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Adolescence is one of the most critical stages of human growth. Its rate and scale is varied around the world; therefore, the consideration of young girls' dietary intake is highly important. The aim of this study was to determine obesity, overweight, Underweight and stunting using anthropometric index among female adolescent population in Shahroud, Iran. In this crosssectional study, 731 female students from secondary school with a range of 11-14 years old were studied using the two-phase cluster sampling method. After the initial assesmnets, their anthropometric data was calculated and compared with CDC 2000 standard and finally, all the information was recorded in questionnaire forms. The research data was analyzed using SPSS software. The comparison of Body Mass Index (BMI) with the standards showed that 12.9% of the girls were underweight, 12.71% were overweight and 1.7% of them were obese respectively. Besides, 8.2% were suffering from chronic malnutrition and 16.7% from mild malnutrition. The results showed that the studied female students were suffering from malnutrition and in urgent need of macronutrients and micronutrients due to a rapid growth rate. Consequently, it is recommended to monitor them and provide nutritional services for them, individually and collectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ghrelin and its receptors are present in the stomach, suggesting that the ghrelin axis plays an essential role in gastrointestinal complications. This investigation aimed to explore the effects of H. pylori infection and gastritis on serum ghrelin and ghrelin axis gene expression. In this study, we enrolled 68 adult ambulatory people referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The individuals were classified into three groups based on H. pylori infection and gastritis. Total serum ghrelin and tissue gene expression were tested with ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Serum ghrelin and mRNA expression were significantly lower in H. pylori -positive with gastritis subjects compared with both H. pylori -negative with and without gastritis. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor1a mRNA expression was not different between groups while GHSR1b expression was significantly higher in patients with H. pylori infection and gastritis. We propose the ghrelin axis intermediaries, such as GHSR1b, as a potential clinical target for gastric disorders. • H. pylori cause gastritis and have been identified as a class 1 carcinogen. • The study of the ghrelin axis in subjects at risk of gastric cancer can be helpful. • Serum levels and gastric expression of ghrelin were reduced in H. pylori infection. • GHSR1b gastric expression was increased in H. pylori -positive subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]