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Product design and attractiveness are pivotal factors that determine people's positive reactions when viewing a product and may eventually affect their purchasing choices. Comprehending how people assess product design is crucial. Various studies have explored the link between product attractiveness and consumer behavior, but these were predominantly behavioral studies that offered limited insight into the neural processes underlying perceptions of product attractiveness. Gaining a deeper understanding of these neural mechanisms is valuable, as it enables the formulation of more objective design guidelines based on brain activity, enhancing product appeal and, ultimately, spurring consumer purchases. In our study, we sought to (1) elucidate the neural network engaged when individuals evaluate highly attractive product images, (2) delineate the neural network activated during the evaluation of less attractive product images, and (3) contrast the differences in neural networks between evaluations of highly and less attractive images. We utilized fMRI to investigate the neural activation patterns elicited by viewing product images of varying attractiveness levels. The results indicated distinct neural activations in response to the two types of attractive images. Highly attractive product images elicited activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the occipital pole, whereas less attractive product images stimulated the insula and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). The findings of this project provide some of the first insights of its kind and valuable insights for future product design, suggesting that incorporating more positive and rewarding elements could enhance product appeal. This research elucidates the neural correlates of people's responses to product attractiveness, revealing that highly attractive designs activate reward-related brain regions, while less attractive designs engage areas associated with emotional processing. These findings offer a neuroscientific basis for further studies on developing design strategies that align with consumers' innate preferences, potentially transforming product design and marketing practices. By leveraging this knowledge, designers can craft products that not only meet functional needs but also resonate more deeply on an esthetic level, thereby enhancing consumer engagement and purchase likelihood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Most existing research centers on examining the effects of sit–stand desks on sitting and standing positions, often overlooking the influence of the workplace environment and seat tilt angles on comfort. This study develops and constructs a model of a standing desk chair to address this gap and explores how seat tilt angles and various task conditions impact chair comfort. In this article, researchers adopt an innovative approach to evaluate the comfort of standing desk chairs, integrating the analysis of pressure distribution and electromyography signals. This holistic method not only delivers an objective assessment of chair comfort but also sheds light on how chairs affect muscle activity. Through the analysis of pressure distribution, researchers gain insight into how standing desk chairs support different body parts, enabling evaluation of their overall comfort and supportiveness. Furthermore, by incorporating electromyography signal analysis, researchers delve into the impact of chairs on muscle activity, thereby facilitating a more comprehensive evaluation of chair comfort. The distinctiveness of this integrated analytical approach lies in its consideration of both pressure distribution on the seated body and changes in muscle activity, resulting in a thorough and precise assessment of chair comfort. This research methodology provides valuable insights and guidance for the design and enhancement of standing desk chairs, ultimately improving user comfort and satisfaction. This study explores the health consequences of prolonged sitting by introducing a standing chair and examining the effects of seat tilt angles on comfort. Using synchronized pressure distribution testing and surface electromyographic (sEMG) signal analysis, we assessed pressure and sEMG responses at tilt angles of 0°, 20°, and 40° during tasks such as computer work, writing, and ironing. Initial measurements with body pressure distribution sensors targeted the buttocks and feet, while surface electromyographic equipment captured signals from the bilateral lumbar erector spinae, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius muscles. MATLAB processing facilitated the analysis of integrated electromyographic values and mean power frequencies, elucidating the effects of tilt angles on comfort. Our research findings indicate that a 20° tilt angle significantly enhances comfort during computer and writing tasks and noticeably increases the comfort of the erector spinae muscles during ironing. Conversely, a 0° tilt angle is more beneficial for the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius muscles. These results underscore the importance of selecting appropriate tilt angles to improve comfort across various tasks. Furthermore, integrating pressure sensors and surface electromyographic signals enables a comprehensive evaluation of chair ergonomic quality, offering valuable insights for chair design optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of auditorium chairs can directly reflect the image of public spaces. At present, the development of public furniture is relatively slow compared to household and office furniture. The design of auditorium chairs on the market is severely homogenized, relying on past experience and lacking scientific guidance. In order to create a better indoor public activity environment for users, from the perspective of user needs, first of all, 21 user needs for auditorium chairs were obtained through semi-structured interviews. Then, the Kano model was used to determine the attribute positioning of each demand. Finally, the FAST method was used to transform user demands into functions, assisting in the design optimization of hall chairs and promoting the future development of public furniture. The results indicate that the design of auditorium chairs must meet safety and stability, and the comfort and rechargeability of the seats are the most important needs of users. In the future, the functional design of auditorium chairs also needs to consider intelligent applications. The study applies a Kano-FAST integration method to the design innovation of auditorium chairs, providing data support for the development of furniture enterprise auditorium chairs and promoting product upgrading and optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the functional and emotional needs of users for outdoor leisure chairs, the three-level theory of harmonious design was applied. A product design process was put together based on the Kano model and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The Kano model obtained demand attributes and influence coefficients, while the AHP obtained total weights. The target products were designed and evaluated based on the three-level theory of harmonious design to improve the user experience and satisfaction of outdoor leisure chairs. The attribute categories of harmonious demand were obtained based on the Kano model, and the harmonious demands were ranked by importance. The design analysis and design practice were conducted with the goal of harmonious design. The AHP was used to analyze the comprehensive weights of the index factors, evaluate the user satisfaction of the three design schemes, and conduct consistency test and feasibility verification of the design schemes. The optimal design scheme was selected based on the total weight mean of three design schemes. The design and analysis method based on the Kano-AHP model can focus on user demand. It can objectively and efficiently analyze design pain spots, and effectively guide the harmonious design practice, which improves user satisfaction and market transformation efficiency of creative products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ergonomics are key in the design and application of Ming-style chairs. However, there are presently few specific design frameworks to guide Ming-style chair design. Under this background, the present study developed a questionnaire on the ergonomic design of Ming-style chairs and assessed its validity and reliability. Fifty-two respondents involved in the design and manufacture of Ming-style chairs participated in this study. The statistics of the questionnaire were analyzed and yielded a significant reliability coefficient (α > 0.70, p < 0.01). This ergonomic design framework study of Ming-style chairs analyzed the domains of Chair Form, Aesthetics, Safety, Comfort, Ease-of-use, and Productivity. To assess the importance of various design elements, we used a five-point Likert scale to score items within each domain. This scoring system enabled us to prioritize features, allowing the designers to focus on the essential elements before beginning the design process. We found that designers and manufacturers focused primarily on the Four-headed Official Chair with Armrests form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The house of quality (HOQ), which serves as the initial matrix in quality function deployment (QFD), is widely employed to set the technical objectives for engineering characteristics. Nevertheless, there exist methodological deficiencies within the HOQ, concerning the assessment of relationship ratings between customer requirements and engineering characteristics, as well as the lack of a structured process for determining design specifications. Therefore, this study proposes a formal HOQ procedure to determine the technical targets of engineering characteristics. The swing method and a specific normalization technique are utilized to incorporate correlations between engineering characteristics, aiming to improve relationship ratings. Additionally, an optimization model has been devised to maximize customer satisfaction within the constraints of available organizational resources. The procedure is illustrated using a wooden dining chair design as an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laparoscopic surgeons can experience musculoskeletal disorders due to standing for long periods during surgical procedures. Surgery chair can help laparoscopic surgeons in overcoming these problems so that they carry out surgical procedures in a sitting position. However, the surgery chairs currently on the market use a hand-controlled pedal for the lifting mechanism, which is an obstacle for laparoscopic surgeons because it interferes with the concentration of the hands in using surgical tools. This study contributes to the development of the latest design of a surgery chair designed for Indonesian laparoscopic surgeons with a foot-controlled pedal so that it does not interfere with the concentration of the laparoscopic surgeon in using surgical tools to carry out surgical procedures. The lifting mechanism of the proposed surgery chair uses a worm gear with the rationalization of the rotation lock, space efficiency, and minimizes sound when lifting mechanism. Computational simulations via the finite element method were carried out on the mechanical components of the current surgery chair to analyze the von Mises stress under the down, middle, and top lifting mechanism conditions. The von Mises stress results show that the proposed surgery chair design is safe. This achievement is expected to be an initiation for the development of a better surgery chair in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of material design as a form of institutional power within contemporary school settings. Drawing on concepts of 'coercive design' and 'hostile architecture' from design studies, the paper examines three 'innovative' designs for classroom chairs – relatively mundane but integral elements of the regulation and disciplining of school space. It is argued that the design intentions of these material objects reveal a number of constrained, conservative intentions to maintain the traditional ordered notion of the classroom as a place where students stay in their seats and engage in work. Tellingly, however, this corporeal manipulation and moderation is now couched in claims around desirable physiological and cognitive conditions for learning – with students' bodies seen as objects to arrange and constrain in ways deemed conducive for learning. The paper problematises this de-socialised view of classrooms, alongside the underpinning sense of design solutionism and (mis)appropriation of 'learning science' by product designers to justify their products' capacities to somehow cause learning to take place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To actualize an advanced smart factory, personalized products are important to develop immediately during the design stage, particularly when producing novel shapes, which demands experts with many design experiments. This study proposes an automated 3D shape design system that actively evolves into new products quickly during the design stage. The framework consists of a series of 3D-generated using variational autoencoder, classification with 3D convolution neural network, and evaluation models by analyzing new shape similarity to existing shapes through an autoencoder. The main objective of this study is to optimize the generative design process, reduce the need for human intervention, and automate design novelty evaluation, thereby addressing a significant research gap. The proposed framework was applied to create a new chair design procedure wherein new 43 chairs were generated in a single iteration with 989 existing chair shapes. The proposed framework for generative design of 3D chairs introduces a novel, automated approach through a variational autoencoder model and 3D convolutional neural network, addressing a research gap by streamlining the generative design process, reducing the need for human intervention, and providing automated evaluation of design novelty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TRIZ, also known as the theory of innovative problem-solving, has garnered attention from several proponents who advocate its merits as a systematic technique or toolkit that offers a rational framework for fostering creativity in pursuing innovation and creative problem-solving. The broad range of tools and procedures used in the TRIZ-based innovating enable the effective development of next-generation items while successfully enhancing existing ones. Using these tools and approaches may also facilitate the development of the necessary functionality and mitigate the costs associated with manufacturing processes, hence allowing the introduction of novel and enhanced products to be introduced into the market. This study aims to employ the TRIZ approach to develop an optimal laparoscopic chair design. The design of the laparoscopic chair was with a particular emphasis on ease and usability. The laparoscopic chair's design demonstrated adherence to ergonomic principles despite the absence of actual ergonomic testing. This design has the chair's adjustable components, which allow for height and level modifications, as well as customizable positioning to accommodate the preferences of the seated individual. The outcome of this design is comparable to laparoscopic chairs offered by medical corporations and preparing for the prototyping phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "Roof Extensions. Humans Wear Hats," explores the concept of hats as a metaphor for collaborations in architectural design. The author uses a painting of a train station in 1904 to illustrate the presence of hats as a form of human communication and expression. The article discusses the importance of collaboration in the design process and how it can be applied to the analysis, development, and generation of ideas. The author also examines a neighborhood in Munich and its diverse characteristics, emphasizing the value of preserving and building upon existing collaborations. The work presented in the article is based on the author's master's thesis and emphasizes the importance of understanding complexity and contradiction in architecture. [Extracted from the article]

The Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA), a machine learning tool, was used to develop a model to identify product styles, and the style of classic chairs was determined using the model. Data used to develop the model consisted of 100 images of four styles of chairs such as Windsor, Shaker, Thonet, and Ming. After pre-processing the images using the image filters of WEKA, the images were used to train the model to classify chair styles. The accuracy of the model ranged from 96 to 98%. This validated the performance of the proposed method in classifying the styles of chairs, which helps the design of new chairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Using Structural Design to Reduce Product Development Costs and Increase Patient Active Rehabilitation Motivation. In order to meet the diversified rehabilitation needs of people, it is necessary to design a product for the active rehabilitation of patients. Existing rehabilitation chairs use intelligent massage, which can cause problems such as large massage areas, inability to massage locally, large chair size, and inability to meet the continuous use of the damaged parts. In this paper, the modular design method and multi-layer evaluation method are used to solve the problems related to rehabilitation chairs. The authors use the questionnaire survey method and the functional technology matrix method to determine the functional requirements of the rehabilitation chair, and then use the multilevel evaluation methods, including the AHP method, entropy weight method, and grey correlation analysis, to optimize the functional solutions of the rehabilitation chair, and finally obtain a chair for the rehabilitation of patients with upper and lower limb disorders. Problems such as the generalization of rehabilitation scope and non-durable use of components were solved, and the purpose of active exercise was achieved. This study verifies that the use of the multilevel decision evaluation method can effectively improve the efficiency of program decision-making and provides a theoretical and practical basis for the design of similar products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken with the aim of engineering an ergonomic chair tailored specifically for cobblers in the Malang Regency, taking into account anthropometric measurements, the Nordic body map, and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment method. Musculoskeletal disorders, often resulting from prolonged sitting and incorrect posture, represent significant occupational hazards for them. To mitigate these health risks, the study employed the analysis of Nordic body maps to quantify complaints based on body points, and determined anthropometric dimensions to guide the design of ergonomically correct chairs. The aspiration is that the findings of this study will diminish the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, while enhancing the productivity and work quality of cobblers. Cobblers are particularly susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders in the waist and left calf areas, along with the back, hips, right thigh, right calf, left foot, and right foot. Insights gleaned from the Nordic body maps analysis and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment method demonstrated the need for modifications to the traditional cobbler chair to reduce these risks. Consequently, an innovative ergonomic chair was designed, incorporating anthropometric dimensions and several distinctive features, including an adjustable tilt angle on the backrest, a height-adjustable seat base, and a seat base that conforms to the load conditions of the buttocks and thighs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The relationship between the functional dimensions of the furniture and a user’s anthropometric dimensions is crucial for safety and functionality. The weight and dimensions of the user's body significantly affect the functional dimensions of the furniture, especially for overweight users. This paper is focused on the concept of chair structural design, which is suitable for bariatric users, including the application of additional reinforcing structural components. Such components are expected to improve the stiffness and strength properties of the chair structure, and it provides the possibilities to a chair design with improved ergonomic parameters. To increase rigidity and reinforce the frame structure of a chair for obese users, the side stretchers, middle braces inserted under seat and armrests are used. The main goal of the different structural designs of chair frames is to minimize internal forces acting in the structural components of the chair. The finite element method (FEM) was used to determine the internal forces and stress-strain state in the structural elements of the chair, starting with the standard design of the chair frame and comparing different design variants. A synergistic effect is obtained, making the bariatric chair durable and ergonomic, without stigmatizing its users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chair design is one of the most demanding and most challenging tasks for designers, to which creative efforts of numerous architects have been continuously linked. Since the beginning of the twentieth century the intensity of these efforts has not diminished. By creating an ideal microcosm around an essential everyday object, architects also express their understanding of space and time. A chair, like architecture, occupies a position in space that it also defines. The paper analyses three groups of chairs characteristic of the 20th century, different in terms of typology and morphology. Their architectonics are marked by a specific functional, formal and constructive idea, by concrete production possibilities and by technological procedures in the working of individual materials. Notably, reclining chairs, cantilever chairs with steel tube constructions and office chairs. The model of analysis put forward could also serve as a point of departure for future more extensive research into the same, or different, typological and morphological design. Three Croatian chair models are placed in the context of the pertaining design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformation-Biomimicry Theoretical Framework (T-BTF) helps designers reduce the production costs of materials while optimizing the effectiveness of the furniture to achieve the desired functions. T-BTF has proven its potential in accelerating the chair design process based on a workshop conducted at Sunway University. A group of Interior Design students managed to design a piece of biomimicry chair by using T-BTF as a framework with a more well-thought design facilitating the transformation of Rafflesia's structure in 40 minutes. The outcomes showed new design solutions that portray Malaysian identity most vividly and the efficiency of the furniture is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined a system-level perspective to investigate the changes in the whole trunk and head postures while sitting with various lower extremity postures. Background: Sitting biomechanics has focused mainly on the lumbar region only, whereas the anatomy literature has suggested various links from the head and lower extremity. Method: Seventeen male participants were seated in six lower extremity postures, and the trunk kinematics and muscle activity measures were captured for 5 s. Results: Changes in the trunk-thigh angle and the knee angle affected the trunk and head postures and muscle recruitment patterns significantly, indicating significant interactions between the lower extremity and trunk while sitting. Specifically, the larger trunk-thigh angle (T135°) showed more neutral lumbar lordosis (4.0° on average), smaller pelvic flexion (1.8°), smaller head flexion (3.3°), and a less rounded shoulder (1.7°) than the smaller one (T90°). The smaller knee angle (K45°) revealed a more neutral lumbar lordosis (6.9°), smaller pelvic flexion (9.2°), smaller head flexion (2.6°), and less rounded shoulder (2.4°) than the larger condition (K180°). The more neutral posture suggested by the kinematic measures confirmed significantly less muscular recruitment in the trunk extensors, except for a significant antagonistic co-contraction. Conclusion: The lower and upper back postures were more neutral, and back muscle recruitment was lower with a larger trunk-thigh angle and a smaller knee angle, but at the cost of antagonistic co-contraction. Application: The costs and benefits of each lower extremity posture can be used to design an ergonomic chair and develop an improved sitting strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common health problems faced by individuals who sit for prolonged periods. The sitting design of office chairs has recently become an important aspect in preventing the musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of different chair types on trunk muscle activation. Material and Methods: Fifteen healthy participants (age 22.92 ± 3.40 years) were included in the study. Participants' muscle activations were assessed with the surface electromyography device while sitting and typing on the computer for 1 hour. These muscles were Thoracic Erector Spinae, Transversus Abdominus/Internal Oblique, and Upper Trapezius. Results: When two different types of chairs were compared, in the first 10 minutes, % Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction difference was observed only in the Thoracic Erector Spinae (p<0.05). Also, % Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction difference was found only in the Transversus Abdominus/Internal Oblique (p<0.05) during the last 10 minutes. No significant difference was identified in two chair types in terms of activation of Upper Trapezius (p>0.05). Conclusion: It should be considered that chair type may change the activation of trunk muscles in individuals working in a long-term sitting posture. Therefore, the use of ergonomic chairs suitable for the physiological needs of individuals should be recommended in order to encourage increased trunk muscle activation during prolonged sitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous improvement of living quality and aesthetics, people have increasingly higher requirements for furniture products. Excellent solid wood chairs are one of the most representative products in the furniture industry. To enhance space and taste, the design of chairs may significantly impact consumers' emotional experiences and purchase decisions. This study aims to evaluate how the modeling imagery of solid wood chairs affects consumers' preferences and emotional experiences. The development of the current era is inseparable from the analysis of big data. Firstly, a representative sample is obtained by multidimensional scaling (MDS), analyzed, and evaluated by factor analysis. Moreover, five groups of adjective vocabulary are selected to describe the modeling imagery of solid wood chairs, such as "balanced and coordinated", "unique and novel", "practical and simple", "quality and detailed", and "traditional and plain". Further, the triangular fuzzy theory is applied to analyze and discuss the twelve types of solid wood chairs in the five groups of adjective vocabulary. Then, the study verifies that the differences are significant in the evaluations of the 12 samples in the "unique and novel" and "quality and detailed" groups, and small in the groups of "traditional and plain", "balanced and coordinated", and "practical and simple". Through comprehensive comparisons, five groups with similar modeling imagery are created, and solid wood chairs with different modeling imagery should be placed in suitable spaces. According to the results of this study, the evaluation of the modeling imagery of solid wood chairs cannot solely rely on subjective judgments. However, it can be reasonably refined through data analysis and mathematical algorithms. It can also scientifically and effectively reflect the potential perception needs of consumers on the modeling imagery of solid wood chairs, as well as help to improve the design efficiency of the furniture product development stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chair is a piece of furniture whose elements are loaded with relatively high forces. The strength of these elements is vital for the safety of using this type of furniture. The research aims to test the chair material system made of beech wood. The authors analyzed laminated elements with 9, 11, and 13 layers of veneers. The veneers were 1.23 mm thick, with perpendicular fiber directions in adjacent layers, and bonded with 220 g/m2 of PVAc adhesive. The moisture content of the elements was 6 ± 1%. A three-point bending flexural test was performed to determine the stressstrain response of the tested three variants. A complementary numerical analysis allowed a more precise comparison of the three analyzed laminated elements variants. It was confirmed that all variants exceed the desired minimal values in chair support design. Moreover, the average strength values for tested laminated elements, differing in the number of veneers, were sufficient even with a reduced number of veneer layers. The experiments and numerical analysis results confirmed the usability of the three tested types of beech laminated elements to be used as highly loaded chair elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of user needs, a design evaluation system for dining room chairs that can meet user needs was established. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the user needs of a dining room chair were quantitatively analyzed by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Moreover, the comprehensive weight ranking of 14 factors in the object hierarchy was obtained, which provided the design focus and quantitative indexes for designers in the early stage of dining room chair design. Then, in the later stage of dining room chair design, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method was used to quantitatively evaluate the three design schemes and obtain the optimal design scheme. The experimental results showed that the user needs evaluation results were positively correlated with the "excellent" grade in the FAHP method. This indicated that the evaluation system realized a symmetry, reliability, and effectiveness between the user needs evaluation and FAHP. Therefore, it can be concluded that this evaluation system based on AHP and FAHP proposed in this study has reliability and validity, and it can be used for design evaluation to judge the popularity of products, enhance the competitiveness of products, and reduce product design costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboo furniture is made of green and environmentally friendly bamboo, there is a unique hand temperature and weaving beauty in addition to bamboo texture and characteristics. In the past, making bamboo furniture relied on the traditional experience of craftsmen, which had less change in appearance and lack of communication with customers, and could not meet the fashion and aesthetic needs of modern people. Therefore, this paper connects deep convolution neural network (DCNN) and deep convolution generative adversarial network (DCGAN) to generate bamboo furniture design that meets customers' emotional needs. First, based on collecting 17856 bamboo furniture in the market, DCNN builds product image recognition models and enhances image recognition performance, thereby optimizing computational efficiency and obtaining high-quality output. The optimal recognition rate of emotional data set throughout the chair product is 98.7%, of which the modern chair has a recognition rate of 99.2%, and the recognition rate of fashion bamboo chairs is 98.2%. Second, DCGAN learns a good intermediate feature from a large quantity of non-marked images and automatically generates product styling that arouses the emotional resonance of customers. Finally, the fashion designers use this creative picture as the source of inspiration, cooperate with individual characteristics and trends of the times, then design green sustainable bamboo chairs. These design plans have increased the variety of product modalities, which greatly enhances customers' emotional satisfaction and increases product sales. The collaborative design method proposed in this paper provides new ideas for generating the emotional design of bamboo furniture, which can also expand to other industrial product designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The building industry needs to innovate towards a more sustainable future and can do so through a combination of more renewable material choices and less wasteful fabrication processes. To address these issues, a hybrid material and fabrication system was developed using laminated timber veneer and natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFRPs), two materials that are leveraged for their potential of strategic material placement in additive processes towards programmed material behaviour and performance. The main contribution is in the hybrid fabrication approach, using thin, bent laminated veneer as an embedded frame for coreless filament winding of NFRP, which removes the need for temporary, wasteful formwork that is typically required to achieve structurally performative bent timber or FRP elements. Integrative methods are developed for the design, simulation, and fabrication of a rocking chair prototype that illustrates the architectural potential of the developed fabrication approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designers search for memories and retrieve appropriate mental information during design brainstorming. The specific contents of retrieved memories can serve as stimuli for new ideas, or act as barriers to innovation. These contents can be divided into different categories, which are reflected in designers' creativities, and derived from individual lives and design experiences. Appropriate categorization of retrieved memory exemplars remains a fundamental research issue. This study tentatively divided retrieved memory exemplars into eight categories from brainstorming on the topic of library desk and chair design. A verification questionnaire was performed and validated the accuracy of categorization. The categorization result could be applied to design education in terms of understanding students' design performances and capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low back pain (LBP) felt in the anatomical area of a person's body is affected by a load or pressure outside the tolerance limit, with various variations in the length of time the pain complaint process occurs. This pain is felt in the lumbar or lumbo-sacral area. Workers in the batik industry may be at risk of LBP caused by work activities, such as bending, repetitive or monotonous movements, using work equipment and a non-ergonomic work environment. This study aims to minimize the risk factors for LBP in batik creative industry workers. The population of this study were all batik artisans in the written batik industry in Wukirsari Village, Imogiri District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, totaling 1,021 people. The sample of this study was obtained by random sampling, to determine the sample using a lottery number and the name of the batik maker, totaling 60 batik people. The inclusion criteria for the sample of this study included female gender, writing batik work, working sitting using a chair. The sample consisted of a treatment group and a control group, each consisting of 30 batik makers, hereinafter referred to as respondents. The research instruments include: meter, microthoice, scales, chair, batik hurdle, and NBM questionnaire. Ergonomic work chair design for batik size: height of seat holder = 30 cm; length of seat holder = 40 cm; seat width = 37 cm; high back of chair = 43 cm; seat back width = 37 cm. Modification of batik gawangan is to redesign batik gawangan, material from bamboo diameter of about 3 cm, with size: height = 88 cm, width = 158 cm, 4-legged pieces, equipped with 3 watt LED lights. The results of the NBM in the treatment group decreased skeletal muscle complaints into criteria: low 96.7% and moderate 3.3%. The control group had skeletal muscle disorders criteria: low 23.3%, moderate 46.7%, high 20% and very high 10%. While the results of the t-test from the NBM data each of the 30 respondents between the treatment group and the control group, the value of p = 0.000 means that there are significant differences between respondents who use chairs and ergonomic modification modifications with respondents who use dingklik and gawangan which is old. The conclusion is that the use of chairs and modifications of the ergonomic batik wrestling can minimize the risk factors for LBP in the workers of the written batik creative industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]