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1. New Pharmacological Strategies for the Treatment of Non-Infectious Uveitis. A Minireview

Author

Rodrigo A. Valenzuela, Iván Flores, Beatriz Urrutia, Francisca Fuentes, Pablo E. Sabat, Carolina Llanos, Loreto Cuitino, and Cristhian A. Urzua

Subjects
uveitis, intraocular inflammation, biologics, anti-tumor necrosis factor, treatment, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is a group of disorders characterized by intraocular inflammation at different levels of the eye. NIU is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in working-age population in the developed world. The goal of uveitis treatment is to control inflammation, prevent recurrences, and preserve vision, as well as minimize the adverse effects of medications. Currently, the standard of care for NIU includes the administration of corticosteroids (CS) as first-line agents, but in some cases a more aggressive therapy is required. This includes synthetic immunosuppressants, such as antimetabolites (methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, and azathioprine), calcineurinic inhibitors (cyclosporine, tacrolimus), and alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil). In those patients who become intolerant or refractory to CS and conventional immunosuppressive treatment, biologic agents have arisen as an effective therapy. Among the most evaluated treatments, TNF-α inhibitors, IL blockers, and anti-CD20 therapy have emerged. In this regard, anti-TNF agents (infliximab and adalimumab) have shown the strongest results in terms of favorable outcomes. In this review, we discuss latest evidence concerning to the effectiveness of biologic therapy, and present new therapeutic approaches directed against immune components as potential novel therapies for NIU.

Published
2020
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2. Heme-Oxygenase-1 Is Decreased in Circulating Monocytes and Is Associated With Impaired Phagocytosis and ROS Production in Lupus Nephritis

Author

Loreto Cuitino, Javiera Obreque, Patricia Gajardo-Meneses, Alejandra Villarroel, Natalia Crisóstomo, Ignacio F. San Francisco, Rodrigo A. Valenzuela, Gonzalo P. Méndez, and Carolina Llanos

Subjects
lupus nephritis, monocytes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), renal biopsies, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Based on studies showing the potential role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme and has anti-inflammatory properties in SLE development, we decided to explore HO-1 in LN. Accordingly, we evaluated HO-1 levels and function in circulating and infiltrating monocytes and neutrophils of LN patients. HO-1 levels were assessed in peripheral monocytes of LN patients and controls by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated to determine the effect of HO-1 in monocyte function. In addition, renal biopsies with proliferative LN were used to identify HO-1 in infiltrating cells and renal tissue by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Biopsies of healthy controls (HC) and patients who underwent nephrectomy were included as controls. Circulating pro-inflammatory monocytes and activated neutrophils were increased in LN patients. HO-1 levels were decreased in all subsets of monocytes and in activated neutrophils. LN monocytes showed increased phagocytosis and higher production of ROS than those of HC. When HO-1 was induced, phagocytosis and ROS levels became similar to those of HC. HO-1 was mostly expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC). Renal tissue of LN patients showed lower levels of HO-1 than HC, whereas infiltrating immune cells of LN showed lower levels of HO-1 than biopsies of patients who had renal surgery. HO-1 is decreased in circulating monocytes and activated neutrophils of LN patients. HO-1 levels modulate the phagocytosis of LN monocytes and ROS production. HO-1 expression in RTEC might be an attempt of self-protection from inflammation.

Published
2019
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3. Innate Immune Cells' Contribution to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Author

Andrés A. Herrada, Noelia Escobedo, Mirentxu Iruretagoyena, Rodrigo A. Valenzuela, Paula I. Burgos, Loreto Cuitino, and Carolina Llanos

Subjects
lupus (SLE), innate immunity, dendritic cells, macrophage-cell, innate lymphoid cell, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens, immune complex deposition, and tissue damage in the kidneys, skin, heart and lung. Because of the pathogenic role of antinuclear antibodies and autoreactive T cells in SLE, extensive efforts have been made to demonstrate how B cells act as antibody-producing or as antigen-presenting cells that can prime autoreactive T cell activation. With the discovery of new innate immune cells and inflammatory mediators, innate immunity is emerging as a key player in disease pathologies. Recent work over the last decade has highlighted the importance of innate immune cells and molecules in promoting and potentiating SLE. In this review, we discuss recent evidence of the involvement of different innate immune cells and pathways in the pathogenesis of SLE. We also discuss new therapeutics targets directed against innate immune components as potential novel therapies in SLE.

Published
2019
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4. Un Recorrido de Estudio e Investigación (REI) codisciplinar para estudiar Matemática y Microeconomía en carreras de Ciencias Empresariales

Author

Clara Messano Divenuto, Viviana Carolina Llanos, and Luis Miguel Silveira

Subjects
recorridos de estudio investigación, modelo praxeológico de referencia, enseñanza de la matemática, enseñanza de la microeconomia, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Theory and practice of education, LB5-3640, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

Este trabajo presenta el diseño y análisis a priori de un Recorrido de Estudio e Investigación (REI) codisciplinar en Matemática y Microeconomía para la Universidad. Se adopta el referencial teórico de la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico (TAD) y los constructos teóricos REI, Modelo Praxeológico de Referencia (MPR). El desarrollo del MPR incluye un análisis de los saberes de Matemática y Microeconomía que potencialmente podrían estudiarse con el REI dado que el mismo ha sido diseñado para implementarlo en simultáneo con estudiantes que cursan Análisis Matemático (AM) y Microeconomía. El análisis del MPR realizado en este trabajo permite dar cuenta del potencial del REI y la viabilidad para llevar a cabo las implementaciones de este.

Published
2024
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5. Targeting Dendritic Cell Function during Systemic Autoimmunity to Restore Tolerance

Author

Juan P. Mackern-Oberti, Fabián Vega, Carolina Llanos, Susan M. Bueno, and Alexis M. Kalergis

Subjects
autoimmunity, tolerance, therapy, dendritic cells, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Systemic autoimmune diseases can damage nearly every tissue or cell type of the body. Although a great deal of progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, current therapies have not been improved, remain unspecific and are associated with significant side effects. Because dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in promoting immune tolerance against self-antigens (self-Ags), current efforts are focusing at generating new therapies based on the transfer of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) during autoimmunity. However, the feasibility of this approach during systemic autoimmunity has yet to be evaluated. TolDCs may ameliorate autoimmunity mainly by restoring T cell tolerance and, thus, indirectly modulating autoantibody development. In vitro induction of tolDCs loaded with immunodominant self-Ags and subsequent cell transfer to patients would be a specific new therapy that will avoid systemic immunosuppression. Herein, we review recent approaches evaluating the potential of tolDCs for the treatment of systemic autoimmune disorders.

Published
2014
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6. Análisis transpositivo en los libros de texto para la enseñanza Secundaria en Argentina en los últimos ochenta años: reformas educativas y transformaciones en el saber

Author

Viviana Carolina Llanos and Maria Rita Otero

Subjects
libros de texto, saber, matemática, escuela secundaria, reformas educativas, Education, Education (General), L7-991
Abstract

Se analizan 188 libros de texto de matemáticas para la escuela Secundaria en Argentina, editados entre 1940 y 2020. Los libros inicialmente se clasifican en cuatro periodos determinados principalmente por las grandes reformas educativas en Argentina, que inciden en la necesidad de modificar los libros vigentes. Se adopta la teoría antropológica de lo didáctico (TAD), especialmente las nociones de transposición didáctica, praxeología y escala de los niveles de codeterminación didáctica para describir los cambios y las transformaciones de las praxeologías relacionadas con las funciones polinómicas de segundo grado. El análisis permite identificar que los grandes cambios no ocurren con relación al conjunto de saberes que se propone estudiar, sino con una transformación en el tratamiento de estos, conforme se adaptan los libros a las características actuales.

Published
2024
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7. Contribution of dendritic cell/T cell interactions to triggering and maintaining autoimmunity

Author

Carolina Llanos, Leandro J Carreño, and Alexis M Kalergis

Subjects
dendritic cells, T cells, immunological synapse, autoimmunity, tolerance, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Under healthy conditions, there is a balance between tolerance to self-tissue constituents and immunity against foreign antigens. Autoimmunity diseases (AD) take place when that equilibrium is disrupted and the immune response is directed to self-antigens, leading to injury or destruction of host tissues. The mechanisms conducing to the loss of immune tolerance remain largely unknown. The recent appearance of biological therapies has contributed to significant reduction in morbidity. However, currently available therapies are associated with important side effects and work only as palliative treatments. Dendritic cells (DCs) have emerged as key players in developing and maintaining adaptive immunity due to their capacity to prime and modulate T cell function. Therefore, because DCs work as central modulators of immune tolerance, it is likely that alterations in their function can lead to the onset of autoimmune-inflammatory diseases. By modulating DC function, novel pathways in antigen-specific tolerance could be established. In this article, the possible contribution of altered DC-T cell interactions to the onset of autoimmunity are discussed. In addition, we expand on the notion that some of the functions of these cells could be relevant targets for intervening therapies aimed to restore the balance or even prevent the loss of tolerance.

Published
2011

8. Multiple imputation procedures allow the rescue of missing data: An application to determine serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) concentration values during the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients with anti-TNF therapy

Author

IRENE SCHIATTINO, RODRIGO VILLEGAS, ANDREA CRUZAT, JIMENA CUENCA, LORENA SALAZAR, OCTAVIO ARAVENA, BÁRBARA PESCE, DIEGO CATALÁN, CAROLINA LLANOS, MIGUEL CUCHACOVICH, and JUAN C AGUILLÓN

Subjects
multiple imputation, mixed model, TNF polymorphism, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Longitudinal studies aimed at evaluating patients clinical response to specific therapeutic treatments are frequently summarized in incomplete datasets due to missing data. Multivariate statistical procedures use only complete cases, deleting any case with missing data. MI and MIANALYZE procedures of the SAS software perform multiple imputations based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to replace each missing value with a plausible value and to evaluate the efficiency of such missing data treatment. The objective of this work was to compare the evaluation of differences in the increase of serum TNF concentrations depending on the ­308 TNF promoter genotype of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving anti-TNF therapy with and without multiple imputations of missing data based on mixed models for repeated measures. Our results indicate that the relative efficiency of our multiple imputation model is greater than 98% and that the related inference was significant (p-value < 0.001). We established that under both approaches serum TNF levels in RA patients bearing the G/A ­308 TNF promoter genotype displayed a significantly (p-value < 0.0001) increased ability to produce TNF over time than the G/G patient group, as they received successively doses of anti-TNF therapy.

Published
2005

9. Trabajo documental de los profesores de Matemática en servicio utilizando recorridos de estudio e investigación

Author

María Rita Otero, María Paz Gazzola, and Viviana Carolina Llanos

Subjects
Formación continua, Educación matemática, Enseñanza, Education, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691
Abstract

En esta investigación se describe el trabajo documental de 62 profesores de matemáticas en servicio, durante un curso universitario on-line, mientras utilizan un Recorrido de Estudio e Investigación (REI) para organizar la enseñanza, que involucra a las matemáticas propias de la escuela secundaria. Se emplean la Aproximación Documental de lo Didáctico (ADD) y la aproximación instrumental de lo didáctico para describir los esquemas de uso de los profesores en dos tipos de situaciones: estudiar y analizar el REI y luego organizar una enseñanza hipotética a partir de él. Se analizan la totalidad de las respuestas individuales escritas de los profesores para ambas tareas y se reconstruyen los posibles documentos que se generan en cada instancia. La investigación muestra la diversidad y la riqueza del trabajo documental de los profesores y las modificaciones que realizan al recurso, que ocurren principalmente en la situación de organizar la enseñanza y se caracterizan por reducir el cuestionamiento que es inherente a los REI.

Published
2022
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10. Co-disciplinary Physics and Mathematics Research and Study Course (RSC) within three study groups: teachers-in-training, secondary school students and researchers

Author

MARIA RITA OTERO, MARIA PAZ GAZZOLA, VIVIANA CAROLINA LLANOS, and MARCELO ARLEGO

Subjects
co-disciplinary research and study course, physics and mathematics teaching, modelling, Education, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

This work shows the results of a research carried out in secondary school and university developing a co-disciplinary Research and Study Course (RSC) on questions connected to Physics and Mathematics in different groups. We present preliminary results of the RSC developed in three different groups: science education researchers, 25 Mathematics teacher students (training teachers of Mathematics) at University, and 68 secondary school students. The development and scope of the RSC in each group is described by using the RSC components as defined by Chevallard’s Anthropological Theory of Didactics (ATD). Furthermore, a short description of the Praxeological Model of Reference is presented. This model was built by the researchers group in order to reply to the generative question, unknown in the beginning, and to anticipate and to conceive the evolution of the possible SRC in each institution. Some general results in each group are discussed and some conclusions concerning the ecology of the pedagogy of research and questioning the world at university and secondary schools are drawn.

Published
2016
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11. Formación de Profesores de Matemática en servicio: la organización de una enseñanza basada en preguntas.

Author

Maria Rita Otero and Viviana Carolina Llanos

Subjects
Special aspects of education, LC8-6691
Abstract

Durante un curso on-line de Didáctica de las Matemáticas, realizado por N=31 profesores en servicio, se analiza cómo ellos estudian una pregunta que podría engendrar un Recorrido de estudio e Investigación (REI). Los profesores investigaron la pregunta de manera individual y grupal, y luego se les propuso organizar una posible enseñanza adaptada a una institución conocida por ellos, basada en la pregunta. Los textos escritos producidos por los profesores se analizan empleando dos tipos de técnicas: una cualitativa y otra basada en métodos estadísticos lexicométricos. Los resultados describen las dificultades de los profesores en servicio para organizar una enseñanza conforme al paradigma de la investigación y el cuestionamiento del mundo.

Published
2019
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12. Álgebra Lineal y Geometría Analítica en carreras de Ingeniería: reporte de investigaciones

Author

María Rita Otero, Pablo Sabatinelli, and Viviana Carolina Llanos

Subjects
Philosophy, 010102 general mathematics, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, engineering education, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Education (General), mathematics teaching, linear algebra, analytic geometry, 0101 mathematics, Algebra over a field, lcsh:L7-991, 0503 education, Humanities, universities
Abstract

espanolEn este trabajo se analizan 168 investigaciones sobre Algebra Lineal (AL) yGeometria Analitica (GA) en la universidad,con el objetivo de conocer si estas abordan el fenomeno de la escision entre estos conocimientos e indagar acerca de los principales topicos que orientan la investigacion sobre estos temas. Se realiza un analisis utilizando tecnicas cualitativas obteniendo una categorizacion de manera inductiva. Los resultados permiten concluir que la escision entre AL y GA que opera en los programas de estudio, no es abordada por los investigadores. La mayoria se enfocan en describir y analizar las dificultades de los estudiantes frente a estos conocimientos, y entre las propuestas para ensenar se destaca la incorporacion de software. Solo una minoria consideran desde un punto de vista epistemologico, las bondades de una ensenanza hibrida entre AL y GA EnglishIn this paper, 168 researches on Linear Algebra (LA) and Analytic Geometry (AG) at the university are analyzed, with the objective of knowing if these researches deal with the phenomenon of the split between this knowledge and to investigate about the main topics that guide the research on these subjects. An analysis is made using qualitative techniques obtaining a categorization in an inductive way. The results allow us to conclude that the split between LA and AG that operates in the study programs is not addressed by the researchers. Most focus on describing and analyzing students' difficulties with this knowledge, and among the proposals for teaching, the incorporation of software stands out. Only a minority consider, from an epistemological point of view, the benefits of a hybrid teaching between LA and AG.

Published
2021

13. Polynomial functions resulting from the multiplication of curves in the framework of the Research and Study Paths

Author

Viviana Carolina Llanos, Maria Rita Otero, and Emmanuel Colombo Rojas

Subjects
Special aspects of education, LC8-6691
Abstract

This paper presents the results of a research which proposes the introduction of the teaching by Research and Study Paths (RSPs) into Argentinean secondary schools within the frame of the Anthropologic Theory of Didactics (ATD). The paths begin with the study of Q0: How to operate with any curves knowing only its graphic representation and the unit of the axes?, which was implemented for two consecutive years by 14-17 year-old students. The results of part of the paths that allows the study of the polynomial functions in the frame of RPS are hereby described. These results justify the introduction of a new pedagogy into schools as proposed by Yves Chevallard in order to study Mathematics in conventional courses of Secondary Education schools in Argentina. The scopes relative to the attitudes of the students which are necessary to face a questions-based education are outlined in this work.

Published
2015
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14. Heme-Oxygenase-1 Is Decreased in Circulating Monocytes and Is Associated With Impaired Phagocytosis and ROS Production in Lupus Nephritis

Author

Rodrigo A. Valenzuela, Natalia Crisostomo, Carolina Llanos, Alejandra Villarroel, Gonzalo P. Méndez, Patricia Gajardo-Meneses, Javiera Obreque, Loreto Cuitino, and Ignacio F. San Francisco

Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Adolescent, Phagocytosis, Immunology, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Lupus nephritis, Inflammation, Immunofluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Kidney, Monocytes, Flow cytometry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Original Research, lupus nephritis, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chemistry, Monocyte, phagocytosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Heme oxygenase, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, renal biopsies, Female, medicine.symptom, lcsh:RC581-607, Reactive Oxygen Species, Heme Oxygenase-1, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Based on studies showing the potential role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme and has anti-inflammatory properties in SLE development, we decided to explore HO-1 in LN. Accordingly, we evaluated HO-1 levels and function in circulating and infiltrating monocytes and neutrophils of LN patients. HO-1 levels were assessed in peripheral monocytes of LN patients and controls by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated to determine the effect of HO-1 in monocyte function. In addition, renal biopsies with proliferative LN were used to identify HO-1 in infiltrating cells and renal tissue by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Biopsies of healthy controls (HC) and patients who underwent nephrectomy were included as controls. Circulating pro-inflammatory monocytes and activated neutrophils were increased in LN patients. HO-1 levels were decreased in all subsets of monocytes and in activated neutrophils. LN monocytes showed increased phagocytosis and higher production of ROS than those of HC. When HO-1 was induced, phagocytosis and ROS levels became similar to those of HC. HO-1 was mostly expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC). Renal tissue of LN patients showed lower levels of HO-1 than HC, whereas infiltrating immune cells of LN showed lower levels of HO-1 than biopsies of patients who had renal surgery. HO-1 is decreased in circulating monocytes and activated neutrophils of LN patients. HO-1 levels modulate the phagocytosis of LN monocytes and ROS production. HO-1 expression in RTEC might be an attempt of self-protection from inflammation.

Published
2019

15. First Latin American clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: Latin American Group for the Study of Lupus (GLADEL, Grupo Latino Americano de Estudio del Lupus)-Pan-American League of Associations of Rheumatology (PANLAR)

Author

Alejandro Alvarellos, María Victoria Collado, Eduardo Ferreira Borba, Cristina Drenkard, Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra, Fernanda Athayde Cardoso Linhares, Bernardo A. Pons-Estel, Eloisa Bonfa, Alejandra Babini, João Carlos Tavares Brenol, Mariana A. Pera, Ignacio García Valladares, Cristian Gerling, Claudio Galarza-Maldonado, Jorge Cieza, Rubén A. Montúfar Guardado, María Celeste Orozco, Guillermo A. Berbotto, Mercedes A. García, Paula Alba Moreyra, Clovis A. Silva, Graciela Espada, Simone Appenzeller, Valeria Arturi, Mary Carmen Amigo, Margarita Duarte, Federico Popoff, Marina Scolnik, Carolina Llanos, Maria Jezabel Haye Salinas, Nilzio Antônio da Silva, Antonio Iglesias Gamarra, María Isabel Acosta Colmán, Roger A. Levy, Ignacio García-De La Torre, C. Gobbi, Lilian Tereza Lavras Costallat, Alicia Aquino, Silvana Conti, Yurilis J Fuentes-Silva, Ricardo Machado Xavier, Manuel F. Ugarte-Gil, Luis J. Catoggio, Juan M. Criniti, Roberto Muñoz-Louis, Hilda Fragoso-Loyo, Odirlei André Monticielo, Ariel Izcovich, Oscar Neira, Carlos Pineda, Judith Sarano, Sebastián Herrera Uribe, Ricardo Robaina Sevrini, Hugo R. Scherbarth, José A. Gómez-Puerta, Luis H. Silveira, Andre R. O. Cavalcanti, Marlene Guibert-Toledano, Paula I. Burgos, Mario H. Cardiel, Gloria Vásquez, Ernesto Cairoli, Verónica Savio, Michelle Remião Ugolini-Lopes, Margarita Portela Hernández, Ãlvaro Danza, Andrea Vargas Peña, Luis Alonso González Naranjo, Soledad Retamozo, Eduardo M. Acevedo Vásquez, Loreto Massardo, José Fernando Molina, María E. Sattler, Viviana Gervasoni, Guillermo J. Pons-Estel, Diana Gómez-Martín, Edgard Torres dos Reis Neto, Yelitza C. González Bello, Rosana Quintana, Graciela V. Betancur, Ana Carolina Montandon De Oliveira E Silva, Claudia S. Mora-Trujillo, Ruth María Eraso Garnica, Violeta Rosario, Fernando Cavalcanti, Leonor A Barile-Fabris, Graciela S. Alarcón, Sergio Gordon, Luciana Parente Costa Seguro, Rocío V. Gamboa-Cárdenas, Gil Llerena Reyes, Rosa Chacón-Diaz, Emilia Inoue Sato, Enrique R. Soriano, and Verónica Saurit

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Latin Americans, Immunology, Ethnic group, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rheumatology, systemic lupus erythematosus, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Internal medicine, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.2 [https], Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.17 [https], 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, lupus nephritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, treatment, business.industry, Abatacept, medicine.disease, Belimumab, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.03 [https], Family medicine, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], Rituximab, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disease, represents a significant challenge for both diagnosis and treatment. Patients with SLE in Latin America face special problems that should be considered when therapeutic guidelines are developed. The objective of the study is to develop clinical practice guidelines for Latin American patients with lupus. Two independent teams (rheumatologists with experience in lupus management and methodologists) had an initial meeting in Panama City, Panama, in April 2016. They selected a list of questions for the clinical problems most commonly seen in Latin American patients with SLE. These were addressed with the best available evidence and summarised in a standardised format following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. All preliminary findings were discussed in a second face-to-face meeting in Washington, DC, in November 2016. As a result, nine organ/system sections are presented with the main findings; an 'overarching' treatment approach was added. Special emphasis was made on regional implementation issues. Best pharmacologic options were examined for musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, kidney, cardiac, pulmonary, neuropsychiatric, haematological manifestations and the antiphospholipid syndrome. The roles of main therapeutic options (ie, glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressant agents, therapeutic plasma exchange, belimumab, rituximab, abatacept, low-dose aspirin and anticoagulants) were summarised in each section. In all cases, benefits and harms, certainty of the evidence, values and preferences, feasibility, acceptability and equity issues were considered to produce a recommendation with special focus on ethnic and socioeconomic aspects. Guidelines for Latin American patients with lupus have been developed and could be used in similar settings. Fil: Pons Estel, Bernardo A.. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas; Argentina Fil: Bonfa, Eloisa. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Soriano, Enrique R.. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; Argentina Fil: Cardiel, Mario H.. Centro de Investigación Clínica de Morelia; México Fil: Izcovich, Ariel. Hospital Alemán; Argentina Fil: Popoff, Federico. Hospital Aleman; Argentina Fil: Criniti, Juan M.. Hospital Alemán; Argentina Fil: Vásquez, Gloria. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia Fil: Massardo, Loreto. Universidad San Sebastián; Chile Fil: Duarte, Margarita. Hospital de Clínicas; Paraguay Fil: Barile Fabris, Leonor A.. Hospital Angeles del Pedregal; México Fil: García, Mercedes A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina Fil: Amigo, Mary Carmen. Centro Médico Abc; México Fil: Espada, Graciela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; Argentina Fil: Catoggio, Luis J.. Hospital Italiano. Instituto Universitario. Escuela de Medicina; Argentina Fil: Sato, Emilia Inoue. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Levy, Roger A.. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Acevedo Vásquez, Eduardo M.. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Perú Fil: Chacón Díaz, Rosa. Policlínica Méndez Gimón; Venezuela Fil: Galarza Maldonado, Claudio M.. Corporación Médica Monte Sinaí; Ecuador Fil: Iglesias Gamarra, Antonio J.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Colombia Fil: Molina, José Fernando. Centro Integral de Reumatología; Colombia Fil: Neira, Oscar. Universidad de Chile; Chile Fil: Silva, Clóvis A.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Vargas Peña, Andrea. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; Uruguay Fil: Gómez Puerta, José A.. Hospital Clinic Barcelona; España Fil: Scolnik, Marina. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; Argentina Fil: Pons Estel, Guillermo J.. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas; Argentina. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina Fil: Ugolini Lopes, Michelle R.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Savio, Verónica. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; Argentina Fil: Drenkard, Cristina. University of Emory; Estados Unidos Fil: Alvarellos, Alejandro J.. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Ugarte Gil, Manuel F.. Universidad Cientifica del Sur; Perú. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; Perú Fil: Babini, Alejandra. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; Argentina Fil: Cavalcanti, André. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Brasil Fil: Cardoso Linhares, Fernanda Athayde. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; Uruguay Fil: Haye Salinas, Maria Jezabel. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Fuentes Silva, Yurilis J.. Universidad de Oriente - Núcleo Bolívar; Venezuela Fil: Montandon De Oliveira E Silva, Ana Carolina. Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasil Fil: Eraso Garnica, Ruth M.. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia Fil: Herrera Uribe, Sebastián. Hospital General de Medellin Luz Castro de Gutiérrez; Colombia Fil: Gómez Martín, DIana. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; México Fil: Robaina Sevrini, Ricardo. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Quintana, Rosana M.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas; Argentina Fil: Gordon, Sergio. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas; Argentina Fil: Fragoso Loyo, Hilda. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; México Fil: Rosario, Violeta. Hospital Docente Padre Billini; República Dominicana Fil: Saurit, Verónica. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Appenzeller, Simone. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil Fil: Dos Reis Neto, Edgard Torres. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Cieza, Jorge. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins; Perú Fil: González Naranjo, Luis A.. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia Fil: González Bello, Yelitza C.. Ceibac; México Fil: Collado, María Victoria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina Fil: Sarano, Judith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina Fil: Retamozo, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina Fil: Sattler, María E.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; Argentina Fil: Gamboa Cárdenas, Rocio V.. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; Perú Fil: Cairoli, Ernesto. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Conti, Silvana M.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina Fil: Amezcua Guerra, Luis M.. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez; México Fil: Silveira, Luis H.. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez; México Fil: Borba, Eduardo F.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Pera, Mariana A.. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San Martín; Argentina Fil: Alba Moreyra, Paula B.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina Fil: Arturi, Valeria. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San Martín; Argentina Fil: Berbotto, Guillermo A.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; Argentina Fil: Gerling, Cristian. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas; Argentina Fil: Gobbi, Carla Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Gervasoni, Viviana L.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina Fil: Scherbarth, Hugo R.. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas; Argentina Fil: Brenol, João C. Tavares. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; Brasil Fil: Cavalcanti, Fernando. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Brasil Fil: Costallat, Lilian T. Lavras. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil Fil: Da Silva, Nilzio A.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasil Fil: Monticielo, Odirlei A.. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; Brasil Fil: Seguro, Luciana Parente Costa. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Xavier, Ricardo M.. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; Brasil Fil: Llanos, Carolina. Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile Fil: Montúfar Guardado, Rubén A.. Instituto Salvadoreño de la Seguridad Social; El Salvador Fil: Garcia De La Torre, Ignacio. Hospital General de Occidente; México Fil: Pineda, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación; México Fil: Portela Hernández, Margarita. Umae Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo Xxi; México Fil: Danza, Alvaro. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; Uruguay Fil: Guibert Toledano, Marlene. Medical-surgical Research Center; Cuba Fil: Reyes, Gil Llerena. Medical-surgical Research Center; Cuba Fil: Acosta Colman, Maria Isabel. Hospital de Clínicas; Paraguay Fil: Aquino, Alicia M.. Hospital de Clínicas; Paraguay Fil: Mora Trujillo, Claudia S.. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins; Perú Fil: Muñoz Louis, Roberto. Hospital Docente Padre Billini; República Dominicana Fil: García Valladares, Ignacio. Centro de Estudios de Investigación Básica y Clínica; México Fil: Orozco, María Celeste. Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica; Argentina Fil: Burgos, Paula I.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile Fil: Betancur, Graciela V.. Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica; Argentina Fil: Alarcón, Graciela S.. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Perú. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unidos

Published
2018

16. Pedagogy of research and questioning the world: teaching through research and study paths in secondary school

Author

MARIA RITA OTERO, VIVIANA CAROLINA LLANOS, VERONICA PARRA, and PATRICIA SUREDA

Subjects
education, lcsh:Mathematics, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, lcsh:L, lcsh:QA1-939, lcsh:Education
Abstract

Ce travail présente un résumé des recherches développées dans le Núcleo de Investigación en Educación en Ciencias y Tecnología (NIECyT) pendant les huit dernières années. Ont été réalisées, au total, 17 implémentations, dans lesquelles (N=234) étudiants ont participé. On utilise la Théorie anthropologique du didactique (TAD) comme cadre théorique, plus particulièrement, les notions de pédagogie de l’enquête et du questionnement du monde (PRQM) et les parcours d’étude et de recherche (PER). On présente une synthèse de quelques résultats obtenus après d’avoir introduit, d’une manière locale et contrôlée, différents PER dans des cours réguliers de Mathématiques à l’école secondaire en Argentine. On présente les questions génératrices et son arborescence, les différentes organisations mathématiques et extra-mathématiques que les parcours permettraient d’étudier, et les dialectiques développées dans des PRQM., Review of Science, Mathematics and ICT Education, Vol 8, No 1 (2014): Trends in Mathematics Education

Published
2014

17. Characteristics and Changes in the Mathematics Textbooks for the Secondary School in Argentina Along 67 Years

Author

María Rita Otero and Viviana Carolina Llanos

Subjects
Textbooks, purl.org/becyt/ford/5 [https], business.industry, 05 social sciences, Ciencias de la Educación, 050301 education, purl.org/becyt/ford/5.3 [https], Arguing, 050105 experimental psychology, Education, CIENCIAS SOCIALES, Secondary School, Publishing, Otras Ciencias de la Educación, Mathematics education, Images, Mathematics Education, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Statistical analysis, Factorial analysis, business, Mathematics instruction, 0503 education, Period (music)
Abstract

This work analyses the changes in the relationship between arguing and images from the mathematics textbooks for the secondary school in Argentina (students 12-17 years old) along 67 years. The textbooks have been published in the period 1940 thru 2007. The analysis is done by (N=137) textbooks based on three meta-categories in an inductive way. These meta-categories are: characteristics of the arguing, relationship between images and arguing as well as characteristics of the textbooks (the date of publishing, the epistemological conceptions about mathematics and the educational level which the textbook is oriented). A factorial analysis of multiple correspondences was performed to find the main similarities and differences between the textbooks and to make a cluster analysis and one possible classification. The main differences are given by the changes in the epistemological conception of mathematics and in the characteristics of the images, especially in the newest edition books. Fil: Llanos, Viviana Carolina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Otero, Maria Rita. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Published
2017

18. Modulating the function of the immune system by thyroid hormones and thyrotropin

Author

Natalia Muñoz-Durango, Pablo A. González, Claudia A. Riedel, Susan M. Bueno, Evelyn L. Jara, Carlos E. Fardella, Alexis M. Kalergis, Carolina Llanos, Le Bihan, Sylvie, Departamento de Microbiologıa y Genetica Molecular [Santiago, Chile] (Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Departamento de Inmunologıa Clınica y Reumatologıa [Santiago, Chile] (Escuela de Medicina), Departamento de Endocrinología [Santiago, Chile] (Facultad de Medicina), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas [Santiago, Chile] (Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas y Facultad de Medicina), Universidad Andrés Bello [Santiago] (UNAB), This article was supported by Fondecyt Postdoctorado 3150559, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, P09/016-f, Fondecyt 1150862, 1150173, 1140010, 1161525, 1160695 and 1140011, and CRP-ICGEBCRP/CHI14-01.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Neuroimmunomodulation, Thyroid hormones, animal diseases, Phagocytosis, Immunology, Thyrotropin, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Inflammation, Autoimmunity, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Immunity, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Endocrine system, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, TSH, Thyroid, Chemotaxis, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune System, Host-Pathogen Interactions, bacteria, medicine.symptom, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Signal Transduction
Abstract

International audience; Accumulating evidence suggests a close bidirectional communication and regulation between the neu-roendocrine and immune systems. Thyroid hormones (THs) can exert responses in various immune cells, e.g., monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes, affecting several inflammation-related processes (such as, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and cytokines production). The interactions between the endocrine and immune systems have been shown to contribute to pathophysiological conditions, including sepsis, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and viral infections. Under these conditions, TH therapy could contribute to restoring normal physiological functions. Here we discuss the effects of THs and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on the immune system and the contribution to inflammation and pathogen clearance, as well as the consequences of thyroid pathologies over the function of the immune system.

Published
2017

19. Training in-service teachers: study of questions and the organization of teaching.

Author

Rita Otero, María, Carolina Llanos, Viviana, and Parra, Verónica

Subjects
*MATHEMATICS teachers, *MATHEMATICS education, *EDUCATION research, *LEXICOLOGY, *QUESTIONING
Abstract

We analyse the study and research carried out by N = 31 teachers in service during an online course in Didactics of Mathematics, about a question that could generate a Study and research path (SRP). The teachers studied the question individually and in groups. Then, they had to organize a possible teaching, adapted to an institution well known to them. The written texts produced by the teachers are analysed by means of two types of techniques: one qualitative and one based on lexicometric statistical methods. In the long term, the aim of this research is to understand the potential and difficulties of in-service teachers to organize teaching based on questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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20. Funciones Polinómicas en la Secundaria: primeros resultados de una Actividad de Estudio y de Investigación (AEI)

Author

Viviana Carolina Llanos, Maria Rita Otero, and Maria Paz Gazzola

Subjects
lcsh:LC8-6691, lcsh:Special aspects of education, Funciones Polinómicas, Escuela Secundaria, lcsh:L, Actividad de Estudio y de Investigación (AEI), lcsh:Education
Abstract

En éste trabajo presentamos el diseño y los resultados de la implementación de una Actividad de Estudio y de Investigación (AEI) para estudiar las Funciones Polinómicas con alumnos de 5to Año de la Secundaria. Se adoptan como referenciales teóricos la TAD de Chevallard (2004) y les jeux de cadres de Régine Douady. Se presentan algunos protocolos de los estudiantes y se discuten algunos alcances y limitaciones de este dispositivo.

Published
2011

21. Role of dendritic cells in the initiation, progress and modulation of systemic autoimmune diseases

Author

Claudia A. Riedel, Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti, Susan M. Bueno, Fabián Vega, Carolina Llanos, Flavio Salazar-Onfray, Alexis M. Kalergis, Departamento de Microbiologıa y Genetica Molecular [Santiago, Chile] (Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Departamento de Inmunologıa Clınica y Reumatologıa [Santiago, Chile] (Escuela de Medicina), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas [Santiago, Chile] (Facultad de Medicina), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas [Santiago, Chile] (Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas y Facultad de Medicina), Universidad Andrés Bello [Santiago] (UNAB), The authors are supported by grants FONDECYT no 1110518, FONDECYT no 1070352, FONDECYT no 1085281, FONDECYT no 1100926, FONDECYT no 3070018, FONDECYT no 3100090, FONDECYT no 11075060, FONDECYT no 1100926, FONDECYT no 1110397. CONICYT Capital Humano Avanzado en la Academia no 791100015, Vicerrectoría de Investigación de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile No 04/2010 and Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (NoP09/016-F). AMK is a Chaire De La Région Pays De La Loire De Chercheur Étranger D’excellence and a CDD-DR INSERM., and Le Bihan, Sylvie

Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment, T cell, Immunology, Lupus, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, DENDRITIC CELLS, Autoantigens, Dendritic cells, Immune tolerance, Autoimmune Diseases, Ciencias Biológicas, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, parasitic diseases, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Humans, LUPUS, IMMUNE TOLERANCE, IMMUNOTHERAPY, Systemic autoimmunity, B cell, 030304 developmental biology, Autoimmune disease, CD86, 0303 health sciences, B-Lymphocytes, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, Toll-Like Receptors, Peripheral tolerance, Immunotherapy, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, population characteristics, SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNITY, business, geographic locations, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the activation of the immune response against pathogens, as well as in the modulation of peripheral tolerance to self-antigens (Ags). Furthermore, an imbalance in the activating/inhibitory receptors expressed on the surface of DCs has been linked to increased susceptibility to develop autoimmune diseases underscoring their immunogenicity potential. It has been described that modulation of activating or inhibitory molecules expressed by DCs, such as CD86, TLRs, PDL-1 and FcγRs, can define the immunogenic phenotype. On the other hand, T cell tolerance can be achieved by tolerogenic DCs, which have the capacity of blocking undesired autoimmune responses in several experimental models, mainly by inducing T cell anergy, expansion of regulatory T cells and limiting B cell responses. Due to the lack of specific therapies to treat autoimmune disorders and the tolerogenic capacity of DCs shown in experimental autoimmune disease models, autologous tolDCs are a potential therapeutic strategy for fine-tuning the immune system and reestablishing tolerance in human autoimmune diseases. New advances in the role of DCs in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis and the identification of pathogenic self-Ags may favor the development of novel tolDC based therapies with a major clinical impact. In this review, we discuss recent data relative to the role of DCs in systemic autoimmune pathogenesis and their use as a therapy to restore tolerance. Fil: Mackern Oberti, Juan Pablo. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina Fil: Llanos, Carolina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile Fil: Vega, Fabián. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile Fil: Salazar-Onfray, Flavio. Universidad de Chile; Chile Fil: Riedel, Claudia A.. Universidad Andrés Bello; Chile. Inserm; Francia Fil: Bueno, Mirian Susana. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Inserm; Francia Fil: Kalergis, Alexis. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Inserm; Francia

Published
2015

22. Teaching of Mathematics and Physics in Secondary School through Research and Study Paths

Author

María Paz Gazzola Bascougnet, María Rita Otero, and Viviana Carolina Llanos

Subjects
Physics, purl.org/becyt/ford/5 [https], Computer science, Science Teaching, Ciencias de la Educación, purl.org/becyt/ford/5.3 [https], TAD, Education, CIENCIAS SOCIALES, Otras Ciencias de la Educación, Science teaching, Pedagogy, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humanities, Mathematics
Abstract

In this paper we present a proposal for teaching based on the Research and Study Paths (RSP) involving Mathematics and Physics together at the Secondary School. We adopt the ideas of the Anthropological Theory of didactic (ATD). The Research and Study Path (RSP) and the Praxeological Model of Reference (PMR) are described and analyzed. We carried out an implementation with N=68 students of 5th year at the secondary school. Some results obtained in this experience are described. Fil: Otero, Maria Rita. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Gazzola Bascougnet, María Paz. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Llanos, Viviana Carolina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Published
2015

23. Carbon monoxide inhibits T cell activation in target organs during systemic lupus erythematosus

Author

Javiera Obreque, Carolina Llanos, Gonzalo P. Méndez, Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti, Alexis M. Kalergis, Le Bihan, Sylvie, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy [Santiago, Chile], Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo [Mendoza, Argentina] (IMBECU), Science and Technology Center [Mendoza, Argentina] (CCT)-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research [Mendoza, Argentina], Departamento de Microbiologıa y Genetica Molecular [Santiago, Chile] (Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas), Departamento de Inmunologıa Clınica y Reumatologıa [Santiago, Chile] (Escuela de Medicina), Departamento de Anatomia Patologica [Santiago, Chile] (Facultad de Medicina), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)

Subjects
Mice, Inbred MRL lpr, T-Lymphocytes, Kidney Glomerulus, Immunology, Lupus nephritis, T cells, Antigen-Antibody Complex, Lymphocyte Activation, medicine.disease_cause, carbon monoxide, Autoimmunity, Proinflammatory cytokine, Mice, Immune system, systemic lupus erythematosus, immune system diseases, medicine, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, skin and connective tissue diseases, Lung, Autoantibodies, Kidney, therapy, Systemic lupus erythematosus, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, autoimmunity, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Lupus Nephritis, 3. Good health, Disease Models, Animal, Proteinuria, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neutrophil Infiltration, Antibodies, Antinuclear, Disease Progression, Cytokines, Leukocyte Common Antigens, Female, business, Nephritis, Spleen, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Kidney disease
Abstract

Summary Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by the presence of circulating anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and systemic damage that includes nephritis, haematological manifestations and pulmonary compromise, among others. Although major progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms responsible for autoimmunity, current therapies for lupus have not improved considerably. Because the exposure of carbon monoxide (CO) has been shown to display beneficial immunoregulatory properties in different immune-mediated diseases, we investigated whether CO therapy improves lupus-related kidney injury in lupus mice. MRL-Faslpr lupus mice were exposed to CO and disease progression was evaluated. ANA, leucocyte-infiltrating populations in spleen, kidney and lung and kidney lesions, were measured. CO therapy significantly decreased the frequency of activated B220+ CD4− CD8− T cells in kidneys and lungs, as well as serum levels of ANA. Furthermore, we observed that CO therapy reduced kidney injury by decreasing proliferative glomerular damage and immune complexes deposition, decreased proinflammatory cytokine production and finally delayed the impairment of kidney function. CO exposure ameliorates kidney and lung leucocyte infiltration and delays kidney disease in MRL-Faslpr lupus mice. Our data support the notion that CO could be explored as a potential new therapy for lupus nephritis.

Published
2015

24. Introducing STEM pedagogy in secondary school by means of Study and Research Path (SRP).

Author

Paz Gazzola, María, Rita Otero, María, Carolina Llanos, Viviana, and Arlego, Marcelo

Subjects
STEM education, SECONDARY schools, DIDACTIC method (Teaching method)
Abstract

Copyright of Latin-American Journal of Physics Education is the property of Latin-American Physics Education Network and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2018

25. Targeting dendritic cell function during systemic autoimmunity to restore tolerance

Author

Susan M. Bueno, Alexis M. Kalergis, Fabián Vega, Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti, and Carolina Llanos

Subjects
Cell type, T cell, T-Lymphocytes, Cell, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Review, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Catalysis, Autoimmunity, Immune tolerance, Autoimmune Diseases, Inorganic Chemistry, Pathogenesis, lcsh:Chemistry, Nitriles, medicine, Immune Tolerance, Humans, Sulfones, dendritic cells, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Spectroscopy, Cholecalciferol, B-Lymphocytes, therapy, tolerance, Organic Chemistry, autoimmunity, Autoantibody, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, General Medicine, Dendritic cell, Computer Science Applications, medicine.anatomical_structure, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Immunology
Abstract

Systemic autoimmune diseases can damage nearly every tissue or cell type of the body. Although a great deal of progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, current therapies have not been improved, remain unspecific and are associated with significant side effects. Because dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in promoting immune tolerance against self-antigens (self-Ags), current efforts are focusing at generating new therapies based on the transfer of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) during autoimmunity. However, the feasibility of this approach during systemic autoimmunity has yet to be evaluated. TolDCs may ameliorate autoimmunity mainly by restoring T cell tolerance and, thus, indirectly modulating autoantibody development. In vitro induction of tolDCs loaded with immunodominant self-Ags and subsequent cell transfer to patients would be a specific new therapy that will avoid systemic immunosuppression. Herein, we review recent approaches evaluating the potential of tolDCs for the treatment of systemic autoimmune disorders.

Published
2014

26. Tolerogenic dendritic cells as a therapy for treating lupus

Author

Carolina Llanos, Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti, Alexis M. Kalergis, Fabián Vega, and Sergio Jacobelli

Subjects
Systemic lupus erythematosus, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Immunotherapy, Dendritic Cells, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Immunity, Innate, Immune tolerance, Autoimmunity, Pathogenesis, Immune system, immune system diseases, Healthy individuals, Immune Tolerance, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, skin and connective tissue diseases, business, Adverse effect
Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that is characterized by the over production of auto-antibodies against nuclear components. Thus, SLE patients have increased morbidity and, mortality compared to healthy individuals. Available therapies are not curative and are associated with unwanted adverse effects. During the last few years, important advances in immunology research have provided rheumatologists with new tools for designing novel therapies for treating autoimmunity. However, the complex nature of SLE has played a conflicting role, hindering breakthroughs in therapeutic development. Nonetheless, new advances about SLE pathogenesis could open a fruitful line of research. Dendritic cells (DCs) have been established as essential players in the mechanisms underlying SLE, making them attractive therapeutic targets for fine-tuning the immune system. In this review, we discuss the recent advances made in revealing the mechanisms of SLE pathogenesis, with a focus on the use of DCs as a target for therapy development.

Published
2013

27. Carbon monoxide exposure improves immune function in lupus-prone mice

Author

Sergio Jacobelli, Sebastián A. Riquelme, Ignacio Anegon, Leandro J. Carreño, Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti, Carolina Llanos, Alexis M. Kalergis, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy [Santiago, Chile], Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Departamento de Inmunologıa Clınica y Reumatologıa [Santiago, Chile] (Escuela de Medicina), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Grants FONDECYT no 1070 352, FONDECYT no 1050979, FONDECYT no 1040349, FONDECYT no 1100926, FONDECYT no 1110397, FONDECYT no 1100971, FONDECYT no 1110604, Proyecto de Insercion de Capital Humano Avanzado en la Academia 2011 No 791100015, Vicerrectorıa de Investigacio ´n PUC Posdoctorado no 4/2010 and Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (P09-016-F)., and Le Bihan, Sylvie

Subjects
Male, Mice, 129 Strain, Immunology, Spleen, Autoimmunity, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Kidney, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, carbon monoxide, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, systemic lupus erythematosus, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, haem oxygenase-1, 030304 developmental biology, Autoimmune disease, Mice, Knockout, 0303 health sciences, Systemic lupus erythematosus, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, CD11b Antigen, Receptors, IgG, Membrane Proteins, Original Articles, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Integrin alpha M, Enzyme Induction, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, Heme Oxygenase-1, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030215 immunology
Abstract

International audience; Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple alterations affecting the normal function of immune cells, such as lymphocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes. Although the understanding of autoimmunity has significantly increased, the breakthrough in effective therapies has been modest, making necessary the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here we propose that a new potential target for therapy is haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme that catalyses the degradation of the haem group into biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO) and Fe 2+. These products exhibit immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects, which can contribute to improving tolerance during organ transplantation. Because HO-1 is highly expressed by immune cells involved in SLE pathogenesis, such as monocytes and DCs, we evaluated whether induction of HO-1 expression or the administration of CO could ameliorate disease in the FccRIIb knockout (KO) mouse model for SLE. We found that CO administration decreased the expansion of CD11b + cells, prevented the decline of regulatory T cells and reduced anti-histone antibodies observed in untreated FccRIIb KO mice. Furthermore, CO-treated animals and HO-1 induction showed less kidney damage compared with untreated mice. These data suggest that HO-1 modulation and CO administration can ameliorate autoimmunity and prevent the lupus symptoms shown by FccRIIb KO mice, highlighting HO-1 as a potential new target for autoimmune therapy.

Published
2013

28. Anatomical and pathological findings in hearts from fetuses and infants with cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus

Author

Peter M. Izmirly, Robert R. Clancy, Deborah M. Friedman, Chung E. Tseng, Amit Saxena, Carolina Llanos, Rosanna G. Abellar, Renata Dische, Marc K. Halushka, and Jill P. Buyon

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Heart block, Cardiomyopathy, Bundle of His, Rheumatology, Heart Conduction System, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Pharmacology (medical), Registries, Neonatal lupus erythematosus, Fetal Death, Retrospective Studies, Sinoatrial node, business.industry, Myocardium, Infant, Newborn, Calcinosis, Infant, Endocardial fibroelastosis, Clinical Science, medicine.disease, Fibrosis, Atrioventricular node, Fetal Diseases, Heart Block, medicine.anatomical_structure, Antibodies, Antinuclear, Cardiology, Female, Electrical conduction system of the heart, business, Biomarkers
Abstract

Objective. The autopsy and clinical information on children dying with anti-SSA/Ro-associated cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus (cardiac NL) were examined to identify patterns of disease, gain insight into pathogenesis and enhance the search for biomarkers and preventive therapies. Methods. A retrospective analysis evaluating reports from 18 autopsies of cardiac NL cases and clinical data from the Research Registry for Neonatal Lupus was performed. Results. Of the 18 cases with autopsies, 15 had advanced heart block, including 3 who died in the second trimester, 9 in the third trimester and 3 post-natally. Three others died of cardiomyopathy without advanced block, including two dying pre-natally and one after birth. Pathological findings included fibrosis/calcification of the atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node and bundle of His, endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE), papillary muscle fibrosis, valvular disease, calcification of the atrial septum and mononuclear pancarditis. There was no association of pathology with the timing of death except that in the third-trimester deaths more valvular disease and/or extensive conduction system abnormalities were observed. Clinical rhythm did not always correlate with pathology of the conduction system, and the pre-mortem echocardiograms did not consistently detect the extent of pathology. Conclusion. Fibrosis of the AV node/distal conduction system is the most characteristic histopathological finding. Fibrosis of the SA node and bundle of His, EFE and valve damage are also part of the anti-Ro spectrum of injury. Discordance between echocardiograms and pathology findings should prompt the search for more sensitive methods to accurately study the phenotype of antibody damage.

Published
2012

29. Maternal and Fetal Factors Associated with Mortality and Morbidity in a Multi-Racial/Ethnic Registry of Anti-SSA/Ro Associated Cardiac Neonatal Lupus

Author

Deborah M. Friedman, Carolina Llanos, Mimi Y. Kim, Jill P. Buyon, Dan Wang, Amit Saxena, Sara Sahl, and Peter M. Izmirly

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, Heart block, business.industry, Obstetrics, Offspring, Cardiomyopathy, Endocardial fibroelastosis, medicine.disease, Article, In utero, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Cardiology, medicine, Young adult, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Anti-SSA/Ro autoantibodies
Abstract

Background— Cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus include conduction disease and, rarely, an isolated cardiomyopathy. This study was initiated to determine the mortality and morbidity of cardiac neonatal lupus and associated risk factors in a multi–racial/ethnic US-based registry to provide insights into the pathogenesis of antibody-mediated injury and data for counseling. Methods and Results— Three hundred twenty-five offspring exposed to maternal anti-SSA/Ro antibodies with cardiac neonatal lupus met entry criteria. Maternal, fetal echocardiographic, and neonatal risk factors were assessed for association with mortality. Fifty-seven (17.5%) died, 30% in utero. The probability of in utero death was 6%. The cumulative probability of survival at 10 years for a child born alive was 86%. Fetal echocardiographic risk factors associated with increased mortality in a multivariable analysis of all cases included hydrops and endocardial fibroelastosis. Significant predictors of in utero death were hydrops and earlier diagnosis, and of postnatal death were hydrops, endocardial fibroelastosis, and lower ventricular rate. Isolated heart block was associated with a 7.8% case fatality rate, whereas the concomitant presence of dilated cardiomyopathy or endocardial fibroelastosis quadrupled the case fatality rate. There was a significantly higher case fatality rate in minorities compared with whites, who were at a lower risk of hydrops and endocardial fibroelastosis. Pacing was required in 70%; cardiac transplantation was required in 4 children. Conclusion— Nearly one fifth of fetuses who develop cardiac neonatal lupus die of complications predicted by echocardiographic abnormalities consistent with antibody-associated disease beyond the atrioventricular node. The disparity in outcomes observed between minorities and whites warrants further investigation.

Published
2011

30. Contribution of dendritic cell/T cell interactions to triggering and maintaining autoimmunity

Author

Alexis M. Kalergis, Leandro J. Carreño, and Carolina Llanos

Subjects
T-Lymphocytes, T cell, T cells, Cell Communication, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Autoimmune Diseases, Autoimmunity, Immune tolerance, Immune system, Antigen, Immunity, medicine, Humans, dendritic cells, lcsh:QH301-705.5, tolerance, autoimmunity, immunological synapse, General Medicine, Dendritic cell, Acquired immune system, medicine.anatomical_structure, lcsh:Biology (General), Immunology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

Under healthy conditions, there is a balance between tolerance to self-tissue constituents and immunity against foreign antigens. Autoimmunity diseases (AD) take place when that equilibrium is disrupted and the immune response is directed to self-antigens, leading to injury or destruction of host tissues. The mechanisms conducing to the loss of immune tolerance remain largely unknown. The recent appearance of biological therapies has contributed to significant reduction in morbidity. However, currently available therapies are associated with important side effects and work only as palliative treatments. Dendritic cells (DCs) have emerged as key players in developing and maintaining adaptive immunity due to their capacity to prime and modulate T cell function. Therefore, because DCs work as central modulators of immune tolerance, it is likely that alterations in their function can lead to the onset of autoimmune-inflammatory diseases. By modulating DC function, novel pathways in antigen-specific tolerance could be established. In this article, the possible contribution of altered DC-T cell interactions to the onset of autoimmunity are discussed. In addition, we expand on the notion that some of the functions of these cells could be relevant targets for intervening therapies aimed to restore the balance or even prevent the loss of tolerance.

Published
2011

31. Genetic and pharmacological modulation of dendritic cell-t cell interactions as a therapeutic strategy for systemic lupus erythematosus

Author

Claudia A. Riedel, Leandro J. Carreño, Sergio Jacobelli, Carolina Llanos, Alexis M. Kalergis, and Miguel A Gutiérrez

Subjects
T-Lymphocytes, medicine.medical_treatment, Autoimmunity, Inflammation, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Immune system, Drug Discovery, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Autoimmune disease, B-Lymphocytes, Lupus erythematosus, Immunosuppression, Dendritic Cells, Dendritic cell, medicine.disease, Acquired immune system, Immunology, Molecular Medicine, medicine.symptom
Abstract

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by an excessive production of auto-antibodies against double-stranded DNA, nucleosomes, ribonucleoproteins and other nuclear components. Accumulation of self-reactive antibodies leads to immune complex deposition in blood vessels, activation of macrophages and complement, inflammation and subsequent tissue damage in several organs, such as the heart, kidneys, lungs and central nervous system. Although significant progress has been made in the past 30 years of research, no effective specific treatments are currently available. The course of this disease remains unpredictable and patients diagnosed with SLE face long-term treatments with the subsequent economic, social and health burden. From the immunological perspective, SLE is a genetic- and environment-controlled disease that involves almost every constituent of the immune system, including both innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, several immune cell types and molecules could be susceptible for intervention and modulation to develop more effective and specific treatments. More importantly, such therapies are likely not to induce complete immunosuppression and show reduced side effects on patients. In this article we discuss recent work in the field of SLE pathogenesis with a focus on data that provide clues for therapy design and new treatments.

Published
2011

32. Álgebra Lineal y Geometría Analítica en carreras de Ingeniería: reporte de investigaciones

Author

Pablo Agustín Sabatinelli, Viviana Carolina Llanos, and María Rita Otero

Subjects
mathematics teaching, linear algebra, analytic geometry, universities, engineering education, Education (General), L7-991
Abstract

In this paper, 168 researches on Linear Algebra (LA) and Analytic Geometry (AG) at the university are analyzed, with the objective of knowing if these researches deal with the phenomenon of the split between this knowledge and to investigate about the main topics that guide the research on these subjects. An analysis is made using qualitative techniques obtaining a categorization in an inductive way. The results allow us to conclude that the split between LA and AG that operates in the study programs is not addressed by the researchers. Most focus on describing and analyzing students' difficulties with this knowledge, and among the proposals for teaching, the incorporation of software stands out. Only a minority consider, from an epistemological point of view, the benefits of a hybrid teaching between LA and AG

Published
2021
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33. La pédagogie de l’enquête et du questionnement du monde: une étude longitudinale dans l’école secondaire Argentine

Author

VIVIANA CAROLINA LLANOS and MARIA RITA OTERO

Subjects
anthropological theory of didactics (atd), pedagogy of research and questioning the world, course of study and research (csr), Education, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

In this paper we present some aspects of a longitudinal and exploratory study developed in the secondary school in Argentina. We use the ideas of Pedagogy of research and questioning the world and course of study and research (CSR) of the Anthropological Theory of Didactics (TAD). We have carried out this pedagogy in a local and controlled way in the 4th and 5th year of the high school. We developed a (CSR) around the question: How to do operations with whatever graph if we only know their graphic representations and the unit on the axes? The work proposes the mathematical organization of reference, the mathematical organizations we’ve really met developing the CSR, and those we could meet. We analyze the mathematical activity in the classroom and the difficulties that we faced adopting the pedagogy of research and questioning the world in secondary school classrooms in Argentine.

Published
2013
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