5,969 results on '"BRGM"'
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2. The Central English Channel troughs: major source-to-sink remnants or giant tidal scours?
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F. Paquet, I. Thinon, O. Dugué, B. Tessier, M. Benabdellouahed, E. Lasseur, J. Briais, R. Couëffé, P. Guennoc, V. Gaullier, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), and BRGM - RGF Plateau Continental
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Geophysics ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Stratigraphy ,Tidal scours ,Central English Channel ,Economic Geology ,Geology ,Neogene ,Oceanography ,Paleovalleys ,Troughs - Abstract
International audience; The Central English Channel troughs correspond to elongated incisions up to 250 m-deep, at several locations at the bottom of this sea corridor. Depending on their location, they are usually interpreted as part of the submerged quaternary paleovalley network or as resulting from megaflood events. Shedding light on these features, their age, and the processes underlying their development is key for understanding their significance in terms of event geology. The interpretation of a dense grid of high-resolution marine seismic data acquired in the Bay of Seine area reveals that the extensive Quaternary paleovalley and trough network commonly as associated to the "Channel River" system is actually subdivided into at least two superimposed and unrelated incised networks. The overlying network corresponds to fluvial incisions developing during low sea-level conditions of Pleistocene time and connects to the present day fluvial network. The underlying network corresponds to the troughs and appears as a complex, deeper, relatively discontinuous and isolated network. This older network shows unexpected local incision depth up to c.350-400 m-deep and complex sedimentary infill involving several sedimentary processes and environments from fluvial to tidal and shallow-marine. We discuss these observations and their implications for understanding the origin, age and development of the troughs all over the English Channel, from the Dangeard Troughs in the Dover Strait to the Hurd Deep at the western end. We also raise questions about the significance of these large incised features in terms of source-to-sink system of northwestern Europe.
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- 2023
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3. AEM-derived watersheds in crystalline domain under volcanic cover
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Ciolczyk, Damien, Reninger, Pierre-Alexandre, Bertin, Clotilde, Bernard, Julien, Merle, Olivier, Raingeard, Anne, Martelet, Guillaume, Belle, Pierre, Gailler, Lydie, Labazuy, Philippe, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Danone Waters, and Australian Society of Exploration Geophysics
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Volcanism ,AEM ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Electromagnetics ,Hydrogeology ,Chaîne des Puys - Abstract
International audience; In the Chaîne des Puys (CdP, France), volcanic edifices and their emissions cover the weathered conductive low-permeable basement and fill the paleo-valleys, hiding the groundwater flows. The 3D delineation of such buried watersheds can be achieved studying variations of conductivity related to primary geological contrasts as well as secondary weathering-induced contrasts.We used AEM data to delineate the geometry of the undercover volcanism-basement interface in the northern part of the CdP and derived watersheds. Despite the highly resistive volcanic cover, our processing allowed structural imaging up to a depth of investigation of 330 meters in average.The processing and inversion of AEM data highlights the interface between a strongly resistant volcanic cover (~104-105 Ω.m) and a decametric conductive weathered horizon at the top of the basement (30-300 Ω.m).We picked the weathered horizon of the basement on several resistivity profiles, to build an elevation model of its top. The newly derived watersheds noticeably differ from the ones proposed in literature.
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- 2023
4. Simultaneous combined XRF-XRD analysis of geological sample: New methodological approach for on-site analysis on New-Caledonian Ni-rich harzburgite
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Maestracci, Barbara, Delchini, Sylvain, Chateigner, Daniel, Pilliere, Henry, Lutterotti, Luca, Borovin, Evgeny, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INEL-INNOV, University of Trento [Trento], and European Project: 689868,H2020,H2020-SC5-2015-one-stage,SOLSA(2016)
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Geochemistry ,Combined XRF-XRD analysis ,Sample preparation ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Chemical substitution ,Mineralogy ,Field analysis - Abstract
International audience; There is a growing interest in on-site, real-time analytical solutions for mining and environmental projects to characterize large areas and/or volumes of raw materials that are sometimes highly heterogeneous in terms of elemental distribution and mineralogy. Several fast and cost-effective methods are used for rapid on-site screening and real-time chemical and mineralogical characterization, such as portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and X-ray diffraction (pXRD). However, these methods are not always applicable due to limitations in the detection and quantification of light elements (Mg, Al, Si) for pXRF or complex or minor minerals for pXRD, whose results need to be supported by laboratory analysis.This study presents a new methodological approach for in situ rapid chemical and mineralogical characterization of samples, based on the use of a transportable instrument (called ID2B) that allows, in a single acquisition step, a combined XRD-XRF analysis to identify and quantify the chemical elements and their associated minerals. The HI0 harzburgite sample from New Caledonia used to evaluate the data was analyzed in the laboratory (SEM-EDS, EPMA, XRF and XRD) and with the ID2B instrument to highlight the potential of our new methodology. In order to demonstrate the interest of using the ID2B combined XRF-XRD analysis approach directly in the field, where sample preparation is not always easy to implement, this comparison was made on the same sample (HI0), prepared in two different ways, either as a powderized (optimal preparation) or as-sawn (unprepared) sample. After automated processing of the combined XRF-XRD datasets acquired with the ID2B instrument, the chemical elements and mineralogical phases identified on both the powder and as-sawn samples are identical to the laboratory analyses.The chemical proportions calculated from the combined XRF-XRD data sets are also close to the laboratory XRF analysis with relative errors
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- 2023
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5. Mixed and Nitsche's discretizations of Coulomb frictional contact-mechanics for mixed dimensional poromechanical models
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Mohamed LAAZIRI, Laurence Beaude, Franz Chouly, Roland Masson, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] (IMB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COmplex Flows For Energy and Environment (COFFEE), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), ANDRA, I-Site BFC project NAANoD, and ANR-17-EURE-0002,EIPHI,Ingénierie et Innovation par les sciences physiques, les savoir-faire technologiques et l'interdisciplinarité(2017)
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Nitsche's method ,Contact mechanics ,Coulomb friction ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Stabilized mixed method ,Poromechanics ,Discrete Fracture Matrix model ,Computational Mechanics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,[PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics] ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
International audience; This work deals with the discretization of single-phase Darcy flows in fractured and deformable porous media, including frictional contact at the matrix-fracture interfaces. Fractures are described as a network of planar surfaces leading to so-called mixed-dimensional models. Small displacements and a linear poro-elastic behavior are considered in the matrix. One key difficulty to simulate such coupled poro-mechanical models is related to the formulation and discretization of the contact mechanical sub-problem. Our starting point is based on the mixed formulation using facewise constant Lagrange multipliers along the fractures representing normal and tangential stresses. This is a natural choice for the discretization of the contact dual cone in order to account for complex fracture networks with corners and intersections. It leads to local expressions of the contact conditions and to efficient semi-smooth nonlinear solvers. On the other hand, such a mixed formulation requires to satisfy a compatibility condition between the discrete spaces restricting the choice of the displacement space and potentially leading to sub-optimal accuracy. This motivates the investigation of two alternative formulations based either on a stabilized mixed formulation or on the Nitsche's method. These three types of formulations are first investigated theoritically in order to enhance their connections. Then, they are compared numerically in terms of accuracy and nonlinear convergence. The sensitivity to the choice of the formulation parameters is also investigated. Several 2D test cases are considered with various fracture networks using both P1 and P2 conforming Finite Element discretizations of the displacement field and an Hybrid Finite Volume discretization of the mixed-dimensional Darcy flow model.
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- 2023
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6. Linking denitrification and pesticide transformation potentials with community ecology and groundwater discharge in hyporheic sediments in a lowland stream
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Bech, Tina, Hellal, Jennifer, Badawi, Nora, Jakobsen, Rasmus, Aamand, Jens, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Innovation Fund Denmark under agreement no. 8055-00073B, and European Project: 731166,GeoERA
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[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences - Abstract
Contamination of rivers by nitrate and pesticides poses a risk for aquatic ecosystems in lowland catchments that are often intensively used for agriculture. Here, the hyporheic zone, the streambed underneath the stream, plays a vital role due to its efficient self-purification capacity. The present study aims to evaluate the denitrification and transformation potential of 14 pesticides and three transformation products in the hyporheic sediment from a lowland stream with a high N load and by comparing an agricultural straightened section to a natural meandering part of the stream influenced by different groundwater discharges. Batch experiments were set up to evaluate the denitrification and pesticide transformation potentials in hyporheic sediment from two depths (5–15 cm (a) and 15–25 cm (b)).Our results revealed that (i) differences between the agricultural and natural sections of the river did not influence pollutant attenuation, (ii) both the nitrate and pesticide attenuation processes were more rapid in the upper "a" layer compared to the "b" layer due to higher microbial abundance, (iii) high groundwater discharge reduced the denitrification potential while pesticide transformation was unaffected, (iv) denitrification correlated with denitrifier abundance (nirK) in the "b" layer, while this correlation was not seen in the "a" layer, and (v) a microbial community with low diversity can explain limited transformation for the majority of tested pesticides. Overall, our results suggest that high groundwater discharge zones with reduced residence time in the hyporheic zone can be an important source of pesticides and nitrate to surface water.
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- 2023
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7. Making technological innovations accessible to agricultural water management: Design of a low-cost wireless sensor network for drip irrigation monitoring in Tunisia
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Paul Vandôme, Crystele Leauthaud, Simon Moinard, Oliver Sainlez, Insaf Mekki, Abdelaziz Zairi, Gilles Belaud, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Technologies et Méthodes pour les Agricultures de demain (UMR ITAP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), and Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA)
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Internet of things (IoT) ,Agricultural water management ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Drip irrigation monitoring ,Low cost soil moisture sensor ,LoRa network ,Wireless sensor network - Abstract
International audience; Unsustainable use of water resources and climate change will exacerbate the existing tensions surrounding resources, especially in the Mediterranean context. Despite investments in costly modern equipment, the performance of irrigated agriculture remains below expectations, notably because of the lack of available water data and the limited use of decision support tools. Although a variety of soil moisture sensors are available on the market, they are not widely used by the agricultural community because of their high cost and complexity. Access to information at an unprecedented level, via easily accessible low-cost and low-tech sensors, may be a major lever for improved identification of achievable gains in performance, and to guide actors toward efficient water management. To explore this hypothesis, an open source wireless soil moisture sensor, low-energy and economically and technically accessible, was developed. The tool was designed according to water users’ requirements and applied to a Tunisian irrigation scheme subject to major water use efficiency issues. The functioning of the wireless sensor network was tested on pilot plots over a growing season and compared with commercial sensors. A single parameter calibration can be performed in either the laboratory or the field. This low-cost sensor can be used for real-time irrigation monitoring and as a decision-making tool for water management.
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- 2023
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8. Selenate uptake by green rust
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Grangeon, Sylvain, Orucoglu, Esra, Greneche, Jean-Marc, Bourhis, Eric, Warmont, Fabienne, Wille, Guillaume, Tournassat, Christophe, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures ( ICMN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EC Horizon 2020 project EURAD under Grant Agreement 847593 (WP 1172 FUTURE), and European Project: 847593,EURAD(2019)
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[SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy - Abstract
International audience
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- 2023
9. A microfluidic chip for geoelectrical monitoring of critical zone processes
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Rembert, Flore, Stolz, Arnaud, Soulaine, Cyprien, Roman, Sophie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de recherches sur l'énergétique des milieux ionisés (GREMI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Poreux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), ANR-21-CE04-0013,IMAGE,Polarisation induite pour l'exploration du transport des polluants organiques et des géo-procédés de bioremédiation de l'échelle nano à l'échelle du terrain(2021), and European Project: 101039854,ERC-2021-STG,TRACE-it(2022)
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Spectral induced polarization ,Microfluidics ,Calcite dissolution ,Critical zone ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics - Abstract
International audience; We miniaturize geoelectrical acquisition using advanced microfabrication technologies to investigate coupled processes in the critical zone. We focus on the development of the complex electrical conductivity acquisition with the spectral induced polarization (SIP) method on a microfluidic chip equipped with electrodes. SIP is an innovative detection method that has the potential to monitor biogeochemical processes. However, due to the lack of microscale visualization of the processes, the interpretation of the SIP response remains under debate. This approach at the micrometer scale allows working in well-controlled conditions, with real-time monitoring by high-speed and high-resolution microscopy. It enables direct observation of microscopic reactive transport processes in the critical zone. We monitor the dissolution of pure calcite, a common geochemical reaction studied as an analog of the water-mineral interactions. We highlight the strong correlation between SIP response and dissolution through image processing. These results demonstrate that the proposed technological advancement will provide a further understanding of the critical zone processes through SIP observation.
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- 2023
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10. Comparison between Rock-Eval® and temperature-programmed pyrolysis/mass spectrometry for the analysis of environmental and geological samples
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Jacob, Jérémy, Delarue, Frédéric, Copard, Yoann, Le Milbeau, Claude, Grasset, Laurent, Brockmann, Patrick, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), OTARIE project (Région Centre Val de Loire, European Council through the FEDER fund), and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] - Abstract
International audience; Natural organic matter (OM) has a complex structure whose complete structural and chemical description remains a challenge. Rock-Eval® device constitutes a rapid and affordable method for obtaining key quantitative and qualitative parameters on OM. Previous studies on soil samples proposed to deconvolute or to split into temperature slices Rock-Eval® S2 pyrograms in order to distinguish and quantify chemical fractions of increasing thermal lability. In order to provide support for such an assumption, this work proposes a methodological approach based on coupling a temperature-programmed pyrolyser to a standard mass spectrometer (Py-MS). In this manuscript, we compare results acquired by Rock-Eval® pyrolysis with those from Total Ion Current (TIC) traces obtained by Py-MS on a set of reference soil samples, completed by dissolved OM, source rock and coal samples, in order to test the extent to which this approach can be generalized. Our results show good quantitative and qualitative agreements between the two methods. This comparison is a prerequisite before going further and addressing the molecular significance of S2 pyrograms deconvolution through the examination of m/z fragments abundance curves.
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- 2023
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11. Upscaling of geological properties in a world-class carbonate geothermal system in France: From core scale to 3D regional reservoir dimensions
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Hadrien Thomas, Benjamin Brigaud, Thomas Blaise, Elodie Zordan, Hermann Zeyen, Maxime Catinat, Simon Andrieu, Emmanuel Mouche, Marc Fleury, Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Schlumberger, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Department of Geoscience [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation Hydrologique (HYDRO), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), and ANR-19-CE05-0032,UPGEO,Changement d'échelle et simulation des flux de chaleur pour amélioer l'efficacité des systèmes géothermiques profonds(2019)
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History ,3D geomodeling ,Polymers and Plastics ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Facies ,Geology ,Jurassic ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Limestone ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Paris Basin ,Geothermics ,Business and International Management ,Reservoir - Abstract
The greater Paris area has some 12 million inhabitants and 48 heating network production units that exploit the heat capacity of a 1.5 km deep aquifer, the Bathonian limestone. This is one of the most productive aquifers in the world for district heating, with an annual output of about 1.7 TWh of energy. The current challenge for Paris is to triple the number of heating networks using geothermal energy so as to reduce dependence on fossil fuels (40% in 2020 in France). As no detailed geothermal reservoir model is available, drilling involves geological risk. A recent well, drilled at Grigny (20 km south of Paris), turned out to be a failure in transmissibility because the bed of permeable limestones it tapped into was very thin (meter-scale). The main aim of this study is to create a digital database and a 3D geological model of this aquifer to minimize geological risks and optimize the location of future geothermal operations around Paris. By compiling data from 168 wells, a high-resolution 3D geological model of 360 km3 size is constructed (about 40 km x 50 km x 0.2 km), made up of 12.2 million cells and displaying sedimentary facies, sequence stratigraphy, porosity (Φ) and permeability (k). About 20% of the oolitic and bioclastic facies are of good reservoir quality (Φ > 13% and k > 350 mD), especially in two targeted, high-quality reservoir sequences. These facies of interest probably correspond to giant dunes and a shoal/barrier prograding from east to west. In these facies, permeable zones are generally 4 m thick and form patches of 1600 m x 1100 m, on average, elongated perpendicular to the depositional slope. 2D and 3D maps of temperature, salinity, porosity, transmissivity, and permeability allow us to understand the areas of interest for geothermal exploration, as demonstrated around Grigny. This model helps us to apprehend better the heterogeneous character of the reservoir for geothermal prospection and to reduce the risk of future doublets during well implantation. Detailed local models may be extracted to anticipate better the implantation of new doublets in areas with already densely spaced existing wells.
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- 2023
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12. Vers le développement de normes pour l'évaluation des services écosystémiques fournis par les sols
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Bispo, Antonio, Grand, Cécile, Hellal, Jennifer, Pandard, Pascal, Mougin, Christian, Lhuillery, Caroline, Brossard, Michel, Calvaruso, Christophe, Cousin, Isabelle, Info&Sols (Info&Sols), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Normalisation, Industry and Environment, Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecosustain, and AFES
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norme ,AFNOR ,pédologie ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study - Abstract
International audience
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- 2023
13. ESR and OSL variability in quartz extracted from magmatic, metamorphic or sedimentary rock
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Tissoux, Hélène, Rizza, Magali, Aupart, Claire, Rixhon, Gilles, Valla, Pierre, Voinchet, Pierre, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and ANR-21-CE01-0014,QUARTZ,Caractérisation multi-méthodes du quartz en traçage source to sink et en dosimétrie des sédiments silico-clastiques récents(2021)
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variability ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,OSL ,quartz ,rocks ,ESR - Abstract
International audience; Sediment routing systems in fluvial catchments are primarily governed by intertwined climatic, tectonic and man-induced drivers at the centennial/millennial timescales. Among the various geomor-phological and geochemical approaches developed to trace sediment dynamics, the scientific commu-nity has recently explored the potential of (palaeo-)dosimetric methods, which are extensively used to date e.g. Quaternary alluvial environments. Recently, Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) signals have been successfully transposed to decipher sediment prove-nance and transport in fluvial catchments. In this context, the French ANR QUARTZ research project aims at using quartz grains as an ubiquitous marker of sediment dynamics to understand (i) how each quartz grain holds a source-specific signature, and (ii) how this signature evolves along sediment routing systems. This contribu-tion specifically focuses on the first research topic.Quartz-bearing rocks located upstream in catchments deliver the material that is usually dated by OSL and/or ESR in fluvial sequences/deposits for geological or archaeological purposes. Here, we ana-lyzed with ESR and OSL methods quartz grains originating from different source rocks in the Streng-bach and Séveraisse catchments (France), draining a low mountain range (Vosges Mountains) and the Alps (Ecrins Massif), respectively. These rocks comprise magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary lithologies of distinct age and composition, and provide quartz minerals present in the transposed and deposited sediments. The quartz grains were analyzed with ESR and OSL methods on the quartz min-erals from different quartz-bearing rock formations in both catchments, i.e. mostly granites, gneisses and sandstones of distinct ages and/or compositions. The source-specific signature of the different ESR signals (Ti/Al ratio, signal shape, non-optically bleachable intensity of the Al centre) was investigated. The bleaching kinetics of the different ESR centres used in dating and present in these quartz from different rock types were also investigated. Depending on the history of the quartz-bearing rock and therefore of the quartz nature (magmatic, metamorphic or sedimentary), we suggest that the ESR re-sponse varies in terms of signal shapes and intensity ratios of the different centres measured. Similar-ly, quartz OSL characteristics have been investigated (OSL signal intensities, contributions of fast/medium/slow OSL components, dose-response curves and saturation behavior) between rocks of different origins, as well as the bleaching potential (residual doses) between different quartz origins. These analyses are currently complemented in a near future by quantified trace element analyses on quartz samples from the same sources. This will allow us not only to provide encouraging results in terms of tracing quartz in fluvial deposits, but also a better understanding of the processes at the origin of ESR and OSL signals variability. This will constitute a first step towards understanding the dosi-metric behaviour of the sediments to be dated, and towards even more reliable dating techniques.
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- 2023
14. The earliest unambiguous Neanderthal engravings on cave walls: La Roche-Cotard, Loire Valley, France
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Marquet, Jean-Claude, Freiesleben, Trine Holm, Thomsen, Kristina Jørkov, Murray, Andrew Sean, Calligaro, Morgane, Macaire, Jean-Jacques, Robert, Eric, Lorblanchet, Michel, Aubry, Thierry, Bayle, Grégory, Bréhéret, Jean-Gabriel, Camus, Hubert, Chareille, Pascal, Egels, Yves, Guillaud, Émilie, Guérin, Guillaume, Gautret, Pascale, Liard, Morgane, O’farrell, Magen, Peyrouse, Jean-Baptiste, Thamó-Bozsó, Edit, Verdin, Pascal, Wojtczak, Dorota, Oberlin, Christine, Jaubert, Jacques, Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Archéologie et Archéométrie (ArAr), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] - Abstract
Here we report on Neanderthal engravings on a cave wall at La Roche-Cotard (LRC) in central France, made more than 57±3 thousand years ago. Following human occupation, the cave was completely sealed by cold-period sediments, which prevented access until its discovery in the 19 th century and first excavation in the early 20 th century. The timing of the closure of the cave is based on 50 optically stimulated luminescence ages derived from sediment collected inside and from around the cave. The anthropogenic origin of the spatially-structured, non-figurative marks found within the cave is confirmed using taphonomic, traceological and experimental evidence. Cave closure occurred significantly before the regional arrival of H . sapiens , and all artefacts from within the cave are typical Mousterian lithics; in Western Europe these are uniquely attributed to H . neanderthalensis . We conclude that the LRC engravings are unambiguous examples of Neanderthal abstract design.
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- 2023
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15. Characterisation of a CCS storage site. Example from PilotStrategy European project
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Stopin, Alexandre, Bordenave, Aurélien, de Mesquita Lobo Veloso, Fernanda, Bianchi, Thomas, Daynac, Nicolas, Wallendorff, Julien, Robert, Patrick, Adam, Jean-Philippe, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Service Géologique de Nouvelle Calédonie, Geological Survey of New Caledonia, Department of Industry Mines and Energy-Department of Industry Mines and Energy, EAGE, and European Project: 101022664,PilotSTRATEGY
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SEISMIC ,Dogger aquifer ,[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,PilotSTRATEGY ,CCS ,CO 2 geo-sequestration - Abstract
International audience; The PilotSTRATEGY project is a five years project which started in may 2021 funded under EU H2020 framework research. The goal is to fully characterize the storage complex for geological CO 2 storage sites in deep saline aquifers in industrial regions of France, Portugal, Spain, Poland and Greece to support development of carbon capture and storage (CCS). The project goes from reservoir characterization to the development of pilot design. For this presentation, the focus is on the French case, where the target is the Jurassic carbonate of the Dogger host of a large saline aquifer buried at 1800m depth in the Paris Basin (Ile de France). The choice of the location is based on the mapping of the CO 2 emitters in France combined with the potential of having a formation capable of hosting a CO 2 storage site. The geo-characterisation of the reservoir is an essential part of the project as it conditions most of the reservoir evaluation. To that end, and unique in France for a CO 2 storage site, a modern, 100km 2 spare 3D nodal land seismic data, using an autonomous fleet of single vibrators was acquired in 2022. The use of this technique allowed a drastic decrease in cost of acquisition while keeping good data quality. The data, despite acquisition holes due to access refusal of a minority of landowners and one town, is of good quality and allows, after processing and migration to image the reservoir and interpret the data. Utilisation of innovative software let us interpret quickly and automatically the seismic cube. QC control and comparison with reservoir and sequence stratigraphic studies, conducted on cores and well data, allowed to have a detailed mapping of i) the general sedimentary pile and ii) the main Major Flooding Surface (MFS) as well as unconformities. This mapping is essential to characterise the oolitic ramp, main permeable and porous geobodies of the Dogger. The reservoir simulation will feed on the output on the interpretation's results. The Pilotstrategy project, here presented under the light of the French scope; show how a CCS study could be conducted with reasonable funding and using technology similar to the one used in the Oil and Gas industry.
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- 2023
16. Bioleaching process development and optimization to recover critical raw materials from sulfidic mining wastes
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Pino-Herrera, Douglas O., Beaulieu, Mickaël, Joulian, Catherine, Guezennec, Anne-Gwenaelle, Bodénan, Françoise, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), MEI Conferences, and European Project: 958252,H2020 RAWMINA
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Reprocessing ,Bioleaching ,[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology ,Mining waste ,Critical Raw Materials CRM - Abstract
International audience; Bioleaching of sulfidic mine wastes from the Iberian pyrite belt was studied in the framework of the H2020 project RAWMINA to recover critical raw materials and to remove sulfides. The study focused on the process development and optimization, and on the understanding of the mechanisms involved. Bioleaching tests were performed using a microbial consortium (Leptospirillum ferriphilum, Acidithiobacillus caldus and Sulfobacillus spp.) in 2-L stirred tank reactors (STRs) maintained at 42 °C at different operating conditions (solid content, pH control and CO2-enrichment of the gas phase). Main results showed good recovery of Co (~100%), Cu (75%) and Sb (~50%), little effect of CO2 gas enrichment on the microbial growth and a negative influence of low pH (< 1) on iron oxidation kinetics. Then, two continuous STRs in series (total volume of 6-L) were used to test the optimized operating conditions. This test also allowed increasing microorganisms' resistance to low-pH.
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- 2023
17. Pilot-scale demonstrations of innovative biohydrometallurgy for sustainable valorisation of mining waste: main outcomes from H2020-NEMO project
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Guezennec, Anne-Gwenaelle, Hubau, Agathe, Pino-Herrera, Douglas O., Heikkinen, Ville, Dew, Dave, Falagan, Carmen, Hudson-Edwards, Karen, Khoshkhoo, Mohammad, Sand, Anders, Makinen, Jarno, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Terrafame, University of Exeter, Boliden Mineral AB, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), H2020, and European Project: 776846,NEMO
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sulfide ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,bioleaching ,Tailings ,Mining wastes ,Critical metals - Abstract
International audience; In the frame of the European project H2020-NEMO (Near-zero-waste recycling of low-grade sulphidic mining waste for critical-metal, mineral and construction raw-material production in a circular economy), (bio)hydrometallurgical processing routes were developed to remove sulphides from tailings while residual valuable metals and minerals were recovered. Two case-studies were considered: low-S tailings from Sotkamo mine and high-S tailings from Luikonlahti mine. The core technology was the heap bioleaching for Sotkamo and bioleaching in stirred tank reactors for Luikonlahti, and both of them were compared to the pond bioleaching option. Several downstream processes were then applied to the bioleachate for the recovery and separation of Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, REE, Mn, K and Mg. All the (bio)hydrometallurgical processes developed within NEMO were demonstrated up to TRL 7-8 in various pilot scales, which provides a relevant technological portfolio for tailings valorization and reduction of long-term environmental impacts.
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- 2023
18. Remote Sensing Data for Digital Soil Mapping in French Research—A Review
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Richer-De-Forges, Anne, Chen, Qianqian, Baghdadi, Nicolas, Chen, Songchao, Gomez, Cécile, Jacquemoud, Stéphane, Martelet, Guillaume, Mulder, Vera L., Urbina-Salazar, Diego, Vaudour, Emmanuelle, Weiss, Marie, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Arrouays, D., Info&Sols (Info&Sols), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Zhejiang University, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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scale ,remote sensing ,soil digital soil mapping ,sampling density ,review ,resolution ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,covariates ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,sensors ,wavelengths - Abstract
International audience; Soils are at the crossroads of many existential issues that humanity is currently facing. Soils are a finite resource that is under threat, mainly due to human pressure. There is an urgent need to map and monitor them at field, regional, and global scales in order to improve their management and prevent their degradation. This remains a challenge due to the high and often complex spatial variability inherent to soils. Over the last four decades, major research efforts in the field of pedometrics have led to the development of methods allowing to capture the complex nature of soils. As a result, digital soil mapping (DSM) approaches have been developed for quantifying soils in space and time. DSM and monitoring have become operational thanks to the harmonization of soil databases, advances in spatial modeling and machine learning, and the increasing availability of spatiotemporal covariates, including the exponential increase in freely available remote sensing (RS) data. The latter boosted research in DSM, allowing the mapping of soils at high resolution and assessing the changes through time. We present a review of the main contributions and developments of French (inter)national research, which has a long history in both RS and DSM. Thanks to the French SPOT satellite constellation that started in the early 1980s, the French RS and soil research communities have pioneered DSM using remote sensing. This review describes the data, tools, and methods using RS imagery to support the spatial predictions of a wide range of soil properties and discusses their pros and cons. The review demonstrates that RS data are frequently used in soil mapping (i) by considering them as a substitute for analytical measurements, or (ii) by considering them as covariates related to the controlling factors of soil formation and evolution. It further highlights the great potential of RS imagery to improve DSM, and provides an overview of the main challenges and prospects related to digital soil mapping and future sensors. This opens up broad prospects for the use of RS for DSM and natural resource monitoring.
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- 2023
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19. Nickel mass balance and isotopic records in a serpentinic weathering profile: Implications on the continental Ni budget
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Machado, A.L., Garnier, J., Ratié, Gildas, Guimaraes, E., Monvoisin, G., Cloquet, C., Quantin, C., University of Brasilia [Brazil] (UnB), Laboratoire Mixte International Observatoire des Changements Environnementaux (LMI-OCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)
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Ultramafic rock ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Weathering ,Chemical Geology ,Ni-bearing phase ,Ni isotope ,Mass fluxes ,REE - Abstract
International audience; During serpentinite rock weathering, Ni is concentrated in the regolith owing to residual and secondary enrichment, forming a Ni-rich deposit under tropical conditions. This study presents geochemical, isotopic, and mineralogical data for Ni from the Serra do Puma Complex (SPC) weathering profile in Carajas (Brazil). The Ni fluxes, redistribution, and Ni isotopic fractionation magnitudes were quantified along the entire weathering profile: rock, saprock, lower and upper saprolite, and limonite. The results show that chlorite and serpentine are the primary Ni-scavenging phases in saprolite, whereas Fe oxyhydroxides are the main Ni-hosting minerals in the limonite unit. The mass balance model confirmed a global Ni gain at the weathered profile scale, with larger Ni enrichment in the upper saprolite. The isotopic dataset obtained in this study contributes greatly to the knowledge of the current Ni cycle on regional and global scales. The detailed insights into Ni isotopes in the SPC, coupled with chemical and mineralogical composition, allow for the first time a Ni mass balance and Ni isotopic values for an entire weathering profile in an Amazonian context. The Ni isotopic profile agrees with the preferential retention of light Ni isotopes in the residual material relative to the parent rock during weathering processes, with the Δ60Ni limonite-saprock of −0.72‰. In the SPC, major isotopic fractionation was notably recorded during saprolitization, while limonitization was accompanied by an overall Ni loss without significant Ni isotopic fractionation. As already observed in previous studies, heavier Ni isotopes, preferentially leached during weathering processes, can be further mobilized downward and lost from the profile or incorporated in secondary minerals in the saprolite and limonite sections. The Ni isotopic mass balance model indicated that the Ni loss from the weathered serpentinite profile was isotopically heavy, in agreement with the isotopically heavier composition of the dissolved load of Amazonian rivers. The isotopically light Ni pool, associated with the significant Ni gain encountered in the upper saprolite, is notable in the SPC weathering profile and confirms the existence of a light Ni isotope reservoir in the continent.
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- 2023
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20. Caractérisation spatiale de la sécheresse grâce à CHIRPS et à un ensemble de données basées sur les stations dans l'est de la Méditerranée
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Orieschnig, Christina, Cavus, Yonca, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Fribourg = University of Fribourg (UNIFR), and Beykent University [Istanbul]
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in-situ data ,drought ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology ,CHIRPS - Abstract
International audience; Drought is a natural hazard which occurs in all climatic zones and affects different sectors, such as irrigation, energy, water supply, and ecology. Monitoring and predicting drought are pressing challenges, as drought is becoming more common and severe owing to the impacts of climate change and increased cli- matic variability. However, in many areas of the globe, the temporal and spatial characterization of droughts and drought severities are hindered by a lack of reliable, locally-measured long-term data and unevenly distributed, erratic meteorological stations. In this situation, remote sensing datasets such as Climate Hazards Group In- fraRed Precipitation with Station Data (CHIRPS) can offer valuable insights into long-term developments and the spatial characteristics of droughts. Nonetheless, it is often uncertain to which extent data such as CHIRPS succeeds in representing local dynamics and how this varies between geographical regions and climate zones. In this analysis, we aim to evaluate spatial drought conditions over the Seyhan River basin in Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean. Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) as a drought index, the applicability of CHIRPS as a long-term satellite precipitation product for drought monitoring is investigated. We compare two spatial representations of the SPI: one derived on a per-pixel basis from CHIRPS data since 1981, the other based on data from 19 meteorological stations scattered across the basin, which was spatialized using inverse distance weighted interpolation (IDW). Our results offer insights into the relative accuracy of CHIRPS data and avenues towards optimizing the quality of spatial drought characterization.
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- 2023
21. Services provided by multifunctional agroecosystems : Questions, obstacles and solutions
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Alexia Stokes, Géraldine Bocquého, Pascal Carrere, Raphaël Conde Salazar, Marc Deconchat, Léo Garcia, Antoine Gardarin, Christian Gary, Cédric Gaucherel, Mamadou Gueye, Mickael Hedde, Françoise Lescourret, Zhun Mao, Nicolas Quérou, Gabrielle Rudi, Jean-Michel Salles, Raphael Soubeyran, Julie Subervie, Aude Vialatte, Fabrice Vinatier, Marielle Thomas, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), AgroParisTech-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine (LEDa), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Géopolitique de l’Energie et des Matières Premières (LEDA-CGEMP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), We acknowledge the funding and support provided by the INRAE Metaprogram ‘Ecosystem Services’, (https://colloque.inrae.fr/metaprograms-workshops_eng/Metaprograms/EcoServ). In particular, we thank Dr Guy Richard (INRAE, France) for his dynamic leadership of this research program. AS, MZ and CG received funding from the EU Horizon Europe Programme under grant agreement number 101059498 (eco2adapt: Ecosystem-based Adaptation and Changemaking to Shape, Protect and Maintain the Resilience of Tomorrow’s Forests)., and European Project: 101059498 ,eco2adapt
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Environmental Engineering ,Social-ecological system ,Economics ,Ecosystem services ,Biodiversity ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Farm ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Model ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; Highlights: • We investigated multifunctionality and ecosystem services in agroecosystems. • 18 research questions, obstacles and solutions were identified. • Future research must integrate knowledge from different sectors and communities. • Biodiversity is a key factor to explore and incorporate into modelling approaches. • Promoting dialogue, standardization and data-sharing would enhance progress.Abstract:Agroecosystems are facing new challenges in the context of a growing and increasingly interconnected human population, and a paradigm shift is needed to successfully address the many complex questions that these challenges will generate. The transition to providing multiple services within an agroecosystem is a starting point for heightened multifunctionality, however, there is still hesitation among stakeholders about moving towards multi-service systems, largely because of the lack of knowledge linking productivity and multifunctionality. We reason that much of this reticence could be overcome through a better understanding of stakeholder requirements and innovative transdisciplinary research extended in the dimensions of time and space. We assembled experts in France to identify priority research questions for co-constructing projects with stakeholders. We identified 18 key questions, as well as the obstacles that hinder their resolution and propose potential solutions for tackling these obstacles. We illustrate that research into agroecosystem multifunctionality and service production must be a hugely collaborative effort and needs to integrate knowledge from different sectors and communities. Promoting dialogue, standardization and data-sharing would enhance transdisciplinary progress. Biodiversity is highlighted as a key factor to explore and incorporate into modelling approaches, but major advances must be made in the understanding of dynamic changes in the biodiversity-function-service nexus across landscapes. Resolving these research questions will allow us to translate knowledge into decision objectives, identify adaptation and tipping points in agroecosystems and develop social-ecological economic pathways that are adaptive over time.
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- 2023
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22. Concepts in Water Security, Natural Assurance Schemes and Nature-Based Solutions
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Peter van der Keur, Nora Van Cauwenbergh, Elena López Gunn, Jonatan Godinez Madrigal, Philippe Le Coent, Raffaele Giordano, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Institute for Water Education (IHE Delft ), I CATALIST MADRID ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
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Water security ,Ecosystem-based approach ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Natural assurance scheme ,Readiness level - Abstract
This chapter provides the context of water security for ecosystem-based approaches, notably nature-based solutions (NBS) operationalized in natural assurance schemes (NAS). The huge potential and value of nature-based solutions to both mitigate the effect of water while providing large and important co-benefits is addressed in this book and for this a deeper understanding is needed on how this contributes to water security and how barriers to implementation of NBS and NAS can be overcome. Firstly, relevant concepts and approaches of water security are introduced and reviewed; secondly, the assurance and insurance value is elaborated upon as distinct properties of ecosystem-based approaches; thirdly, the concepts of readiness levels for technology and knowledge, socio-institutionality and investment are introduced to address barriers for the operationalization of the value of ecosystem-based schemes to develop and harvest the full potential of climate resilient investments while addressing EU policies, including the Green Deal, Climate Adaptation Strategy and Strategy for Biodiversity. Finally, based on this chapter, overarching questions are posed which are addressed and discussed in the course of this book.
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- 2023
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23. Is a dissipation half-life of 5 years for chlordecone in soils of the French West Indies relevant?
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Pierre-Loïc Saaidi, Olivier Grünberger, Anatja Samouëlian, Yves Le Roux, Antoine Richard, Damien A. Devault, Cyril Feidt, Pierre Benoit, Olivier Evrard, Gwenaël Imfeld, Christophe Mouvet, Marc Voltz, Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agrosystèmes tropicaux (ASTRO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte (CUFR), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES), and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)
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Dissipation ,Chlordecone ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Environmental fate ,Persistent organic pollutants ,Modeling ,Soils ,General Medicine ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Toxicology ,[CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other ,Pollution - Abstract
International audience; Recently, Comte et al. (2022) re-examined the natural degradation of chlordecone (CLD) in the soils of the French West Indies (FWI) by introducing an additional ‘dissipation parameter’ into the WISORCH model developed by Cabidoche et al. (2009). Recent data sets of CLD concentrations in FWI soils obtained by Comte et al. enabled them optimizing the model parameters, resulting in significantly shorter estimates of pollution persistence than in the original model. Their conclusions jeopardize the paradigm of a very limited degradation of CLD in FWI soils, which may lead to an entire revision of the management of CLD contamination. However, we believe that their study is questionable on several important aspects. This includes potential biases in the data sets and in the modeling approach. It results in an inconsistency between the estimated dissipation half-life time (DT50) of five years that the authors determined for CLD and the fate of CLD in soil from the application period 1972–1993 until nowadays. Most importantly, a rapid dissipation of CLD in the field as proposed by Comte et al. is not sufficiently supported by data and estimates. Hence, the paradigm of long-term persistence of CLD in FWI soils is still to be considered.
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- 2023
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24. Catchment-scale variability and driving factors of fine sediment deposition: insights from a coupled experimental and machine-learning-based modeling study
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Thomas Grangeon, Cécile Gracianne, Yvonnick Favreau, Rosalie Vandromme, Grégory Dupeux, Olivier Cerdan, Jérémy Rohmer, Olivier Evrard, Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), HYDRO CONCEPT Bureau d’études, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours (UT)
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Connectivity ,Erosion ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Stratigraphy ,Fine sediment ,Deposition ,Catchment ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Random forest - Abstract
Purpose Fine sediment deposition is an important component of the catchment sediment budget and affects river morphology, biology, and contaminant transfer. However, the driving factors of fine sediment deposition remain poorly understood at the catchment scale, limiting our ability to model this process. Methods Fine sediment deposition and river reach characteristics were collected over the entire river network of three medium-sized (200–2200 km2) temperate catchments, corresponding to 11,302 river reaches. This unique database was analyzed and used to develop and evaluate a random forest model. The model was used to predict sediment deposition and analyze its driving factors. Results Fine sediment deposition displayed a high spatial variability and a weak but significant relationship with the Strahler order and river reach width (Pearson coefficient r = −0.4 and 0.4, respectively), indicating the likely nonlinear influence of river reach characteristics. The random forest model predicted fine sediment deposition intensity with an accuracy of 81%, depending on the availability of training data. Bed substrate granularity, flow condition, reach depth and width, and the proportion of cropland and forest were the six most influential variables on fine sediment deposition intensity, suggesting the importance of both hillslope and within-river channel processes in controlling fine sediment deposition. Conclusion This study presented and analyzed a unique dataset. It also demonstrated the potential of random forest approaches to predict fine sediment deposition at the catchment scale. The proposed approach is complementary to measurements and process-based models. It may be useful for improving the understanding of sediment connectivity in catchments, the design of future measurement campaigns, and help prioritize areas to implement mitigation strategies.
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- 2023
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25. Dynamically coupling system dynamics and SWAT+ models using Tinamït: application of modular tools for coupled human–water system models
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Joel Z. Harms, Julien J. Malard-Adam, Jan F. Adamowski, Ashutosh Sharma, Albert Nkwasa, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, and Faculty of Engineering
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openmi ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,scarcity ,resources ,simulation ,management ,General Environmental Science ,soil - Abstract
Participatory water resource management requires modeling techniques that are accurate and flexible yet stakeholder-friendly. While different modeling frameworks offer advantages and disadvantages, system dynamics (SDs) models have seen sustained use as a stakeholder-friendly approach for participatory water resource modeling. Physically based models (e.g., SWAT+) have seen sustained use to model the hydrological components of water systems. Proposed as a way to combine the relative strengths of both modeling paradigms, model coupling allows researchers to, for example, build participatory SD models with stakeholders, while delegating the hydrological components of the overall model to an external hydrological model. Recently developed to facilitate model coupling, the Tinamït Python package presents an extensible, outward-facing application programming interface (API). It allows for the development of extensions (wrappers) that expand compatibility with different physically based models. However, no watershed hydrological model has yet been connected to this API. In the present study, a socket and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)-based communication protocol was developed with the goal of facilitating the coupling of models written in languages such as Fortran. This novel protocol served to develop a Tinamït-compatible wrapper for the hydrological model SWAT+, allowing it to be coupled to human–water SD models. The novel coupling protocol was then applied to a case study of Tanzania's Usa river catchment. This approach provides the modeler with the benefits of both physically based and SD models, thereby allowing the detection of potentially far-reaching effects of policy-makers' decisions.
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- 2023
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26. Decision-support for land reclamation location and design choices in the Maldives
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Thomas van der Pol, Geronimo Gussmann, Jochen Hinkel, Angel Amores, Marta Marcos, Jeremy Rohmer, Erwin Lambert, Alexander Bisaro, Global Climate Forum e.V., Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), European Project: No 690462,INSeaPTION, and European Project: 869304,PROTECT
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Atmospheric Science ,Global and Planetary Change ,Flood risk management ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Coastal protection ,Cost-benefit analysis ,Climate change adaptation ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Land reclamation ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Sea level rise ,Deep uncertainty ,Maldives ,Reliability analysis - Abstract
International audience; Land reclamation in the Maldives is widespread. Current land reclamation practices, however, lack a systematic approach to anticipate sea-level rise and do not account for local flood risk differences to inform location and design choices. To address these limitations, this paper applies two decision-support tools: a hazard threshold analysis, and a cost-benefit analysis. Both tools produce site-specific estimates of land elevations or flood defence heights but do so for different goals. The hazard threshold analysis identifies hazard-based solutions that meet an acceptable flood probability for an intended lifespan without follow-up actions by reliability optimisation. The cost-benefit analysis identifies risk-based solutions using dynamic programming. We apply both tools to two land reclamation sites, a newly reclaimed airport island and a land extension of an inhabited island, in the Maldives. We find that total hazard-based heights for long-term planning horizons are highly uncertain, with local height differences of up to 1.9 m across sealevel rise scenarios by 2100. Risk-based Island elevations, in contrast, differ much less across scenarios, offering a practical advantage for decision-making. However, land reclamation choices on location, land elevation and investment in flood protection are not only driven by hazardrelated aspects, such as reef characteristics, swell exposure, and sea-level rise, but also by estimates of exposed assets, reclamation, and flood protection costs. Taken together, the two decision-support tools are helpful for improving adaptation decisions and are also applicable in other small island regions.
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- 2023
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27. Climatic against land use variability impact on soil erosion in two contrasting environments
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Olivier Cerdan, Valentin Landemaine, Anthony Foucher, Jean-François Desprats, Olivier Evrard, Thomas Grangeon, Clément Chabert, Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), and EGU
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[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
International audience; At continental and geological time scales, tectonic forces and climate are the first landscape evolution drivers. However, since the Neolithic, human is recognised as being a new geomorphic agent, indirectly or directly moving significant amount of materials across landscapes. In a context of global changes, when both climate and human activities are rapidly evolving, the question of the relative contribution of climate variability and anthropogenic activities to soil erosion remains poorly quantified. Understanding this contribution is however key to the design of appropriate soil erosion management plans. Based on two catchment-scale hydrosedimentary observatories, the objective of this study is to quantify the relative importance of climate variability and land use change on the erosive response of two headwater catchments located in contrasted environments. The first study area is in a volcanic tropical island and the second one is in a lowland, intensively cultivated plain under an oceanic temperate climate. More particularly, we will investigate the importance of rainfall and associated flood events intensity and frequency on the water and sediment fluxes. The influence of these temporal dynamics (i.e. frequency/intensity of events) will be studied according to different land uses, as the two questions (spatial/temporal variabilities) are closely interlinked.
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- 2023
28. Modelling interranual variability of methane emissions from a temperate degraded peatland
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Line Jourdain, Elodie Salmon, Christophe Guimbaud, Chunjin Qiu, Sebastien Gogo, Bertrand Guenet, Fabrice Jégou, Fattima Lagoun Défarge, Philippe Ciais, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), SNO-Tourbières, and EGU
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] - Abstract
International audience; Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane in the atmosphere. How the methane emissions from wetlands will evolve with global change is a subject of debate. In this study, we investigate the interannual variability of methane emissions from a temperate degraded peatland located in the Sologne region (French Region Centre) and test the ability of the land surface model ORCHIDEE to reproduce this variability. The site is instrumented for long term monitoring of the hydrological parameters, greenhouse gas emissions, dissolved organic content and biodiversity. The peat has undergone several perturbations due to the urbanization of the site that led to drainage and invasion by vascular plants (Molinia Caerula, Erica Tretalix). Our study focuses on the 2014-2020 period after a hydrological restoration was undertaken. The model, driven by meteorological data and constrained by in situ hydrological data, primary productivity and total soil carbon, is able to reproduce the general temporal trend in methane emissions. The model is used to investigate the effect of climatological conditions (droughts) and vegetation changes (invasion by vascular plants) on the observed trend of methane fluxes. The model is also used to study the relative contributions of different methane transport processes (by the plants, from ebullition and diffusion) to the methane flux observed in La Guette peatland.
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- 2023
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29. Subobduction: subduction plate boundary hiccups revealed by blueschists, eclogites and ophiolites
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Philippe Agard, Mathieu Soret, Guillaume Bonnet, Dia Ninkabou, Alexis Plunder, Cécile Prigent, Philippe Yamato, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Geosciences Union
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[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics - Abstract
Fragments of ancient oceanic lithosphere preserved in mountain belts, though volumetrically subordinate, provide essential insights into past geodynamics and formation and destruction of oceanic lithosphere. This contribution shows how the two types of oceanic fragments, blueschists and eclogites, on one hand, and ophiolites on the other, preserve crucial information on the dynamics of oceanic convergence, i.e. subduction and obduction.Their mutual relationships, as well as the similarities and differences in the mechanisms leading to their preservation, allow tracking the evolution of the subduction process through time, from the onset of intra-oceanic subduction to the cessation of continental subduction – and, in some cases, to the obduction of ophiolites.Fragments located at the base and immediately below unmetamorphosed (true) ophiolites represent witnesses of intra-oceanic subduction initiation and reveal, in particular, initial mechanical resistance to subduction, subsequent cooling and gradual strain localization. Subducted fragments of oceanic lithosphere metamorphosed as blueschists and eclogites, scraped off the downgoing slab episodically, at shallow or great depths, provide direct access to the composition, structure and rheology of rocks at the plate interface.Both types reflect the mechanical behavior and 'hiccups' of the subduction plate boundary, during subduction initiation and mature subduction respectively.
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- 2023
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30. Monitoring shoreline rotation with a coastsnap system at the mesotidal embayed beach of Lafitenia, France
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A. DEBURGHGRAEVE, A. ROBINET, S. LECACHEUX, C. BOUVIER, E. SIMON, D. ROSEBERY, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Centre Aquitain des Technologies de l'Information et Electroniques (CATIE), Office national des forêts (ONF), FEDER, BRGM, CATIE, ONF, and European Project: FEDER
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Shoreline changes ,CoastSnap ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Coastal processes ,Beach rotation - Abstract
International audience; Shoreline position varies over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales in response to a variety of processes. The monitoring of its position changes requires availability of high-frequency observations over a long period. In this study, the low-cost crowd-sourced system CoastSnap (Harley et al., 2019) is used to investigate the shoreline dynamics at the embayed beach of Lafitenia over a 9months period. After the validation of CoastSnap images rectification thanks to in situ surveyed data, a quantitative analyse of cross-shore position changes is undertaken using high tide waterline. The obtained results show apparent short time scale beach rotation for the first time at Lafitenia. This new shoreline mapping approach offers new perspectives to study short time coastal processes over long periods.
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- 2023
31. Assessing and modeling hydrogen reactivity in underground hydrogen storage: A review and models simulating the Lobodice town gas storage
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Joachim Tremosa, Rasmus Jakobsen, Yann Le Gallo, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), GEOSTOCK, Geostock, and European Project: 101007176 ,HyStorIES
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Economics and Econometrics ,Fuel Technology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Lobodice ,hydrogen ,geological storage ,PHREEQC ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,methanogenesis ,gas/water/rock interaction ,sulfate-reduction ,bio-geochemical modeling - Abstract
International audience; Underground Hydrogen storage (UHS) is a promising technology for safe storage of large quantities of hydrogen, in daily to seasonal cycles depending on the consumption requirements. The development of UHS requires anticipating hydrogen behavior to prevent any unexpected economic or environmental impact. An open question is the hydrogen reactivity in underground porous media storages. Indeed, there is no consensus on the effects or lack of geochemical reactions in UHS operations because of the strong coupling with the activity of microbes using hydrogen as electron donor during anaerobic reduction reactions. In this work, we apply different geochemical models to abiotic conditions or including the catalytic effect of bacterial activity in methanogenesis, acetogenesis and sulfate-reduction reactions. The models are applied to Lobodice town gas storage (Czech Republic), where a conversion of hydrogen to methane was measured during seasonal gas storage. Under abiotic conditions, no reaction is simulated. When the classical thermodynamic approach for aqueous redox reactions is applied, the simulated reactivity of hydrogen is too high. The proper way to simulate hydrogen reactivity must include a description of the kinetics of the aqueous redox reactions. Two models are applied to simulate the reactions of hydrogen observed at Lobodice gas storage. One modeling the microbial activity by applying energy threshold limitations and another where microbial activity follows a Monod-type rate law. After successfully calibrating the bio-geochemical models for hydrogen reactivity on existing gas storage data and constraining the conditions where microbial activity will inhibit or enhance hydrogen reactivity, we now have a higher confidence in assessing the hydrogen reactivity in future UHS in aquifers or depleted reservoirs.
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- 2023
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32. Augmented quantization : a general approach to mixture models
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Sire, Charlie, Le Riche, Rodolphe, Rullière, Didier, Rohmer, Jérémy, Pheulpin, Lucie, Richet, Yann, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Bureau d'expertise en hydrogéologie, risques Inondation, météorologiques et géotechniques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN/BEHRIG), Service de caractérisation des sites et des aléas naturels (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Henri Fayol (FAYOL-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Génie mathématique et industriel (FAYOL-ENSMSE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Institut Henri Fayol, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), and UQ@Paris-Saclay
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[STAT]Statistics [stat] ,[MATH]Mathematics [math] - Abstract
International audience; Quantization methods classically provide a discrete representation of a continuous set. This type of representation is relevant when the objective is thevisualisation of weighted prototype elements representative of a continuous phenomenon. Nevertheless, more complex descriptions may be investigated. In this sense, mixture models identify subpopulations in a sample, arising from different distributions. The Gaussian mixture model is particularly popular and relies on the Expectation-Maximisation (EM) algorithm [1] for maximum likelihood estimation. The computation of the likelihood limits the type of distributions in the mixture; more specifically, for the Dirac distributions and even uniform components despite their high interest in practice for processing computer experiments. Their visualization is convenient and can lead to a sensitivity analysis where variables with largest marginals are least sensitive and vice versa, as shown by our application to a flooding real case in [2].The objective of our study is to build a very general method to provide a mixture model that approximates a sample (xi) n i=1 ∈ X n ⊂ R n from a random variable X. The representatives of the sample are the calculated components of the mixture, chosen in a parameterized family of laws denoted R. We investigate, for a given number of representatives ℓ ∈ N, the mixture X˜ ℓ = R(J) approximating X. The representatives (R(j) ) ℓ j=1 and the discrete random variable J ∈ {1, . . . , ℓ} need to be optimised.
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- 2023
33. A Framework for Estimating Global River Discharge From the Surface Water and Ocean Topography Satellite Mission
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Michael Durand, Colin J. Gleason, Tamlin M. Pavelsky, Renato Prata de Moraes Frasson, Michael Turmon, Cédric H. David, Elizabeth H. Altenau, Nikki Tebaldi, Kevin Larnier, Jerome Monnier, Pierre Olivier Malaterre, Hind Oubanas, George H. Allen, Brian Astifan, Craig Brinkerhoff, Paul D. Bates, David Bjerklie, Stephen Coss, Robert Dudley, Luciana Fenoglio, Pierre‐André Garambois, Augusto Getirana, Peirong Lin, Steven A. Margulis, Pascal Matte, J. Toby Minear, Aggrey Muhebwa, Ming Pan, Daniel Peters, Ryan Riggs, Md Safat Sikder, Travis Simmons, Cassie Stuurman, Jay Taneja, Angelica Tarpanelli, Kerstin Schulze, Mohammad J. Tourian, Jida Wang, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), School of Earth Sciences [Columbus], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), CS Group - SI Toulouse [France] (C-S Group), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), University of Bristol [Bristol], U.S Geological Survey, Institut für Geodäsie und Geoinformationstechnik, Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Peking University [Beijing], Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [UCLA - Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Environment and Climate Change Canada, University of Colorado [Boulder], Kansas State University, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Texas A&M University [College Station], California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA, Research Institute for the Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Perugia, and University of Stuttgart
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remote sensing ,discharge ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,inverse problem ,SWOT mission ,hydrology ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
International audience; The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will vastly expand measurements of global rivers, providing critical new data sets for both gaged and ungaged basins. SWOT discharge products (available approximately 1 year after launch) will provide discharge for all river that reaches wider than 100 m. In this paper, we describe how SWOT discharge produced and archived by the US and French space agencies will be computed from measurements of river water surface elevation, width, and slope and ancillary data, along with expected discharge accuracy. We present for the first time a complete estimate of the SWOT discharge uncertainty budget, with separate terms for random (standard error) and systematic (bias) uncertainty components in river discharge time series. We expect that discharge uncertainty will be less than 30% for two-thirds of global reaches and will be dominated by bias. Separate river discharge estimates will combine both SWOT and in situ data; these “gage-constrained” discharge estimates can be expected to have lower systematic uncertainty. Temporal variations in river discharge time series will be dominated by random error and are expected to be estimated within 15% for nearly all reaches, allowing accurate inference of event flow dynamics globally, including in ungaged basins. We believe this level of accuracy lays the groundwork for SWOT to enable breakthroughs in global hydrologic science.Plain Language Summary The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission was launched on 15 December 2022. SWOT is designed to produce estimates of river discharge on many rivers where no in situ discharge measurements are currently available. This paper describes how SWOT discharge estimates will be created, and their expected accuracy. SWOT discharge will be estimated using simple flow laws that combine SWOT measurements of river water elevation above sea level, river width, and river slope, with ancillary data such as river bathymetry. We expect that discharge uncertainty will be less than 30% for two-thirds of global reaches and will be dominated by a systematic bias. Temporal variations in river discharge time series are expected to be estimated within 15% for nearly all reaches, thus capturing the response of river discharge to rainfall and snowmelt events, including in basins that are currently ungaged, and providing a new capability for scientists to better track the flows of freshwater water through the Earth system.
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- 2023
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34. Low dispersion finite volume/element discretization of the enhanced Green-Naghdi equations for wave propagation, breaking and runup on unstructured meshes
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M. Kazolea, A.G. Filippini, M. Ricchiuto, Certified Adaptive discRete moDels for robust simulAtions of CoMplex flOws with Moving fronts (CARDAMOM), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)
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Atmospheric Science ,Wave breaking ,[MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph] ,Computer Science (miscellaneous) ,Green-Naghdi equations ,Finite Elements ,High order ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Oceanography ,[MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA] ,Hybrid scheme ,Finite Volumes - Abstract
International audience; We study a hybrid approach combining a FV and FE method to solve a fully nonlinear and weakly-dispersive depth averaged wave propagation model. The FV method is used to solve the underlying hyperbolic shallow water system, while a standard P 1 finite element method is used to solve the elliptic system associated to the dispersive correction. We study the impact of several numerical aspects: the impact of the reconstruction used in the hyperbolic phase; the representation of the FV data in the FE method used in the elliptic phase and their impact on the theoretical accuracy of the method; the well-posedness of the overall method. For the first element we proposed a systematic implementation of an iterative reconstruction providing on arbitrary meshes up to third order solutions, full second order first derivatives, as well as a consistent approximation of the second derivatives. These properties are exploited to improve the assembly of the elliptic solver, showing dramatic improvement of the finale accuracy, if the FV representation is correctly accounted for. Concerning the elliptic step, the original problem is usually better suited for an approximation in H(div) spaces. However, it has been shown that perturbed problems involving similar operators with a small Laplace perturbation are well behaved in H 1. We show, based on both heuristic and strong numerical evidence, that numerical dissipation plays a major role in stabilizing the coupled method, and not only providing convergent results, but also providing the expected convergence rates. Finally, the full mode, coupling a wave breaking closure previously developed by the authors, is thoroughly tested on standard benchmarks using unstructured grids with sizes comparable or coarser than those usually proposed in literature.
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- 2023
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35. Using anticipation to unveil drivers of local livelihoods in Transfrontier Conservation Areas: A call for more environmental justice
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Robin Bourgeois, Chloé Guerbois, Nicia Giva, Prisca Mugabe, Billy Mukamuri, Richard Fynn, William’s Daré, Moseki Motsholapheko, Lerato Nare, Etienne Delay, Raphaëlle Ducrot, Joaquim Bucuane, Sara Mercandalli, Christophe Le Page, Alexandre Caron, Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement (UMR ART-Dev), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Reconciling Ecological and Human Adaptations for Biosphere Sustainability (REHABS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Eduardo Mondlane University, University of Zimbabwe (UZ), University of Botswana, Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés (SENS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), National University of Science and Technology [Bulawayo], Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), European Commission, Grant/Award Number: FED/2017/394-443, Université Eduardo Mondlane, This article was supported by the EU funded ‘ProSuLi in TFCAs’ project (FED/2017/394-443) and implemented within the framework of the research platform RP-PCP (www.rp-pcp.org)., and European Project: FED/2017394-443
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southern Africa ,governance ,well-being ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,local communities ,participatory approach ,futures ,protected areas ,recognition justice ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
International audience; Calling on the concept of environmental justice in its distributive, procedural and recognition dimensions, we implemented a coelaborative scenario building approach to explore sustainable livelihoods pathways in four sites belonging to two Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) in southern Africa. Grounded on participation and transdisciplinarity, as a foundation for decolonised anticipatory action research, we aimed at stimulating knowledge exchange and providing insights on the future of local livelihoods engaging experts living within these TFCAs. Our results show that wildlife and wildlife-related activities are not seen as the primary drivers of local livelihoods, despite the focus and investments of dominant stakeholders in these sectors. Instead, local governance and land use regulations emerged as key drivers in the four study sites. The state of natural resources, including water, and appropriate farming systems also appeared critical to sustain future livelihoods in TFCAs, together with the recognition of indigenous culture, knowledge and value systems. Nature conservation, especially in Africa, is rooted in its colonial past and struggles to free or decolonise itself from the habits of this past despite decades of reconsideration. To date, the enduring coloniality of conservation prevents local citizens from truly participating in the planning and designing of the TFCAs they live in, leaving room for limited benefits to local citizens and often limiting Indigenous people's capacity to conserve. A practical way forward is to consider environmental justice as a cement between the two pillars of the TFCA concept, that is, nature conservation and socio-economic development of local or neighbouring communities, as part of a more broadly and urgent need to rethink the relationships between people in, and with, the rest of nature. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
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- 2023
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36. Effects of shade and deficit irrigation on maize growth and development in fixed and dynamic AgriVoltaic systems
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Isaac A. Ramos-Fuentes, Yassin Elamri, Bruno Cheviron, Cyril Dejean, Gilles Belaud, Damien Fumey, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and This work is part of the R & D project 'Sun'Agri 3', supported by the PIA 2 (Programme d'investissement d'avenir) and ANRT (Association nationale de la recherche et de la technologie), under the ADEME (Agence de l'environnement et de la maitrise de l'energie) Grant Agreement N°1782C0103.
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AgriVoltaic systems ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Shading ,AgriVoltaic systems Maize Shading Deficit irrigation Crop production ,Soil Science ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,Deficit irrigation ,Crop production ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology ,Maize - Abstract
International audience; Maize production is essential for global food security and represents a major supply in several value chains. However, the projected effects of climate change are likely to decrease drastically water availability for crops in many regions, affecting yield. AgriVoltaics (AV) systems are an innovative solution that may improve maize resilience in water-scarce regions mainly by protecting plants from excessive radiation and by reducing irrigation needs. However, shade from panels may also affect crop development and production. This study addresses the interplay between radiation transmission, crop development and irrigation needs of maize cropping in field conditions, by the description of crop development dynamics, distinguishing between fixed and dynamic panels. We showed that maize crop responded to both independent and combined stresses (shade and water deficit), with a significant decrease in leaf area index, total dry matter and grain yield. Concerning water use, we showed the potential of AV to reduce irrigation inputs (by up to 19-47% compared to unshaded plots) via reduced soil water depletion and reference evapotranspiration. The crop development was impacted by shade by increasing phyllochron and causing a generalized delay in phenology. At a finer temporal scale, we concluded that maize leaves react to shade by reducing stomatal conductance, net assimilation of CO2 and leaf temperature in a correlated way to radiation, opening the possibility to use this behavior to optimize water use and shading strategies. The spatial heterogeneities of radiation in fixed AV systems, compared to dynamic AV systems, were identified as a second-order effect at the plot level on leaf area index and phyllochron, compared to the effect of radiation reduction. Moreover, dynamic AV showed their ability to reduce the spatial heterogeneities in soil water depletion, showing the importance of controlled shade strategies in AV systems concerning water use.
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- 2023
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37. Cenozoic kinematics of the Wenchuan-Maoxian fault implies crustal stacking rather than channel flow extrusion at the Tibetan plateau eastern margin (Longmen Shan)
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Chenglong, G.E., Leloup, Philippe Hervé, Zheng, Yong, Scaillet, Stéphane, Airaghi, Laura, Duval, Florian, Zhang, Jinjiang, Li, Haibing, Key Laboratory of Deep‐Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), the Région Centre grant ARGON, ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and ANR-11-EQPX-0036,PLANEX,Planète Expérimentation: simulation et analyse in-situ en conditions extrêmes(2011)
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] - Abstract
International audience; This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
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- 2023
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38. The Norfolk Ridge: A Proximal Record of the Tonga‐Kermadec Subduction Initiation
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J. Collot, R. Sutherland, S. Etienne, M. Patriat, W. R. Roest, B. Marcaillou, C. Clerc, W. Stratford, N. Mortimer, C. Juan, A. Bordenave, P. Schnurle, D. Barker, S. Williams, S. Wolf, M. Crundwell, Service Géologique de Nouvelle Calédonie, Geological Survey of New Caledonia, Department of Industry Mines and Energy-Department of Industry Mines and Energy, Victoria University of Wellington, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geo-Ocean (GEO-OCEAN), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), GNS Science [Lower Hutt], GNS Science, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Douglas Mental Health University Institute [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), DIMENC/SGNC (SGNC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Geophysics ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences - Abstract
Norfolk Ridge bounds the northeastern edge of the continent of Zealandia and is proximal to where Cenozoic Tonga-Kermadec subduction initiation occurred. We present and analyze new seismic reflection, bathymetric and rock data from Norfolk Ridge that show it is composed of a thick sedimentary succession and that it was formed and acquired its present-day ridge physiography and architecture during Eocene to Oligocene uplift, emergence and erosion. Contemporaneous subsidence of the adjacent New Caledonia Trough shaped the western slope of Norfolk Ridge and was accompanied by volcanism. Neogene extension along the eastern slope of Norfolk Ridge led to the opening of the Norfolk Basin. Our observations reveal little or no contractional deformation, in contrast to observations elsewhere in Zealandia, and are hence significant for understanding the mechanics of subduction initiation. We suggest that subduction nucleated north of Norfolk Ridge and propagated rapidly along the ridge during the period 40-35 Ma, giving it a linear and narrow shape. Slab roll-back following subduction initiation may have preserved the ridge and created its eastern flank. Our observations suggest that pre-existing structures, which were likely inherited from Cretaceous Gondwana subduction, were well-oriented to propagate rupture and create self-sustaining subduction. Key Points We present new marine geophysical and geological data of Norfolk Ridge located along the northeastern edge of the Zealandia continent We show that the ridge is not inherited from Cretaceous rifting that led to isolation of Zealandia but from the TECTA Cenozoic tectonic event Analysis of the structure and evolution of Norfolk Ridge underpins our understanding of tectonic processes of subduction initiation Plain Language Summary Plate tectonic theory established and proved that the surface of Earth is composed of rigid moving plates, but it remains unclear how and why these plates sometimes re-configure their boundaries and motions. Subduction zones are places where two plates converge and one plunges deep into the Earth beneath the other one. As the plate sinks, it drags the rest of the plate with it and acts as an engine that “pulls” the plate and drives horizontal motion. This is what drives the dynamics of plate tectonics. How are subduction zones created? This remains an open question, but we know from geological observations that new subduction zones do get created: more than half of all active subduction zones were created after the dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. We present new observations from northern Zealandia (a submerged continent between New Zealand and New Caledonia) that document how one of the largest subduction zones on Earth, the Tonga-Kermadec system, started.
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- 2023
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39. Total Water Level Mitigation Related to Fringing Reef and Upperbeach Vegetation Status at a Hurricane Exposed Coast
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Thibault Laigre, Yann Balouin, Deborah Villarroel-Lamb, Alexandre Nicolae Lerma, Nico Valentini, Manuel Moisan, Ywenn De La Torre, The University of the West Indies, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), The University of the West Indies (UWI), and European Project: Carib-Coast
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[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,total water level ,Xbeach ,coral reef ,upperbeach vegetation ,ecosystem status ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Ocean Engineering ,Water Science and Technology ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
International audience; Increasing evidence suggests that coastal ecosystems provide significant protection against coastal flooding. However, these ecosystems are highly impacted by local human activities and climate change, which has resulted in reducing their extent and can limit their role in flooding mitigation. Most studies dealing with the coastal protection offered by ecosystems focus on a single ecosystem and, also seldom assess potential differences in protection with changes in status of the ecosystem. Therefore, based on a Xbeach Non-hydrostatic numerical modeling approach, we quantified the coastal inundation response to different combinations of ecosystems’ health statuses. A combination of a fringing reef environment associated with a vegetated beach was chosen as this pattern is typical of many low-lying areas of the Caribbean and tropical areas in general. Our results, (1) highlight the potential of capitalizing on the combined impacts of multiple ecosystems on coastal protection, (2) alert to the consequences of further destruction of these ecosystems, (3) demonstrate the predominant role of vegetation with an increased sea-level rise and (4) provide strategies to limit the deleterious effects of present-day and future reef degradation.
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- 2023
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40. Quantification of biodegradation rate of hydrocarbons in a contaminated aquifer by CO2 δ13C monitoring at ground surface
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Christophe Guimbaud, Stéfan Colombano, Cécile Noel, Elicia Verardo, Agnès Grossel, Line Jourdain, Fabrice Jégou, Zhen Hu, Jérémy Jacob, Ioannis Ignatiadis, Michaela Blessing, Jean Christophe Gourry, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ENSEGID, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Info&Sols (Info&Sols), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Shandong University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARD2020 PIVOTS : « Plateformes d'Innovation, de Valorisation et d'Optimisation Technologique environnementaleS » funded by Region Centre, CPER, FEDER, French Research Organisations, within the Platform « PRIME »: pour la « Remédiation et l'Innovation au service de la Métrologie Environnementale » (remediation processes of contaminated soils and aquifers)., ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and European Project: 690958,H2020,H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015,MARSU(2016)
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Environmental Chemistry ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
International audience; Ground surface analysis of CO2 emissions with δ13C determination is experimentally demonstrated to be a potential methodology to monitor, on line, the dynamics of petroleum-hydrocarbon biodegradation in soil aquifers, thanks to the improvement of the Isotopic Ratio Infra Red Spectroscopy technique. Biodegradation rate of remaining hydrocarbon substrates in groundwater can be quantified using basic application of the Rayleigh equations, by δ13CCO2 analysis released at ground surface above the pollution plume instead of usual approaches based on groundwater hydrocarbons δ13C analysis, when physical and chemical properties for the contaminated site meet appropriate conditions.The validation approach for that gasoline contaminated specific site is discussed and verified by comparison of first order attenuation rate constant determined from δ13CCO2 analysis emitted at ground surface and from δ13CTOLUENE analysis in ground water. A kinetic fractionation factor α of 0.9979 (or ε value of −2.1 ± 0.5‰) is estimated for the biodegradation of the most reactive hydrocarbon substrates (TEX). The treatment of this Rayleigh equations by linear regression of δ13CCO2 values along the predominant direction of groundwater flow leads to the following results and conclusions for that site: (i) first order biodegradation rate constants (and annual variation) are maximum after the activation of a Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) in May 2014: 0.92(+0.29–0.17) year−1, and during July and October: 0.46(+0.14–0.09) year−1 and minimum in mid-winter in February 2015: 0.17(+0.05–0.03) year−1, given by the estimation range for ε. These results are in the lower range with reported in literature for similar contaminated sites (1.6–18 year−1) considering natural attenuation under sulfate reducing conditions and (ii) the seasonal variation of the first order biodegradation rate constant is mainly correlated with the seasonal variation of the CO2 flux, where maximum values are in summers and minimum values in winters. Both seasonal variations are mainly due to the annual cycle of the natural biodegradation activity at the scale of the pollution plume, rather than the activation of the PRB.This work demonstrates that δ13CCO2 analysis released at ground surface from biodegradation of groundwater hydrocarbons could provide, under characterized and appropriate conditions, a non-intrusive (without soil samplings), fast, and low-cost online method to monitor and therefore to optimize soil remediation processes in real time. (Monitored Natural Attenuation or Enhanced Bioremediation).
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- 2023
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41. Modélisation avec WEAP dans le cadre du SDAGE du Bassin du Fleuve Sénégal
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Pouget, Jean-Christophe, Bader, Jean-Claude, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Published
- 2023
42. An overview of the Consortium GLADSOILMAP supported by the LE STUDIUM Loire Valley Institute for advanced research studies (France): Joining efforts between sub national, national, continental and global scale digital soil mapping of soils, soil properties and soil functions
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Arrouays, Dominique, Richer-De-Forges, Anne C, Minasny, Budiman, Poggio, Laura, Libohova, Zamir, Leatitia Mulder, Vera, Roudier, Pierre, Martin, Manuel P, Lagacherie, Philippe, Martelet, Guillaume, Nehlig, Pierre, Bourennane, Hocine, Info&Sols (Info&Sols), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Soil Security Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, World Soil Information (ISRIC), Agricultural Research Service , US Department of Agriculture, Dairy Forage Research Center, Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), LE STUDIUM - GladSoilMap Consortium, LE STUDIUM, and INRAE Info&Sols
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[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences - Abstract
International audience
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- 2023
43. Watermelons in the Desert in Morocco: Struggles Around a Groundwater Commons-in-the-Making
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Bossenbroek, Lisa, Ftouhi, Hind, Kadiri, Zakaria, Kuper, Marcel, University of Koblenz-Landau, Centre de Recherches et d’Études sur les Sociétés Contemporaines (CRESC), University Hassan II [Casablanca], Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and ANR-18-NT2S-0002,T2GS,Transformations pour une durabilité des eaux souterraines : apprentissages communs des interactions homme-eau(2018)
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pastèque ,Participation communautaire ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,U70 - Sciences humaines et sociales ,eau souterraine ,Morocco ,Conservation de l'eau ,Arid regions ,Commoning ,Social practices ,approches communautaires ,P10 - Ressources en eau et leur gestion ,Collective action ,Irrigation ,Groundwater ,Citrullus lanatus ,Drâa Valley - Abstract
International audience; Groundwater is essential for early-season agriculture in many arid regions. In such regions, however, groundwater recharge is generally low, leading to groundwater degradation. State responses are seldom effective in addressing this issue, which leads to fatalist narratives of the unsustainability of profitable agricultural growth and the collapse of aquifers. We argue that such narratives make it difficult to recognise more promising instances in which communities find solutions to groundwater degradation. We call for a fine-grained analysis of the social practices around the use of groundwater, which, we argue, represent a process of commoning. We do so while recognising that the collective action of communities is embedded in an intricate set of relations with other stakeholders including the state, and that the positive environmental and transformative social change that is often associated with commoning cannot be taken for granted at the outset. Building on the case of the arid Drâa Valley in Morocco where watermelon production has expanded rapidly, we illustrate how the process of commoning evolves through different social practices, including: 1) the use of new farming practices that reveal the potential of the aquifer; 2) the representation of the aquifer as severely degraded and the development of a narrative around it being a collective good to be protected against outsiders; 3) the defining and negotiating of rules to control groundwater access and use; and 4) the engagement in negotiations and the resolving of conflicts. Our analysis shows that commoning, as performed by young local farmers, is about extending the lifespan of the aquifer for agricultural production rather than preserving it indefinitely; however, an examination of commoning practices also reveals the capacity of the community to change the course of the future.
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- 2023
44. The Persistent Appeal of the California Agricultural Dream in North Africa
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Kuper, Marcel, Mayaux, Pierre-Louis, Benmihoub, Ahmed, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de recherches en économie appliquée au développement (CREAD), and ANR-18-NT2S-0002,T2GS,Transformations pour une durabilité des eaux souterraines : apprentissages communs des interactions homme-eau(2018)
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Social imaginary ,politique de l'eau ,irrigation policies ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Développement agricole ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,Morocco ,ambiguities ,Algeria ,F06 - Irrigation ,Politique agricole ,Irrigation - Abstract
International audience; The development of intensive irrigated agriculture in arid California has inspired many governments and people around the world. In the paper, we show how 'California' as a social imaginary influenced North Africa's irrigation policies. We trace the influence of this imaginary at two very different and critical junctures: in Morocco under the French Protectorate from the 1930s to the 1950s and in the contemporary Algerian Sahara. We argue that the influence of the 'California' imaginary persisted because of how it appeared to be the perfect embodiment of capitalist modernity while at the same time exhibiting two crucial sociopolitical ambiguities; the first ambiguity concerned the proper role of the state and the second had to do with the California imaginary's overall implications in terms of social equity. These ambiguities enabled governing actors to naturalise and routinise this imported imaginary even as they used it to forge distinct types of political settlements that were in line with local historical circumstances. We thus argue that the notion of imaginary, inherently visual and polysemic, is usefully distinguished from alternative notions such as paradigms, narratives and frames. We also contend that imaginaries do not function independently from other social forces, but rather that they are embedded in the wider political economy. This leads us to conclude that any transformation of agricultural policies in North Africa will require the diffusion of an alternative imaginary that is as effective in forging powerful social coalitions as the Californian dream proved to be.
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- 2023
45. When Nudges backfire : Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment to Boost Biological Pest Control
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Chabé-Ferret, Sylvain, Le Coent, Philippe, Lefebvre, Caroline, Préget, Raphaële, Salanié, François, Julie, Subervie, Thoyer, Sophie, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Advanced Studies, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire Virologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
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Nudges ,Behavioral Economics ,[QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin] ,JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D9 - Intertemporal Choice/D.D9.D90 - General ,Pesticides ,JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q58 - Government Policy ,JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q2.Q25 - Water ,Government Policy ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
Nudges are increasingly used to alter the behavior of economic agents as an alternative to monetary incentives. However, little is known as to whether nudges can backfire, that is, how and when they may generate effects opposite to those they intend to achieve. We provide the first field evidence of a nudge that is designed to encourage pro-environmental behavior, which instead backfires. We randomly allocate a social comparison nudge inviting winegrowers to adopt biological pest control as an alternative to chemical pesticide use. We find that our nudge decreases by half the adoption of biological pest control among the largest vineyards, where the bulk of adoption occurs. We show that this result can be rationalized in an economic model where winegrowers and winegrower-cooperative managers bargain over future rents generated by the adoption of biological pest control. This study highlights the importance of experimenting on a small scale with nudges aimed at encouraging adoption of virtuous behaviors in order to detect unexpected adverse effects, particularly in contexts where negotiations on the sharing of the costs of adoption are likely to occur.
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- 2023
46. Shifts in the Ediacaran to Lower Ordovician sedimentary zircon provenances of Northwest Gondwana: the Pyrenean files
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Maxime Padel, Sébastien Clausen, Marc Poujol, Jose Javier Alvaro Blasco, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) [BRGM], Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 [Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)], Géosciences Rennes [GR], Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), BRGM (RGF), project CGL2013-48877-P from Spanish MINECO, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Geodinámica ,Gondwana ,Pyrenees ,Petrología ,Geology ,Detrital zircon ,[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry ,[SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy ,Paleogeography ,Geología estratigráfica ,Rift ,Geoquímica ,Palaeogeography ,Godwana ,Orogeny - Abstract
International audience; Detrital zircon grains from Cambrian–Lower Ordovician sandstones and quartzites sampled in the Pyrenees were dated by LA-ICPMS in order to assess their provenance sources. Resulting age distributions are compared to other available datasets from neighbouring margins, such as Morocco, the Iberian Peninsula, southern France and Sardinia. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test and Crystallization Age-Depositional Age (CA-DA) diagrams were used to compare zircon populations estimating their possible correlation with the arc/rift/drift geodynamic evolution of the northwestern Gondwana margin. During Terreneuvian times, zircon populations allowed the distinction of i) a southwesternmost edge (Anti-Atlas-Ossa-Morena Rift) mostly influenced by Panafrican and Anti-Atlasian sources (ca. 0.63–0.54), ii) a northeasternmost edge (Sardinia) recording the influence of the Saharan Metacraton and the Arabian Nubian Shield, with an distinct Stenian–Tonian shift (ca. 1.25–0.85Ga) and iii) an intermediate palaeogeographic transect, where lies the Central-Iberian, West Asturian-Leonese and Cantabrian Zones, the Montagne Noire and the Pyrenees sharing similar populations and a chronologically progressive influence from Anti-Atlasian/Panafrican to Saharan Metacraton/Arabian Nubian Shield sources. This gradual modification in zircon percentage populations supports similar trends based on climatically sensitive indicators, biogeographic patterns of Cambrian Epoch 2 archaeocyathan and microfossil assemblages, and laterally correlatable episodes of carbonate production, all of them pointing to a Cambrian setting for the Pyrenean Basin between the Montagne Noire (Occitan Domain) and the Sardinian margins of NW Gondwana. The Terreneuvian zircon patterns recorded in the Pyrenees gradually evolved from Cambrian Epoch 2 to Early Ordovician times, reflecting the geodynamic evolution from Panafrican and Cadomian arc-related to rift-dominant conditions. During Furongian and Ordovician times, the relative percentage of zircon populations led to a more spread age curve, characteristic of extensional settings and pointing to rift (passive margin) conditions.
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- 2023
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47. Onset of a submarine eruption east of Mayotte, Comoros archipelago: the first ten months seismicity of the seismo-volcanic sequence (2018–2019)
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Jerome van der Woerd, Nicolas Mercury, Anne Lemoine, Cécile Doubre, Didier Bertil, Roser Hoste Colomer, Jean Battaglia, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
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Comoros archipelago ,Earthquake catalog ,Seismic swarms ,Mayotte ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Submarine volcanism ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Volcano-seismology ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
International audience; From 10 May 2018 to 1 November 2022 (time of writing), an unprecedented seismic activity is observed east of Mayotte Island (France), related to the largest submarine eruption ever recorded with offshore geophysical studies. Using signals from regional and local seismic stations, we build a comprehensive catalog of the local seismicity for the first ten months of the sequence. This catalog includes a total of 2874 events of magnitude (Mlv) ranging from 2.4 to 6.0, with 77% of them relocated using a double difference location procedure. The hypocentral locations over this period are highly dependent on the small seismic network available. Therefore we compare the locations of later events using a similar network and those estimated from a local ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) network installed since March 2019. Based on the time space evolution and characteristics of the seismicity, five distinct phases can be identified, corresponding to the successive activation of two deep seismic swarms, related to the lithospheric-scale magma ascent up to the seafloor, along with progressive deepening of the seismicity interpreted as decompression of a 40 km deep reservoir.
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- 2023
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48. Pomper ou disparaître : le dilemme du renforcement des khettaras par le pompage solaire dans les oasis du Maroc
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Khardi, Yassine, Lacombe, Guillaume, Kuper, Marcel, Taky, Abdelilah, Bouarfa, Sami, Hammani, Ali, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II (IAV Hassan II), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
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oasis khettara solar pumping groundwater Morocco ,Morocco ,solar pumping ,groundwater ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,khettara ,oasis - Abstract
International audience; Farmers using khettaras, which are underground galleries draining the water table and providing a collective access to groundwater, are faced with a dilemma. The khettaras are drying up under the combined effect of groundwater pumping for drinking water and irrigation of recently installed farms, and the reduced recharge of the aquifer. Since their khettaras were threatened, some collectives chose to install wells or boreholes to supply pumped water to these khettaras. This increases the discharge and saves their collective access to groundwater, while at the same time it contributes to a further drop in the water table. In this paper, we discuss this Cornelian choice of oasis communities in southern Morocco. Field observations, satellite image analysis and surveys with farmers made possible to understand the emergence of an irrigation system combining the khettara with solar pumping, to analyze its technical design, and to highlight the capacity of collectives to intervene on the management rules to adapt the technical and institutional system of the khettaras to new conditions. This article contributes to a reflection on the sustainability of access to groundwater in this pre-Saharan context.; Les agriculteurs utilisant les eaux des khettaras, galeries souterraines drainant la nappe phréatique et donnant un accès collectif à l’eau souterraine dans les oasis, font aujourd’hui face à un dilemme. Les khettaras se tarissent sous l’effet conjugué du pompage pour l’eau potable et de l’irrigation des exploitations agricoles des nouvelles extensions, et d’une recharge décroissante de la nappe. Leurs khettaras menacées de disparition, certains collectifs ont choisi d’installer des puits ou des forages alimentés par l’énergie solaire. Cela permet de renforcer le débit des khettaras et ainsi de maintenir l’accès collectif à l’eau souterraine, mais ces installations contribuent aussi à sa surexploitation. Dans cet article, nous mettons en discussion ce choix cornélien des communautés oasiennes dans le sud du Maroc. Des observations de terrain, l’analyse des images satellites, et des enquêtes avec les agriculteurs ont permis de comprendre le contexte d’émergence d’un dispositif associant la khettara au pompage par énergie solaire, d’analyser sa conception technique et de mettre en évidence la capacité des oasiens à intervenir sur les règles de gestion pour superposer ce dispositif technique et institutionnel nouveau au système traditionnel des khettaras. Cet article contribue à une réflexion sur la durabilité de l’accès à l’eau souterraine dans ce contexte présaharien.
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- 2023
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49. 3D Imaging of On-Chip Porous Medium Using X-ray Laminography: Application to Reactive Flow Dissolution at Small Scales
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Morais, Sandy, Lecoutre, Carole, Philippot, Gilles, Aubert, Guillaume, Nguyen, Olivier, Cario, Anaïs, Vidal, Emeline, Campbell, Zachary, Garrab, Yves, Azaroual, Mohamed, Helfen, Lukas, Bernard, Dominique, Marre, Samuel, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Poreux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) for the provision of their synchrotron radiation facilities under the proposal number EV132 for laminography acquisitions on beamline ID19., ANR-12-SEED-0001,CGSµLab,Micro-laboratoires géologiques sur puce pour l'étude des processus clés du transport réactif multiphasique appliqués au stockage géologique du CO2.(2012), and European Project: 725100,Big Mac
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X-rays laminography ,microfluidics ,porous medium ,reactive fluid flows ,[SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology ,[SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph] - Abstract
International audience; In this study, X-ray laminography is used to monitor the evolution of a model 3D packed bed porous medium on a chip (micromodels) undergoing reactive flows. The obtained 3D images are used to compute the fluid flow patterns and develop insights into dissolution mechanisms. This study is a first proof of concept study, with controlled micromodels, and could later be extended towards deeper understanding of the dissolution and precipitation processes occurring in porous media at the microscale, mechanisms which are relevant to many industrial areas including catalysis, geochemistry, energy, and waste storage in deep geological formations, etc.
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- 2023
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50. Salinity Spatial Patterns in Mediterranean Coastal Landscape: The Legacy of the Historical Water Management and Land Planning
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Marien, Laurène, Crabit, Armand, Dewandel, Benoît, Ladouche, Bernard, Fleury, Perrine, Follain, Stéphane, Cavero, Julien, Berteloot, Victor, Colin, François, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée - Jean Pouilloux (MOM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and The authors thank the SALIN collaborative project associating BRGM, the Institut Agro Montpellier, the468 Regional Nature Park (PNR Narbonnaise en Méditerranée) and the Communauté d'Agglomération du469 Grand Narbonne with the financial support of the Rhone-Mediterranean and Corsica Water Agency and470 the Occitanie Region.
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[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Salt works ,Freshwater availability ,geochemical signature ,ancient ponds ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,Soil fertility ,anthropogenic structures - Abstract
Mediterranean coastal areas have been occupied and developed intensively for a long time facing issues related to agricultural production, urbanization, tourism, preservation of natural resources often linked to salinity. This article explores the relationship between historical land planning and water management, and current soil and water salinity to gain insights into future projections.Soil samples (1185) were collected in a coastal plain of 114 km2 in the south of France and saturated paste extract Electrical Conductivity (ECsp) was deduced from 1:5 dilution. Soil salinity exhibits a wide range of variation (from 0.54 to 113.1 mS cm-1) and spatial patterns. ECsp is significantly different among soil types, higher at depth than at the surface (Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon tests) and influenced by the distance to ancient anthropogenic structures (Pettitt test). Surface water and shallow groundwater samples were collected for trace element concentrations and Oxygen (18O/16O) isotope ratio measurements. The geochemical signatures indicate a mixture between surface freshwater and seawater, with the presence of over-salted seawater and a stratification of salinity from the surface to the depth.Results suggest that groundwater is the source of soil salinity, and illustrate the long-term impact of water management and land planning. Less saline soils are found near the freshwater supply channel (constructed from 15th to 18th), while more saline soils are located near drainage channels. The presence of over-salted water reflects temporal evolution of the plain over the last few centuries (initially under seawater, gradually filled in, presence of ponds and salt works that have now disappeared). The current soil salinity patches continue to be a visible reminder of this evolution. The trend towards desalinization of the plain over the last few centuries has been made possible by massive freshwater inflows, which are now under threat due to the general decrease of water resources availability.
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- 2023
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