasham, Muhammad Asad Parvaiz, Aamir Ali Syed, Abdul Basit Ansari, Noman Shahzad, Tanwir Khaliq, Isbah Rashid, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Hasan Abu Al-saleem, Amjad Abu Alqumboz, Mohammad Alqadi, Adham Amro, Rawan Assa, Eman Awesat, Rawan Ayyad, Mohammed Hammad, Ayat Haymony, Bassel Hijazi, Bara Hmeidat, Rowaa Lahaseh, Aseel Qawasmi, Alaa Rajabi, Mohammed Shehada, Sundus Shkokani, Yasmine Yaghi, Nadine Yaghi, Mohammad AlZohour, Mohammad Farid, Yousef Mahmoud Habes, Wesam Juba, Yanal Nubani, Abdelrahman Rabee, Mohammad Sa'deh, Saeed Abed, Iyad Al basos, Mohammad Alswerki, Dina Ashour, Israa Awad, Samar Diab, Alaa El Jamassi, Sahar El-Kahlout, Somaya Elhout, Ahmed N K Hajjaj, Doaa Hasanain, Baraa Nabil hajjaj, Mohammed Obaid, Eman Saikaly, Ahmed Salhi, Hiba Al-Tammam, Murad Almasri, Muath Baniowda, Doha Beshtawi, Ali Horoub, Rami Misk, Bayan Mohammad, Rami Qasrawi, Tasnim Sholi, Samar Abu-Nimeh, Abrar Abu-srour, Sadi A. Abukhalaf, Samer Adawi, Barah Alsalameh, Kholoud Ayesh, Muawiyah Elqadi, Ahmad Hammouri, Fatima Karim Mustafa, Natalie Marzouqa, Shatha Melhem, Dima Miqdad, Balqees Mohamad, Mhammed Rawhi, Ayman B. Abu Ahammala, Ahmed Abu Ataya, Israa Abu Jayyab, Samar Al-Shwaikh, Othman Alagha, Mohammed Alasttal, Haneen Awadallah, Mahmood Elblbessy, Jehad Fares, Akram Jarbou, Ibtisam Mahfouz, Moath A. Albahnasawi, Asmaa' Abo mahadi, Hasan Abuelhatal, Ayham Abuelqomboz, Abdelrahman Almoqayyad, Abdallah Alwali, Reem Balaawi, Mahmoud Hamouda, Mohammed Humeid, Abdullah Jedyan, Tasneem Mahmoud Abu hamam, Ghadeer Matar, Ali Salem, Tahani Samra, Nureddin Shaheen, Karam Shihada, Ayoob A.Nemer, Mahmoud Abu Al Amrain, Abdulwhhab Abu Alamrain, Najlaa Abu Jamie, Mohammed R. Abu-Rous, Nada Alfarra, Mohammed AlTaweel, Noor Alwhaidi, Ramadan Hamed, Bader Saqqa, Ahmad Shaheen, Dana Aljaber, Loay Aljaberi, Malak Alwaheidi, Assef Jawaada, Hani Khaldi, Rami Qahoush, Jalil Qari, Rana Saadeh, Ahlam Salim, Aseel Yacoub, Abbas Abbas, Rana Abu shua`ib, Baraa Abu Zainah, Mahmoud AbuSirrees, Basheer Babaa, Ola Barhoush, Asef Belal qadomi, Laith Daraghmeh, Reema Haji, Alaa Khatatbeh, Lana Khatib, Salsabeel Qarariah, Yara Quzmar, Khalil Safadi, Roqaya Salameh, Mohammad Hassan, Shifaa Herzallah, Loai Massad, Ahmed Nazzal, Ranin Nazzal, Dennis Escobar, Gustavo Miguel Machain V, Agustin Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jorge Emerson Chachaima Mar, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa Paredes, Vicente Cuba, Walter Lopez, Maria Milagros Niquen Jimenez, Nestor Alberto Sanchez Bartra, Olenka Sapallanay Ojeda, Diego Sequeiros, Andrea Toscano Pacheco, María Vergara, Sol Abarca, Rodrigo Alcorta, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ivan Edward Eusebio Zegarra, Claudia Luján López, Mirella Marrufo, Cinthya Mogrovejo, Andrea Nomura, Yamile Rodríguez Angeles, Maitza Rosario Vidal Meza, Gabriela Zavala, José Neiser Castillo Arrascue, Jomara Caroline Hidrogo Cabrera, José Julio Mariano Larrea vera, Miguel Osorio, Edgar Alcides Ylatoma Díaz, Mark Anthony Fontanilla, Joseph Roy Fuentes, Anna Leah Salazar, Genieve Dominguez, Marc Paul Lopez, Shiela Macalindong, Mark Augustine Onglao, Arjel Ramirez, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Mayou Martin Tampo, Gemma Leonora Uy, Jeremiah Mangahas, Kenneth Yabut, Joannes Paul Cañete, Bernalynn Eris Cansana, Ernes John Castro, Maria Kaiserin Lipana, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Vlu Jean Zara, Maciej Chrol, Paula Franczak, Michal Orlowski, Piotr Budzynski, Andrzej Budzynski, Pawel Bury, Agata Czerwinska, Jadwiga Dworak, Jacek Dziedzic, Michal Kisielewski, Jan Kulawik, Anna Lasek, Piotr Malczak, Marcin Migaczewski, Michal Pedziwiatr, Magdalena Pisarska, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Anna Rzepa, Tomasz Skoczylas, Maciej Stanek, Katarzyna Truszkiewicz, Mateusz Wierdak, Marek Winiarski, Piotr Zarzycki, Anna Zub-Pokrowiecka, Piotr Kowalewski, Rafal Roszkowski, Maciej Waledziak, Miguel Tomé, Sara Patrocinio, Ines Guerreiro, Filipe Almeida, Xavier de Sousa, Nuno Monteiro, Maria Teresa Costa Santos, Daniela de Oliveira, Marta Lopes Serra, Daniela Morgado, Christian Neves, Ana Carolina Oliveira, Alice Pimentel, Sofia Silva, Márcia Carvalho, Lúcia Carvalho, Joana Magalhães, Leonor Matos, Tânia Monteiro, Carlota Ramos, Vanessa Santos, José Barbosa, Jose Costa-Maia, Vítor Devezas, Ana Fareleira, Cristina Fernandes, Diana Gonçalves, Henrique Mora, Marina Morais, Fabiana Silva de Sousa, Sara Catarino Santos, Ana Logrado, André Tojal, Edgar Amorim, Miguel F. Cunha, Ana Fazenda, João Pedro Melo Neves, Inês Isabel Sampaio da Nóvoa Gomes Miguel, Diogo Veiga, José Azevedo, Hugo Cardoso Louro, Mariana Leite, Maria Bairos Menezes, Bárbara Gama, Diana Brito, Marta Cristina Cruz Martins, André Graça e Magalhães, Ana Catarina Longras, Rita Lourenço, Diana Matos, Luis Castro, Filipa Policarpo, Joana Romano, Cristina Monteiro, Diogo Pinto, Marina Duarte, Sónia Fortuna Martins, Mariline Oliveira, Diogo Galvão, Lisandra Martins, Anaisa Silva, Viorel Taranu, Bárbara Vieira, Jessica Neves, Simone Oliveira, Hugo Ribeiro, Margarida Cinza, Rosa Felix, Arnaldo Machado, Joana Oliveira, Joana Patrício, Rita Pedroso de Lima, Mário Pereira, Miguel Rocha Melo, Cristina Velez, Alberto Abreu da Silva, Mariana Claro, Daniel Costa Santos, Andreia Ferreira, Hugo Capote, Daniela Rosado, Filipa Taré, Oriana Nogueira, Miguel Ângelo, José Miguel Baiao, Andreia Guimarães, João Marques, Miguel Nico Albano, Marta Silva, Ana Valente da Costa, Teresa Vieira Caroço, Sara Almeida Braga, Ines Capunge, Marta Fragoso, João Guimarães, Bruno Pinto, João Ribeiro, Miguel Angel, Guilherme Fialho, Monica Guerrero, Filipa Campos Costa, Diogo Cardoso, Vasco Cardoso, Magda Alves, Inês Estalagem, Tiago Louro, Cláudia Marques, Rita Martelo, Miguel Morgado, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Pedro Martins, Mariana Peyroteo, João Gomes, Rita Monteiro, Manuela Romano, Daniela Macedo Alves, Rita Peixoto, Catarina Quintela, Maria João Jervis, Débora Melo, André Pacheco, Valter Paixão, Vera Pedro, Joana Pimenta, João Pimenta de Castro, Ana Rocha, Mircea Beuran, Cezar Ciubotaru, Bogdan Diaconescu, Sorin Hostiuc, Ionut Negoi, Bogdan Stoica, NA NA, Evgeny Anokhin, Georgy Kuznetsov, Giorgi Oganezov, Fedor Paramzin, Ekaterina Romanova, Valeryan Rutkovskii, Vasilii Rutkovskii, Mikhail Shushval, Mikhail Zabiyaka, Khasan Dzhumabaev, Valerii Ivanov, Zaman Mamedli, Sergey Achkasov, Artem Balkarov, Elnur Nabiev, Marat Nagudov, Evgeny Rybakov, Karina Saifutdinova, Oleg Sushkov, Lule Joseph, Isaac Ndayishimiye, Ntirenganya Faustin, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Jean Paul Mvukiyehe, Vizir J.P Nsengimana, Carine Uwakunda, Mohammad Monir Abbas, Nouf Akeel, Murad Aljiffry, Kholoud Awaji, Ali Farsi, Ghader Jamjoum, Ahmad Khoja, Ashraf Maghrabi, Nadim Malibary, Mohammed Nassif, Abdulaziz Saleem, Abdullah Sultan, Wail Tashkandi, Hanaa Tashkandi, Nora Trabulsi, Mouhamadou Bachir Ba, Adja Coumba Diallo, Abdourahmane Ndong, Vladica Cuk, Uroš Jankovic, Sharon Zhiling Koh, Frederick Koh, Kuok Chung Lee, Kai Yin Lee, Sean Lee, Wei Qi Leong, Su Ann Lui, Prajwala Prakash, Jan Grosek, Gregor Norcic, Ales Tomazic, Nicolas Fitchat, Robert Jaich, Devorah Wineberg, Modise Zacharia Koto, Daniella Baiocchi, Damian Clarke, Christina Johanna Steenkamp, Sharon Bannister, Adam Boutall, Galya Chinnery, Anna Coccia, Angela Dell, Parveen Karjiker, Christo Kloppers, Nicholas Loxton, Tumi Mabogoane, Francois Malherbe, Eugenio Panieri, Shreya Rayamajhi, Tirsa van Wyngaard, Claire Warden, T E Madiba, Nivashen Pillay, Savannah Brooks, Charlise Kruger, Lisa Hannah Van Der Merwe, Ferhana Gool, Maahir Kariem, Heather Bougard, Nazmie Kariem, Fazlin Noor, Reantha Pillay, Leandi Steynfaardt, Lucía González González, José Miguel Marín Santos, Paula Martín-Borregón, Javier Martínez Caballero, Cristina Nevado García, Pastora Rodriguez Fraga, Gonzalo De Castro Parga, Maria Pilar Fernández Veiga, Lucía Garrido López, Hugo Infante Pino, Irene Lages Cal, Marta López Otero, Manuel Nogueira Sixto, Marta Paniagua García Señorans, Laura Rodríguez Fernández, Alejandro Ruano Poblador, Erika Rufo Crespo, Raquel Sanchez-Santos, Vincenzo Vigorita, Ester Alonso Batanero, Dorisme Asnel, Isabel Cifrian Canales, Elisa Contreras Saiz, Irene De Santiago Alvarez, Tamara Díaz Vico, Sebastian Fernandez Arias, Daniel Fernández Martínez, Carmen García Bernardo, Luis Joaquín García Flórez, Carmen Garcia Gutierrez, Manuel García Munar, Carlos Alberto Márquez Zorrilla Molina, Marta Merayo, José Luis Michi Campos, Maria Moreno Gijon, Jorge L. Otero-Diez, Jose Luis Rodicio Miravalles, Lorena Solar-Garcia, Aida Suárez Sánchez, Nuria Truan, Cristina Alejandre Villalobos, Yurena Caballero Díaz, Marta Jimenez, Dacil Montesdeoca, Antonio Navarro-Sánchez, Victor Vega, Juan Beltrán de Heredia, Zahira Gómez, Carlos Jezieniecki, Ana Patricia Legido Morán, Mario Montes-Manrique, Mario Rodriguez-Lopez, María Ruiz Soriano, Jeancarlos Trujillo Díaz, Andrea Vazquez Fernandez, Nuria Argudo, Miguel Pera, Laia Torrent Jansà, Melody García Domínguez, Ignacio Goded, Marta Roldón Golet, Issa Talal El-Abur, Alejandra Utrilla Fornals, Vanesa Zambrana Campos, Maria Del Mar Aguilar Martinez, Marina Bosch, Luis García-Catalá, Luis Sánchez-Guillén, Eva Artigau, Nuria Gomez Romeu, David Julià Bergkvist, Beatriz Espina Perez, Olga Morató, Carles Olona, Beatriz Diéguez, Alexander Forero-Torres, Manuel Losada, Segundo Gomez-Abril, Paula Gonzálvez, Rosario Martinez, Sergio Navarro Martínez, Carmen Payá-Llorente, Álvaro Pérez Rubio, Sandra Santarrufina Martinez, Juan Carlos Sebastián Tomás, Ramon Trullenque Juan, Alberto Gegúndez Simón, Paloma Maté, Maria Isabel Prieto-Nieto, Ines Rubio-Perez, Aitor Urbieta, Marina Vicario Bravo, David Abelló, Matteo Frasson, Alvaro Garcia-Granero, Alfredo Abad Gurumeta, Ane Abad-Motos, Elena Lucena-de Pablo, Beatriz Nozal, Javier Ripollés-Melchor, Rut Salvachúa, Esther Ferrero, Luis Garcia-Sancho Tellez, Antonio L. Picardo, Jose Alberto Rojo López, Laura Patricia Zorrilla Matilla, Carmen Cagigas Fernandez, Sonia Castanedo Bezanilla, José Estevez Tesouro, Maria Jose Fernandez-Diaz, Juan García Cardo, Marcos Gomez Ruiz, Erik Gonzalez-Tolaretxipi, Jaime Jimeno Fraile, Cristobal Poch, Montserrat Rodriguez-Aguirre, Noemí Troche Pesqueira, Maria Soledad Trugeda-Carrera, Javier de la Torre, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Eloy Espin-Basany, Martin Espinosa-Bravo, Clara Morales Comas, Eduardo Reyes Afonso, Joaquín Rivero Déniz, Christian Siso Raber, Mireia Verdaguer Tremolosa, Pramodh Chandrasinghe, Sumudu Kumarage, Nimeshi Wijekoon Arachchilage, Ahmed Abdalla Ahmed Elkamel, Mohammed A. Adam, Nina Blomme, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Andreas Älgå, Dhirar Ansarei, Fuat Celebioglu, Göran Heinius, Linda Nigard, Emil Pieniowski, Sandra Ahlqvist, Ida Björklund, Andreas Frånberg, Martina Håkansson, Karin Adamo, Oskar Franklin, Malin Sund, Rebecca Wiberg, Yvette Andersson, Abbas Chabok, Maziar Nikberg, Alexander Kugelberg, Claudia Canonica, Dimitrios Christoforidis, Fabrizio Fasolini, Paolo Gaffuri, Mauro Giuliani, Francesco Meani, Sotirios Georgios Popeskou, Silvia Pozza, Wiebke Wandschneider, Lorenz Peterer, Lukas Werner Widmer, Bernd Zimmermann, Panagiotis Bakoleas, Iris Chanousi, Lydia Charalampidou, Lukasz Filip Grochola, Franziska Heid, Sotirios Ntaoulas, Michail Outos, Georgios Peros, Hanna Podolska-Skoczek, Katharina Beate Reinisch, Christian Zielasek, Nicolas Demartines, Jérôme Gilgien, Amaniel Kefleyesus, Pénélope St-Amour, Arnaud Toussaint, Maryam Alhimyar, Bayan Alsaid, Amr Alyafi, Ahmad Alkhaledi, Basel Kouz, Ahmad Omarain, Yusra Al-Sabbagh, Haya Alkhatib, Samer Sara, Ahmad Alhaj, Aghyad Danial, Lama Kadoura, Sarah Maa Albared, Yamen Monawar, Louei Nahas, Barook Abd, Ahmad Saad, Habib Wakkaf, Hatem Bouzaiene, Montassar Ghalleb, Elif Akaydin, Ata Cem Akbaba, Onur Atakul, Ege Baltaci, Sevval Besli, Gökçen Burgu, Ulukan Cenal, Cansu de Muijnck, Hasan Can Demirkaya, Alper Dogruoz, Zeynep Ipek Gezer, Yasemin Gündogdu, Merve Kara, Hasan Kürsad Korkmaz, Gökalp Kagan Kurtoglu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Ahmet Murat Pektas, Eda Kübra Sel, Nilüfer Yenidünya, Fuat Baris Bengur, Berke Mustafa Oral, Tahir Koray Yozgatli, Seymur Abdullayev, Mehmet Emin Gunes, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Tuba Banaz, Kübra Kargici, Omer Faruk Kuyumcu, Erkan Yanikoglu, Merve Yesilsancak, Duygu Yilmaz, Melik Kagan Aktas, Ahmet Rencuzogullari, Arda Isik, Sezai Leventoglu, Ali Yalçinkaya, Osman Yüksel, Mustafa U Kalayci, Yasin Kara, Inanc Samil Sarici, Alp Akin, Gökçe nur Alemdag, Ekin Arslan, Bahadir Emre Baki, Muhammed Selim Bodur, Adnan Calik, Bahar Candas Altinbas, Irem Cihanyurdu, Oguz Erkul, Burak Gül, Ali Guner, Beyza Köse, Anil Semiz, Sule Sevim, Serkan Tayar, Kadir Tomas, Ozan yavuz Tüfek, Serdar Türkyilmaz, Mehmet Ulusahin, Arif Usta, Reyyan Yildirim, Sertaç Ata Güler, Ozan Can Tatar, Ecenur Varol, Busenur Kirimtay, Muhammed Uysal, Alp Yildiz, Emin Kose, Ahmet Burak Ciftci, Elif Çolak, Huseyin Eraslan, Gultekin Ozan Kucuk, Kürsat Yemez, Herman Lule, Mumbere Bienfait, Emmanuel Bua, Noella Okalany, Maksym Basarab, Oleksii Bielosludtsev, Kateryna Kolhanova, Kateryna Perepelytsia, Kateryna Romanukha, Dmytro Savenkov, Stanislav Siryi, Maksym Tereshchenko, Nezamai Viacheslav, Anton Volovetskyi, Andrey Kebkalo, Yegor Tryliskyy, Volodimir Tyselskiy, Eilidh Bruce, Bing Lun Chow, Emma Iddles, Sarah McGuckin, Nicola Newall, George Ramsay, Parivrudh Sharma, Caitlin Stewart, Jeremy Wong, Abdul Badran, Michael Bath, Fanny Belais, Eman Butt, Kaustuv Joshi, Milan Kapur, Mike Shaw, Adam Townson, Christopher Yee Khang Williams, Timothy Gray, Robert Greig, Mansoor Husain, Elspeth Murray, Ahmed Mustafa, Ashar Asif, Arya Gokul, Max Shah, Mabel Temisanren Akitikori, Alexandros Charalabopoulos, Sophie Davidson, Sinead McNally, Shamil Rupani, Fatema Juma, Sarah Catherine Mills, Laura Muirhead, Kate Sellars, Una Walsh, Oliver Warren, Alice Chambers, Richard Hunt, Stephen Boyce, Hannah Cornwall, Isabel Tol, Eleftherios Orestis Argyriou, Nicola Eardley, Meical Povey, Joanna M S Aithie, Ahmer Irfan, Mari-Claire McGuigan, Robert Starr, Craig Russell Warren, Jess Archibald, Georgia Kirby, Ivan Kisyov, Chun Kheng Khoo, Rachel Lee, Dana Photiou, Rowan Davis, Uday Prasad, P Zichu Yang, Jonathan Bird, Edmund Leung, Virginia Summerour, Chelise Currow, Jianshen Kiam, Gerald Jack Soon Tan, Anitha Muthusami, Ibifunke Pegba-Otemolu, Tomas Urbonas, Joseph Nunoo-Mensah, Edgaras Smolskas, Alex Boddy, Gianpiero Gravante, David Hunter, David Andrew, Amanda Koh, Amari Thompson, Lawrence Adams, Hollie A Clements, Kasun De Silva, Ogbonnia Ekpete, Seraj Haque, Scott Henderson, Bilal Ibrahim, Thummini Jayasinghe, Jennifer Livie, Keir Mailley, Gopikrishnan Nair, Daniel Tan, Caitlin Baggaley, Aleksander Dawidziuk, Bartosz Szyszka, Charlotte Barter, Nirav Gandhi, Karen Hassell, Samantha Hitchin, Jennett Kelsall, Eva Nagy, Ashrafun Nessa, Lisa Whisker, Fady Yanni, Mahmoud Ali, Deeksha Arora, Sunanda Hediwattege, Navam Kumarasinghe, Munir Rathore, Athula Tennakoon, Syed Mustafa Ali Ahmad, Oreoluwa Bajomo, Fahema Nadira, Valerio Celentano, Ewen Griffiths, Rama Santhosh Karri, Jason Kei Chak Mak, Michelle Pipe, Muhammad Iqbal Bhatti, Mohamed Rabie, Connor Boyle, David Hamilton, Aishath Mihuna, James Chean Khun Ng, Gary Nicholson, Agata Oliwa, Robert Pearson, Anna Rose, Shun Qi Yong, Catherine Boereboom, Michael Hanna, Catherine Walter, Thomas Samuel Greensmith, Rachel Mitchell, Eimear Monaghan, James Crawford, Susan Moug, James Blackwell, Hannah Boyd-Carson, Philip Herrod, Omar Al-Allaf, Miriam Beattie, Cameron Bullock, Shivang Burman, Gemma Clark, Nicolas Flamey, Oliver Flannery, Alexander Harding, Ben Kodiatt, Samuel Lawday, Shivani Mahapatra, Navin Mukundu Nagesh, Michael Ng, Dupinderjit Rye, Andrel Yoong, Laura Clark, Chris Deans, Monisha Edirisooriya, Emma Victoria Carrington, Tsz Lun Ernest Wong, Baasil Yusuf, Carla Chamberlain, Kathryn Duke, Elizabeth Kmiotek, Azel Botes, Natalie Condie, Timothy Schrire, Reena Shah, Iolo Thomas-Jones, Charlotte Yates, Natasha Anthony, Edward Matthews, Kapil Sahnan, James Tankel, Sally Tucker, Jasmine Winter Beatty, Paul Ziprin, William Duggan, Anastasia Kantartzi, Shruthi Sridhar, Rachel Alys Khaw, Prakhar Srivastava, Charlotte Underwood, Homero Alves do Canto Brum, Sharat Chopra, Laura Davis, Rebecca Hughes, Joshua Tulley, Justin Alberts, Thomas Athisayaraj, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Kasim Ahmad, Claudia Chan, Gavin Chapman, Hannah Fleming, Benjamin Fox, Julia Grewar, Kate Hulse, Duncan Rutherford, Mackay Sinead, Scott Smith, Doug Speake, Peter G Vaughan-Shaw, Natasha Christodoulides, Simrit Kudhail, Matthew Welch, Syed Muhibullah Husaini, Simon Lambracos, Chikamuche Anyanwu, Rishi Suresh, Jimmy Scott Thomas, Elizabeth Gleeson, Rebecca Platoff, Areeba Saif, Zachary Enumah, Eric Etchill, Alodia Gabre-Kidan, Mitchell Bernstein, Francesco Maria Carrano, Joseph Connors, Patricio Lynn, Marcovalerio Melis, Elliot Newman, Deshka S Foster, Kenneth Perrone, Ashley Titan, Sarwat Ahmad, Andrea Chao M.D. Bafford, Marco Dal Molin, Nader Hanna, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Jane J Wong, Julia Chandler, Lauren Wood, Sherry Wren, Taylor Ottesen, Lucia You, Kristin Yu, María del pilar Arciénega Yañez, Martin Ferreira Fernandes, Daniel González, Santiago Cubas, María Catalina González, Vanessa Zubiaurre, Rodrigo Demolin, Nicolas Giroff, Pablo Sciuto, Maite Campos, Gabriela Rodríguez Cantera, Garg Deepika, Elliot Simuchimba, Anadi Bulaya, Chali Chibuye, Bright Chirengendure, Mary-Rose Kabale, Kizito Kabongo, James Munthali, Oliver Mweso, Francis Pikiti, James Otieno, Log Tung Lai, Brighid Blackman, Sophie Richards, Suren Subramaniam, Rafid Karim, Nathan Kok, Yanni Dion Lee, Shabina Ali, Aanjaneya Sinha, Robert Corrigan, Nicole Barnes, Florence Wong, Grace Dennis, Julia Jedamzik, Emil Phillips, Wivine Piette, Marie Van hentenryck, Houenoukpo Koco, Souliath Lawani, Mamo Woldu Kassa, Tainá Santos Bezerra, Petar Gribnev, Dobromir Dimitrov, Panche Krastev, Sovannarith Oum, Divine Tim Bonghaseh, Maryam Al Farsi, Nourah Alsharqawi, Veronica Acevedo, Andrea Carolina Castillo Barbosa, Felipe Giron, Jimmy Paul Leon Rodriguez, Darko Kucan, Damir Rosko, Neven Barsic, Domagoj Župan, Amgad Hegazi, Vendula Truncíková, Vladimir Fryba, Mostafa Mohamed, Ahmed Sultan, Ahmed Nagi, Abdallah Rashad Temerik, Mohamed Elemam Elshawy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Shrouk Omar, Mohamed Anwar, Tarek Rageh, Aya Elmokadem, Khaled Gaballa, Sandra Teppo, Antti Turunen, Pasi Pengermä, Quentin Ballouhey, Damien Bergeat, Ariane Weyl, Elisabeth Hain, Adam Gyedu, Edwin Yenli, Dorcas 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Camila Milagros Shiroma Gago, Abhishekh Srinivas, Chia-Yen Sung, Aswan Tai, Yener Cristyell Valle Aranda, Sara Venturini, Jean Wilguens Lartigue, UCL - SSS/IREC/MONT - Pôle Mont Godinne, UCL - (MGD) Service de chirurgie, Knight S.R., Shaw C.A., Pius R., Drake T.M., Norman L., Ademuyiwa A.O., Adisa A.O., Aguilera M.L., Al-Saqqa S.W., Al-Slaibi I., Bhangu A., Biccard B.M., Brocklehurst P., Costas-Chavarri A., Chu K., Dare A., Elhadi M., Fairfield C.J., Fitzgerald J.E., Ghosh D., Glasbey J., van Berge Henegouwen M.I., Ingabire J.C.A., Kingham T.P., Lapitan M.C., Lawani I., Lieske B., Lilford R., Martin J., Mclean K.A., Moore R., Morton D., Nepogodiev D., Ntirenganya F., Pata F., Pinkney T., Qureshi A.U., Ramos-De la Medina A., Riad A., Salem H.K., Simoes J., Spence R., Smart N., Tabiri S., Thomas H., Weiser T.G., West M., Whitaker J., Harrison E.M., Gjata A., Modolo M.M., King S., Chan E., Nahar S.N., Waterman A., Vervoort D., Bedada A.G., De Azevedo B., Figueiredo A.G., Sokolov M., Barendegere V., Ekwen G., Agarwal A., Liu Q., Camilo Correa J., Malemo K.L., Bake J., Mihanovic J., Kuncarova K., Orhalmi J., Salem H., Teras J., Kechagias A., Arnaud A.P., Lindert J., Kalles V., Aguilera-Arevalo M.-L., Recinos G., Baranyai Z., Kumar B., Neelamraju Lakshmi H., Zachariah S.K., Alexander P., Kumar Venkatappa S., Pramesh C., Amandito R., Fleming C., Ansaloni L., Pellino G., Altibi A.M., Nour I., Hamdun I., Ghellai A.M., Venskutonis D., Poskus T., Zilinskas J., Malemia P., Tew Y.Y., Borg E., Ellul S., Wafqui F.Z., Borowski D.W., van Dalen A.S., Wells C., Adamou H., Ademuyiwa A., Adisa A., Soreide K., Al Saqqa S., Alser O., Tahboub H., Segovia Lohse H.A., Shu Yip S., Major P., Sampaio Soares A., Bratu M.R., Litvin A., Vardanyan A., Allen Ingabire J.C., Gudal A., Albati N., Juloski J., Rems M., Rayne S., Van Straten S., Moodley Y., Ortega Vazquez I., Ruiz-Tovar J., Senanayake K.J., Thalgaspitiya S.P.B., Omer O.A., Homeida A., Cengiz Y., Clerc D., Alshaar M., Bouaziz H., Altinel Y., Doe M., Freigofer M., Teasdale E., Kabariti R., Clements J.M., Ashfaq A., Azodo I., Wagner G., Trostchansky I., Maimbo M., Linyama D., Nina H., Zeko A., Fermani C.G., Villalobos S., Carballo F., Farina P., Guckenheimer S., Dickfos M., Ajmera A., Chong C., Gourlay R., Hussaini S., Lee Y.J., Majid A., Martin P., Miles R., Morris O.J., Phua J., Ridley W., Saluja T., Tan R.R., Teh J., Wells A., Arora B., Dollie Q., Ho D., Ma Y., Perera O.M., Truong A., Dawson A.C., Lim B., Pahalawatta U., Phan J., Woon-Shoo-Tong X.-M.S., Yeoh A., Charman L., Drane A., Laura S., Lo C.C.W., Mozes A., Poon R., Tan H.H., Wall E., Chopra P., De Giovanni J., Dhital B., Draganic B., Duller A., Gani J., Goh Y.K., Jeong J.Y., McManus B., Nagappan P., Pockney P., Rugendyke A., Sarrami M., Smith S., Wills V., Wong H.V., Ye G., Zhang G., Brooker E., Feng D., Lau B., Ngai C., Birks S., Gyorki D., Otero de Pablos J., Abbosh A., Gillespie C., Mahmoud A., Kwan B., Lawson J., Warwick A., Bingham J., Cockbain A.J., Dudi-Venkata N.N., Ellaby-Hall J., Finlay B., Humphries E., Pisaniello J., Pisaniello M., Salih S., Sammour T., Abd Wahab H.H., De Silva A., Hayward N., Iyer K., Maddern G., Prevost G.A., Annapureddy N., Settipalli K.P., Yeo J., Hempenstall L., Pham L., Purcell S., Talavera C., Vaska A.I., Chaggar G., Chrapko P., Cocco A., Coulter-Nile S.M.C.J., Ctercteko G., French J., Gong H., Gosselink M., Jegathees T., Jin I., Kalachov M., Kiefhaber K., Lee K., Luong J., Phan S., Pleass H., Veale K., Zeng Z., Au A., DeBiasio A., Deng I., Myooran J., Nair A., Stewart P., Stift A., Unger L.W., Wimmer K., Ahmed N., Hasan S., Rahman S., O'Shea M., Padmore G., Peters A., Perduca P., Pulcina G., Tinton N., Buxant F., Dabin E., Garofalo G., Dossou F., Gnangnon F.H.R., Imorou Souaibou Y., Motlaleselelo P., Tlhomelang O., Lima Buarque I., Mendonca Ataide Gomes G., Vieira Barros A., Batashki I., Damianov N., Stoyanov V., Dardanov D., Maslyankov S., Petkov P., Todorov G., Zhivkov E., Akisheva A., Castilla Moreno M.A., Genov G., Ilieva I., Ivanov T., Karamanliev M., Khan A., Mitkov E., Yotsov T., Atanasov B., Belev N., Slavchev M., Nsengiyumva C., Jones E., Stock S., Kyota S., Brown J., Mabanza K. T., Nigo Samuel L., Otuneme C., Prosper N., Umenze F., Boutros M., Caminsky N., Dumitra S., Garfinkle R., Morency D., Salama E., Banks A., Ferri L., He H., Katz A., Liberman A.S., Meterissian S., Pang A., Parvez E., Hameed U., Osman F., Sequeira S., Coburn N., Jaffer A., Karanicolas P., Mosseler M., Musselman R., Liu X., Yip C.W., Garces-Otero J.S., Guzman C., Sierra S., Uribe Valencia A., Cabrera Rivera P.A., Camelo S., Gonzalez A., Gonzalez-Orozco A., Mosquera Paz M.S., Perez Rivera C.J., Gonzalez F., Isaza-Restrepo A., Nino- Torres L., Arias Madrid N., Mendoza Arango M.C., Tsandiraki J., Jemendzic D., Kocman B., Suman O., Canic R., Jurisic D., Karakas I., Krizanovic Rupcic A., Pitlovic V., Samardzic J., Kopljar M., Bacic I., Domini E., Karlo R., Miljanic D., Simic A., Ahmed M., Al Nassrallah M., Altaf R., Amjad T., Eltoum R., Haidar H., Hassan A., Khalil O., Qasem M., Ramesh R., Sajith G., Wisal M., Zatecky J., Bujda M., Jirankova K., Paclik A., Abdallah A., Abdulgawad Almogy M., Ayman El-sawy E., ElFayoumy A.M., Elghareeb N., Esmat N.A., Fadel A., Habater A., Hamdy H., Hefni A., Kamal M., Mohamed Abobakr N., Sayed A., Shaker N., Taha E., Tharwat H., Zakaria O., Abdelmotaleb I., Al-Dhufri A., Al-Himyari H.S., El sheikh E., Eldmaty A., Elkhalawy A., M.Elkhashen A., Magdy K., Mostafa S., Sadia H.D., Saleh M.M., Samir D., Yahia Mohamed Ali M., A. Nassar M., Abdelhady S., Abdelrazek A., Abdelsalam I., El-Sawy A., Essam E., Gadelkarim M., Ghaly K., Hassabalnaby M., Masarani R., Mohamed Shaaban N., Sabry A., Salem M., Soliman N.A., Zahran D., Abou El.soud M.R., Badr E.T., Borham H., Elmeslemany N., Elsayed M., Elsherif F., Eslam S., Gaber G., Ibrahim S., Kamh Y., Mohamed S.G., Morshedy E., Omar C., Salem Soliman F., Abdelkawy S., Abdelmohsen N., Abdelshakour M., Dahy A., Gamal N., Gamal M., Hasan A., Hetta H., Mousa N., Omar M., Rabie S., Saad M., Saleh B., Sayed Mohamed M., Shawqi M., Abdelhady Mousa H., Alnoury M., Elbealawy M., Elshafey A., Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed M., Ghonaim M., Hgag F., Ibrahim M., Morsy M., Reda Loaloa M., Refaat A., Samir H., Shahien F., Sobhy M., Sroor F., Abdellatif E., Adel M., Afifi A.A., Afifi E., Antaky M., Dawoud A., El Zoghby N., El-remaily A., Elzanfaly A.A., Gadallah A., Gamal F.A., Hashem O., Medhat Youssef S., Muhammad Attyah A., Munir M., Shazly O., Wilson K., Adel S., Ali A., Eid E., Elhelow E., Elmahdy M., Elshatby B., Hossam el-din Zakaria A., Hossny A., Ibrahim E., M.Yonis A., Metwalli M., Yousry B., Zid E., A Yacoub M., Abdelhakim A., Abouelsoad N., Alkhatib M., Ashraf A., Elazab Y., Elfanty M., Elkabir O., Elshimy A., Elsobky H., Eskander J., Gad A., Hamsho W., Khaled Abdelwahed N., Magdy M., Moharam D., Osama A., Ramadan S., Roum R., Sayed T., Shehada T., Zidan A.M., Abbas K., Attia M., Balata M., El Nakeeb A., Elewaily M.I.E., Elfallal A., Elfeki H., Elkhadragy A., Emile S., Ezzat H., Hosni H., Mansour I., Omar W., Othman G., Sadek K., Shalaby M., Shehab-Eldeen N., Anas khalifa R., Badr H., Eldeep M., Eldeep A., Eldoseuky mohammed A., Khallaf S., Magdy Hegazy E., Mahmoud R., Mikhail P., Morsi M., Mowafy S., Raafat D., Safy A., Sera M., Sera A.S., AbdAllah M.S.M., Abdelkader M., Abdou A.O., Ahmed A., Gaafar S., Ibrahim negm F., Lapic M., Maher A., Mahmoud H., Mostafa A., Samir M., Samy F., Semeda N., Shalaby H.I., El-taweel A., Galal Elnagar A., Hemidan A.G., Hussein M., Kandil A.A., Moawad M., Nasser Hamamah A.A., Soliman M., Abdelkhalek M., Abdelmaksoud Tawakel N., Abdelwahed A.M., Abdou A., Atallah K., Elsherbeny M.Y., Emara E., Hamdy M., Hamdy O., Haron A., Ismail S., Metwally I.H., Mohamed Hamed Elgaml N., Nassar A., Refky B., Sadek M., Saleh M., Yunes A., Zakaria M., Zuhdy M., Fayed N., Mohammed M.M.H., Kutner S., Melnik P., Seire I., Umarik T., Ainoa E., Eerola V., Koppatz H., Koskenvuo L., Sallinen V., Takala S., Katunin J., Turunen A., Christou N., Mathonnet M., Lavoue V., Nyangoh Timoh K., Soulabaille L., Lesourd R., Merdrignac A., Sulpice L., Andre B., Chantalat E., Vaysse C., Dousset B., Gaujoux S., Martin G., Clonda O., Juodis D., Kienle K., Mravik A., Palmer S., Szabadhegyi G., Agbeko A.E., Gyabaah S., Gyamfi F.E., Naabo N., Owusu senior A., Yorke J., Owusu F., Abantanga F., Anyomih T.T.K., Muntaka A.-J.M., Owusu Abem E., Sheriff M., Wondoh P.M., Balalis D., Korkolis D., Gkiokas G., Pantiora E., Theodosopoulos T., Ioannidis A., Konstantinidis K., Konstantinidou S., Machairas N., Paspala A., Prodromidou A., Chouliaras C., Papadopoulos K., Baloyiannis I., Mamaloudis I., Tzovaras G., Akrida I., Argentou M.-I., Germanos S., Iliopoulos E., Maroulis I., Skroubis G., Theofanis G., Chatzakis C., Ioannidis O., Loutzidou L., Karathanasis P., Michalopoulos N., Theodoropoulos C., Theodorou D., Triantafyllou T., Garoufalia Z., Hasemaki N., Kontos M., Kouraklis G., Kykalos S., Liakakos T., Mpaili E., Papalampros A., Schizas D., Syllaios A., Tampaki E.C., Tsimpoukelis A., Antonopoulou M.I., Deskou E., Manatakis D.K., Papageorgiou D., Zoulamoglou M., Anthoulakis C., Margaritis M., Nikoloudis N., Campo V., Ceballos A., Flores M.-A., Giron W., Ko D., Martinez G., Rivera Lara V., Rueda N., Sanchez A., Tejeda Garrido J.C.G., Alvarez Rivera A.E., Bamaca Ixcajoc E.B., Barreda Zelaya L.E., Chacon-Herrera P., Corea Ruiz L.M., Echeverria-Davila G., Garcia M., Garcia D., Gutierrez Mayen E.F., Jose N., Mazariegos N., Mendez D., Paniagua Espinoza M., Bardos D., Benke M., Illes K., Kokas B.A., Szabo R., Appukuttan A., Asok A., Vijaykumar D.K., Malik K., Ravishankaran P., Tapkire R., Moorthy G., Abraham J., Muthuvel R., Alapatt J., Kattepur A., Pareekutty N., Garod M., Harris C., Wanniang C., Gupta A., Nehra D., Parshad S., Acharya R., Badwe R., Bhandare M., Jain U., Kirti K., Nair N., Shrikhande S., Thakkar P., Anandan P., C S A., Holenarasipur Narasannaiah A., Jagarlamudi T., M R R., Manangi M., Raghavendra A., Rao K.S., S V., Sajjan V., Shenoy A., Shivashankar Chikkanayakanahalli S., Tharanath K., V S., Adidharma P., Agarwal R., Anggita Gultom P., Arifin G.R., Billy M., Elfizri Z., Fahira A., Felicia D., Gunardi T.H., Johanna N., Nugrahadi N.R., Panigoro S.S., Rahmayanti S., Sihotang R.C., Brata S.Y., Winoto H., Barati N., Karami M., Khorshidi H., Naderifar H., Abdulla M.A., Coleman M., Doherty R.J., Hannon R., Murphy B., Stakelum A., Winter D., Aljohmani L., Farnan R., Seldon Y., Tan T., Varghese S., Alherz M., Ather M., Bajilan M., Graziadei V., Pilkington I., Quidwai O., Ridgway P., Shiwani H., Tahir A.A.-R., Blunnie E., Burke D., Kennedy N., Macdonagh K., O'Neill M., Rooney S., Falco G., Ferrari G., Mele S., Nita G.E., Ugoletti L., Zizzo M., Confalonieri G., Pesenti G., Tagliabue F., Baronio G., Ongaro D., Pata G., Compagnoni B., Salvadori R., Taglietti L., D'Alessandro N., Di Lascio P., Pascale G., Bortolasi L., Campagnaro T., Carlini M., Lisi G., Lombardi D., Pedrazzani C., Spoletini D., Turri G., Violi P., Altomare D.F., Aquilino F., Musa N., Papagni V., Picciariello A., Vincenti L., Andreotti D., Occhionorelli S., Tondo M., Basso S.M.M., Cirelli R., Maino M.E.M., Piozzi G.N., Picone E., Scaramuzzo R., Sinibaldi G., Amendola A., Anastasio L., Bucci L., Caruso E., Castaldi A., Di Maso S., Dinuzzi V.P., Esposito G., Gaudiello M., Giglio M.C., Greco P.A., Luglio G., Manfreda A., Marra E., Mastella F., Pagano G., Peltrini R., Pepe V., Sacco M., Sollazzo V., Spiezio G., Cianchetti E., Menduni N., Carvello M.M., Di Candido F., Spinelli A., Corsi F., Sorrentino L., Marino F., Asti E.L.G., Bonavina L., Rausa E., Asta M., Belli A., Bianco F., Cervone C., Delrio P., Falato A., Fares Bucci A., Guarino R., Pace U., Rega D., De Luca E., Gallo G., Sammarco G., Sena G., Vescio G., Santandrea L., Ugolini G., Zattoni D., Chetta N., Logrieco G., Vanella S., Garulli G., Zanini N., Bondurri A., Cammarata F., Colombo F., Foschi D., Lamperti G.M.B., Maffioli A., Sampietro G.M., Yakushkina A., Zaffaroni G., Cicuttin E., Sibilla M.G., Impellizzeri H., Inama M., Moretto G., Mochet S., Ponte E., Usai A., Mancini S., Sagnotta A., Solinas L., Bolzonaro E., Tamini N., Curletti G., Galleano R., Malerba M., Campanella S., Cocorullo G., Colli F., De Marco P., Falco N., Fontana T., Kamdem Mambou L.J., La Brocca A., Licari L., Randisi B., Rizzo G., Rotolo G., Salamone G., Tutino R., Venturelli P., Malabarba S., Sgro A., Vella I., Cirillo B., Crocetti D., De Toma G., Lapolla P., Mingoli A., Sapienza P., Belvedere A., Bianchini S., Binetti M., Birindelli A., Tonini V., Podda M., Pulighe F., De Rosa M., Bono L., Borghi F., Geretto P., Giuffrida M.C., Lauro C., Marano A., Pellegrino L., Salusso P., Sasia D., Campanelli M., Realis Luc A., Trompetto M., Cardia R., Cillara N., Giordano A.N., Costanzo A., Giovilli M.A., Turati L., Canonico S., Sciaudone G., Selvaggi F., Selvaggi L., Albsoul N., AlBsoul A., Alkhatib A.A., Alsallaq O., Amarin J.Z., Ayoub R., Bsisu I., El Muhtaseb M.S., Jabaiti M., Melhem J., Qwaider Y.Z., Salameh M.H., Suleihat A., Suradi H.H., Alammarin M., Aljaafreh A., Bani hani M., Bani hani Z., Bani Hani F., Fahmawee T., Hamouri S., Katanani C., Tawalbeh R., Tawalbeh T., Zawahrah H., Abou Chaar M.K., Abusalem L., Al-Masri M., Al-Najjar H., Barghuthi L., Ahmed Z., Maulana A., Ngotho O., Kamau C., Stanley Mwenda A., Bosire F., Mwachiro E., Parker R., Simel I., Sylvester K., Althini A.A.M., Elbarouni S., Elbeshina A.E., Gwea A., Malek A., Masoud Farag W.A., Abdalei A., Abdel Malik A.B., Abo-khammash A., Abuhlaiga M., Adnan N., Albaggar M., Alfitory A., Aljanfi A., Almuzghi F., Altumei Z., Alzabti F., Ashoushan H., Assalhi M., Azzubia J., Bnhameida S., Delhen M., Elshafei H., Elteir H., Esbaga F., Gobbi A.A., Hamouda F., Hilan H., Ismail R., Jebran F., Kasbour M., Maderi G., Mohammad S., Mohammed B., Murtadi H., Mustafa H., Rajab M., Trenba S., Wafaa M., Al Sagheir E., Almigheerbi A., Alzahaf A., Bahroun S.G., Ben Dallah N., Elshaibani M., Eswaye H., Karar M., Omar S., Younes E., Younes M., Zreeg D., Abujamra S., Ashour F., Elgammudi M., Omar F. Aljadidi W., Saddouh E., Sharif R., Alabuzidi A., Alwerfally A., Aribi S., Bibas F., Elfaituri T., Elhajjaji Y., Khaled A., Khalil W., Layas T., Soula E., Tarek A., Abu hallalah M.F.K., Ahmed H.A., Alsharef T., Ben Saoud A.A., El Gharmoul T., Elhadi A., Elrais S., Shebani A., Zarti H., Zeiton A., Ambrazevicius M., Kaselis N., Stakyte M., Aliosin O., Cizauskaite A., Dailidenas S., Eismontas V., Kybransiene M., Nutautiene V., Samalavicius N., Simcikas D., Slepavicius A., Tamosiunas A., Ubartas N., Zeromskas P., Bradulskis S., Dainius E., Juocas J., Kubiliute E., Kutkevicius J., Opolskis A., Parseliunas A., Subocius A., Virbickaite E., Zuikyte D., Bogusevicius A., Buzaite K., Cepuliene D., Cesleviciene I., Cesna V., Gribauskaite J., Ignatavicius P., Jokubauskas M., Liugailaite M., Margelis E., Mazelyte R., Pankratjevaite L., Pazusis M., Rackeviciute A., Saladyte J., Skimelyte M., Slenfuktas V., Sudeikyte M., Tamelis A., Vanagas T., Zumbakys Z., Atkociunas A., Dulskas A., Kuliavas J., Birutis J., Paskevicius S., Satkauskas M., Danys D., Jakubauskas M., Jakubauskiene L., Kryzauskas M., Lipnickas V., Makunaite G., Rasoaherinomenjanahary F., Rasolofonarivo H., Samison L.H., Banda B., Msosa V., Ahmad Izzuddin A.I., Das A., Gan Y.Y., Shong Sheng T., Siaw J.Y., Ab Rahim M.F., Abang Jamari D.Z.H., Che Husin N., Kamarulzaman M.Y., Lim Y.P., Mohamed Kamil N.A., Mohd Hassan M.R., Mohd Sahid S., Mustafa J., Ng E.H.B., Wan Khazim W.K., Chang Ern N., Lingeshan P.G., Sulaiman S.E., Ang S.E., Bin Mohamad Sithik M.N., Cheong Y.J., Deva Tata M., Jia Xian L., Kadravello A., Koh I.-E., Ng L.-Y., Ng We Yong Y.J., Palayan K., Sam C.X., Siow Jin P., Tan Ern Hwei J., Tang Y., Ter A.Z., Wong M.P.-K., Zakaria A.D., Zakaria Z., Henry F., Kalaiselvan T., Abd Karim M.F.S., Abdul Aziz M.R., Abdul Aziz N., Khong T.L., Lau P.C., Lim H.C., Roslani A.C., Seak J.C.K., Wong S.-W., Wong L.F., Yeen Chin L., Anyanwu M.C., Busuttil Z., Calleja T., Chircop K.L., Cutajar R., Dimech A.M., Galea J., Gascon Perai K., Gatt R., Kelman L., Micallef E., Nwolu F., Sammut K., Thompson J., Warwicker S., Zammit M., Cordera F., Cruz Gonzalez E., Sanchez-Garcia J., Barbosa Camacho F.J., Barrera Lopez F.J., Zuloaga Fernandez del Valle C.J., Acosta E., Gonzalez Espinoza I.R., Moreno P., Cortes-Flores A.O., Fuentes Orozco C., Gonzalez Ojeda A., Corro Diaz Gonzalez S., Martinez L., Mosqueda Amador B., Novoa A., Olazo Espejo D.A., Jimenez A., Lopez Rosales F., Vanoye E.G., Garcia Gonzalez L.A., Miranda-Ackerman R.C., Solano-Genesta M., Alvarez-Cano A., Romero-Garza H.H., Medina-Franco H., Mejia-Fernandez L., Salgado-Nesme N., Vergara-Fernandez O., Gutierrez-Mota G.M., Hernandez Vera F.X., Llantada Lopez A., Morgan Villela G., Ramirez Padilla F.D.J., Tapia Marin W., Martinez Maldonado M., Sanchez Suarez R., Troche J.M., Benyaiche C., Outani O., Amine S., Benkabbou A., Majbar A.M., Mohsine R., Rafik A., Oung T., Tin M.M., Plarre P., Alberga A., Sluiter N., Tuynman J., Blok R., Comert D., Hompes R., Kalff M., Stellingwerf M.E., Tanis P., van Berge Henegouwen M., van Praag E.M., Wisselink D., Gerhards M., Lopes Cardozo J., Westerduin E., de Jonge J., van Geloven A., van Schilt K., den Boer F., Stoots S., Vlek S., Adams J., Al-Busaidi I.S., Budd G., Choi S.I., Chu M.J.J., Ganugapati A., McKinstry L., Pascoe R., Richards S., Rosser K., Stevenson A., White R., Farik S., Kwun J., Murad A., Cowan S., Hall T., Hayton M., Malam Sani L., Oumarou Garba S., Amadou Magagi I., Habou O., Aliyu H., Daniyan M., Sholadoye T.T., Abdullahi L., Anyanwu L.-J., Mohammad Mohammad A., Muhammad A.B., Sheshe A.A., Suleiman I., Adesina A., Awolowo A., Onuoha C., Salami O., Taiwo O., Taiwo A., Kache S., Makama J.G., Sale D., Abiola O., Ajao A., Ajiboye A., Etonyeaku A., Olaogun J., Adebanjo A., Adesanya O., Afolayan M.O., Balogun O., Makanjuola A., Nwokocha S., Ojewola R.W., Olajide T.O., Aderounmu A., Adesunkanmi A.-R., Agbakwuru A., Akeem Aderogba A., Alatise O.I., Arowolo O., Lawal O., Mohammed T., Ndegbu C., Olasehinde O., Wuraola F., Akinkuolie A., Mosanya A., Ayandipo O., Elemile P., Lawal T.A., Ali SANI S., Garba S., Hauwa SANI R., Olori S., Onyebuashi H., Umoke I., Adenuga A., Adeyeye A., Habeeb O., Lawal B., Nasir A., Aahlin E.K., Kjonas D., Myrseth E., Abbasy J., Alvi A., Saleem O., Afzal A., Nazir A., Farooq M., Liaqat A., Naqi S.A., Raza A., Sarfraz M., Sarwar M., Banglani M., Munir A., Sehrish R., Ayub B., Sayyed R., Altaf A., Ayub S., Saeed K., Syed B., Akbar S.A., Anwer A.W., Khan R.N., Khan A.I., Khattak S., Mohtasham S., Parvaiz M.A., Syed A.A., Ansari A.B., Shahzad N., Khaliq T., Rashid I., Waqar S.H., Abu Al-saleem H., Abu Alqumboz A., Alqadi M., Amro A., Assa R., Awesat E., Ayyad R., Hammad M., Haymony A., Hijazi B., Hmeidat B., Lahaseh R., Qawasmi A., Rajabi A., Shehada M., Shkokani S., Yaghi Y., Yaghi N., AlZohour M., Farid M., Habes Y.M., Juba W., Nubani Y., Rabee A., Sa'deh M., Abed S., Al basos I., Alswerki M., Ashour D., Awad I., Diab S., El Jamassi A., El-Kahlout S., Elhout S., Hajjaj A.N.K., Hasanain D., Nabil hajjaj B., Obaid M., Saikaly E., Salhi A., Al-Tammam H., Almasri M., Baniowda M., Beshtawi D., Horoub A., Misk R., Mohammad B., Qasrawi R., Sholi T., Abu-Nimeh S., Abu-srour A., Abukhalaf S.A., Adawi S., Alsalameh B., Ayesh K., Elqadi M., Hammouri A., Karim Mustafa F., Marzouqa N., Melhem S., Miqdad D., Mohamad B., Rawhi M., Abu Ahammala A.B., Abu Ataya A., Abu Jayyab I., Al-Shwaikh S., Alagha O., Alasttal M., Awadallah H., Elblbessy M., Fares J., Jarbou A., Mahfouz I., Albahnasawi M.A., Abo mahadi A., Abuelhatal H., Abuelqomboz A., Almoqayyad A., Alwali A., Balaawi R., Hamouda M., Humeid M., Jedyan A., Mahmoud Abu hamam T., Matar G., Salem A.L., Samra T., Shaheen N., Shihada K., A.Nemer A., Abu Al Amrain M., Abu Alamrain A., Abu Jamie N., Abu-Rous M.R., Alfarra N., AlTaweel M., Alwhaidi N., Hamed R., Saqqa B., Shaheen A., Aljaber D., Aljaberi L., Alwaheidi M., Jawaada A., Khaldi H., Qahoush R., Qari J., Saadeh R., Salim A., Yacoub A., Abbas A., Abu shua'ib R., Abu Zainah B., AbuSirrees M., Babaa B., Barhoush O., Belal qadomi A., Daraghmeh L., Haji R., Khatatbeh A., Khatib L., Qarariah S., Quzmar Y., Safadi K., Salameh R., Hassan M., Herzallah S., Massad L., Nazzal A., Nazzal R., Escobar D., Machain V G.M., Rodriguez Gonzalez A., Chachaima Mar J.E., Chinchihualpa Paredes N.O., Cuba V., Lopez W., Niquen Jimenez M.M., Sanchez Bartra N.A., Sapallanay Ojeda O., Sequeiros D., Toscano Pacheco A., Vergara M., Abarca S., Alcorta R., Borda-Luque G., Eusebio Zegarra I.E., Lujan Lopez C., Marrufo M., Mogrovejo C., Nomura A., Rodriguez Angeles Y., Vidal Meza M.R., Zavala G., Castillo Arrascue J.N., Hidrogo Cabrera J.C., Larrea vera J.J.M., Osorio M., Ylatoma Diaz E.A., Fontanilla M.A., Fuentes J.R., Salazar A.L., Dominguez G., Lopez M.P., Macalindong S., Onglao M.A., Ramirez A., Sacdalan M.D., Tampo M.M., Uy G.L., Mangahas J., Yabut K., Canete J.P., Cansana B.E., Castro E.J., Lipana M.K., Roxas M.F., Zara V.J., Chrol M., Franczak P., Orlowski M., Budzynski P., Budzynski A., Bury P., Czerwinska A., Dworak J., Dziedzic J., Kisielewski M., Kulawik J., Lasek A., Malczak P., Migaczewski M., Pedziwiatr M., Pisarska M., Radkowiak D., Rubinkiewicz M., Rzepa A., Skoczylas T., Stanek M., Truszkiewicz K., Wierdak M., Winiarski M., Zarzycki P., Zub-Pokrowiecka A., Kowalewski P., Roszkowski R., Waledziak M., Tome M., Patrocinio S., Guerreiro I., Almeida F., de Sousa X., Monteiro N., Costa Santos M.T., de Oliveira D., Lopes Serra M., Morgado D., Neves C., Oliveira A.C., Pimentel A., Silva S., Carvalho M., Carvalho L., Magalhaes J., Matos L., Monteiro T., Ramos C., Santos V., Barbosa J., Costa-Maia J., Devezas V., Fareleira A., Fernandes C., Goncalves D., Mora H., Morais M., Silva de Sousa F., Catarino Santos S., Logrado A., Tojal A., Amorim E., Cunha M.F., Fazenda A., Melo Neves J.P., Sampaio da Novoa Gomes Miguel I.I., Veiga D., Azevedo J., Cardoso Louro H., Leite M., Bairos Menezes M., Gama B., Brito D., Cruz Martins M.C., Graca e Magalhaes A., Longras A.C., Lourenco R., Matos D., Castro L., Policarpo F., Romano J., Monteiro C., Pinto D., Duarte M., Fortuna Martins S., Oliveira M., Galvao D., Martins L., Silva A., Taranu V., Vieira B., Neves J., Oliveira S., Ribeiro H., Cinza M., Felix R., Machado A., Oliveira J., Patricio J., Pedroso de Lima R., Pereira M., Rocha Melo M., Velez C., Abreu da Silva A., Claro M., Costa Santos D., Ferreira A., Capote H., Rosado D., Tare F., Nogueira O., Angelo M., Baiao J.M., Guimaraes A., Marques J., Nico Albano M., Silva M., Valente da Costa A., Vieira Caroco T., Almeida Braga S., Capunge I., Fragoso M., Guimaraes J., Pinto B., Ribeiro J., Angel M., Fialho G., Guerrero M., Campos Costa F., Cardoso D., Cardoso V., Alves M., Estalagem I., Louro T., Marques C., Martelo R., Morgado M., Canotilho R., Correia A.M., Martins P., Peyroteo M., Gomes J., Monteiro R., Romano M., Alves D.M., Peixoto R., Quintela C., Jervis M.J., Melo D., Pacheco A., Paixao V., Pedro V., Pimenta J., Pimenta de Castro J., Rocha A., Beuran M., Ciubotaru C., Diaconescu B., Hostiuc S., Negoi I., Stoica B., NA N.A., Anokhin E., Kuznetsov G., Oganezov G., Paramzin F., Romanova E., Rutkovskii V., Shushval M., Zabiyaka M., Dzhumabaev K., Ivanov V., Mamedli Z., Achkasov S., Balkarov A., Nabiev E., Nagudov M., Rybakov E., Saifutdinova K., Sushkov O., Joseph L., Ndayishimiye I., Faustin N., Mutabazi A.Z., Mvukiyehe J.P., Nsengimana V.J.P., Uwakunda C., Abbas M.M., Akeel N., Aljiffry M., Awaji K., Farsi A., Jamjoum G., Khoja A., Maghrabi A., Malibary N., Nassif M., Saleem A., Sultan A., Tashkandi W., Tashkandi H., Trabulsi N., Ba M.B., Diallo A.C., Ndong A., Cuk V., Jankovic U., Koh S.Z., Koh F., Lee K.C., Lee K.Y., Lee S., Leong W.Q., Lui S.A., Prakash P., Grosek J., Norcic G., Tomazic A., Fitchat N., Jaich R., Wineberg D., Koto M.Z., Baiocchi D., Clarke D., Steenkamp C.J., Bannister S., Boutall A., Chinnery G., Coccia A., Dell A., Karjiker P., Kloppers C., Loxton N., Mabogoane T., Malherbe F., Panieri E., Rayamajhi S., van Wyngaard T., Warden C., Madiba T.E., Pillay N., Brooks S., Kruger C., Van Der Merwe L.H., Gool F., Kariem M., Bougard H., Kariem N., Noor F., Pillay R., Steynfaardt L., Gonzalez Gonzalez L., Marin Santos J.M., Martin-Borregon P., Martinez Caballero J., Nevado Garcia C., Rodriguez Fraga P., De Castro Parga G., Fernandez Veiga M.P., Garrido Lopez L., Infante Pino H., Lages Cal I., Lopez Otero M., Nogueira Sixto M., Paniagua Garcia Senorans M., Rodriguez Fernandez L., Ruano Poblador A., Rufo Crespo E., Sanchez-Santos R., Vigorita V., Alonso Batanero E., Asnel D., Cifrian Canales I., Contreras Saiz E., De Santiago Alvarez I., Diaz Vico T., Fernandez Arias S., Fernandez Martinez D., Garcia Bernardo C., Garcia Florez L.J., Garcia Gutierrez C., Garcia Munar M., Marquez Zorrilla Molina C.A., Merayo M., Michi Campos J.L., Moreno Gijon M., Otero-Diez J.L., Rodicio Miravalles J.L., Solar-Garcia L., Suarez Sanchez A., Truan N., Alejandre Villalobos C., Caballero Diaz Y., Jimenez M., Montesdeoca D., Navarro-Sanchez A., Vega V., Beltran de Heredia J., Gomez Z., Jezieniecki C., Legido Moran A.P., Montes-Manrique M., Rodriguez-Lopez M., Ruiz Soriano M., Trujillo Diaz J., Vazquez Fernandez A., Argudo N., Pera M., Torrent Jansa L., Garcia Dominguez M., Goded I., Roldon Golet M., Talal El-Abur I., Utrilla Fornals A., Zambrana Campos V., Aguilar Martinez M.D.M., Bosch M., Garcia-Catala L., Sanchez-Guillen L., Artigau E., Gomez Romeu N., Julia Bergkvist D., Espina Perez B., Morato O., Olona C., Dieguez B., Forero-Torres A., Losada M., Gomez-Abril S., Gonzalvez P., Martinez R., Navarro Martinez S., Paya-Llorente C., Perez Rubio A., Santarrufina Martinez S., Sebastian Tomas J.C., Trullenque Juan R., Gegundez Simon A., Mate P., Prieto-Nieto M.I., Rubio-Perez I., Urbieta A., Vicario Bravo M., Abello D., Frasson M., Garcia-Granero A., Abad Gurumeta A., Abad-Motos A., Lucena-de Pablo E., Nozal B., Ripolles-Melchor J., Salvachua R., Ferrero E., Garcia-Sancho Tellez L., Picardo A.L., Rojo Lopez J.A., Zorrilla Matilla L.P., Cagigas Fernandez C., Castanedo Bezanilla S., Estevez Tesouro J., Fernandez-Diaz M.J., Garcia Cardo J., Gomez Ruiz M., Gonzalez-Tolaretxipi E., Jimeno Fraile J., Poch C., Rodriguez-Aguirre M., Troche Pesqueira N., Trugeda-Carrera M.S., de la Torre J., Blanco-Colino R., Espin-Basany E., Espinosa-Bravo M., Morales Comas C., Reyes Afonso E., Rivero Deniz J., Siso Raber C., Verdaguer Tremolosa M., Chandrasinghe P., Kumarage S., Wijekoon Arachchilage N., Abdalla Ahmed Elkamel A., A. Adam M., Blomme N., Thorell A., Wogensen F., Alga A., Ansarei D., Celebioglu F., Heinius G., Nigard L., Pieniowski E., Ahlqvist S., Bjorklund I., Franberg A., Hakansson M., Adamo K., Franklin O., Sund M., Wiberg R., Andersson Y., Chabok A., Nikberg M., Kugelberg A., Canonica C., Christoforidis D., Fasolini F., Gaffuri P., Giuliani M., Meani F., Popeskou S.G., Pozza S., Wandschneider W., Peterer L., Widmer L.W., Zimmermann B., Bakoleas P., Chanousi I., Charalampidou L., Grochola L.F., Heid F., Ntaoulas S., Outos M., Peros G., Podolska-Skoczek H., Reinisch K.B., Zielasek C., Demartines N., Gilgien J., Kefleyesus A., St-Amour P., Toussaint A., Alhimyar M., Alsaid B., Alyafi A., Alkhaledi A., Kouz B., Omarain A., Al-Sabbagh Y., Alkhatib H., Sara S., Alhaj A., Danial A., Kadoura L., Maa Albared S., Monawar Y., Nahas L., Abd B., Saad A., Wakkaf H., Bouzaiene H., Ghalleb M., Akaydin E., Akbaba A.C., Atakul O., Baltaci E., Besli S., Burgu G., Cenal U., de Muijnck C., Demirkaya H.C., Dogruoz A., Gezer Z.I., Gundogdu Y., Kara M., Korkmaz H.K., Kurtoglu G.K., Ozben V., Ozmen B.B., Pektas A.M., Sel E.K., Yenidunya N., Bengur F.B., Oral B.M., Yozgatli T.K., Abdullayev S., Gunes M.E., Sahbaz N.A., Banaz T., Kargici K., Kuyumcu O.F., Yanikoglu E., Yesilsancak M., Yilmaz D., Aktas M.K., Rencuzogullari A., Isik A., Leventoglu S., Yalcinkaya A., Yuksel O., Kalayci M.U., Kara Y., Sarici I.S., Akin A., Alemdag G.N., Arslan E., Baki B.E., Bodur M.S., Calik A., Candas Altinbas B., Cihanyurdu I., Erkul O., Gul B., Guner A., Kose B., Semiz A., Sevim S., Tayar S., Tomas K., Tufek O.Y., Turkyilmaz S., Ulusahin M., Usta A., Yildirim R., Guler S.A., Tatar O.C., Varol E., Kirimtay B., Uysal M., Yildiz A., Kose E., Ciftci A.B., Colak E., Eraslan H., Kucuk G.O., Yemez K., Lule H., Bienfait M., Bua E., Okalany N., Basarab M., Bielosludtsev O., Kolhanova K., Perepelytsia K., Romanukha K., Savenkov D., Siryi S., Tereshchenko M., Viacheslav N., Volovetskyi A., Kebkalo A., Tryliskyy Y., Tyselskiy V., Bruce E., Chow B.L., Iddles E., McGuckin S., Newall N., Ramsay G., Sharma P., Stewart C., Wong J., Badran A., Bath M., Belais F., Butt E., Joshi K., Kapur M., Shaw M., Townson A., Williams C.Y.K., Gray T., Greig R., Husain M., Murray E., Mustafa A., Asif A., Gokul A., Shah M., Akitikori M.T., Charalabopoulos A., Davidson S., McNally S., Rupani S., Juma F., Mills S.C., Muirhead L., Sellars K., Walsh U., Warren O., Chambers A., Hunt R., Boyce S., Cornwall H., Tol I., Argyriou E.O., Eardley N., Povey M., Aithie J.M.S., Irfan A., McGuigan M.-C., Starr R., Warren C.R., Archibald J., Kirby G., Kisyov I., Khoo C.K., Lee R., Photiou D., Davis R., Prasad U., Yang P.Z., Bird J., Leung E., Summerour V., Currow C., Kiam J., Tan G.J.S., Muthusami A., Pegba-Otemolu I., Urbonas T., Nunoo-Mensah J., Smolskas E., Boddy A., Gravante G., Hunter D., Andrew D., Koh A., Thompson A., Adams L., Clements H.A., De Silva K., Ekpete O., Haque S., Henderson S., Ibrahim B., Jayasinghe T., Livie J., Mailley K., Nair G., Tan D., Baggaley C., Dawidziuk A., Szyszka B., Barter C., Gandhi N., Hassell K., Hitchin S., Kelsall J., Nagy E., Nessa A., Whisker L., Yanni F., Ali M., Arora D., Hediwattege S., Kumarasinghe N., Rathore M., Tennakoon A., Ali Ahmad S.M., Bajomo O., Nadira F., Celentano V., Griffiths E., Karri R.S., Mak J.K.C., Pipe M., Bhatti M.I., Rabie M., Boyle C., Hamilton D., Mihuna A., Ng J.C.K., Nicholson G., Oliwa A., Pearson R., Rose A., Yong S.Q., Boereboom C., Hanna M., Walter C., Greensmith T.S., Mitchell R., Monaghan E., Crawford J., Moug S., Blackwell J., Boyd-Carson H., Herrod P., Al-Allaf O., Beattie M., Bullock C., Burman S., Clark G., Flamey N., Flannery O., Harding A., Kodiatt B., Lawday S., Mahapatra S., Mukundu Nagesh N., Ng M., Rye D., Yoong A., Clark L., Deans C., Edirisooriya M., Carrington E.V., Wong T.L.E., Yusuf B., Chamberlain C., Duke K., Kmiotek E., Botes A., Condie N., Schrire T., Shah R., Thomas-Jones I., Yates C., Anthony N., Matthews E., Sahnan K., Tankel J., Tucker S., Winter Beatty J., Ziprin P., Duggan W., Kantartzi A., Sridhar S., Khaw R.A., Srivastava P., Underwood C., Alves do Canto Brum H., Chopra S., Davis L., Hughes R., Tulley J., Alberts J., Athisayaraj T., Olugbemi M., Ahmad K., Chan C., Chapman G., Fleming H., Fox B., Grewar J., Hulse K., Rutherford D., Sinead M., Speake D., Vaughan-Shaw P.G., Christodoulides N., Kudhail S., Welch M., Husaini S.M., Lambracos S., Anyanwu C., Suresh R., Thomas J.S., Gleeson E., Platoff R., Saif A., Enumah Z., Etchill E., Gabre-Kidan A., Bernstein M., Carrano F.M., Connors J., Lynn P., Melis M., Newman E., Foster D.S., Perrone K., Titan A., Ahmad S., Bafford A.C.M.D., Dal Molin M., Hanna N., Zafar S.N., Hemmila M., Napolitano L., Wong J.J., Chandler J., Wood L., Wren S., Ottesen T., You L., Yu K., Arcienega Yanez M.D.P., Ferreira Fernandes M., Gonzalez D., Cubas S., Gonzalez M.C., Zubiaurre V., Demolin R., Giroff N., Sciuto P., Campos M., Rodriguez Cantera G., Deepika G., Simuchimba E., Bulaya A., Chibuye C., Chirengendure B., Kabale M.-R., Kabongo K., Munthali J., Mweso O., Pikiti F., Otieno J., Lai L.T., Blackman B., Subramaniam S., Karim R., Kok N., Lee Y.D., Ali S., Sinha A., Corrigan R., Barnes N., Wong F., Dennis G., Jedamzik J., Phillips E., Piette W., Van hentenryck M., Koco H., Lawani S., Kassa M.W., Santos Bezerra T., Gribnev P., Dimitrov D., Krastev P., Oum S., Bonghaseh D.T., Al Farsi M., Alsharqawi N., Acevedo V., Castillo Barbosa A.C., Giron F., Leon Rodriguez J.P., Kucan D., Rosko D., Barsic N., Zupan D., Hegazi A., Truncikova V., Fryba V., Mohamed M., Nagi A., Rashad Temerik A., Elshawy M.E., Mahmoud M.I., Anwar M., Rageh T., Elmokadem A., Gaballa K., Teppo S., Pengerma P., Ballouhey Q., Bergeat D., Weyl A., Hain E., Gyedu A., Yenli E., Osei-Poku D., Rompou V.-A., Zoikas A., Gaitanidis A., Koukis G., Perivoliotis K., Tavlas P., Galanos-Demiris K., Zografos G., Karavokyros I., Xanthopoulou G., Iordanidou E., Ayau F., Garcia A., Damjan P., Wason D., B L A., Rangganata E., Kamath P., O'Connor D.B., Pinto M., Perrone F., Tropeano F.P., Troilo F., Bossi D., Scala D., Pulitano L., Carella M., Pietrabissa A., Gori A., Giraudo G., De Simone V., Russo A.A., Braccio B., Al-Taher R., Athamneh S., Parker A., Sawiee A., Kattia A., Tababa O., Shaeeb Z., Syminas V., Jurgaitis J., Damuleviciene G., Svagzdys S., Razafimanjato N.N.M., Chieng Loo L., Tiong I.C., Wan Muhmad W.F., Vijeyan H., Li Ying T., Grech G., Arrangoiz R., Jimenez Ley V.B., Arizpe D., Lagunes Lara E., Castro Lopez E.V., Eaazim J., Gordinou de Gouberville M., Bastiaenen V., Rottier S., Nahab F., Ji M.Y., Seyoji M., Nwachukwu C., Emeghara O., Muhammed S.E., Idowu A., Sowemimo O., Ogundoyin O., Akande O., Lott A., Nadeem M., Laghari A.A., Loya A., Mushtaq H., Abdullah M.T., Abuhilal B., Atawneh M., Hamdan H., Alhabil B., Srour A., Mousa I., Da Silva Medina L., Bartosiak K., Ferreira P., Francisco V., Lemos R., Frutuoso L., Fernandes S., Fonseca T., Pereira J., Rachadell J., Torre A., Madeira Martins F., Carvalho A.C., Rodrigues Ferreira J., Ribeiro da Silva B., Devesa H., Vieira A., Monica I., Amaro M., Sousa D., Reia M., Louro J., Martins A., Dominguez J., Santos I., Freitas Oliveira N.M., Pereira J.C., Silva-Vaz P., Freire L., Escrevente R., Negoita V.M., Shakhmatov D., Nezerwa Y., Radulovic R., Obery G., Viljoen F., Mendes T., Suarez A., Moncada E., Fernandez-Hevia M., Curtis Martinez C., Gil Garcia J.M., Gonzalez Zunzarren M., Idris T., Eklov K., Grahn O., Amin L., Blomqvist M., Ajani C., Kraus R., Seeger N., Willemin M., Rayya F., Ayash M., Msouti R., Kannas I., Abazid E., Esper A., Slim S., Kavcar A.S., Aytac E., Dural A.C., Ilker A., Eray I.C., Kurnaz E., Altiner S., Tepe M.D., Sahin C., Savli E., Innocent A., Babirye L., Diachenko A., Hordoskiy V., Curry H., Chau C.Y.C., Robertson H., Lennon H., Loi L., Kirkham E., McCann C., Watts D., Gurung B., Wilson M., Tribedi T., Garofalo E., Zahra B., MacDonald S., Daniels I., Ng N., Khosla S., Olivier J., Yue S.Y.P., Suresh G., Wellington J., Lorejo E., Mossaad M., Crutcher M., Alimi M., Baiu I., Abdou H., Conway A., Peck C., Perdomo Perez M.A., Zulu S., Nakazwe M., Knight, S. 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M., Galea, J., Gascon Perai, K., Gatt, R., Kelman, L., Micallef, E., Nwolu, F., Sammut, K., Thompson, J., Warwicker, S., Zammit, M., Cordera, F., Cruz Gonzalez, E., Sanchez-Garcia, J., Barbosa Camacho, F. J., Barrera Lopez, F. J., Zuloaga Fernandez del Valle, C. J., Acosta, E., Gonzalez Espinoza, I. R., Moreno, P., Cortes-Flores, A. O., Fuentes Orozco, C., Gonzalez Ojeda, A., Corro Diaz Gonzalez, S., Martinez, L., Mosqueda Amador, B., Novoa, A., Olazo Espejo, D. A., Jimenez, A., Lopez Rosales, F., Vanoye, E. G., Garcia Gonzalez, L. A., Miranda-Ackerman, R. C., Solano-Genesta, M., Alvarez-Cano, A., Romero-Garza, H. H., Medina-Franco, H., Mejia-Fernandez, L., Salgado-Nesme, N., Vergara-Fernandez, O., Gutierrez-Mota, G. M., Hernandez Vera, F. X., Llantada Lopez, A., Morgan Villela, G., Ramirez Padilla, F. D. J., Tapia Marin, W., Martinez Maldonado, M., Sanchez Suarez, R., Troche, J. M., Benyaiche, C., Outani, O., Amine, S., Benkabbou, A., Majbar, A. M., Mohsine, R., Rafik, A., Oung, T., Tin, M. M., Plarre, P., Alberga, A., Sluiter, N., Tuynman, J., Blok, R., Comert, D., Hompes, R., Kalff, M., Stellingwerf, M. E., Tanis, P., van Berge Henegouwen, M., van Praag, E. M., Wisselink, D., Gerhards, M., Lopes Cardozo, J., Westerduin, E., de Jonge, J., van Geloven, A., van Schilt, K., den Boer, F., Stoots, S., Vlek, S., Adams, J., Al-Busaidi, I. S., Budd, G., Choi, S. I., Chu, M. J. J., Ganugapati, A., Mckinstry, L., Pascoe, R., Richards, S., Rosser, K., Stevenson, A., White, R., Farik, S., Kwun, J., Murad, A., Cowan, S., Hall, T., Hayton, M., Malam Sani, L., Oumarou Garba, S., Amadou Magagi, I., Habou, O., Aliyu, H., Daniyan, M., Sholadoye, T. T., Abdullahi, L., Anyanwu, L. -J., Mohammad Mohammad, A., Muhammad, A. B., Sheshe, A. A., Suleiman, I., Adesina, A., Awolowo, A., Onuoha, C., Salami, O., Taiwo, O., Taiwo, A., Kache, S., Makama, J. G., Sale, D., Abiola, O., Ajao, A., Ajiboye, A., Etonyeaku, A., Olaogun, J., Adebanjo, A., Adesanya, O., Afolayan, M. O., Balogun, O., Makanjuola, A., Nwokocha, S., Ojewola, R. W., Olajide, T. O., Aderounmu, A., Adesunkanmi, A. -R., Agbakwuru, A., Akeem Aderogba, A., Alatise, O. I., Arowolo, O., Lawal, O., Mohammed, T., Ndegbu, C., Olasehinde, O., Wuraola, F., Akinkuolie, A., Mosanya, A., Ayandipo, O., Elemile, P., Lawal, T. A., Ali SANI, S., Garba, S., Hauwa SANI, R., Olori, S., Onyebuashi, H., Umoke, I., Adenuga, A., Adeyeye, A., Habeeb, O., Lawal, B., Nasir, A., Aahlin, E. K., Kjonas, D., Myrseth, E., Abbasy, J., Alvi, A., Saleem, O., Afzal, A., Nazir, A., Farooq, M., Liaqat, A., Naqi, S. A., Raza, A., Sarfraz, M., Sarwar, M., Banglani, M., Munir, A., Sehrish, R., Ayub, B., Sayyed, R., Altaf, A., Ayub, S., Saeed, K., Syed, B., Akbar, S. A., Anwer, A. W., Khan, R. N., Khan, A. I., Khattak, S., Mohtasham, S., Parvaiz, M. A., Syed, A. A., Ansari, A. B., Shahzad, N., Khaliq, T., Rashid, I., Waqar, S. H., Abu Al-saleem, H., Abu Alqumboz, A., Alqadi, M., Amro, A., Assa, R., Awesat, E., Ayyad, R., Hammad, M., Haymony, A., Hijazi, B., Hmeidat, B., Lahaseh, R., Qawasmi, A., Rajabi, A., Shehada, M., Shkokani, S., Yaghi, Y., Yaghi, N., Alzohour, M., Farid, M., Habes, Y. M., Juba, W., Nubani, Y., Rabee, A., Sa'Deh, M., Abed, S., Al basos, I., Alswerki, M., Ashour, D., Awad, I., Diab, S., El Jamassi, A., El-Kahlout, S., Elhout, S., Hajjaj, A. N. K., Hasanain, D., Nabil hajjaj, B., Obaid, M., Saikaly, E., Salhi, A., Al-Tammam, H., Almasri, M., Baniowda, M., Beshtawi, D., Horoub, A., Misk, R., Mohammad, B., Qasrawi, R., Sholi, T., Abu-Nimeh, S., Abu-srour, A., Abukhalaf, S. A., Adawi, S., Alsalameh, B., Ayesh, K., Elqadi, M., Hammouri, A., Karim Mustafa, F., Marzouqa, N., Melhem, S., Miqdad, D., Mohamad, B., Rawhi, M., Abu Ahammala, A. B., Abu Ataya, A., Abu Jayyab, I., Al-Shwaikh, S., Alagha, O., Alasttal, M., Awadallah, H., Elblbessy, M., Fares, J., Jarbou, A., Mahfouz, I., Albahnasawi, M. A., Abo mahadi, A., Abuelhatal, H., Abuelqomboz, A., Almoqayyad, A., Alwali, A., Balaawi, R., Hamouda, M., Humeid, M., Jedyan, A., Mahmoud Abu hamam, T., Matar, G., Salem, A. L., Samra, T., Shaheen, N., Shihada, K., A. Nemer, A., Abu Al Amrain, M., Abu Alamrain, A., Abu Jamie, N., Abu-Rous, M. R., Alfarra, N., Altaweel, M., Alwhaidi, N., Hamed, R., Saqqa, B., Shaheen, A., Aljaber, D., Aljaberi, L., Alwaheidi, M., Jawaada, A., Khaldi, H., Qahoush, R., Qari, J., Saadeh, R., Salim, A., Yacoub, A., Abbas, A., Abu shua'ib, R., Abu Zainah, B., Abusirrees, M., Babaa, B., Barhoush, O., Belal qadomi, A., Daraghmeh, L., Haji, R., Khatatbeh, A., Khatib, L., Qarariah, S., Quzmar, Y., Safadi, K., Salameh, R., Hassan, M., Herzallah, S., Massad, L., Nazzal, A., Nazzal, R., Escobar, D., Machain V, G. M., Rodriguez Gonzalez, A., Chachaima Mar, J. E., Chinchihualpa Paredes, N. O., Cuba, V., Lopez, W., Niquen Jimenez, M. M., Sanchez Bartra, N. A., Sapallanay Ojeda, O., Sequeiros, D., Toscano Pacheco, A., Vergara, M., Abarca, S., Alcorta, R., Borda-Luque, G., Eusebio Zegarra, I. E., Lujan Lopez, C., Marrufo, M., Mogrovejo, C., Nomura, A., Rodriguez Angeles, Y., Vidal Meza, M. R., Zavala, G., Castillo Arrascue, J. N., Hidrogo Cabrera, J. C., Larrea vera, J. J. M., Osorio, M., Ylatoma Diaz, E. A., Fontanilla, M. A., Fuentes, J. R., Salazar, A. L., Dominguez, G., Lopez, M. P., Macalindong, S., Onglao, M. A., Ramirez, A., Sacdalan, M. D., Tampo, M. M., Uy, G. L., Mangahas, J., Yabut, K., Canete, J. P., Cansana, B. E., Castro, E. J., Lipana, M. K., Roxas, M. F., Zara, V. 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I., Veiga, D., Azevedo, J., Cardoso Louro, H., Leite, M., Bairos Menezes, M., Gama, B., Brito, D., Cruz Martins, M. C., Graca e Magalhaes, A., Longras, A. C., Lourenco, R., Matos, D., Castro, L., Policarpo, F., Romano, J., Monteiro, C., Pinto, D., Duarte, M., Fortuna Martins, S., Oliveira, M., Galvao, D., Martins, L., Silva, A., Taranu, V., Vieira, B., Neves, J., Oliveira, S., Ribeiro, H., Cinza, M., Felix, R., Machado, A., Oliveira, J., Patricio, J., Pedroso de Lima, R., Pereira, M., Rocha Melo, M., Velez, C., Abreu da Silva, A., Claro, M., Costa Santos, D., Ferreira, A., Capote, H., Rosado, D., Tare, F., Nogueira, O., Angelo, M., Baiao, J. M., Guimaraes, A., Marques, J., Nico Albano, M., Silva, M., Valente da Costa, A., Vieira Caroco, T., Almeida Braga, S., Capunge, I., Fragoso, M., Guimaraes, J., Pinto, B., Ribeiro, J., Angel, M., Fialho, G., Guerrero, M., Campos Costa, F., Cardoso, D., Cardoso, V., Alves, M., Estalagem, I., Louro, T., Marques, C., Martelo, R., Morgado, M., Canotilho, R., Correia, A. M., Martins, P., Peyroteo, M., Gomes, J., Monteiro, R., Romano, M., Alves, D. M., Peixoto, R., Quintela, C., Jervis, M. J., Melo, D., Pacheco, A., Paixao, V., Pedro, V., Pimenta, J., Pimenta de Castro, J., Rocha, A., Beuran, M., Ciubotaru, C., Diaconescu, B., Hostiuc, S., Negoi, I., Stoica, B., Na, N. A., Anokhin, E., Kuznetsov, G., Oganezov, G., Paramzin, F., Romanova, E., Rutkovskii, V., Shushval, M., Zabiyaka, M., Dzhumabaev, K., Ivanov, V., Mamedli, Z., Achkasov, S., Balkarov, A., Nabiev, E., Nagudov, M., Rybakov, E., Saifutdinova, K., Sushkov, O., Joseph, L., Ndayishimiye, I., Faustin, N., Mutabazi, A. Z., Mvukiyehe, J. P., Nsengimana, V. J. P., Uwakunda, C., Abbas, M. M., Akeel, N., Aljiffry, M., Awaji, K., Farsi, A., Jamjoum, G., Khoja, A., Maghrabi, A., Malibary, N., Nassif, M., Saleem, A., Sultan, A., Tashkandi, W., Tashkandi, H., Trabulsi, N., Ba, M. B., Diallo, A. C., Ndong, A., Cuk, V., Jankovic, U., Koh, S. Z., Koh, F., Lee, K. C., Lee, K. Y., Lee, S., Leong, W. Q., Lui, S. A., Prakash, P., Grosek, J., Norcic, G., Tomazic, A., Fitchat, N., Jaich, R., Wineberg, D., Koto, M. Z., Baiocchi, D., Clarke, D., Steenkamp, C. J., Bannister, S., Boutall, A., Chinnery, G., Coccia, A., Dell, A., Karjiker, P., Kloppers, C., Loxton, N., Mabogoane, T., Malherbe, F., Panieri, E., Rayamajhi, S., van Wyngaard, T., Warden, C., Madiba, T. E., Pillay, N., Brooks, S., Kruger, C., Van Der Merwe, L. H., Gool, F., Kariem, M., Bougard, H., Kariem, N., Noor, F., Pillay, R., Steynfaardt, L., Gonzalez Gonzalez, L., Marin Santos, J. M., Martin-Borregon, P., Martinez Caballero, J., Nevado Garcia, C., Rodriguez Fraga, P., De Castro Parga, G., Fernandez Veiga, M. P., Garrido Lopez, L., Infante Pino, H., Lages Cal, I., Lopez Otero, M., Nogueira Sixto, M., Paniagua Garcia Senorans, M., Rodriguez Fernandez, L., Ruano Poblador, A., Rufo Crespo, E., Sanchez-Santos, R., Vigorita, V., Alonso Batanero, E., Asnel, D., Cifrian Canales, I., Contreras Saiz, E., De Santiago Alvarez, I., Diaz Vico, T., Fernandez Arias, S., Fernandez Martinez, D., Garcia Bernardo, C., Garcia Florez, L. J., Garcia Gutierrez, C., Garcia Munar, M., Marquez Zorrilla Molina, C. A., Merayo, M., Michi Campos, J. L., Moreno Gijon, M., Otero-Diez, J. L., Rodicio Miravalles, J. L., Solar-Garcia, L., Suarez Sanchez, A., Truan, N., Alejandre Villalobos, C., Caballero Diaz, Y., Jimenez, M., Montesdeoca, D., Navarro-Sanchez, A., Vega, V., Beltran de Heredia, J., Gomez, Z., Jezieniecki, C., Legido Moran, A. 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P., Cagigas Fernandez, C., Castanedo Bezanilla, S., Estevez Tesouro, J., Fernandez-Diaz, M. J., Garcia Cardo, J., Gomez Ruiz, M., Gonzalez-Tolaretxipi, E., Jimeno Fraile, J., Poch, C., Rodriguez-Aguirre, M., Troche Pesqueira, N., Trugeda-Carrera, M. S., de la Torre, J., Blanco-Colino, R., Espin-Basany, E., Espinosa-Bravo, M., Morales Comas, C., Reyes Afonso, E., Rivero Deniz, J., Siso Raber, C., Verdaguer Tremolosa, M., Chandrasinghe, P., Kumarage, S., Wijekoon Arachchilage, N., Abdalla Ahmed Elkamel, A., A. Adam, M., Blomme, N., Thorell, A., Wogensen, F., Alga, A., Ansarei, D., Celebioglu, F., Heinius, G., Nigard, L., Pieniowski, E., Ahlqvist, S., Bjorklund, I., Franberg, A., Hakansson, M., Adamo, K., Franklin, O., Sund, M., Wiberg, R., Andersson, Y., Chabok, A., Nikberg, M., Kugelberg, A., Canonica, C., Christoforidis, D., Fasolini, F., Gaffuri, P., Giuliani, M., Meani, F., Popeskou, S. G., Pozza, S., Wandschneider, W., Peterer, L., Widmer, L. 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K., Rencuzogullari, A., Isik, A., Leventoglu, S., Yalcinkaya, A., Yuksel, O., Kalayci, M. U., Kara, Y., Sarici, I. S., Akin, A., Alemdag, G. N., Arslan, E., Baki, B. E., Bodur, M. S., Calik, A., Candas Altinbas, B., Cihanyurdu, I., Erkul, O., Gul, B., Guner, A., Kose, B., Semiz, A., Sevim, S., Tayar, S., Tomas, K., Tufek, O. Y., Turkyilmaz, S., Ulusahin, M., Usta, A., Yildirim, R., Guler, S. A., Tatar, O. C., Varol, E., Kirimtay, B., Uysal, M., Yildiz, A., Kose, E., Ciftci, A. B., Colak, E., Eraslan, H., Kucuk, G. O., Yemez, K., Lule, H., Bienfait, M., Bua, E., Okalany, N., Basarab, M., Bielosludtsev, O., Kolhanova, K., Perepelytsia, K., Romanukha, K., Savenkov, D., Siryi, S., Tereshchenko, M., Viacheslav, N., Volovetskyi, A., Kebkalo, A., Tryliskyy, Y., Tyselskiy, V., Bruce, E., Chow, B. L., Iddles, E., Mcguckin, S., Newall, N., Ramsay, G., Sharma, P., Stewart, C., Wong, J., Badran, A., Bath, M., Belais, F., Butt, E., Joshi, K., Kapur, M., Shaw, M., Townson, A., Williams, C. Y. K., Gray, T., Greig, R., Husain, M., Murray, E., Mustafa, A., Asif, A., Gokul, A., Shah, M., Akitikori, M. T., Charalabopoulos, A., Davidson, S., Mcnally, S., Rupani, S., Juma, F., Mills, S. C., Muirhead, L., Sellars, K., Walsh, U., Warren, O., Chambers, A., Hunt, R., Boyce, S., Cornwall, H., Tol, I., Argyriou, E. O., Eardley, N., Povey, M., Aithie, J. M. S., Irfan, A., Mcguigan, M. -C., Starr, R., Warren, C. R., Archibald, J., Kirby, G., Kisyov, I., Khoo, C. K., Lee, R., Photiou, D., Davis, R., Prasad, U., Yang, P. Z., Bird, J., Leung, E., Summerour, V., Currow, C., Kiam, J., Tan, G. J. S., Muthusami, A., Pegba-Otemolu, I., Urbonas, T., Nunoo-Mensah, J., Smolskas, E., Boddy, A., Gravante, G., Hunter, D., Andrew, D., Koh, A., Thompson, A., Adams, L., Clements, H. 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Korkolis, Dimitrios, Gkiokas, Georgios, Pantiora, Eirini, Theodosopoulos, Theodosios, Ioannidis, Argyrios, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos, Konstantinidou, Sofia, Machairas, Nikolaos, Paspala, Anna, Prodromidou, Anastasia, Chouliaras, Christos, Papadopoulos, Konstantinos, Baloyiannis, Ioannis, Mamaloudis, Ioannis, Tzovaras, George, Akrida, Ioanna, Argentou, Maria-Ioanna, Germanos, Stylianos, Iliopoulos, Evangelos, Maroulis, Ioannis, Skroubis, George, Theofanis, George, Chatzakis, Christos, Ioannidis, Orestis, Loutzidou, Lydia, Karathanasis, Panagiotis, Michalopoulos, Nikolaos, Theodoropoulos, Charalampos, Theodorou, Dimitrios, Triantafyllou, Tania, Garoufalia, Zoe, Hasemaki, Natasha, Kontos, Michalis, Kouraklis, Gregory, Kykalos, Stylianos, Liakakos, Theodore, Mpaili, Eustratia, Papalampros, Alexandros, Schizas, Dimitrios, Syllaios, Athanasios, Tampaki, Ekaterini Christina, Tsimpoukelis, Antonios, Antonopoulou, Maria Ioanna, Deskou, Eirini, Manatakis, Dimitrios K, Papageorgiou, Dimitrios, Zoulamoglou, Menelaos, Anthoulakis, Christos, Margaritis, Michalis, Nikoloudis, Nikolaos, Campo, Veronica, Ceballos, André, Flores, Mario-Andrés, Giron, Waleska, Ko, Donghyun, Martinez, Gabriel, Rivera Lara, Verónica, Rueda, Nataly, Sanchez, Andres, Tejeda Garrido, Jorge Carlos Guillermo, Alvarez Rivera, Alvaro Eduardo, Bamaca Ixcajoc, Elvis Benjamin, Barreda Zelaya, Lilian Elizabeth, Chacòn-Herrera, Patricia, Corea Ruiz, Ligia Margarita, Echeverria-Davila, Guillermo, Garcia, Mario, García, Danilo, Gutiérrez Mayen, Edgar Fernando, José, Noriega, Mazariegos, Nery, Méndez, Diego, Paniagua Espinoza, Michael, Bardos, David, Benke, Marton, Illes, Kristof, Kokas, Balint András, Szabó, Réka, Appukuttan, Akhila, Asok, Anjitha, D K, Vijaykumar, Malik, Kapil, Ravishankaran, Praveen, Tapkire, Ritesh, Moorthy, Guru, Abraham, Joyner, Muthuvel, Ramesh, Alapatt, John, Kattepur, Abhay, Pareekutty, Nizamudheen, Garod, Mebanshanbor, Harris, Caleb, Wanniang, Cliff, Gupta, Ashish, Nehra, Deepak, Parshad, 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Tanna, Varghese, Shriya, Alherz, Mohammad, Ather, Muaaz, Bajilan, Mohammad, Graziadei, Vivien, Pilkington, Isobel, Quidwai, Omar, Ridgway, Paul, Shiwani, Haaris, Tahir, Abd Al-Rahman, Blunnie, Eimear, Burke, Daniel, Kennedy, Niall, Macdonagh, Kate, O'Neill, Maeve, Rooney, Siobhan, Falco, Giuseppe, Ferrari, Guglielmo, Mele, Simone, Nita, Gabriela Elisa, Ugoletti, Lara, Zizzo, Maurizio, Confalonieri, Gianmaria, Pesenti, Giovanni, Tagliabue, Fulvio, Baronio, Gianluca, Ongaro, Deborah, Pata, Giacomo, Compagnoni, Bruno, Salvadori, Renato, Taglietti, Lucio, D'Alessandro, Nicola, Di Lascio, Pierpaolo, Pascale, Giovanni, Bortolasi, Luca, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Carlini, Massimo, Lisi, Giorgio, Lombardi, Davide, Pedrazzani, Corrado, Spoletini, Domenico, Turri, Giulia, Violi, Paola, Altomare, Donato Francesco, Aquilino, Fabrizio, Musa, Nicola, Papagni, Vincenzo, Picciariello, Arcangelo, Vincenti, Leonardo, Andreotti, Dario, Occhionorelli, Savino, Tondo, Matteo, Basso, Stefano Maria Massimiliano, Cirelli, Riccardo, Maino, Marco Enrico Mario, Piozzi, Guglielmo Niccolò, Picone, Emanuele, Scaramuzzo, Rosa, Sinibaldi, Giovanni, Amendola, Alfonso, Anastasio, Lorenzo, Bucci, Luigi, Caruso, Emanuele, Castaldi, Antonio, Di Maso, Sara, Dinuzzi, Vincenza Paola, Esposito, Giovanni, Gaudiello, Maria, Giglio, Mariano Cesare, Greco, Paola Antonella, Luglio, Gaetano, Manfreda, Andrea, Marra, Ester, Mastella, Federica, Pagano, Gianluca, Peltrini, Roberto, Pepe, Vincenzo, Sacco, Michele, Sollazzo, Viviana, Spiezio, Giovanni, Cianchetti, Ettore, Menduni, Nunzia, Carvello, Michele Maria, Di Candido, Francesca, Spinelli, Antonino, Corsi, Fabio, Sorrentino, Luca, Marino, Fabio, Asti, Emanuele Luigi Giuseppe, Bonavina, Luigi, Rausa, Emanuele, Asta, Martina, Belli, Andrea, Bianco, Francesco, Cervone, Carmela, Delrio, Paolo, Falato, Armando, Fares Bucci, Andrea, Guarino, Rita, Pace, Ugo, Rega, Daniela, De Luca, Emilia, Gallo, Gaetano, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sena, Giuseppe, Vescio, Giuseppina, Santandrea, 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Miqdad, Dima, Mohamad, Balqees, Rawhi, Mhammed, Abu Ahammala, Ayman B, Abu Ataya, Ahmed, Abu Jayyab, Israa, Al-Shwaikh, Samar, Alagha, Othman, Alasttal, Mohammed, Awadallah, Haneen, Elblbessy, Mahmood, Fares, Jehad, Jarbou, Akram, Mahfouz, Ibtisam, Albahnasawi, Moath A, Abo Mahadi, Asmaa', Abuelhatal, Hasan, Abuelqomboz, Ayham, Almoqayyad, Abdelrahman, Alwali, Abdallah, Balaawi, Reem, Hamouda, Mahmoud, Humeid, Mohammed, Jedyan, Abdullah, Mahmoud Abu Hamam, Tasneem, Matar, Ghadeer, Salem, Ali, Samra, Tahani, Shaheen, Nureddin, Shihada, Karam, A Nemer, Ayoob, Abu Al Amrain, Mahmoud, Abu Alamrain, Abdulwhhab, Abu Jamie, Najlaa, Abu-Rous, Mohammed R, Alfarra, Nada, AlTaweel, Mohammed, Alwhaidi, Noor, Hamed, Ramadan, Saqqa, Bader, Shaheen, Ahmad, Aljaber, Dana, Aljaberi, Loay, Alwaheidi, Malak, Jawaada, Assef, Khaldi, Hani, Qahoush, Rami, Qari, Jalil, Saadeh, Rana, Salim, Ahlam, Yacoub, Aseel, Abbas, Abbas, Abu Shua Ib, Rana, Abu Zainah, Baraa, AbuSirrees, Mahmoud, Babaa, Basheer, Barhoush, 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Willemin, Melissa, Rayya, Fadi, Ayash, Mohammad, Msouti, Raneem, Kannas, Israa, Abazid, Eias, Esper, Asil, Slim, Skander, Kavcar, Akil Serdar, Aytac, Erman, Dural, Ahmet Cem, Ilker, Ayse, Eray, Ismail Cem, Kurnaz, Eray, Altiner, Saygin, Tepe, Mustafa Deniz, Sahin, Can, Savli, Evrim, Innocent, Aryon, Babirye, Lilian, Diachenko, Andrii, Hordoskiy, Vladislav, Curry, Heather, Chau, Charlene Yat Che, Robertson, Harry, Mahmoud, Arin, Lennon, Hannah, Loi, Lynette, Kirkham, Emily, McCann, Cameron, Watts, Daniel, Gurung, Binay, Wilson, Michael, Tribedi, Thomas, Garofalo, Eleonora, Zahra, Baryab, MacDonald, Scott, Daniels, Ian, Ng, Nathan, Khosla, Shivun, Olivier, James, Yue, Sum Yu Pansy, Suresh, Gayathri, Wellington, Jack, Lorejo, Emmanuel, Mossaad, Mafdi, Crutcher, Madison, Alimi, Marjan, Baiu, Ioana, Abdou, Hossam, Conway, Alison, Peck, Connor, Perdomo Perez, Mauro Andres, Zulu, Stanley, Nakazwe, Mildred, Burger, Sule, Davies, Justine, Donaldson, Rachel, Ede, Chikwendu, Garden, O James, Lesetedi, Chiapo, Mabedi, Charles, Magill, Laura, Makinde Alakaloko, Felix, Makupe, Alex, Monahan, Mark, Mulira, Soloman, Muller, Elmi, Musowoyo, Jospeh, Olory-Togbe, Jean Léon, Roberts, Tracey, Smith, Martin, Tayler, Viki, Windsor, John, Yepez, Raul, Sundar, Sudha, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Verjee, Azmina, Chen, José, Daya, Leonid, El Aroussi, Nouhaila, Farina, Valeria, Gnintedeme Olivier, Tchianze, Gonzales Nacarino, Mauricio, Hammani, Aamr, Honjo, Sarah, Jacobs, Rebecca, Kimura, Hitomi, Nkoronko, Mugisha, Oscullo Yepez, Jasson Javier, Pin Hung, Wei, Raj, Ankit, Romani Pozo, Alina, Rommaneh, Muna, Sassamela Fabiano, Samuel Chimbioputo, Shiroma Gago, Camila Milagros, Srinivas, Abhishekh, Sung, Chia-Yen, Tai, Aswan, Valle Aranda, Yener Cristyell, Venturini, Sara, and Wilguens Lartigue, Jean
Subjects: Pediatrics, Colorectal cancer, IMPACT, Disease, Colorectal Neoplasm, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cancer, surgery, postoperative mortality, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, General Medicine, DISEASES, Income, cancer surgery, Colorectal Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasm, Cohort study, Human, Adult, Developed Countrie, medicine.medical_specialty, Global surgery, General surgery, International multicentre study, Cancer surgery, Breast Neoplasms, Department of Error, NO, Developing Countrie, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, Stomach Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, Developing Countries, Neoplasm Staging, business.industry, Developed Countries, Odds ratio, CARE, medicine.disease, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, Prospective Studie, Postoperative Complication, business
Abstract: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Background: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit.
Published: 2021

13. Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17

Author: Joseph Frostad, Eirini Skiadaresi, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Aleksandra Barac, Simon I. Hay, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, David L. Smith, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Brigette F. Blacker, Nuworza Kugbey, Bineyam Taye, Carlo La Vecchia, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Benny Antony, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Eduarda Fernandes, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Turki Alanzi, Amir Jalali, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Daniel Asmelash, Manu Raj Mathur, Jai K Das, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Sachin R Atre, Tomislav Mestrovic, Rajeev Gupta, Smita Pakhale, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Quynh Anh P. Nguyen, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Chi Linh Hoang, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Manfred Accrombessi, Christopher J L Murray, Ninuk Hariyani, Ken Lee Chin, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Mohammad Fareed, Mustafa Z. Younis, Navid Rabiee, Osayomwanbo Osarenotor, Brian J. Hall, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Daniel Diaz, Salman Rawaf, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Sonia Lewycka, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Hagos Degefa Hidru, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Shai Linn, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Thomas Pilgrim, Alessandra C. Goulart, Ravi Prakash Jha, Norberto Perico, Sergio I. Prada, Ted R. Miller, Rebecca Ivers, Habib Benzian, David C. Schwebel, Milena Ilic, Siddhesh Zadey, Davide Rasella, Hedayat Abbastabar, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Kinley Wangdi, Ritesh G. Menezes, Jost B. Jonas, Dian Kusuma, Molly K. Miller-Petrie, Savita Lasrado, Goura Kishor Rath, Lalit Dandona, Farshad Farzadfar, Georgy Lebedev, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Aniruddha Deshpande, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Praveen Hoogar, Fares Alahdab, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Ambrish Singh, Fatemeh Rajati, Sonali Kochhar, Amir Khater, Ali Almasi, Juanita A. Haagsma, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Rajesh Sharma, Abel Fekadu Dadi, Sezer Kisa, Arash Etemadi, Zubair Kabir, Aslam Pervaiz, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Syed Ather Hussain, Mohsen Mazidi, Hamidreza Komaki, Reza Shirkoohi, Alex Yeshaneh, Faris Lami, Maha El Tantawi, Yunquan Zhang, Hamidreza Haririan, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Tissa Wijeratne, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Bahram Mohajer, Christiane Dolecek, Vinay Nangia, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Usman Iqbal, Nataliya A. Foigt, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Workua Mekonnen Metekiya, Chuanhua Yu, Elizabeth A. Cromwell, Pascual R. Valdez, Jennifer Rickard, Masoud Moradi, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Getasew Taddesse Worku, Dinh-Toi Chu, Claudiu Herteliu, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul, Mostafa Leili, Gebrehiwot G. Kassa, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Ester Cerin, Bahram Armoon, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Shafiu Mohammed, Alexandria Brown, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Abbas Mosapour, Bach Xuan Tran, Lal B. Rawal, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mohamed M. Gad, Eugenio Traini, Aisha Elsharkawy, David M. Pigott, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Reza Malekzadeh, Ahmad Daryani, Olatunde Aremu, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Derrick A Bennett, Oladimeji M. Adebayo, Bogdan Oancea, Jagdish Khubchandani, Sandra B. Munro, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de Goulart, Daniel Adane Endalew, Davide Guido, Alyssa N. Sbarra, Kerrie E. Doyle, Olalekan A. Uthman, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Zemichael Gizaw, Muhammad Usman, Farzaneh Ghazi Sherbaf, MohammadBagher Shamsi, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Aziz Eftekhari, André Karch, Narinder Pal Singh, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Meysam Behzadifar, Amira Hamed Darwish, Soufiane Boufous, Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh, Frank B. Osei, Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh, Zahid A Butt, Paulina A. Lindstedt, Gregory M. Garcia, Balbir Bagicha Singh, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Genet Melak Alamene, Andem Effiong, André Faro, Amit Arora, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Dhirendra N Sinha, Amir Kasaeian, Ali Kabir, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Hosni Salem, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Akhil Soman ThekkePurakkal, Anwar Ahmed, Tanuj Kanchan, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Daniel J. Weiss, Ziad El-Khatib, Jorge Cano, Javad Nazari, Ashish Pathak, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Nuruzzaman Khan, Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Serge Resnikoff, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye, Harish Chander Gugnani, Ali S. Akanda, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Vivekanand Jha, Abdu A. Adamu, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Mohsen Afarideh, Tiffany K. Gill, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Oliver J. Brady, Ebrahim Babaee, Takahiro Tabuchi, Alebachew Fasil, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Marwa Rashad Salem, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Paula Moraga, J. Car, Hoa Thi Do, Samad Azari, hawariat, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Michelle L. Bell, Mohamed I Hegazy, Mehedi Hasan, Mamusha Aman Hussen, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Santi Martini, Vishnu Renjith, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Chabila C Mapoma, Aubrey J. Levine, Solomon Gedlu Nigatu, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Anh Kim Dang, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Doris D. V. Ortega-Altamirano, Kala M. Mehta, Boris Bikbov, Assefa Desalew, Carsten Flohr, Yahya Safari, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Mohammad Moradi-Joo, Jan-Walter De Neve, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Julia Moreira Pescarini, Saeed Amini, Mehdi Ahmadi, Benjamin Uzochukwu, Anas M. Saad, Robert C. Reiner, Ammar Albujeer, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Teferi Mekonnen, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Irina Filip, Ali Yadollahpour, Ali Kiadaliri, Hamed Zandian, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Nader Jahanmehr, Yuming Guo, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Paramjit Gill, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Nicole Davis Weaver, Surendra Karki, Masoud Behzadifar, Vo Dinh Bay, Giang Hai Ha, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, In-Hwan Oh, Puja C Rao, Van Charles Lansingh, Kewal Krishan, Hany Aref, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Shymaa Enany, Ayman Grada, Amador Goodridge, Salvatore Rubino, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Maheswar Satpathy, Amir Radfar, Aparna Lal, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Mehdi Naderi, Siavash Rahimi, Animut Alebel, Mohammad Rabiee, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Sojib Bin Zaman, Alem Girmay, Ansariadi Ansariadi, Abdallah M. Samy, Mario Poljak, G Anil Kumar, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Andrew S. Azman, Ronny Westerman, Thomas R. Hird, Themba G. Ginindza, Babak Moazen, Feleke Gebremeskel W, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Shally Awasthi, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Roman Topor-Madry, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Kamarul Imran Musa, Hebat Allah Salah A. Yousof, Afsaneh Arzani, Yousef Veisani, Farshad Pourmalek, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Ayesha Humayun, Michael Tamene Haile, Kiomars Sharafi, Wasiq Faraz Rawasia, Zoubida Zaidi, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Mohammad Zamani, Takeshi Fukumoto, Masoud Foroutan, Noore Alam, Simin Mouodi, Miliva Mozaffor, Khanh Bao Tran, Farnam Mohebi, Sanjay Basu, Robert L. Thompson, Behzad Heibati, Santosh Varughese, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Neeraj Bedi, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Gabriel Martinez, Getinet Ayano, Farah Daoud, Konrad Pesudovs, Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon, Tukur Dahiru, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Andualem Henok, Mina Anjomshoa, Rovshan Khalilov, Ai Koyanagi, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Navid Manafi, Yousef Mohammad, Keivan Ahmadi, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Binaya Chalise, Masood Ali Shaikh, Joan B. Soriano, Victor Adekanmbi, Seid Tiku Mereta, Delia Hendrie, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Si Si, Manasi Kumar, Netsanet Fentahun, Amira Shaheen, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Ben Lacey, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, K M Shivakumar, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Dessalegn Ajema Berbada, Yahya Salimi, Adnan Kisa, Hisham Atan Edinur, Benn Sartorius, Kate E. LeGrand, Azadeh Shafieesabet, Richard C. Franklin, Dara K. Mohammad, Naznin Hossain, Mona M. Khater, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Natalie Maria Cormier, Ghulam Mustafa, Ehsan Sadeghi, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Robert S. Bernstein, Samiah Alam, Duduzile Ndwandwe, Andrew T Olagunju, Obinna Onwujekwe, B. Suresh Kumar Shetty, Behnam Heidari, Arianna Maever L. Amit, John S. Ji, Pushpendra Kumar, Sangram Kishor Patel, Vera Marisa Costa, Yafeng Wang, Irfan Ullah, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Virendra Singh, Tufa Kolola, Mehdi Yaseri, Abdullah Al Mamun, Hilton Y. Lam, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Samath D Dharmaratne, Hajer Elkout, Yoshan Moodley, Linda Morales, Adrian Pana, Nauman Khalid, Hassen Mohammed, Fakher Rahim, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Mika Shigematsu, Bryan L. Sykes, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Platon D. Lopukhov, Marzieh Nojomi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Dessalegn Haile, Mohsen Bayati, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Yasir Waheed, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Tomohide Yamada, Alireza Rafiei, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Ian Pollock, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Anton Sokhan, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Junaid Khan, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Enrico Rubagotti, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Gillian I. Hollerich, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Eleonora Dubljanin, Itamar S. Santos, Wubalem Fekadu, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Florian Fischer, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Nihal Thomas, Alaa Badawi, Amir Hasanzadeh, Nasir Salam, Muhammad Ali, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Marcel Ausloos, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Jae Il Shin, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, Rajesh Sagar, Ahmed Abdelalim, Benjamin K. Mayala, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Shiwei Liu, Soraya Siabani, Jonathan F. Mosser, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Valery L. Feigin, Yuan-Pang Wang, Mathew M. Baumann, Saravanan Muthupandian, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Jasvinder A. Singh, Sebastian Vollmer, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Alan J Thomson, Agus Sudaryanto, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Ahsan Saleem, Ali S. Shalash, Rakhi Dandona, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Ahmed Abualhasan, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Meghnath Dhimal, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Akram Pourshams, Ionut Negoi, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Franz Castro, Nefsu Awoke, Vahid Alipour, Rosario Cárdenas, Mohammad Khazaei, Mitchell T. Wallin, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Sanjay Zodpey, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Ziad A. Memish, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Samer Hamidi, Gbenga A. Kayode, Peter Memiah, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Francesco Saverio Violante, Bartosz Miazgowski, Babak Eshrati, Moses K. Muriithi, Mihiretu Kebede, Mowafa Househ, Monika Sawhney, Preeti Dhillon, Desta Haftu Hayelom, Ajay Patle, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Jaifred Christian F. Lopez, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Arash Ziapour, Paul H. Lee, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Hagos Tasew Atalay, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Aziz Sheikh, Adauto Martins Soares Filho, Eun-Kee Park, Kirsten E. Wiens, Hai Quang Pham, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, G. K. Mini, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Hedley Quintana, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Rajat Das Gupta, Parvaiz A Koul, Edson Serván-Mori, Foad Abd-Allah, Rahul Gupta, Dereje Bayissa Demissie, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Gabrielle B. Britton, Colm McAlinden, Ayenew Negesse Abejie, Mohsen Naghavi, Maarten J. Postma, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Liliana Preotescu, Walter Mendoza, Manfred S. Green, Mahesh P A, Somayeh Bohlouli, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Khaled Khatab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Ali H. Mokdad, Aditya P Dash, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Ghobad Moradi, Ruth W Kimokoti, Jalal Arabloo, Kimberly B. Johnson, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, D. R. Mahadeshwara Prasad, Rufus A. Adedoyin, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Engida Yisma, Azeem Majeed, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Hala Elhabashy, Devasahayam J. Christopher, Malede Mequanent Sisay, Juan Sanabria, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Leonardo Roever, Shishay Wahdey Tekelemedhin, Guoqing Hu, Yousef Khader, Heather J. Zar, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Ali Bijani, Mehdi Sayyah, Shanshan Li, Kebreab Paulos, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Mahya Beheshti, Siamak Sabour, Izza Shahid, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Luca Ronfani, James Albright, Brijesh Sathian, Maciej Banach, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Rahman Shiri, Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Taweewat Wiangkham, Soewarta Kosen, Fernando de la Hoz, Mohammed Shannawaz, Luis Camera, Nevine El Nahas, Paul S. F. Yip, Miguel A Barboza, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Augustine Mwangi Gatotoh, Gurudatta Naik, Kebede Deribe, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, Local Burden of Disease WaSH Collaborator, Violante FS, Public Health, Department of Earth Observation Science, UT-I-ITC-ACQUAL, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, GeoHealth, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Department of Oncology, Yisma, Engida, and Local Burden of Disease WaSH Collaborators
Subjects: Drinking water access, Sanitation, Universal design, Geographic Mapping, Socioeconomic Factor, DISEASE, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, Hygiene, 11. Sustainability, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Public health, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, 1. No poverty, General Medicine, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 6. Clean water, Low-income countries, 3. Good health, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, CHILD GROWTH, TERRITORIES, HYGIENE, Human, 0605 Microbiology, Diarrhea, AFRICA, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, 030231 tropical medicine, Local Burden of Disease WaSH Collaborators, Developing country, Article, Geographical inequalities, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 12. Responsible consumption, Developing Countrie, 03 medical and health sciences, NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS, Environmental health, medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Humans, QUALITY, Sanitation/statistics & numerical data, Open defecation, Improved sanitation, hand washing, Developing Countries, Models, Statistical, Middle-income countries, Drinking Water, lcsh:RA1-1270, Bayes Theorem, GLOBAL BURDEN, diarrheal disease, DIARRHEA, Diarrhea/epidemiology, Local Burden of Disease WaSH Collaborator, Socioeconomic Factors, 0605 Microbiology, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, Business, Human medicine, Sanitation facilities, ITC-GOLD
Abstract: Background: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce highresolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. Findings: Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4–40·7) to 50·3% (50·0–50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1–46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5–29·0) in 2000. Although some units improved access to the safest drinking water or sanitation facilities since 2000, a large absolute number of people continued to not have access in several units with high access to such facilities (>80%) in 2017. More than 253 000 people did not have access to sewer or septic sanitation facilities in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, despite 88·6% (95% UI 87·2–89·7) access overall. Many units were able to transition from the least safe facilities in 2000 to safe facilities by 2017; for units in which populations primarily practised open defecation in 2000, 686 (95% UI 664–711) of the 1830 (1797–1863) units transitioned to the use of improved sanitation. Geographical disparities in access to improved water across units decreased in 76·1% (95% UI 71·6–80·7) of countries from 2000 to 2017, and in 53·9% (50·6–59·6) of countries for access to improved sanitation, but remained evident subnationally in most countries in 2017. Interpretation: Our estimates, combined with geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden, identify where efforts to increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are most needed. By highlighting areas with successful approaches or in need of targeted interventions, our estimates can enable precision public health to effectively progress towards universal access to safe water and sanitation. This work was primarily supported by a grant from the Gates Foundation (OPP1132415). LGA has received support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Finance Code 001), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais. OOA acknowledges the Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation, and DSI/NRF Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch, South Africa. SMAl acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. HTA acknowledges Aksum University. MAu and CH are partly supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. AAz acknowledges funding from the Gates Foundation (OPP1171700). ABad is supported by the Public Health Agency of Canada. TWB was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; the EU; the Wellcome Trust; and from National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of National Institutes of Health (NIH; R01-HD084233), National Institute on Aging of NIH (P01AG041710), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of NIH (R01-AI124389 and R01-AI112339), as well as Fogarty International Center of NIH (D43-TW009775). DABen was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, or the UK Department of Health and Social Care. GBB is supported by Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI) de la Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT) of Panamá. FCar acknowledges UID/ MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 support with funding from FCT/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior through national funds. VMC acknowledges her grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. JDN acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. DBD acknowledges support from the Gates Foundation. KD is supported by a Wellcome Trust grant (number 201900/Z/16/Z) as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. AGo acknowledges Sistema Nacional de Investigadores de Panamá (SNI), Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). CH is partly supported by a grant co-funded by European Fund for Regional Development through the Operational Program for Competitiveness (project ID P_40_382). SMSI is funded by a Fellowship from National Heart Foundation of Australia and Deakin University. MJ and the Serbian part of this GBD contribution was co-funded through grant OI175014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. JK is a recipient of the 2020 Benjamin V Cohen Peace Fellowship from Ball State University Center for Peace and Conflict Studies. YJK’s work was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, grants number XMUMRF/2018-C2/ ITCM/0001. KKr is supported by a DST PURSE grant and UGC Center of Advanced Study awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. BL acknowledges support from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and the British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford. PTNM acknowledges the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa. ANA acknowledges Debre Markos University for its support in-terms of office and internet access while reviewing this paper. AMSam received a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission programme. MMS-M acknowledges the support of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract number 175087). AShi acknowledges the support of Health Data Research UK. MRS acknowledges the Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah university of Medical sciences for their wise advice. JBS is part of Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. RT-S was supported in part by grant PI17/00719 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III–FEDER. BU acknowledges Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. TWij acknowledges the Migraine Foundation Australia and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rajarata, Saliyapura, Anuradhapuraya, Sri Lanka. CSW was supported by the South African Medical Research Council. SBZ received a scholarship from the Australian Government research training program in support of his academic career.
Published: 2020

14. How do energy use and climate change affect Fast-start Finance? A cross country empirical investigation

Author: Renato Passaro, Antonio Thomas, Giuseppe Scandurra, Ivana Quinto, Passaro, R., Quinto, I., Scandurra, G., and Thomas, A.
Subjects: Fast start Finance, climate finance, 020209 energy, Geography, Planning and Development, Climate change, Developing country, TJ807-830, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Climate Finance, TD194-195, 01 natural sciences, Renewable energy sources, Conference of the parties, Fast-start Finance, renewable energy generation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Developing countrie, climate finance, Fast start Finance, developing countries, renewable energy generation, greenhouse emissions, GE1-350, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Finance, Sustainable development, Greenhouse emission, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, developing countries, Environmental sciences, Quantitative analysis (finance), Greenhouse gas, business, Developed country, greenhouse emissions
Abstract: To promote the sustainable development of developing countries through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the impact of anthropogenic activity on the atmosphere, for some decades, developed countries and international institutions provided an increasing amount of climate financing tools, allocated through multiple channels. After the Copenhagen Conference of the Parties (COP15) held in 2009, developed country parties pledged to provide new and additional resources, including forestry and investments, approaching USD 30 billion for the period 2010&ndash, 2012 and with balanced allocation between mitigation and adaptation. This collective commitment has come to be known as &ldquo, Fast-start Finance&rdquo, (FSF). To assess the key factors contributing to the amount and distribution of funding supporting projects using FSF, in this paper, we investigate the relationship between FSF, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions. To this aim, two main analyses were carried out: (i) a qualitative examination of donor&rsquo, s funding strategies and (ii) a quantitative analysis deepening the relationship between climate finance and greenhouse gas emissions by beneficiaries through a quantile regression model. Findings indicate a need to redesign the current aid scheme, and suggest an increasing need for financed projects to support sustainable economic innovation patterns of developing countries while paying close attention to the environmental policy context. The purpose was to provide useful feedback to policymakers to assess the effectiveness of the flow of funding for environmental plans and to avoid excessive aid dispersal and consequently a reduction of the FSF benefits.
Published: 2020

15. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Author: Bixby, Honor, Bentham, James, Zhou, Bin, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Paciorek, Christopher J., Bennett, James E., Taddei, Cristina, Stevens, Gretchen A., Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Khang, Young-Ho, Soric, Maroje, Gregg, Edward W., Miranda, J. Jaime, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Savin, Stefan, Sophiea, Marisa K., Iurilli, Maria L. C., Solomon, Bethlehem D., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Danaei, Goodarz, Bovet, Pascal, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Hambleton, Ian R., Hayes, Alison J., Ikeda, Nayu, Kengne, Andre P., Laxmaiah, Avula, Li, Yanping, McGarvey, Stephen T., Mostafa, Aya, Neovius, Martin, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Agdeppa, Imelda A., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Bo, Lars, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E., Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V., Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V. G., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Rosangela L., Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Biehl, Anna, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J., Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M., Boehm, Bernhard O., Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bopp, Matthias, Borchini, Rossana, Borghs, Herman, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn C. E., Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, Joao, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Brinduse, Lacramioara, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas, Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, Cabrera de Leon, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gamze, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Canete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V., Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carmuega, Esteban, Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Celikcan, Ertugrul, Censi, Laura, Cesar, Juraci A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheng, Yiling J., Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cilia, Michelle, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C., Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crampin, Amelia C., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., Cucu, Alexandra, Cui, Liufu, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T., Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., D'Arrigo, Graziella, Dasgupta, Parasmani, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, De Curtis, Amalia, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, Karin, de Rooij, Susanne R., De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D., Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Dennison, Elaine, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine A., Duda, Rosemary B., Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C., Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Mohammad R., Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Fijalkowska, Anna, Fink, Gunther, Fischer, Krista, Flores, Eric Monterubio, Foeger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera-Juan, Guillem, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Galeone, Daniela, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Geiger, Harald, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Godos, Justyna, Gogen, Sibel, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goltzman, David, Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez, Angel R., Gonzalez-Chica, David A., Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Leon, Margot, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena, Gottrand, Frederic, Graca, Antonio Pedro, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Guo, Xiuhua, Guo, Yin, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A., Haghshenas, Rosa, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hassapidou, Maria, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Heidinger-Felso, Regina, Heinen, Mirjam, Hejgaard, Tatjana, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Hernandez Cadena, Leticia, Herrala, Sauli, Herrera, Victor M., Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G., Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Hopman, Wilma M., Horimoto, Andrea R. 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Krishna, Kunesova, Marie, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Quang Ngoc La, Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Tai Hing Lam, Morovic, Maja Lang, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Latt, Tint Swe, Laugsand, Lars E., Lauria, Laura, Lazo-Porras, Maria, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Le Port, Agnes, Le, Tuyen D., Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lee, Paul H., Lehtimaki, Terho, Lemogoum, Daniel, Levitt, Naomi S., Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Liu, Jing, Loit, Helle-Mai, Lopes, Luis, Lopez, Tania, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Jose Eugenio, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lundqvist, Robert, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. 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A, Plans-Rubió P, Poh BK, Pohlabeln H, Pop RM, Popovic SR, Porta M, Portegies MLP, Posch G, Poulimeneas D, Pouraram H, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Price AJ, Price JF, Puder JJ, Pudule I, Puhakka SE, Puiu M, Punab M, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Quoc Bao T, Radhika MS, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rajkumar H, Rakhmatulloev S, Ramachandra Rao S, Ramachandran A, Ramke J, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rao KM, Rascon-Pacheco RA, Rasmussen M, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Regecová V, Revilla L, Ribas-Barba L, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Rigo F, Rinaldo N, Rinke de Wit TF, Rito A, Ritti-Dias RM, Rivera JA, Robitaille C, Rodrigues D, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez MC, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Roy JGR, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Ruidavets J-B, Ruiz Moreno E, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Russo P, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev HS, Safiri S, Saidi O, Salanave B, Salazar-Martinez E, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sandjaja, Sans S, Santa-Marina L, Santos DA, Santos IS, Santos O, Santos R, Sanz SS, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum K-U, Savva S, Savy M, Scazufca M, Schaffrath Rosario A, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schindler K, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt IM, Schöttker B, Schultsz C, Schutte AE, Sebert S, Sein AA, Selamat R, Sember V, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sequera V, Serra-Majem L, Servais J, Shalnova SA, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shengelia L, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shin DW, Shin Y, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva AM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Si-Ramlee K, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Snijder MB, So H-K, Sobngwi E, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørensen TIA, Sossa Jérome C, Soumaré A, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Stathopoulou MG, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stöckl D, Stocks T, Stokwiszewski J, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Sturua L, Suárez-Medina R, Sun C-A, Sundström J, Sung Y-T, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Swinburn BA, Sy RG, Sylva RC, Szponar L, Tai ES, Tammesoo M-L, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taxová Braunerová R, Taylor A, Tchibindat F, Tebar WR, Tell G, Tello T, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thijs L, Thuesen BH, Tichá L, Timmermans EJ, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Madry R, Tormo MJ, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Toselli S, Traissac P, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tsao Y-H, Tshepo L, Tsigga M, Tsugane S, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen T-P, Tuomilehto J, Turley ML, Tynelius P, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel EE, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Unal B, Uusitalo HMT, Vaitkeviciute J, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Minh H, van Rossem L, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varela-Moreiras G, Varona-Pérez P, Vatten L, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Vineis P, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visser M, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vlasoff T, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Voutilainen A, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wade AN, Wagner A, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wanderley RS, Jr, Wang M-D, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang Y-W, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Weerasekera D, Weghuber D, Wei W, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wijga AH, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong JE, Wong TY, Wong-McClure RA, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu J, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yaseri M, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You S-L, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zaw KK, Zdrojewski T, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zhao D, Zhao W, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zhussupov B, Zimmermann E, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Ezzati M, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, Epidemiology and Data Science, Public and occupational health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and APH - Personalized Medicine
Subjects: Male, Rural Population, obesity, Obesity, body mass index, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Letter, Urban Population, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humanos, body-mass index, adolescente, Geographic Mapping, Sex Factor, países desarrollados, Rural Health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https], systematic analysis, Body Mass Index, países en desarrollo, 80 and over, risk factors, Age Factor, physical-activity, mediana edad, mapeo geográfico, Aged, 80 and over, anciano, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.18 [https], dieta, Age Factors, health, adulto, Middle Aged, Multidisciplinary Sciences, adulto joven, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], estado nutricional, nutrition, Science & Technology - Other Topics, NUTRITION, Female, HEALTH, pooled analysis, Diet, Healthy, worldwide trends, Human, Developed Countrie, Adult, Adolescent, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.04 [https], FOOD SYSTEM, Socio-culturale, Nutritional Status, URBAN, Aged, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Humans, Obesity, Sex Factors, Urban Health, Young Adult, POOLED ANALYSIS, Developing Countrie, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Urban rural Obesity Body-Mass-Index, obesidad, Middle-income countries, food system, urban, weight, Healthy, Science & Technology, índice de masa corporal, Diet, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, WORLDWIDE TRENDS, Risk factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, WEIGHT
Abstract: Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories., This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust. H.B. was supported by a Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship, J.B. by a Royal Society Research Grant, and M.D.C. by an Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard Award. We thank L. Jaacks, B. Popkin, S. Sundberg and W. Willett for recommendations of relevant citations. The authors are responsible for the views expressed in this Letter and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated.
Published: 2019

16. Physical activity correlates among people with psychosis: Data from 47 low- and middle-income countries

Author: Kai G. Kahl, Felipe Barreto Schuch, Joseph Firth, André F. Carvalho, Mats Hallgren, Marco Solmi, Davy Vancampfort, Fiona Gaughran, Nicola Veronese, Ai Koyanagi, Brendon Stubbs, Simon Rosenbaum, Philip B. Ward, Stubbs, B., Vancampfort, D., Firth, J., Hallgren, M., Schuch, F., Veronese, N., Solmi, M., Gaughran, F., Kahl, K.G., Rosenbaum, S., Ward, P.B., Carvalho, A.F., and Koyanagi, A.
Subjects: Male, Health Behavior, Psychological intervention, Psychosis, Global Health, 0302 clinical medicine, Developing countries, Developing countrie, Exercise, Mobility, Psychiatry, Physical activity, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, Psychiatry and Mental Health, Marital status, Anxiety, Female, Biological psychiatry, medicine.symptom, Psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Biological Psychiatry, Psychosi, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, 030227 psychiatry, Cross-Sectional Studies, Psychotic Disorders, Socioeconomic Factors, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography, Diagnosis of schizophrenia
Abstract: Background: People with schizophrenia engage in low levels of physical activity (PA). However, few large-scale studies have investigated the factors that may influence PA participation in individuals with psychosis and data from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is especially scarce. Thus, we investigated PA correlates in a large sample of people with a psychosis diagnosis across 47 LMICs. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the World Health Survey, restricting to those with a self-reported lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia/psychotic disorder, was analyzed. PA was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and participants were dichotomized into those that do and do not (low PA) meet the minimum recommended PA weekly targets (≥ 150 min). A range of socio-demographic, health behavior, and mental and physical health variables were examined using random effects logistic regression. Results: Overall 2407 people (mean 42.0 years, 41.5% males) with schizophrenia/psychosis were included. The prevalence of low PA was 39.2% (95%CI = 37.0%–41.2%). Male sex (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33), increasing age, unemployment (vs. employed OR = 2.50), urban setting (vs. rural OR = 1.75), inadequate fruit consumption (vs. adequate fruit intake OR = 3.03), depression (OR = 1.33), sleep/energy disturbance, and mobility limitations were significantly associated with low PA. Marital status, education, wealth, smoking, vegetable and alcohol consumption, anxiety, cognition, pain, and chronic medical conditions were not significant correlates. Conclusion: PA is influenced by a range of factors among people with psychosis. These correlates should be considered in interventions aiming to facilitate PA in psychotic individuals living in LMICs.
Published: 2018

17. Business model design and firm performance: Evidence of interactive effects from a developing economy

Author: Blendi Gërdoçi, Guido Bortoluzzi, Sidita Dibra, Gerdoçi, Blendi, Dibra, Sidita, and Bortoluzzi, Guido
Subjects: Business model efficiency, media_common.quotation_subject, Performance, Developing country, Sample (statistics), Business model, Developing countries, Empirical research, Management of Technology and Innovation, 0502 economics and business, Developing countrie, Marketing, Industrial organization, Ambidexterity, media_common, 05 social sciences, Multilevel model, Novelty, Business model novelty, Albania, Business model ambidexterity, Service (economics), 050211 marketing, Business, 050203 business & management
Abstract: PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature on business model (BM) design by deepening the relationship between BM design themes and performance in a sample of firms based in a developing country. In particular, the authors deepen the relationship between business model novelty (BMN), business model efficiency (BME), the trade-off between novelty and efficiency – that the authors call BM ambidexterity – and performance.Design/methodology/approachData are drawn from a sample of 107 manufacturing and service firms based in a developing country (Albania). Hierarchical regression is used to assess the impact on firm performance from the two BM design themes and their interaction.FindingsThe authors find novelty-centred BM design is significantly related to firm performance while efficiency-centred design has no direct effect on performance. However, the authors also find that BME positively moderates the relationship between BMN and firm performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe relationship between BM design and firm performance can be better understood if contextualised. In the paper, the authors find that different types of BM designs have different impacts on the performance of firms based in a developing economy. While novelty matters, quite surprisingly the authors find no support for efficiency. Additionally, the authors find the interaction between the two design themes (BM ambidexterity) to have a positive impact on firm performance.Practical implicationsThe surveyed firms based in a developing economy appear to benefit from novelty-centred BM designs. Efficiency-centred designs have a more ambiguous role: while efficiency alone seems not to pay off, an efficient BM design may facilitate the market exploitation of a novel design.Originality/valueThis study responds to a precise call for additional quantitative empirical studies on the relationship between BM and performance. The study also contributes to an emerging stream of research focused on BM ambidexterity.
Published: 2018

18. Seismic-Proof Buildings in Developing Countries

Author: Vittoria Laghi, Martijn Schildkamp, Michele Palermo, Tomaso Trombetti, Laghi V., Palermo M., Trombetti T., and Schildkamp M.
Subjects: Engineering, Earthquake engineering, Corruption, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Developing country, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Civil engineering, 0201 civil engineering, box-type structure, lcsh:HT165.5-169.9, Natural hazard, 021105 building & construction, Forensic engineering, Developing countrie, insulating concrete forms, Built Environment, media_common, business.industry, Frame (networking), Seismic engineering, Building and Construction, Insulating concrete form, developing countries, lcsh:City planning, Urban Studies, numerical modeling, lcsh:TA1-2040, business, seismic-proof buildings, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Abstract: The use of “ductile seismic frames”, whose proper seismic behavior largely depend upon construction details and specific design rules, may do not always lead to effective seismic resistant structures, as dramatically denounced by the famous Chinese artist Ai Weiwei in his artwork Straight. The artwork (96 tons of undulating metal bars that were salvaged from schools destroyed by the 2008 Sichuan, China earthquake, where over 5,000 students were killed) is a clear denounce against the corruption yielding to shoddy construction methods. The issue of safe constructions against natural hazards appears even more important in developing countries where, in most cases, building structures are realized by non-expert workers, or even by simple “people from the street”, who does not have any technical knowledge on construction techniques and seismic engineering. In the present paper, a brief history from the first frame structures to the more efficient wall-based structures is provided within earthquake engineering perspectives. The superior structural properties of box-type wall structures with respect to conventional frame structures envisage a change of paradigm from actual “ductility-based” Earthquake Engineering (centered on frame structures) towards 100% safe buildings through a “strength-based” design exploiting the use of box-type wall based structures.
Published: 2017

19. Product innovation capability, export scope and export experience

Author: Arslanagic kalajdzic, Maja, Balboni, Bernardo, Kadic maglajlic, Selma, BORTOLUZZI, GUIDO, Arslanagic kalajdzic, Maja, Balboni, Bernardo, Kadic maglajlic, Selma, and Bortoluzzi, Guido
Subjects: Developing countrie, Export experience, Developing countries, Export scope, Product innovation capability
Abstract: Purpose By applying the logic of the resource-based view and process-based internationalisation theory, this study aims to provide a better understanding of the effects of product innovation capability on the export scope of firms based in developing countries and the role of export experience as a facilitating mechanism. Design/methodology/approach Using survey data obtained from three developing countries, two main research hypotheses were empirically tested: a quadratic relationship exists between product innovation capability and export scope and export experience has a moderating effect in this relationship. Findings Product innovation capability and export scope have a U-shaped relationship, and export experience exerts a moderating effect. The greater the export experience is, the more the relationship between product innovation and export scope changes, taking on a more inverted U-shaped form. Practical implications Firms based in developing countries need to catch-up on innovation capabilities before being able to succeed in international markets. Managers must be aware that initial investments in product innovation could not pay off immediately and that significant additional efforts might be needed to obtain noteworthy results in terms of international expansion. Originality/value This study is among the first to focus on the curvilinear relationship between product innovation capability and export scope for firms based in developing countries while accounting for the moderating role of firms’ export experience.
Published: 2017

20. Improving women's health in low-income and middle-income countries. Part I: Challenges and priorities

Author: Dina H. Salama, Diana Paez, Neerja Bhatla, Miriam Mikhail, Paola Anna Erba, Joanna Kasznia-Brown, Ravi Kashyap, Giuliano Mariani, Mariani, G, Kasznia-Brown, J, Paez, D, Mikhail, M, Salama, D, Bhatla, N, Erba, P, and Kashyap, R
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, business.industry, Maternal Health, Editorials, MEDLINE, Low income and middle income countries, General Medicine, Developing Countrie, 03 medical and health sciences, Reproductive Health, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Environmental health, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Humans, Women's Health, Medicine, Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomics, business, Radiology, Developing Countries, Poverty, Human
Published: 2017

21. A Base Isolation System for Developing Countries Using Discarded Tyres Filled with Elastomeric Recycled Materials

Author: Giorgio Serino, Salvatore Strano, Andrea Calabrese, Houman Akbari Hadad, Hadad, Houman A., Calabrese, Andrea, Strano, Salvatore, and Serino, Giorgio
Subjects: Materials science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Base (geometry), Recycled Rubber, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Elastomer, 0201 civil engineering, Developing Countrie, Natural rubber, 021105 building & construction, medicine, Fixed base, Civil and Structural Engineering, business.industry, Stiffness, Structural engineering, Building and Construction, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Earthquake shaking table, Base Isolation, medicine.symptom, Base isolation, business, Shaking Table Test, Scrap Tyre
Abstract: This article studies the performance of economic base isolators using tyres filled with elastomeric recycled materials. The research was conducted to analyze base isolators to be used in developing nations, where the application of conventional elastomeric rubber bearings due to economic reasons is limited. The tested isolators are made of kart tyres filled with different recycled elastomeric materials and aggregates. Dynamic and static tests proved acceptable vertical to horizontal stiffness ratio of the bearings and shake table tests showed an excellent enhancement of the base isolated structural response compared to the corresponding fixed base structure.
Published: 2017

22. Moving western neighborliness to east a study on local exchange in Bangladesh

Author: Federico Cabitza, Angela Locoro, Carla Simone, Tunazzina Sultana, Cabitza, F, Locoro, A, Simone, C, and Sultana, T
Subjects: Computer Networks and Communications, Time banks, media_common.quotation_subject, Time accounting system, Developing country, 050801 communication & media studies, Developing countries, Time accounting systems, Underemployment, 0508 media and communications, Software, Human-Computer Interaction, 0502 economics and business, Development economics, Developing countrie, Social media, Sociology, Social science, media_common, Service economy, 05 social sciences, INF/01 - INFORMATICA, Capitalism, Focus group, Time bank, Computer Networks and Communication, Unemployment, 050203 business & management, Qualitative research
Abstract: This paper focuses on the main question whether so- cial media specifically conceived to enable local exchange trading schema can be adopted in different contexts than the western digitized society, where those systems have been considered a feasible alternative to money-based capitalism. We report a qualitative study employing fo- cus groups to study the factors which may affect the adoption of these social media in Bangladesh, a de- veloping country that exhibits characteristics such as strong young unemployment, gender-oriented underem- ployment, aging population, but also a reduced access to the service economy due to the lack of spare time. The benefits of local exchange seem to be particularly fitting the urban and social structure of Bangladesh.
Published: 2016

23. Estimates of first-generation women and girls with female genital mutilation in the European Union, Norway and Switzerland

Author: Els Leye, Livia Elisa Ortensi, Luk Van Baelen, Van Baelen, L, Ortensi, L, Leye, E., and Leye, E
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, female genital cutting, Immigration, Population, prevalence, Reproductive medicine, Developing country, Emigrants and Immigrants, Developing Countrie, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Age Distribution, Circumcision, migrant health, Medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, European Union, European union, education, Developing Countries, Female genital mutilation, media_common, Reproductive health, education.field_of_study, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Norway, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emigrants and Immigrant, Census, Middle Aged, Europe, Reproductive Medicine, Circumcision, Female, Africa, Women's Health, Female, business, Developed country, Switzerland, Demography, Human
Abstract: Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the practice of partial or total removal of female genitalia for non-medical reasons. The procedure has no known health benefits but can cause serious immediate and long-term obstetric, gynaecological and sexual health problems. Health workers in Europe are often unaware of the consequences of FGM and lack the knowledge to treat women adequately. Objective: Our goal was to estimate the number of first-generation girls and women in the European Union, Norway and Switzerland who have undergone FGM. Before migration from FGM-practicing countries began, FGM was an unknown phenomenon in Europe. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from the 2011 EU census and extrapolation from age-specific FGM prevalence rates in the immigrantsâ home countries to these data were used to provide our estimates. Estimates based on census and other demographic data were compared to our results for Belgium. Results: In 2011 over half a million first-generation women and girls in the EU, Norway and Switzerland had undergone FGM before immigration. One in two was living in the UK or France, one in two was born in East-Africa. Conclusions: For the first time, scientific evidence gives a reliable estimate of the number of first-generation women and girls in Europe coming from countries where FGM is practiced. The use of census data proves reliable for policy makers to guide their actions, e.g., regarding training needs for health workers who might be confronted with women who have undergone FGM, or the need for reconstructive surgery
Published: 2016

24. Length of Stay After Childbirth in 92 Countries and Associated Factors in 30 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Compilation of Reported Data and a Cross-sectional Analysis from Nationally Representative Surveys

Author: David Macleod, Lenka Benova, Oona M. R. Campbell, Luca Cegolon, Campbell, O. M. R., Cegolon, L., Macleod, D., and Benova, L.
Subjects: Postnatal Care, Male, Cross-sectional study, Maternal Health, lcsh:Medicine, Marital Statu, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Surveys, Global Health, Pediatrics, Labor and Delivery, 0302 clinical medicine, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Pregnancy, Medicine and Health Sciences, Childbirth, Medicine, Birth Weight, Age Factor, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Cesarean Section, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delivery, Obstetric, Developing Countries, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Length of Stay, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Marital Status, Middle Aged, Midwifery, Multivariate Analysis, Obstetrics, Young Adult, Birth Order, Parturition, Multivariate Analysi, education.field_of_study, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Medicine, Birth order, Obstetric Procedures, Research Design, Physical Sciences, Linear Model, Regression Analysis, Live birth, Infants, Delivery, Statistics (Mathematics), Human, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Logistic Model, Birth weight, Population, Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures, Linear Regression Analysis, Research and Analysis Methods, Developing Countrie, 03 medical and health sciences, Statistical Methods, education, Cross-Sectional Studie, Survey Research, business.industry, lcsh:R, Obstetric, Health Surveys, Age Groups, People and Places, Birth, Women's Health, Multiple birth, Population Groupings, business, Mathematics, Demography
Abstract: Background Following childbirth, women need to stay sufficiently long in health facilities to receive adequate care. Little is known about length of stay following childbirth in low- and middle-income countries or its determinants. Methods and Findings We described length of stay after facility delivery in 92 countries. We then created a conceptual framework of the main drivers of length of stay, and explored factors associated with length of stay in 30 countries using multivariable linear regression. Finally, we used multivariable logistic regression to examine the factors associated with stays that were “too short” (, Oona Campbell and colleagues frame a prediction model for post-partum length of stay and identify factors associated with length of stay in LMIC., Editors' Summary Background The general recommendation to women, especially to women in resource-poor settings (where more than 95% of all maternal and newborn deaths occur), is to give birth in a health facility. How long women and infants should stay after birth, i.e., the appropriate time to discharge, depends on many factors, but it is known that during the first 24 hours after birth mothers and children are at the highest risk of complications and death. During the postpartum stay, the objectives are to monitor maternal and newborn health, and to provide education on breastfeeding and signs for health problems in mothers and infants. WHO recommends that, in resource-poor settings, mothers and newborns stay for a minimum of 24 hours after vaginal birth. Why Was This Study Done? Considerable effort has gone into getting women to give birth in health facilities, and some countries have even made it illegal to give birth at home. However, some reports have suggested that women and infants often spend less than the recommended minimum time after birth in the facility. Actual data on duration of postpartum stays are limited, especially for low- and middle-income countries. This study was done to provide an overview of the reality in all countries for which current data exist, and to explore factors that influence the postpartum length of stay. What Did the Researchers Do and Find? The researchers searched databases and recent health surveys covering multiple countries for data on length of stay after facility births. Data for 40 high- and middle-income countries were available in databases compiled by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) did not report on length of stay, but the researchers used its electronically available datasets to conduct their own analyses for 30 low- and middle-income countries. In addition, two survey programs, the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Reproductive Health Survey (CDC-RHS), reported relevant data on an additional 21 countries and one country, respectively. The 92 countries for which they were able to obtain data included 45 middle-income and ten low-income countries (individual sources provided only some of the data that the researchers were interested in). Across countries, the mean length of stay ranged from 0.5 days (in Egypt) to 6.2 days (in Ukraine) for singleton vaginal births (data available for 71 countries) and from 2.5 days to 9.3 days for cesarean-section deliveries (data available for 30 countries). The UK was the high-income country with the shortest mean length of stay for singleton vaginal births. The percentage of stays that were “too short” ranged from 0.2% to 83% for vaginal births and from 1% to 75% for cesarean-section deliveries. In half of the 30 DHS countries, more than 20% of women who delivered in health facilities stayed too short. Using a systematic approach to analyze the DHS results, the researchers then examined factors that influenced the length of stay. Longer stays because of increased need for care were found to be linked to birth by cesarean section, low birthweight, multiple births, and death of the newborn before discharge. Women delivered by doctors also had generally longer lengths of stay, as did older and poorer women. What Do these Findings Mean? For many countries, the researchers were unable to find information on postpartum length of stay, and additional research seems warranted. Moreover, in the 30 DHS countries included in the analysis here, the percentage of births in health facilities ranged from 25.1% to 99.2%, suggesting that many countries still need to increase facility births. The postpartum lengths of stay reported vary widely between countries and are likely influenced by national norms and health system features in addition to specific needs of mothers and newborns. The reasons why women leave or are discharged early appear complex and are not well understood. Nonetheless, it seems that many women stay too short to receive adequate postnatal care. This is alarming, especially in low-income settings, where access to care after discharge is often limited. Countries in which staying too short is common should examine the reasons, clearly define appropriate care in health facilities during and after birth, and ensure both that such care is offered and that mothers and newborns stay long enough to receive it. Additional Information Please access these websites via the online version of this summary at http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001972. WHO provides recommendations on postnatal care of mothers and newborns WHO’s Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health has information on global maternal and child health The UK National Health Service has a pregnancy and baby guide that includes information on newborn health, postnatal check-ups, the mother’s body after birth, and breastfeeding The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has pages on maternal and infant health and global maternal and child health
Published: 2016

25. The impact of regional trade agreements on agrifood trade flows: The role of rules of origin

Author: Huchet, Marilyne, Le Mouël, Chantal, PEKETI, Mindourewa, UMR 1302 Structures et Marchés Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Structures et Marchés Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, auto-saisine, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Structures et Marchés Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART), World Trade Organization (WTO). INT., Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: équation de gravité, commerce de produit agricole, developing countrie, food trade, regional trade agreement, agricultural trade, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], règle d’origine, commerce de produit alimentaire, pays en développement, estimateur poisson du pseudo maximum de vraisemblance, rule of origin, gravity, poisson-pseudo maximum likelihood, Economies et finances, Economies and finances, accord commercial régional
Abstract: In this paper we provide an assessment of the impacts of Regional trade agreements (RTAs) on agricultural trade, putting emphasis on the role of rules of origin (RO) which are always part of these agreements. We distinguish trade in raw agricultural products and trade in processed food products. Our sample includes 180 countries over four time periods: 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2011. We consider the main trade agreements involving major world exporting countries of agricultural commodities and food products. Using a gravity model, we introduce dummies for controlling for the multilateral resistance terms and we use the Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimation method to deal with zero trade flows. Econometric results globally confirm that RTAs have a positive impact on trade between member countries, a negative or a non significant direct impact of RO, a negative or a non significant cross impact of RTAs and RO. Our estimation results globally support a significant non linear impact of RTAs, its positive effect on trade between members decreasing with the degree of restrictiveness of involved RO. As expected, our results suggest that trade in food products is more sensitive to RTAs and their RO than trade in agricultural products. Contrary to expectations, our estimation results do not support clear differentiated impact of RTAs and involved RO on North to South and South to North agrifood exports. Finally, our results suggest that RO matter regarding the trade impacts of RTAs., Dans ce papier, nous évaluons l’impact des accords commerciaux régionaux sur le commerce agricole et alimentaire, en mettant en évidence le rôle des règles d’origine qui sont partie intégrante de ces accords. Nous distinguons le commerce de produits agricoles et le commerce de produits alimentaires. Notre échantillon couvre 180 pays observés sur quatre années distinctes : 2001, 2004, 2007 et 2011. Parmi l’ensemble des accords régionaux en vigueur, nous considérons ceux qui concernent les principaux pays exportateurs de produits agricoles et alimentaires. Nous utilisons une équation de gravité, dans laquelle des variables muettes font office de variables de contrôle pour la résistance multilatérale. L’application de l’estimateur Poisson du pseudo maximum de vraisemblance nous permet de prendre en compte les flux de commerce nuls entre certains pays. Les résultats confirment l’impact positif des accords régionaux sur le commerce entre les pays membres. Ils suggèrent que les règles d’origine ont un impact soit négatif, soit non significatif sur le commerce entre pays membres d’un accord régional. Nos résultats indiquent un effet non linéaire significatif des accords régionaux sur les échanges entre pays membres, l’effet positif des accords diminuant avec le degré de restriction porté par les règles d’origine incluses dans les accords. Comme attendu, nos résultats montrent que le commerce de produits alimentaires est plus sensible aux accords régionaux et à leurs règles d’origine que le commerce de produits agricoles. En revanche, nos résultats ne confirment pas notre intuition initiale d’un effet différencié des accords régionaux et de leurs règles d’origine selon qu’ils concernent les flux commerciaux agricoles et alimentaires Nord-Sud ou Sud-Nord. Finalement, nos résultats confirment l’importance des règles d’origine au regard de l’impact des accords régionaux sur le commerce.
Published: 2015

26. HPV Testing from Dried Urine Spots as a Tool for Cervical Cancer Screening in Low-Income Countries

Author: Pierfranco Olivani, Ester Fasoli, Elena Rosanna Frati, D. Colzani, Marianna Martinelli, Elisabetta Tanzi, Silvia Bianchi, Sandro Binda, Frati, E, Martinelli, M, Fasoli, E, Colzani, D, Bianchi, S, Binda, S, Olivani, P, and Tanzi, E
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Uterine Cervical Neoplasm, Article Subject, Immunology and Microbiology (all), Concordance, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, lcsh:Medicine, Urine, Biology, Alphapapillomavirus, Polymerase Chain Reaction, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, law.invention, Developing Countrie, law, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Sampling (medicine), Developing Countries, Papillomavirus Infection, Mass screening, Polymerase chain reaction, Gynecology, Cervical cancer, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), General Immunology and Microbiology, Obstetrics, Papillomavirus Infections, Alphapapillomaviru, lcsh:R, General Medicine, Gold standard (test), medicine.disease, Hpv testing, DNA, Viral, Female, Research Article, Human
Abstract: Nowadays, several screening strategies are available to prevent cervical cancer, but inadequate resources, sociocultural barriers, and sampling issues impede their success in low-income countries. To overcome these issues, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing from dried urine spots (DUS). Eighty-eight urine samples (including 56 HPV DNA positive specimens) were spotted on filter paper, dried, and stored in paper-bags. HPV DNA was detected from the DUS after 1 week and 4 weeks of storage using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The sensitivity, specificity, and concordance of the DUS-based HPV test were evaluated by comparing the results with those of HPV testing on fresh urine samples as the gold standard. The sensitivity of the test was 98.21% (95% CI: 90.56–99.68) for DUS stored for 1 week and 96.42% (95% CI: 87.88–99.01) for DUS stored for 4 weeks. The specificity was 100% (95% CI: 89.28–100) at both time points. The concordance between DUS and fresh urine HPV testing was “almost perfect” using theκstatistic. These preliminary data suggest that a DUS-based assay could bypass sociocultural barriers and sampling issues and therefore could be a suitable, effective tool for epidemiological surveillance and screening programs, especially in low-income countries.
Published: 2015

27. Field application of the micro biological survey method for a simple and effective assessment of the microbiological quality of water sources in developing countries

Author: Raoul Emeric Guetiya Wadoum, Francesca Losito, Martin Sanou Sobze, Alyexandra Arienzo, Vittorio Colizzi, Giovanni Antonini, Arienzo, Alyexandra, Sobze, Martin Sanou, Guetiya Wadoum, Raoul Emeric, Losito, Francesca, Colizzi, Vittorio, and Antonini, Giovanni
Subjects: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Water-borne disease, lcsh:Medicine, Water supply, Developing country, Field (computer science), Article, Microbiological quality of water, Developing Countrie, Survey methodology, water-borne diseases, Environmental protection, Risk Factors, Water Supply, Surveys and Questionnaires, Water Quality, Medicine, Surveys and Questionnaire, Humans, Instrumentation (computer programming), Cameroon, Developing Countries, Simple (philosophy), Settore MED/04 - Patologia Generale, business.industry, Risk Factor, Drinking Water, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MBS method, microbiological quality of water, Water Microbiology, Work (electrical), Water quality, Biochemical engineering, business, Human
Abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, “safe drinking-water must not represent any significant risk to health over a lifetime of consumption, including different sensitivities that may occur between life stages”. Traditional methods of water analysis are usually complex, time consuming and require an appropriately equipped laboratory, specialized personnel and expensive instrumentation. The aim of this work was to apply an alternative method, the Micro Biological Survey (MBS), to analyse for contaminants in drinking water. Preliminary experiments were carried out to demonstrate the linearity and accuracy of the MBS method and to verify the possibility of using the evaluation of total coliforms in 1 mL of water as a sufficient parameter to roughly though accurately determine water microbiological quality. The MBS method was then tested “on field” to assess the microbiological quality of water sources in the city of Douala (Cameroon, Central Africa). Analyses were performed on both dug and drilled wells in different periods of the year. Results confirm that the MBS method appears to be a valid and accurate method to evaluate the microbiological quality of many water sources and it can be of valuable aid in developing countries.
Published: 2015

28. Analyzing trade-offs in international climate policy options: The case of the green climate fund

Author: Chiara Martini, Valeria Costantini, Alessandro Antimiani, Anil Markandya, Alessandro Palma, Maria Cristina Tommasino, Costantini, V., and Tommasino, M. C.
Subjects: Computable general equilibrium, Economic growth, Economics and Econometrics, Sociology and Political Science, Natural resource economics, Political economy of climate change, Green climate fund, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, Developing country, Development, Developing countries, Climate change policies, Dynamic CGE energy model, Development3304 Education, Developing countrie, Economics, Climate change policie, media_common, Planning and Development, Geography, Trade offs, Building and Construction, Investment (macroeconomics), Negotiation, Developed country, Efficient energy use
Abstract: We investigate the trade-offs between economic growth and low carbon targets for developing and developed countries in the period up to 2035. Policy options are evaluated with an original version of the dynamic CGE model GDynE. Abatement costs appear to be strongly detrimental to economic growth for developing countries. We investigate options for reducing these costs that are consistent with the current negotiations. We show that the Green Climate Fund financed through a levy on carbon taxation can benefit all parties, and large benefits are associated with investment of the Green Climate Fund to foster energy efficiency in developing countries. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2015

29. Hepatitis B virus infection in immigrant populations

Author: Evangelista Sagnelli, Caterina Sagnelli, Loredana Alessio, Rosa Zampino, Nicola Coppola, Margherita Macera, Mariantonietta Pisaturo, Coppola, N., Alessio, L., Pisaturo, M., Macera, M., Sagnelli, C., Zampino, R., Sagnelli, E., Coppola, Nicola, Alessio, Loredana, Pisaturo, Mariantonietta, Macera, Margherita, Sagnelli, Caterina, Zampino, Rosa, and Sagnelli, Evangelista
Subjects: Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis, HBsAg, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, Hepatology, business.industry, Developing country, virus diseases, Immigration, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, Virology, Chronic hepatitis B, digestive system diseases, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Genotype, Epidemiology, medicine, Developing countrie, Hepatitis B virus infection, Topic Highlight, business, Demography, Immigrant
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most common cause of hepatitis worldwide, with nearly 350 million people chronically infected and 600000 deaths per year due to acute liver failure occurring during acute hepatitis or, more frequently, in HBV-related liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Ongoing immigration from countries with a high HBV endemicity to those with a low HBV endemicity warrants particular attention to prevent the spread of HBV infection to the native population. This review article analyzes the epidemiology and virological and clinical characteristics of HBV infection in immigrant populations and in their host countries, and suggests prophylactic measures to prevent the spread of this infection. Among the immigrants from different geographical areas, those from South East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa show the highest prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, in accordance with the high endemicity of the countries of origin. The molecular characteristics of HBV infection in immigrants reflect those of the geographical areas of origin: HBV genotype A and D predominate in immigrants from Eastern Europe, B and C in those from Asia and genotype E in those from Africa. The literature data on the clinical course and treatment of HBsAg-positive immigrants are scanty. The management of HBV infection in immigrant populations is difficult and requires expert personnel and dedicated structures for their assistance. The social services, voluntary operators and cultural mediators are essential to achieve optimized psychological and clinical intervention.
Published: 2015

30. Features of breast cancer in developing countries, examples from North-Africa

Author: Paolo Boffetta, Marilys Corbex, Sabiha Bouzbid, Corbex, M., Bouzbid, S., and Boffetta, P.
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Developing country, North-Africa, Breast Neoplasms, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms, Inflammatory breast cancer, Breast Neoplasms, Male, Young Adult, Age Distribution, Sex Factors, Breast cancer, Africa, Northern, Risk Factors, medicine, Developing countrie, Humans, Mass Screening, Triple negative breast cancer, Sex Distribution, Risk factor, Developing Countries, Early Detection of Cancer, Triple-negative breast cancer, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Gynecology, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Age Factors, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Male breast cancer, Oncology, Female, business, Demography
Abstract: Epidemiological features of breast cancer appear to be different in developing countries compared to Western countries, with notably large proportions of young patients, male patients and aggressive forms of the disease. Using North-Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt) as an example, we document the magnitude and explore possible explanations for such patterns. Articles and reports published since the seventies were reviewed. Results show that breast cancer incidence in females is 2-4 times lower in North-Africa than in Western countries while incidence in males is similar. Consequently, the relative proportion of male breast cancer is high (˜2% of all breast cancers). Similarly, the incidence of aggressive forms of the disease, like inflammatory or triple negative breast cancer (in females), is not higher in North Africa than in Western countries, but their relative proportion in case series (up to 10% for inflammatory and 15-25% for triple negative) is significantly higher because of low incidence of other forms of the disease. In North Africa, the incidence among women aged 15-49 is lower than in Western countries, but the very low incidence among women aged more than 50, combined to the young age pyramid of North-Africa, makes the relative proportions of young patients substantially higher (50-60% versus 20% in France). Such epidemiological features result mainly from peculiar risk factor profiles, which are typical for many developing countries and include notably rapid changes in reproductive behaviours. These features have important implications for breast cancer control and treatment. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014

31. Under-five mortality in developing countries: Will the Millennium Development Goal be achieved?

Author: GABRIELLI, GIUSEPPE, Paterno Anna, Gabrielli, Giuseppe, and Paterno, Anna
Subjects: Comparative analysi, Developing countrie, Cluster analysi, Under-five mortality, Millennium development goal
Abstract: High levels of child mortality in the developing countries led the United Nations to include a significant reduction of under-five mortality rates among the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to be reached before 2015. In particular, the target of MDG 4 is to reduce the under-five mortality rates in every developing country by two thirds with respect to the levels reached in 1990. This article contributes to the debate on whether the target of MDG 4 will be reached by 2015; it also offers policy recommendations. We observe 110 countries defined by United Nations as "less" or "least" developed. The time-series-macro data used in the study come mainly from the United Nations "MDGInfo" database. Additional data come from WHO, UNICEF, UNDP and World Bank databases. The availability of a large amount of comparable data at the national level makes the quantitative cross-country approach particularly suitable for describing and comparing the intensity and main features of child mortality in different regions and countries. In our article, we: 1) provide an overview of the general context of developing countries; 2) analyze (using principal component analysis and cluster analysis) aspects of child mortality to highlight its different patterns and group together the considered countries in homogeneous clusters; 3) apply and update a methodology used by international agencies to monitor the outcomes obtained by each country in the reduction of child mortality and to estimate the chance each country has to reach MDG 4 (taking into account the trends shown since 1990); and 4) utilize linear regression models to identify the main social and economic determinants of the gaps that exist for each country in 2010 between the observed under-five mortality rates levels and those required to achieve the target. Our study shows that in 50 of 110 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, the average annual rate of reduction in under-five mortality rates observed so far will not be sufficient to meet MDG 4. © 2014 Sociological Demography Press.
Published: 2014

32. Efficacy of fast methods for Escherichia coli counts in drinking water of a depressed area

Author: CANOBBIO, SERGIO, MEZZANOTTE, VALERIA FEDERICA MARIA, Antonelli, M, Canobbio, S, Antonelli, M, and Mezzanotte, V
Subjects: microbiological contamination detection, developing countrie, sample-ready plates
Abstract: Contamination of drinking water is a major issue in depressed areas, especially in developing countries. Moreover, in such areas suitable conditions for the determination of E. coli using standard count plate methods could be missing. The level of water contamination and the operational conditions of a city in the Democratic Republic of the Congo were analyzed, and subsequently recreated in laboratory. We tested the efficacy of three fast E. coli detection methods in both optimal and operational conditions, and compared them to standard methods. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the various methods in the different conditions. Thus, fast methods can successfully be used, although a tendency to produce false negatives with low levels of contaminations should be taken in account.
Published: 2012

33. The informal economy and employment in Brazil: Latin America, modernization, and social changes

Author: Coletto, D and Coletto, D
Subjects: developing countrie, SPS/09 - SOCIOLOGIA DEI PROCESSI ECONOMICI E DEL LAVORO, Informal economy, economic and social change, ethnography, Brazil
Abstract: The informal economy did not disappear, nor did it decrease. Despite early predictions of its eventual demise, it has not only grown worldwide, but also emerged in new forms and unexpected places. This book presents some in-depth cases regarding specific informal economic activities in Brazil. Using an ethnographic approach, the Author shows the social and economic processes that allow the informal economy to be reproduced, revealing the complex and heterogeneous relations between the formal and the informal parts of economy. Throughout detailed descriptions of informality in action, the book provides interesting starting-points to investigate the renewed dilemmas of the informal economy and its linkages with globalization processes
Published: 2010

34. Patterns and determinants of urban chicken consumption in Haiti and Cameroon: Similar context, Differentiated prospects

Author: Laroche-Dupraz, Catherine, Awono-Bessa, Cyprien, Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Economie Rurale et de Gestion, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, auto-saisine, Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and European Association of Agricultural Economists (EAAE). INT.
Subjects: animal structures, developing countrie, chicken, poultry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], urban consumption, poulet, globalisation, CHICKEN, URBAN CONSUMPTION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, GLOBALISATION, marché mondial, volaille, cameroun, haïti, embryonic structures, pays en développement, world market
Abstract: Since the beginning of 2000s, in order to let poor people accede to meat consumption, several African and Caribbean countries have opened their domestic chicken market to foreign imports, by reducing import tariffs. Thus imported frozen pieces of chicken from the European Union or America compete with local chicken meat, causing the collapse of many poultry husbandry and the loss of many jobs in the local chicken food chain. In order to highlight the determinants of urban consumer’s choice relative to chicken types, and assess the opportunity for local chicken to restore its market share, investigations have been done in 2005 in Yaoundé (Cameroon) and in 2006 in Port-au-Prince (Haiti) applied to 180 urban households in each country. While imported frozen pieces of chicken have almost entirely substituted for the local chicken which has already quite disappeared in Port-au-Prince, Yaoundé consumers still prefer the local flesh chicken to the imported ones, at least for particular uses., Depuis le début des années 2000, plusieurs pays d’Afrique et des Caraïbes ont ouvert leur marché domestique aux importations de poulet, dans le but d’améliorer l’accès à la viande des populations pauvres. La réduction des droits de douane appliqués à ces produits s’est traduite par des importations massives de découpes de poulet congelées, en provenance d’Europe et d’Amérique, qui viennent concurrencer le marché local, entrainant la fermeture de nombreux élevages et la perte d’emplois dans la chaine de production et de distribution des produits avicoles. Nous cherchons dans cet article à mettre en évidence les déterminants du choix des consommateurs urbains entre les différents types de poulets disponibles sur le marché, et à évaluer la possibilité pour le poulet local de retrouver ses parts de marché antérieures. Des enquêtes ont été menées en 2005 à Yaoundé (Cameroun) puis en 2006 à Port au Prince (Haïti), auprès de 180 ménages urbains dans chaque pays. Elles montrent que si les découpes importées de poulet congelé se sont presque entièrement substituées au poulet local qui a presque disparu à Port-au-Prince, les consommateurs de Yaoundé continuent de préférer le poulet de chair local au poulet importé, au moins pour certains usages.
Published: 2009

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34 results on '"Developing countrie"'

1. Exploring the relationship between life quality and the perceptions of living-environment crises

2. Exploring the relationship between life quality and the perceptions of living-environment crises

3. Exploring the relationship between life quality and the perceptions of living-environment crises

4. Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000-2018

5. MAINTENANCE STRATEGY FOR VEHICLE WITH ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM.

6. Drivers of fish choice: an exploratory analysis in Mediterranean countries

7. Gender and vulnerable employment in the developing world: Evidence from global microdata

8. Agriculture 4.0 as Enabler of Sustainable Agri-Food: A Proposed Taxonomy

9. Reliability and Validity of the Trunk Control Measurement Scale Among Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy in Tanzania

10. Virtual water flows and economic water productivity of Italian fair-trade: the case of bananas, cocoa and coffee

11. Sustainable water-energy nexus towards developing countries’ water sector efficiency

12. Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

13. Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17

14. How do energy use and climate change affect Fast-start Finance? A cross country empirical investigation

15. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

16. Physical activity correlates among people with psychosis: Data from 47 low- and middle-income countries

17. Business model design and firm performance: Evidence of interactive effects from a developing economy

18. Seismic-Proof Buildings in Developing Countries

19. Product innovation capability, export scope and export experience

20. Improving women's health in low-income and middle-income countries. Part I: Challenges and priorities

21. A Base Isolation System for Developing Countries Using Discarded Tyres Filled with Elastomeric Recycled Materials

22. Moving western neighborliness to east a study on local exchange in Bangladesh

23. Estimates of first-generation women and girls with female genital mutilation in the European Union, Norway and Switzerland

24. Length of Stay After Childbirth in 92 Countries and Associated Factors in 30 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Compilation of Reported Data and a Cross-sectional Analysis from Nationally Representative Surveys

25. The impact of regional trade agreements on agrifood trade flows: The role of rules of origin

26. HPV Testing from Dried Urine Spots as a Tool for Cervical Cancer Screening in Low-Income Countries

27. Field application of the micro biological survey method for a simple and effective assessment of the microbiological quality of water sources in developing countries

28. Analyzing trade-offs in international climate policy options: The case of the green climate fund

29. Hepatitis B virus infection in immigrant populations

30. Features of breast cancer in developing countries, examples from North-Africa

31. Under-five mortality in developing countries: Will the Millennium Development Goal be achieved?

32. Efficacy of fast methods for Escherichia coli counts in drinking water of a depressed area

33. The informal economy and employment in Brazil: Latin America, modernization, and social changes

34. Patterns and determinants of urban chicken consumption in Haiti and Cameroon: Similar context, Differentiated prospects

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34 results on '"Developing countrie"'

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