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Photocatalytic hydrogen production is one of the most valuable technologies in the future energy system. Here, we designed a metal‐covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) with both small‐sized metal clusters and nitrogen‐rich ligands, named COF‐Cu3TG. Based on our design, small‐sized metal clusters were selected to increase the density of active sites and shorten the distance of electron transport to active sites. While another building block containing nitrogen‐rich organic ligands acted as a node that could in situ anchor metal atoms during photocatalysis and form interlayer single‐atom electron bridges (SAEB) to accelerate electron transport. Together, they promoted photocatalytic performance. This represented the further utilization of Ru atoms and was an additional application of the photosensitizer. N2‐Ru‐N2 electron bridge (Ru‐SAEB) was created in situ between the layers, resulting in a considerable enhancement in the hydrogen production rate of the photocatalyst to 10.47 mmol g−1 h−1. Through theoretical calculation and EXAFS, the existence position and action mechanism of Ru‐SAEB were reasonably inferred, further confirming the rationality of the Ru‐SAEB configuration. A sufficiently proximity between the small‐sized Cu3 cluster and the Ru‐SAEB was found to expedite electron transfer. This work demonstrated the synergistic impact of small molecular clusters with Ru‐SAEB for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV infection is monitored through the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) to help improve the health of people with HIV and reduce transmission. NHSS data are routinely used at federal, state, and local levels to monitor the distribution and transmission of HIV, plan and evaluate prevention and care programs, allocate resources, inform policy development, and identify and respond to rapid transmission in the United States. We describe the expanded use of HIV surveillance data since the 2013 NHSS status update, during which time the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) coordinated to revise the HIV surveillance case definition to support the detection of early infection and reporting of laboratory data, expanded data collection to include information on sexual orientation and gender identity, enhanced data deduplication processes to improve quality, and expanded reporting to include social determinants of health and health equity measures. CDC maximized the effects of federal funding by integrating funding for HIV prevention and surveillance into a single program; the integration of program funding has expanded the use of HIV surveillance data and strengthened surveillance, resulting in enhanced cluster response capacity and intensified data-to-care activities to ensure sustained viral suppression. NHSS data serve as the primary source for monitoring HIV trends and progress toward achieving national initiatives, including the US Department of Health and Human Services' Ending the HIV Epidemic in the United States initiative, the White House's National HIV/AIDS Strategy (2022-2025), and Healthy People 2030. The NHSS will continue to modernize, adapt, and broaden its scope as the need for high-quality HIV surveillance data remains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global surge in reported cases of COVID-19 and the possibility of further outbreaks necessitates the development of new instruments to aid healthcare professionals in the earlier detection and monitoring of patients. Lung Ultrasound (LUS) examination is increasingly being used to detect symptoms of COVID-19 disease, according to growing data from throughout the world. Numerous features of ultrasound imaging make it well-suited for frequent clinical application: LUS may identify lung participation in the initial stages of the disease, is portable enough to be carried around in a protective covering, and can be used for screening in long-term care residences, camps, and other settings out of the clinic when other imaging techniques are not possible. The purpose of this article is to segment the COVID region from LUS. Acquiring LUS image data is the first step in the research workflow, which concludes with validating the segmented model. The COVID region is separated from the LUS region through the use of several pre-processes, including filtering and image enhancement, and the development of a segmentation model, including threshold, region-based, edge-based, and a neoteric segmentation approach. To choose the most effective model, we use the model accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the effect of cluster and firm heterogeneity on knowledge sourcing in an overseas research and development (R&D) lab. Building on agglomeration economies, absorptive capacity view, and social capital theory, this paper proposes theories that explain certain conditions under which the enjoyment of benefits from the knowledge source can be maximised. This paper suggests that 1) the level of knowledge absorption from a region by an overseas R&D lab is likely to increase as the region contains more diverse technological profiles with a similar science base; 2) the level of knowledge absorption from a region by an overseas R&D lab is likely to increase as the lab enhances its technological capabilities; and 3) the level of knowledge absorption from a region by an overseas R&D lab is likely to increase as the lab becomes older in the cluster. We simultaneously suggest that cluster traits and firm heterogeneity influence the learning of overseas R&D labs. The consideration of both factors will provide a better understanding of knowledge spillover and its contribution to firms in the cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We survey the results of the local theory of regular systems that are related to estimating the regularity radius. We also discuss recent results on local groups in arbitrary Delone sets in the plane and in the three-dimensional space, including new theorems and conjectures generalizing the classical statement on the absence of fivefold rotations in lattices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, pJP4 is one of the best-known plasmids for the biodegradation of xenobiotics that mediate the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), which is associated with serious health and environmental risks. Although the sequencing and proposed theory of pJP4 formation occurred almost 20 years ago (2004), pJP4 is still the model object of many studies focused on the biodegradation of 2,4-D. The uniqueness of this plasmid is due to the presence of two evolutionarily distinct gene clusters, tfdI and tfdII, controlling the degradation of 2,4-D. Recent advances in plasmid biology, especially those concerning the characterization of new IncP-1 plasmids and the systematization of tfd gene cluster findings, serve as a basis for proposing new insights into the formation of the clusters' architecture of the canonical plasmid, pJP4, and their distribution among other plasmids. In the present work, a comparative genomic and phylogenetic in silico study of plasmids with tfdI and tfdII clusters was carried out. The possible initial distribution patterns of tfdI clusters among plasmids of different incompatibility groups (non-IncP-1) and tfdII clusters among IncP-1 plasmids using the IS1071-based composite transposon were revealed. A new theory on the formation of the architecture of the tfdI and tfdII clusters of pJP4 through sequential internal rearrangements, recombination, and ISJP4 insertion, is proposed. In addition, small gene clusters resulting from internal rearrangements of pJP4 (tfdIISA and ORF31/32) served as fingerprints for exploring the distribution of tfdI and tfdII clusters. The revealed patterns and formulated theory extend the frontiers of plasmid biology and will be beneficial for understanding the role of plasmids in bacterial adaptation to xenobiotic-contaminated environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study identified a typology of pro-environmental behaviors in relation to demographic correlates and reasons for lack of engagement. A total of 647 Israelis completed the survey. Latent class analysis identified three subgroups based on the degree of engagement in pro-environmental behaviors. The least engaged subgroup tended not to worry about the changing climate and not to view pro-environmental behaviors as within its responsibility. In contrast to the more engaged groups, this group was the least likely to state that limited information or unclear knowledge about the changing climate prevented them from engaging in pro-environmental behaviors. The study points to different methods that should be used to increase engagement in pro-environmental behaviors based on already existing levels of engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study investigated the Mpox outbreak that occurred in a health cluster of three hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, involving 97 patients diagnosed between May and December 2023. Among them, 48% were Saudi nationals, 94% were men, and 73% were under 35 years old. While sexual activity was a potential transmission mode, only 38% of patients reported it. All patients were presented with skin lesions and common symptoms like fever, headaches, and itching, with two being HIV positive. Genotyping revealed all samples were from subclade IIb (West Africa clade). Unlike previous outbreaks, rashes and systemic symptoms emerged simultaneously without a prodromal phase. Stringent infection control measures kept healthcare workers safe, although underreporting of sexual behavior may limit the study’s findings. This highlights the need for Mpox consideration in young individuals with skin lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming and climate change impacts intensify hydrological cycle and consequently unprecedented drought and flood appear in different parts of the world. Meteorological drought assessments are widely evaluated by the concept of standardized precipitation index (SPI), which provides drought classification. Its application is based on the probabilistic standardization procedure, but in the literature, there is a confusion with the statistical standardization procedure. This paper provides distinctive differences between the two approaches and provides the application of a better method. As a novel approach, SPI classification is coupled with fuzzy clustering procedure, which provides drought evaluation procedure based on two variables jointly, precipitation and temperature, which is referred to as the standard precipitation-temperature index (SPTI). The final product is in the form of fuzzy c-means clustering in five clusters with exposition of annual drought membership degrees (MDs) for each cluster and resulting objective function. The application of the proposed fuzzy methodology is presented for the long-term annual precipitation and temperature records from New Jersey Statewide records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to explore the multidimensional nature of social inclusion (mSI) among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), and to identify the predictors of 3-year mSI and the mSI prediction using traditional and data-driven approaches. Methods: We used the baseline and 3-year follow-up data of 1119 patients from the Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP) cohort in the Netherlands. The outcome mSI was defined as clusters derived from combined analyses of thirteen subscales from the Social Functioning Scale and the brief version of World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaires through K-means clustering. Prediction models were built through multinomial logistic regression (ModelMLR) and random forest (ModelRF), internally validated via bootstrapping and compared by accuracy and the discriminability of mSI subgroups. Results: We identified five mSI subgroups: "very low (social functioning)/very low (quality of life)" (8.58%), "low/low" (12.87%), "high/low" (49.24%), "medium/high" (18.05%), and "high/high" (11.26%). The mSI was robustly predicted by a genetic predisposition for SSD, premorbid adjustment, positive, negative, and depressive symptoms, number of met needs, and baseline satisfaction with the environment and social life. The ModelRF (61.61% [54.90%, 68.01%]; P =0.013) was cautiously considered outperform the ModelMLR (59.16% [55.75%, 62.58%]; P =0.994). Conclusion: We introduced and distinguished meaningful subgroups of mSI, which were modestly predictable from baseline clinical characteristics. A possibility for early prediction of mSI at the clinical stage may unlock the potential for faster and more impactful social support that is specifically tailored to the unique characteristics of the mSI subgroup to which a given patient belongs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although a memristor model, subjected to electrochemical metallization mechanism, has been proposed based on the spontaneous decay of clusters in the previous work, it does not agree with the human forgetting accurately. Therefore, an improved model is meaningfully presented for the memristor with the cluster spontaneous decay by adding the residual effect. The former is due to the inward contraction of atoms driven by surface energy, while the latter is because of the balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms. The model fits well with the actual device. The forgetting is caused by the spontaneous decay. Memory retention is generated due to the added effect, which is also the internal cause of good agreement with the actual forgetting. Additionally, short‐term plasticity is converted to long‐term plasticity through the repeated learning. The efficiency of experiential learning using this model is much higher than that using the previous. It is shown that the physical mechanism of spontaneous decay in the cluster‐based channel is different from that in vacancy‐based or atom‐based channel. The model working under a non‐ideal condition with the temperature influence is discussed. Potential applications based on the model are stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A metal‐rich niobium oxyiodide was prepared by soft reduction of NbI4. The structure of the new compound Nb4OI10 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and contains a rectangular Nb4(μ4‐O) cluster that is interconnected into layers by iodide ligands. The local structure of the Nb4OI10 cluster bears a close relationship to a defect Nb6I11 structure. The two‐dimensional van der Waals material ∞2[ ${{}_{{\rm \infty }}{}^{2}[}$ Nb4OI8I4/2] is a small band‐gap semiconductor (<1 eV), as analysed by electrical conductivity measurements, photoresponse, experimental band gap determination, and band structure calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of TADF‐active compounds: 0D chiral Ln−Ag(I) clusters L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐0D (Ln=Eu/Gd) and 2D chiral Ln−Ag(I) cluster‐based frameworks L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐2D (Ln=Gd) has been synthesized. Atomic‐level structural analysis showed that the chiral Ag(I) cluster units {Ag14S12} in L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐0D and L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐2D exhibited similar configurations, linked by varying numbers of [Ln(H2O)x]3+ (x=6 for 0D, x=3 for 2D) to form the final target compounds. Temperature‐dependent emission spectra and decay lifetimes measurement demonstrated the presence of TADF in L‐Ln2Ag28‐0D (Ln=Eu/Gd) and L‐Gd2Ag28‐2D. Experimentally, the remarkable TADF properties primarily originated from {Ag14S12} moieties in these compounds. Notably, {Ag14S12} in L‐Eu2Ag28‐0D and L‐Gd2Ag28‐2D displayed higher promote fluorescence rate and shorter TADF decay times than L‐Gd2Ag28‐0D. Combined with theoretical calculations, it was determined that the TADF behaviors of {Ag14S12} cluster units were induced by 4 f perturbation of Ln3+ ions. Specially, while maintaining ΔE(S1–T1) small enough, it can significantly increase k(S1→S0) and reduce TADF decay time by adjusting the type or number of Ln3+ ions, thus achieving the purpose of improving TADF for cluster‐based luminescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of TADF‐active compounds: 0D chiral Ln−Ag(I) clusters L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐0D (Ln=Eu/Gd) and 2D chiral Ln−Ag(I) cluster‐based frameworks L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐2D (Ln=Gd) has been synthesized. Atomic‐level structural analysis showed that the chiral Ag(I) cluster units {Ag14S12} in L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐0D and L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐2D exhibited similar configurations, linked by varying numbers of [Ln(H2O)x]3+ (x=6 for 0D, x=3 for 2D) to form the final target compounds. Temperature‐dependent emission spectra and decay lifetimes measurement demonstrated the presence of TADF in L‐Ln2Ag28‐0D (Ln=Eu/Gd) and L‐Gd2Ag28‐2D. Experimentally, the remarkable TADF properties primarily originated from {Ag14S12} moieties in these compounds. Notably, {Ag14S12} in L‐Eu2Ag28‐0D and L‐Gd2Ag28‐2D displayed higher promote fluorescence rate and shorter TADF decay times than L‐Gd2Ag28‐0D. Combined with theoretical calculations, it was determined that the TADF behaviors of {Ag14S12} cluster units were induced by 4 f perturbation of Ln3+ ions. Specially, while maintaining ΔE(S1–T1) small enough, it can significantly increase k(S1→S0) and reduce TADF decay time by adjusting the type or number of Ln3+ ions, thus achieving the purpose of improving TADF for cluster‐based luminescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technological revolution has transformed the area of labor with reference to automation and robotization in various domains. The employment of robots automates these disciplines, rendering beneficial impacts as robots are cost-effective, reliable, accurate, productive, flexible, and safe. Usually, single robots are deployed to accomplish specific tasks. The purpose of this study is to focus on the next step in robot research, collaborative multi-robot systems, through flocking control in particular, improving their self-adaptive and self-learning abilities. This review is conducted to gain extensive knowledge related to swarming, or cluster flocking. The evolution of flocking laws from inception is delineated, swarming/cluster flocking is conceptualized, and the flocking phenomenon in multi-robots is evaluated. The taxonomy of flocking control based on different schemes, structures, and strategies is presented. Flocking control based on traditional and trending approaches, as well as hybrid control paradigms, is observed to elevate the robustness and performance of multi-robot systems for collective motion. Opportunities for deploying robots with flocking control in various domains are also discussed. Some challenges are also explored, requiring future considerations. Finally, the flocking problem is defined and an abstraction of flocking control-based multiple UAVs is presented by leveraging the potentials of various methods. The significance of this review is to inspire academics and practitioners to adopt multi-robot systems with flocking control for swiftly performing tasks and saving energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of TADF‐active compounds: 0D chiral Ln−Ag(I) clusters L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐0D (Ln=Eu/Gd) and 2D chiral Ln−Ag(I) cluster‐based frameworks L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐2D (Ln=Gd) has been synthesized. Atomic‐level structural analysis showed that the chiral Ag(I) cluster units {Ag14S12} in L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐0D and L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐2D exhibited similar configurations, linked by varying numbers of [Ln(H2O)x]3+ (x=6 for 0D, x=3 for 2D) to form the final target compounds. Temperature‐dependent emission spectra and decay lifetimes measurement demonstrated the presence of TADF in L‐Ln2Ag28‐0D (Ln=Eu/Gd) and L‐Gd2Ag28‐2D. Experimentally, the remarkable TADF properties primarily originated from {Ag14S12} moieties in these compounds. Notably, {Ag14S12} in L‐Eu2Ag28‐0D and L‐Gd2Ag28‐2D displayed higher promote fluorescence rate and shorter TADF decay times than L‐Gd2Ag28‐0D. Combined with theoretical calculations, it was determined that the TADF behaviors of {Ag14S12} cluster units were induced by 4 f perturbation of Ln3+ ions. Specially, while maintaining ΔE(S1–T1) small enough, it can significantly increase k(S1→S0) and reduce TADF decay time by adjusting the type or number of Ln3+ ions, thus achieving the purpose of improving TADF for cluster‐based luminescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of TADF‐active compounds: 0D chiral Ln−Ag(I) clusters L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐0D (Ln=Eu/Gd) and 2D chiral Ln−Ag(I) cluster‐based frameworks L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐2D (Ln=Gd) has been synthesized. Atomic‐level structural analysis showed that the chiral Ag(I) cluster units {Ag14S12} in L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐0D and L‐/D‐Ln2Ag28‐2D exhibited similar configurations, linked by varying numbers of [Ln(H2O)x]3+ (x=6 for 0D, x=3 for 2D) to form the final target compounds. Temperature‐dependent emission spectra and decay lifetimes measurement demonstrated the presence of TADF in L‐Ln2Ag28‐0D (Ln=Eu/Gd) and L‐Gd2Ag28‐2D. Experimentally, the remarkable TADF properties primarily originated from {Ag14S12} moieties in these compounds. Notably, {Ag14S12} in L‐Eu2Ag28‐0D and L‐Gd2Ag28‐2D displayed higher promote fluorescence rate and shorter TADF decay times than L‐Gd2Ag28‐0D. Combined with theoretical calculations, it was determined that the TADF behaviors of {Ag14S12} cluster units were induced by 4 f perturbation of Ln3+ ions. Specially, while maintaining ΔE(S1–T1) small enough, it can significantly increase k(S1→S0) and reduce TADF decay time by adjusting the type or number of Ln3+ ions, thus achieving the purpose of improving TADF for cluster‐based luminescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the behavior of Mn2+ ions and water molecules in Mn2+-exchanged zeolite Y (Si/Al = 1.67) at different temperatures during dehydration, single crystals of Mn2+-exchanged zeolite Y were prepared by batch method at room temperature. Five single crystals of Mn2+-exchanged zeolite Y were dehydrated at 297 K (crystal 1), 523 K (crystal 2), 573 K (crystal 3), 623 K (crystal 4), and 673 K (crystal 5), respectively, under dynamic vacuum for 48 h. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd 3 ¯ m at 100(1) K. They were refined to the final error indices R1/wR2 = 0.0594/0.1615, 0.0450/0.1229, 0.0445/0.1108, 0.0447/0.1145, and 0.0418/0.1084 (for Fo > 4σ(Fo)) for crystals 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. In all five crystals, about 36 Mn2+ ions occupy five crystallographic sites. Mn2+ ions are energetically preferentially located at site I in all structures. The Mn2+ ions migrated from one site (sites I' or II') to another available site (sites I or II) to better satisfy their coordination requirements upon dehydration. Finally, in the completely dehydrated crystal 5, 36 Mn2+ ions occupy the sites I, I', II', IIa, and IIb with the fractional occupancies 15, 2, 2, 12, and 5, respectively. All water molecules associated with Mn2+ ions in the incompletely dehydrated crystals 1 ~ 4 were located in the sodalite cavities. In the structure of crystal 1, about 10.5 water molecules were found per unit cell, each coordinating to Mn2+ ions at Mn(1'b). These water molecules formed clusters as [Mn4(H2O)4]8+. Only 5, 3, and 2 water molecules were found in the structures of crystals 2 ~ 4, respectively, with increasing temperature. Each of these water molecules was bonded to one Mn2+ ion at Mn(2'), forming [MnH2O]2+. The unit cell constant of the zeolite framework decreased, as the number of water molecules decreased with the increasing dehydration temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundAimsMethods & proceduresOutcomes & resultsConclusionsTense production is often impaired in people with aphasia (PWA). Interestingly, the literature suggests that not all tenses are affected in the same way, although the pattern of dissociation is still debated in the literature. The heterogeneity of tense production deficits in PWA might partly explain this lack of consensus in the literature. While this heterogeneity has been demonstrated by descriptive statistics or double dissociations in several studies, no study has used cluster analyses to highlight the main patterns of tense dissociation. Furthermore, the factors underlying this heterogeneity have been little explored.Our study aimed to use cluster analyses on tense production performance to (1) identify the main patterns of dissociation between tenses in PWA and (2) explore the clinical (aphasia type and severity) and cognitive (executive disorders and temporality) factors that may underlie these patterns.Twenty-one French-speaking participants with fluent and non-fluent aphasia completed a verb inflection production task, as well as language and cognitive tests. Cluster analyses were performed on the differences in performance between the tenses on the verb inflection production task. Generalized linear mixed models and nonparametric statistics were used to analyze the effect of tense and its interaction with the clusters, and to compare the clusters on the clinical and cognitive variables.Cluster analyses revealed two main clusters, one with worse performances in the past and future than in the present (PWA_1 – 70% of the PWA), and the other with worse performances in the past and present than in the future (PWA_2 – 30%). The type and severity of aphasia, and cognitive test performance did not differ between the two clusters. On the other hand, the PWA_2 cluster had a longer time post-onset than the PWA_1 cluster.Our results confirm the heterogeneity of verb inflection deficits in PWA. They suggest that most PWA would have difficulties with past and future tenses, questioning the presence of discourse linking in these two tenses. However, a minority of PWA, who are clinically and cognitively indistinguishable from the others, do not follow this pattern. Adopting the strategy of producing a morphologically simple tense in French – future – could explain the high performance in the future tense and the errors in substituting other tenses with the future in this subgroup. Finally, the clinical and research implications of this heterogeneity, in relation to therapies and the lack of consensus in the literature, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A mono‐salamo‐type ligand H2L was prepared to utilize 3‐methoxysalicylaldehyde and a semi‐salamo‐type compound, and its novel trinuclear Ni(II) cluster with two significantly various configurations in the solid state was obtained by reaction of H2L with Ni(II) ions. The trinuclear structure of the Ni(II) cluster was validated by x‐ray technique, and Ni(II) ions exhibited hexa‐coordinated twisted octahedrons. Its structural formula is [Ni3(L)2(μ2‐Cl)2(EtOH)2]. Chloride ions have also successfully double bridged to participate in coordination, and play a critical impact in the trinuclear configuration's stability and charge balance. Two solvent ethanol molecules are also participated in coordination. The coordination ratio of the ligand to the metal ion was verified to be 2:3 by UV–Vis absorption titration spectroscopy. The HOMO and LUMO energies of the frontline molecular orbitals of H2L and the complex were analyzed by DFT calculations, and the energy gap value of the ligand H2L was 4.29 eV, and that of the complex was 0.72 eV. The ligand combined with the metal decreased the energy gap value and produced a more active complex. Furthermore, Hirshfeld surface analysis visualizes the weak interactions of crystalline molecules, and these abundant weak interactions play an especially critical effect in the supramolecular structural self‐assembling. The fluorescent researches proclaimed that the fluorescence intensity of the cluster significantly decreased compared with the ligand, suggesting that this ligand and complex have greater promise for fluorescence sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single atom alloy (SAA) clusters formed by anchoring single atoms in small supported host clusters are emerging as catalysts with high performance. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and ab‐initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations are performed to study the stability and the structure evolution of γ‐alumina‐supported platinum/copper SAA clusters of sub‐nanometer size in hydrogen environment. Due to the strong dynamic nature of both Cu cluster and anchored Pt single atom and their evolving interaction with the support, different isomers with different geometric and energetic properties are predicted. Extensive sampling through AIMD simulations reveals strong effect of hydrogen on the location of Pt single atom and strong variation of the cluster shape, evolving from 3D to concave and planar shapes wetting the alumina support. Interfacial site location of Pt single atom is found to be hydrogen coverage dependent. When the hydrogen coverage increases, the Pt single atom located preferentially at the interfacial site is pulled up by hydrogen atoms toward the upper surface Cu layers. The interaction of Pt/Cu cluster with alumina is predicted to decrease with increasing hydrogen coverage. Finally, electronic structure analysis reveals dramatic effect of hydrogen on the metallic nature of the catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing, more and more devices, such as sensor nodes and intelligent automated guided vehicles (AGVs), can serve as edge devices to provide Location-Based Services (LBS) through the IoT. As the number of applications increases, there is an abundance of sensitive information in the communication process, pushing the focus of privacy protection towards the communication process and edge devices. The challenge lies in the fact that most traditional location privacy protection algorithms are not suited for the IoT with edge computing, as they primarily focus on the security of remote servers. To enhance the capability of location privacy protection, this paper proposes a novel K-anonymity algorithm based on clustering. This novel algorithm incorporates a scheme that flexibly combines real and virtual locations based on the requirements of applications. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves location privacy protection for the IoT with edge computing. When compared to traditional K-anonymity algorithms, the proposed algorithm further enhances the security of location privacy by expanding the potential region in which the real node may be located, thereby limiting the effectiveness of "narrow-region" attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature irradiation-induced amorphization in SiC is a crucial factor leading to swelling. This study employs atomistic simulations to clarify the effects of experimental irradiation damage (1.0 dpa) in polycrystalline 3C-SiC at 1000 K. The findings reveal amorphization and swelling thresholds at 0.45 dpa and 7.45 %, respectively. Interestingly, dose threshold for amorphization does not align with chemical bonding, volume swelling, or enthalpy thresholds. Instead, a competitive mechanism emerges between grain boundaries and the grain core in the evolution of chemical disorder and clusters. Moreover, as amorphization saturates and grain boundaries annihilate, the degradation of tensile strength and Young's modulus stabilizes at 21.1 GPa and 124.2 GPa, respectively. Notably, grain boundaries exert a significant influence on defect cluster formation during amorphous evolution and dominate the initial deterioration of mechanical properties at low damage doses. This study enhances our understanding of how grain boundaries and chemical disorder mechanisms impact amorphization SiC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By highly efficient ligand‐exchange strategy, atomically precise Au8Pd1(PPh3)82+ (PPh3=triphenylphosphine) cluster can be transformed into a Au8Pd1(DPPF)42+ (DPPF=1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) cluster that can maintain the atomic‐packing structure but overcome the lability of Au8Pd1(PPh3)82+. Catalytic evaluation for the CO2 hydrogenation coupled with o‐phenylenediamine demonstrates that the Au8Pd1(DPPF)42+ catalyst can remarkably enhance both activity and stability compared to the Au8Pd1(PPh3)82+ catalyst. More notably, the direct construction of a two‐dimensional metal–organic framework (2D MOF) can be elaborately accomplished in the formylation process of o‐phenylenediamine, CO2 and H2 with zinc nitrate enabled by the Au8Pd1(DPPF)42+ catalyst. The 2D MOF further enables the capture and transformation of CO2 to combine in the organic synthesis with epoxides under mild conditions. This work provides opportunities for creating highly active cluster sites for the chemical recycling of CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two closely related yet distinctly different cationic clusters, [Dy52Ni44(HEIDA)36(OH)138(OAc)24(H2O)30]10+ (1) and [Dy112Ni76(HEIDA)44(EIDA)24(IDA)4(OH)268(OAc)48(H2O)44]4+ (2) (HEIDA=N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)iminodiacetate), each featuring a multi‐shell core of Platonic and Archimedean polyhedra, were obtained. Depending on the specific conditions used for the co‐hydrolysis of Dy3+ and Ni2+, the product can be crystallized out as one particular type of cluster or as a mixture of 1 and 2. How the reaction process was affected by the amount of hydrolysis‐facilitating base and/or by the reaction temperature and duration was investigated. It has been found that a reaction at a high temperature and/or for an extended period favors the formation of the compact and thermodynamically more stable 1, while a brief reaction with a large amount of the base is good for the kinetic product 2. By tuning these intertwining conditions, the reaction can be regulated toward a particular product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the scattered distribution and poor clustering of abnormal clusters in energy big data, the ability to detect anomalies is poor. Therefore, a high-energy data anomaly clustering detection method based on redundant convolutional encoding is proposed. Quantitative analysis of the coupling characteristics of electrical thermal gas optical time series for multi energy users based on Copula function, and incorporating quantitative values into multi energy feature indicators to extract the energy consumption behavior characteristics of multi energy users. Utilize redundant convolutional codecs to recombine and structurally encode abnormal features of energy big data, and capture multi energy coupling time features using coupling time capsule layers. Then, coupling time features are synthesized through fully connected linear regression layers to generate anomalous clustering feature components, and the energy time series data is then transformed into feature values of the time series in three-dimensional space. Based on this, a comprehensive energy system and massive multi energy user energy big data anomaly clustering analysis are carried out to determine the optimal number of multi energy users. Then, based on linear layers, the electricity heat gas light load characteristic map of multi energy users is transformed into one-dimensional form, and an energy big data anomaly clustering detection model is constructed to complete anomaly detection. The simulation results show that the proposed method has excellent feature clustering performance, detection accuracy above 98.7%, fast convergence speed, and an error rate below 0.1, which has reliable application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging atomic‐level synergistic catalysts based on the single‐atom sites and other valuable components, such as atom, cluster, nanoparticle and other nano‐matter, shine in various catalytic fields. They can integrate the advantages of individual catalytic sites and other valuable components to enhance the activity, selectivity and stability of many chemical reactions via activating their key rate‐determining steps and multistep transformations. In addition, because of the ultrahigh atom utilization (~100 %) and adjustable microenvironment of metal centers, the single‐atom sites can intelligently construct with other useful large size sites to strengthening in tandem a typical catalytic process. Herein, the structure and mechanism of atomic‐level synergistic catalysts with controllable electronic structures and regulatory reaction processes are presented. We particularly emphasize the interactions between active components of atomic‐level synergistic catalysts and catalytic reaction processes, which are essential for understanding how these catalysts are cooperatively working. It is anticipated that this minireview can make the promotion of advanced atomic‐level synergistic catalysts based on single‐atom sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Datashak (Amaranthus lividus) are climate-smart, stress-resistant, C4 leafy vegetables. Fourteen datashak genotypes were evaluated in three replicates during the summer growing season at Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University. The results revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes, indicating a wide range of variability. By considering the genetic parameters, selection was performed based on the total biomass per plant (TBPP), shoot weight (SW), stem weight (StW), and shoot length to improve the biological yield (BY) of the genotypes. The correlation results revealed that almost all the features showed a significant increase in the BY of datashak. The StW, root length, leaf weight, and SW demonstrated a strong direct and positive effect on and a noteworthy genotypic association with the BY, indicating that direct choice depending on these traits will be useful for enhancing the BY of datashak. The datashak accessions were divided into four clusters based on the Euclidean distance matrix using Ward's statistics method. Clusters II and III datashak might be selected for the next breeding programs based on the mean cluster values and distances within the clusters and between clusters since these two clusters had superior mean values for the majority of the characteristics. Redtower and Data (cross) could be selected as multitrait high-performance accessions based on the multitrait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI), as these datashak displayed balanced traits related to the SW, StW, TBPP, and BY without assigning weights, and were free from multicollinearity. Lalgolapi, Lolita, and BARI lalshak-1 were more promising than the others due to their strong positive contributions; therefore, choosing these datashak accessions would be better in terms of the yield, according to the principal component analysis, heatmap, and cluster dendrogram. These datashak accessions could be considered high-yielding, promising varieties for future breeding activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational intelligence (CI) has become one of the most useful and successful tools for dealing with uncertainties and complex problems in many fields, such as neural networks, genetic algorithms, and swarm intelligence, artificial intelligence, risk management, financial monitoring, etc. With the development of CI, abundant publications have arisen related to many research directions and hotspots. Based on the technical support from bibliometrics and the corresponding approach as well as the content analysis, this study conducts a science mapping analysis and a coherent knowledge picture of the research field in CI. The research contributes to clear future development trends and provides more ideas for scholars in this field. First, this paper focuses on the fundamental characteristics of CI publications, including annual numbers, term co-occurrence, and hot research directions, as the preliminary exploration of this field. Then, according to the widely used core database, i.e., Web of Science (WoS), and the technologies of software, VOS viewer, and CiteSpace, the productive institutions, authors, and journals are explored. Next, the corresponding internal characteristics of the CI research are analyzed, including the citation features of countries/regions, institutions, journals and authors. Furthermore, to analyze the development trend of research hotspots, the keywords of all CI publications are studied: (a) classifying them into three phases in chronological order aimed; (b) implementing the burst detection algorithm to intuitively reflect the scientific research in the field of CI. Finally, this paper provides a relatively throughout perspective for the CI articles and reviews and discloses the future development trend, which will help the scholars interested in this area conduct deep research. We conclude this bibliometric overview with the limitations and recommendations for future research in the field of CI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses potential toxic elements detection in conventional nail polish, including Cr and Pb. The noteworthy results highlight well‐established potential risks of elevated Cr and Pb concentrations. These elements are not allowed in the European Union. Implementing the minimum spanning tree (MST) approach and the isolation forest algorithm effectively clustered samples. Forty‐five samples were analyzed, and four clusters were identified. Two presented six samples with high concentrations of Fe (Cluster 1 with four samples) and Cr and Pb (Cluster 2 with two samples). The other 39 samples presented low concentrations of the determined elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Pb). Cadmium, Zn, and Mn were not detected in any of the analyzed samples. Furthermore, integrating energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (ED‐XRF) and laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) enabled fast direct analysis of nail polish samples, streamlining a swift and reliable data acquisition process. This research underscores the importance of ongoing vigilance and monitoring of potential health hazards associated with nail polish formulations, especially in regions with regulatory restrictions on certain elements. The study examined toxic elements in nail polish, particularly Cr and Pb, which are banned in the EU. Using MST and isolation forest algorithms, 45 samples were analyzed, revealing four clusters: one with high Fe concentrations and another with high Cr and Pb. The remaining samples had low concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Pb. Cd, Zn, and Mn were undetected. ED‐XRF and LIBS facilitated rapid analysis. The research emphasizes monitoring health hazards in nail polish formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flashiness refers to the rapidity and frequency of fluctuations in river flow. It can provide insights into flooding, by capturing dramatic increases in river flow, as well as contaminant transport, relating to concentrations of diffuse pollution. Despite a very well gauged river system, there is limited research in Great Britain targeting this component of river flow. This study addresses that gap in knowledge, with a detailed spatio-temporal analysis of river flashiness in Great Britain. Using 513 gauging stations, with historical records of at least 30 years, the average Richards–Baker flashiness index ( R B I ¯ ) was calculated for 1990–2020, showing an overall west- (0.6–0.8) to east-coast (0.1–0.2) gradient, being higher in the west (with the exception of some gauges in the south-east). Employing random forest models, the main predictor for flashiness was found to be soil composition, with some additional region-specific predictors. These include flood attenuation by reservoirs and catchment areas, affecting flashiness in the north and west of Great Britain. Additionally, using a subset of 208 gauging stations with data recorded from 1970 to 2020, a temporal analysis examined significant breakpoints and/or trends in yearly flashiness, using the Pettitt test and Mann–Kendall trend test, respectively. Increases in flashiness were found mainly in the north-east and south-west of Great Britain, with implications in flooding and river health. On a seasonal scale, and using a monthly R B I ¯ , the timing of flashy events was found to oscillate between autumn and spring over the 50 years, gravitating around winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rootstocks, which are becoming increasingly important in viticulture, influence the growth, yield, and grape quality of the grafted variety. Therefore, understanding the resistance characteristics of rootstocks to phylloxera, nematodes, environmental conditions, and abiotic and biotic stresses is crucial. Selecting a rootstock that is appropriate for the region where the vineyard will be established optimizes grape quality. The aim of this research is to determine the performance of the cv. Papazkarası on different rootstocks. For this purpose, an experiment was established at Irem Çamlica Viticulture and Winery Co. vineyard in Kırklareli province. Ten-year-old Papazkarası vines grafted onto 1103P, 110R, and 420A rootstocks were used as plant material. To determine the growth of the vines, parameters such as shoot elongation rate (cm/week), shoot length changings (cm), pruning wood weight (PW) (kg/vine), vigor (g), puissance, number of buds per square meter (number), balanced pruning buds number (number/vine), vegetative growth (VG), Ravaz Index (RI), Partridge Index (PI), and yield (kg/vine) were examined. Additionally, to determine cluster characteristics, cluster width and length (cm), weight (g), and the volume of gappy and spaceless clusters (cm³) were measured. The results of the research indicated that the 1103P rootstock had the lowest yield, puissance, RI, PI, and VG values; moderate values for PW, vigor, number of shoots, number of berries per cluster, and cluster length; and the highest values for cluster weight, the volume of gappy and spaceless clusters. The 110R rootstock was found to be more balanced compared to other rootstocks, with the highest values for vigor, RI, and PI; average values for yield, puissance, and VG; and the lowest values for PW, number of shoots, number of berries per cluster, cluster length, weight, and the volume of gappy and spaceless clusters. The 420A rootstock had the highest values for yield, PW, VG, number of shoots, number of berries per cluster, and cluster width and length; average values for RI, PI, cluster weight, and the volume of gappy and spaceless clusters; and the lowest value for one-year-old cane weight. In conclusion, based on the characteristics outlined, a selection can be made from these rootstocks according to cultivation purposes, but other rootstocks should also be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research paper aims to build a composite index of the financial performance of companies, to find if the impact of the COVID-19 crisis was significantly positive for most manufacturing companies listed on Bucharest Stock Exchange, and to look if the manufacturing companies were resilient being prepared with savings that could have mitigate the effects of this pandemic crisis. The results of the FE model selected show that 31.67% of the company's equity variation is justified by the two independent variables, the stronger correlation of equity being with reserves. Based on the composite index of financial performance built, the manufacturing companies were grouped in three clusters: a cluster with low financial performance companies (z < 4), a cluster with good financial performance companies (4 = z = 8) and a cluster with high financial performance companies (z > 8). The third cluster groups the most analysed companies, on which the pandemic crisis had a positive impact, which achieved the highest financial performance; they are those companies that take advantage from the COVID-19 crisis, adapting their business strategy to the market conditions imposed. The article adds value to the specialty literature by building the financial performance's composite indicator, clustering the manufacturing companies by financial performance' Z-score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pediatric athletes with concussion present with a variety of impairments on clinical assessment and require individualized treatment. The Buffalo Concussion Physical Examination is a brief, pertinent clinical assessment for individuals with concussion. The purpose of this study was to identify physical examination subtypes in pediatric athletes with concussion within 2 weeks of injury that are relevant to diagnosis and treatment. Design: Secondary analysis of a published cohort study and clinician consensus. Setting: Three university-affiliated sports medicine centers. Participants: Two hundred seventy children (14.961.9 years). Independent Variables: Orthostatic intolerance, horizontal and vertical saccades, smooth pursuits, vestibulo-ocular reflex, near-point convergence, complex tandemgait, neck range of motion, neck tenderness, and neck spasm. Main Outcome Measures: Correlations between independent variables were calculated, and network graphs were made. k-means and hierarchical clustering were used to identify clusters of impairments. Optimal number of clusters was assessed. Results were reviewed by experienced clinicians and consensus was reached on proposed subtypes. Results: Physical examination clusters overlapped with each other, and no optimal number of clusters was identified. Clinician consensus suggested 3 possible subtypes: (1) visio-vestibular (horizontal and vertical saccades, smooth pursuits, and vestibulo-ocular reflex), (2) cervicogenic (neck range of motion and spasm), and (3) autonomic/balance (orthostatic intolerance and complex tandemgait). Conclusions: Although we identified 3 physical examination subtypes, it seemed that physical examination findings alone are not enough to define subtypes that are both statistically supported and clinically relevant, likely because they do not include symptoms, assessment of mood or cognitive problems, or graded exertion testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are debates about cluster heterogeneity, network structures, and innovations. The difference in the degree to which firms joined in the internal and external networks of heterogeneous clusters can affect innovation performance. There is still a lack of empirical evidence on how networks or spatial factors can differentially affect innovation efficiency due to cluster heterogeneity. China has endogenous clusters formed by small and medium‐sized firms and numerous clusters mainly based on government planning instrument, such as industrial zones and high‐tech parks. There are controversies over these planned cluster, such as insufficient firm connections and weak innovation effectiveness.Cluster innovation is a complex socio‐economic process that combines endogenous context, exogenous factors and interacts with multi‐spatial relationships. This perspective may explain the differences in which heterogeneous clusters improve efficiency. This paper draws on first‐hand data obtained from 188 questionnaires. The Lingang Equipment Manufacturing Cluster in Shanghai and the Taizhou Machine Tool Manufacturing Cluster in Zhejiang serve as examples of heterogeneous clusters. We combine the cluster's endogenous and exogenous characteristics, network size and strength of network ties, and local and non‐local innovation spaces to discuss the impact on innovation efficiency. Expecting to provide a reference for improving the innovation efficiency of heterogeneous clusters in developing economies. The results suggest that regardless of local or non‐local scales, exogenous clusters have a more pronounced effect of local network size and non‐local tie strength on innovation performance based on demand for proximity to customers and suppliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to redefine tourism development from a holistic regional perspective? On Costa Brava (Spain), known as a sun and beach destination, alternative strategies are being explored to strengthen territorial resilience through the promotion of existing products, such as music festivals. A mixed methods research based on the qualitative analysis of interviews with key informants and the quantitative analysis of a battery of indicators will provide the necessary information to analyse the potential of these festivals in a context where the dependence towards tourism and the nature of the tourism model itself are being contested. Lessons learnt from last decade might contribute to a more adequate tourism development in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Understanding the mode of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) transmission is crucial for disease prevention and control. Compared to traditional genotyping methods, whole genome sequencing (WGS) provides higher resolution and comprehensive genetic information, enabling the tracing of infection sources and determining of transmission routes to resolve extensive tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks. We conducted a ten-year study on the transmission of M. tuberculosis in a population in eastern China. Patients and Methods: We selected Lianyungang, an eastern city in China, as the study site. Patients diagnosed with active pulmonary TB from 2011 to 2020 were enrolled as the study subjects. We isolated and sequenced 2252 M. tuberculosis. Strains with pairwise genetic distances of less than 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms were defined as genomic clusters and which were considered recent transmissions. Kernel density estimation and K-function analysis were applied to explore the spatial distribution of recently transmitted strains. Results: After excluding non-tuberculous mycobacteria and duplicated samples, 2114 strains were included in the final analysis. These strains comprised lineage 2 (1593, 75.35%) and 4 (521, 24.65%). There were 672 clustered strains, with a recent transmission rate of 31.79%. The logistic regression model showed that the risk of recent transmission was high in students [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63– 4.49, P< 0.001] and people infected with L2.2.1 strains (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.20– 2.12). Higher spatial aggregation of TB transmission has been concentrated in Haizhou, Donghai, and Guanyun for the past 10 years. Three outbreaks affecting 46 patients were spatially spaced, with 11 to 23 persons each. Different groups exhibited varying geographic distances between the initial and later cases. Conclusion: There are areas with a high risk of transmission for M. tuberculosis in the research site, and the risk varies among different populations. Accurate prevention strategies targeted at specific regions and key populations can help curb the prevalence of TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In managing business processes of complex hierarchical systems, primary attention is given to analysing, accelerating, and optimising the basic processes typical for any company. The goal of this work is to prove that while managing business processes, it is crucial to consider the peculiarities of the external and internal environment to determine the effects of individual triggers. An example of business process analysis was provided regarding the peculiarities of managing IT service companies operating in a dynamic environment of rapid technological changes. The business processes analysis of IT service companies in Ukraine was conducted. Business process groups characterised by low use of labour and financial resources and excessive and high levels of risk management were determined. An algorithm for optimising the IT company's business processes was developed. Simulation and optimisation models for managing IT company business processes were developed using scenario modelling and simulation techniques. Based on these models, a predictive evaluation of management impacts on business processes was conducted, representing individual clusters according to defined management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Clustering strategy in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) affects the lifetime, adaptability, and energy productivity of the wireless network system. The low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol is a convention used to improve the lifetime of WSNs. In this paper, a novel energy-efficient clustering algorithm is proposed, with the aim of improving the energy efficiency of WSNs by reducing and balancing the energy consumptions. The clustering-based convention adjusts the energy utilization by allowing an equal opportunity for each node to turn them into a cluster head (CH). Two-level clustering (TLC) is introduced by adopting LEACH convention where CH selection process undergoes first and second level of clustering to overcome boundary problem in LEACH protocol. The TLC method structures nodes within the scope of the appointed CHs, in order to extend the lifetime of the system. The simulation results show that, in comparison with state-of-the-art methodologies, our proposed method significantly enhanced the system lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) includes groups of stationary or moving vehicles linked by a wireless network. The significant usage of VANET is to offer comfort and safety to drivers in road environments. VANET provides a communication framework that aids in minimizing accidents. Also, sharing data in VANET is time-sensitive and necessitates vigorous and quick network link formation. However, appropriate routing is critical to avoid the streaming issues that occur in VANET applications. This research area is of great concern to the researchers, and this work intends to propose a new Cluster-based VANET routing model with steps like (a) optimal cluster head selection (CHS) and (b) appropriate gateway selection for data transmission. Here, the optimal CHS takes place considering the Packet delivery ratio (PDR), mean routing load, end-to-end (e2e) Delay, Throughput, and packet overhead. This paper introduced a new Customized hunger's foraging honey badger with a Dynamic multi-objective non-sorted genetic algorithm (CHFHB-DMNSGA). Also, the gateway selection is done under two objectives: Vehicular gateway mobility and receiver signal strength, respectively. Finally, the paper presented a comparative assessment to validate the effectiveness of the adopted algorithm CHFHB-DMNSGA over the other algorithms like R-NSGA-II, NSGA-III, NSGA-II, HBA, HGS, ABC, FF, CSO, ACO, LA, MHB-GA, GA-FF, and HFCHBO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the Chinese tourism services market and the prospects for its development in the context of the public policy of the PRC.Tasks. Research objectives: perform a cluster analysis of entrepreneurial activity in the field of tourism, construct a diagram of the distribution of travel agencies by clusters; comply with the current state of the tourism services market in terms of key metrics; study government support measures for the industry; determine the prospects for the development of the tourism services market of the PRC and Russian-Chinese cooperation in the context of the implementation of the new “double circulation” strategy.Methods. Methodological basis and research methods: systematic approach, logical analysis, synthesis, cluster and regression analysis, content analysis of open sources.Results. The results obtained: the supply-side model of China’s modern tourism landscape includes three clusters; The specificity of China’s domestic tourism market is the holiday tourism segment; a new driver of economic growth is domestic tourism, the preferences of domestic tourists reflect a wide range of interests; the system of state support for tourism includes direct and indirect methods that adapt to changes in the external and internal environment.Conclusions. With a high probability, the prospects for cooperation between the PRC and the Russian Federation are assessed quite highly; favorable factors in the development of Russian-Chinese cooperation are the opening of new “windows of opportunity” after the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the restriction of outbound tourist flows to unfriendly countries and changes in the vector towards the BRICS countries, SCO, and EAEU.

Sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is one of the major the Generation Ⅳ nuclear reactors, which utilizes the liquid sodium as the coolant. Despite of the excellent heat-transfer characteristic and low neutron absorption cross-section, the liquid sodium suffers the serious accident risks due to the high chemical reactivity of sodium atoms, especially when liquid sodium contacts with water or steam during the break accident. Recently, the liquid sodium nanofluid, obtained by dispersing the transition metal nanoparticles in liquid sodium (Nano-LS), have been gained wide consideration due to the enhancement to the coolant performance, especially the suppression of the reactivity of sodium atoms. However, the reported experimental or theoretical works mainly focused on the Nano-LS doped with titanium nanoparticles. The influence of transition metal type and the suppression mechanism is still ambiguous from the atomic scale. Theoretical chemistry is an effective tool to reveal the special natures of the Nano-LS. Hence, detailed theoretical computations based on the density functional theory and electronic structure analysis were performed to reveal the stability of three representative 3d transition metal clusters, TMn (namely, Ti, Fe and Cu, with atom number n from 2 to 13), and clarify the interaction characteristic between TMn and sodium atoms. The TMn representative structures were accessed according to the artificial bee colony algorithm for cluster global optimization using ABCluster code. Structures and energies of TMn and Na-TMn with different multiplicities were further calculated to obtain the most energy stable isomers based on TPSS functionals with the double zeta basis sets def2-SVP and triple zeta basis sets def2-TZVPP, respectively. The D3 Becke-Johnson damping correction was used to consider the dispersion interaction. The structure, electronic energy, electron affinity, ionization potential, and electronegativity of TMn were calculated to compare the cluster stability. And the adsorption sites on the TMn for sodium atom were predicted by the electrostatic potential mapped molecular van der Waals surface. Furthermore, the chemical stability, intra-molecular interaction (namely, independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition analysis), and charge transfer analysis were combined to illustrate the strength and nature of the interaction between sodium atom and TMn. All the DFT calculations were performed using the ORCA 5.0.4 program, and the wavefunction analysis were realized utilizing the Multiwfn 3.8 code. The results indicate that with the increase of atom numbers n, the average binding energies EA(n) for Tin, Fen and Cun increase. Meanwhile, the vertical electron affinity and vertical ionization potential tend to increase and decrease when the size of TMn becomes larger. The values of Mulliken electronegativity of different TMn shows size-independent. The electrostatic potential mapped molecular surface show that the Electrostatic potential minimum point always tends to located over the center of three transition metal atoms, which is considered as the interaction site to adsorb Na atoms. Overall, the Tin is more stable compared with Fen and Cun, while are less attractive for sodium atom. Mulliken electronegativity and electrostatic potential analysis are effective tools to predict the interaction strength and sites for Na-TMn complexes. The sodium atom is absorbed on the TMn mainly through van der Waals interaction, and has no significant effects on the structure of TMn clusters. The obtained atomic dipole moment corrected Hirshfeld population charges for Na-TMn indicate that the electron transfers from sodium atom to TMn. Hence, TMn are always carry the negative charge, which contributes to the suspension stability of TMn in liquid sodium.

Axially coordinated Fe 4 cluster enables graphene supported MN 4 multifunctional single-atom electrocatalysts for ORR, OER and HER. [Display omitted] Multifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are crucial for development of the key electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, for which single-atom catalyst (SAC) has present great promises. Very recently, some experimental works showed that structurally well-defined ultra-small transition-metal clusters (such as Fe and Co tetramers, denoted as Fe 4 and Co 4 , respectively), can efficiently modulate the catalytic behavior of SACs by axial coordination. Herein, taking the graphene-supported MN 4 SACs as representatives, we theoretically explored the feasibility of realizing multifunctional SACs for ORR, OER and HER by this novel axial coordination engineering. Through extensive first-principles calculations, from 23 candidates, IrN 4 decorated with Fe 4 (IrN 4 /Fe 4) is identified as the promising trifunctional catalyst with the theoretical overpotential of 0.43, 0.51 and 0.30 V for OER, ORR and HER, respectively. RhN 4 /Fe 4 and CoN 4 /Fe 4 are recognized as potential OER and ORR bifunctional catalysts. In addition, NiN 4 /Fe 4 exhibits the best ORR activity with an overpotential of 0.30 V, far superior to the pristine NiN 4 SAC (0.88 V). Electronic structure analyses reveal that the significantly enhanced ORR/OER activity can be ascribed to the orbital and charge redistribution of Ni/Ir active center, resulting from its electronic interaction with Fe 4 cluster. This work could stimulate and guide the rational design of graphene-based multifunctional SACs realized by axial coordination of small TM clusters, and provide insights into the modulation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]