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3. Cryptic speciation in gentoo penguins is driven by geographic isolation and regional marine conditions : Unforeseen vulnerabilities to global change

Author

Pertierra, Luis R., Segovia, Nicolás I., Noll, Daly, Martinez, Pablo A., Pliscoff, Patricio, Barbosa, Andrés, Aragón, Pedro, Rey, Andrea Raya, Pistorius, Pierre, Trathan, Phil, Polanowski, Andrea, Bonadonna, Francesco, Le Bohec, Céline, Bi, Ke, Wang-Claypool, Cynthia Y., González-Acuña, Daniel, Dantas, Gisele P. M., Bowie, Rauri C. K., Poulin, Elie, and Vianna, Juliana A.

Published
2020

7. Chemical reactivity theory to analyze possible toxicity of microplastics: Polyethylene and polyester as examples.

Author

Martínez, Ana and Barbosa, Andrés

Subjects
*MICROPLASTICS, *POLYESTERS, *POLYETHYLENE terephthalate, *POLYETHYLENE, *DNA replication, *POLYESTER fibers, *PLASTIC marine debris, *BIODEGRADABLE plastics, *GUANINE
Abstract

Micro- and nanoplastics are widespread throughout the world. In particular, polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate or polyester (PET) are two of the most common polymers, used as plastic bags and textiles. To analyze the toxicity of these two polymers, oligomers with different numbers of units were used as models. The use of oligomers as polymeric templates has been used previously with success. We started with the monomer and continued with different oligomers until the chain length was greater than two nm. According to the results of quantum chemistry, PET is a better oxidant than PE, since it is a better electron acceptor. Additionally, PET has negatively charged oxygen atoms and can promote stronger interactions than PE with other molecules. We found that PET forms stable complexes and can dissociate the guanine-cytosine nucleobase pair. This could affect DNA replication. These preliminary theoretical results may help elucidate the potential harm of micro- and nanoplastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. The risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Southern Ocean: a practical guide for operators and scientists interacting with wildlife.

Author

DEWAR, MEAGAN, WILLE, MICHELLE, GAMBLE, AMANDINE, VANSTREELS, RALPH E. T., BOULINER, THIERRY, SMITH, ADRIAN, VARSANI, ARVIND, RATCLIFFE, NORMAN, BLACK, JENNIFER, LYNNES, AMANDA, BARBOSA, ANDRÉS, and HART, TOM

Subjects
AVIAN influenza, AVIAN influenza A virus, EMERGING infectious diseases, MEDICAL sciences, INFLUENZA A virus, H5N1 subtype
Abstract

This article, published in Antarctic Science, discusses the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the Southern Ocean and provides recommendations for prevention and control. HPAI outbreaks have resulted in the deaths of seabirds and marine mammals in various regions. The article emphasizes the importance of monitoring and early detection of HPAI, as well as taking precautions to prevent its spread. It provides guidelines for visitors to wildlife colonies, including maintaining distance from wildlife, practicing personal hygiene, and disinfecting equipment. The document also includes contact information for national competent authorities and organizations involved in Antarctic research. The recommendations aim to protect wildlife populations and prevent the spread of HPAI in the region. The article "Global dissemination of influenza A virus is driven by wild bird migration through arctic and subarctic zones" discusses the role of wild bird migration in the global spread of influenza A virus. It highlights the importance of arctic and subarctic zones as key areas for the transmission of the virus. The article also references other studies that examine the spread of avian influenza in different regions, including Azerbaijan, Antarctica, Chile, and Africa. It emphasizes the need for continued research and surveillance to better understand and manage the risk of avian influenza. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023
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18. D4.4 Pilot studies demonstrating synergetic use of resources

Author

Barbosa, Andrés, Willmott, Verónica, Vancauwenberghe, Maaike, Ørbæk, Jon Børre, Quesada, Antonio, and EU-PolarNet 2

Subjects
Pilot studies, Arctic, EU-PolarNet 2, Antarctic, Antarctic Peninsula region Task Force, Arctic Research Icebreaker Consortium (ARICE), Ny-Ålesund Research Station, Dronning Maud Land Air Network (DROMLAN)
Abstract

Bi- or multilateral sharing of resources in jointly operated logistics, infrastructure and programmes can help achieve more effective use of expensive equipment and capacities and thus reduce the costs in polar research. This report examines a selection of the existing and planned multilateral operations in the Arctic and the Antarctic using the experience gained from earlier joint cooperation networks. The selection of 4 pilot studies covers both Arctic and Antarctic research and logistics and are relatively large scale with several countries involved in the cooperation. The studies are the basis for demonstrating how bilateral or multilateral cooperation in joint research programmes and operations can provide added value to European Polar research and allow the more efficient use of resources. Each case describes the parties involved, historical background, the methodology and development, the added value and the benefits in scientific terms, logistics and the European dimension, as well as a proposal for translation to other polar spaces with a European perspective.

Published
2022
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25. Polar marine biology science in Portugal and Spain: Recent advances and future perspectives

Author

Xavier, José C., Barbosa, Andrés, Agustí, Susana, Alonso-Sáez, Laura, Alvito, Pedro, Ameneiro, Julia, Ávila, Conxita, Baeta, Alexandra, Canário, João, Carmona, Raquel, Catry, Paulo, Ceia, Filipe, Clark, Melody S., Cristobo, Francisco J., Cruz, Bruno, Duarte, Carlos M., Figuerola, Blanca, Gili, Josep-Maria, Gonçalves, Ana R., Gordillo, Francisco J.L., Granadeiro, José P., Guerreiro, Miguel, Isla, Enrique, Jiménez, Carlos, López-González, Pablo J., Lourenço, Sílvia, Marques, João C., Moreira, Elena, Mota, Ana M., Nogueira, Marta, Núñez-Pons, Laura, Orejas, Covadonga, Paiva, Vitor H., Palanques, Albert, Pearson, Gareth A., Pedrós-Alió, Carlos, Peña Cantero, Álvaro L., Power, Deborah M., Ramos, Jaime A., Rossi, Sergi, Seco, José, Sañé, Elisabet, Serrão, Ester A., Taboada, Sergi, Tavares, Sílvia, Teixidó, Núria, Vaqué, Dolors, Valente, Tiago, Vázquez, Elsa, Vieira, Rui P., and Viñegla, Benjamin

Published
2013
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33. How animals distribute themselves inspace: energy landscapes of Antarctic avian predators

Author

Masello, Juan F., Barbosa, Andrés, Kato, Akiko, Mattern, Thomas, Medeiros, Renata, Stockdale, Jennifer E., Kümmel, Marc N., Bustamante, Paco, Belliure, Josabel, Benzal, Jesús, Colominas-Ciuró, Roger, Menéndez-Blázquez, Javier, Griep, Sven, Goesmann, Alexander, Symondson, William O.C., Quillfeldt, Petra, German Research Foundation, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Department of Agriculture (US), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure, European Commission, and Institut Universitaire de France

Subjects
Energy landscapes, Gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua, Physiological condition, Sub-Antarctic, Population trends, Physiological stress, Breeding success, Antarctica, Chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarcticus, Energy costs
Abstract

[Background]: Energy landscapes provide an approach to the mechanistic basis of spatial ecology and decision-making in animals. This is based on the quantification of the variation in the energy costs of movements through agiven environment, as well as how these costs vary in time and for different animal populations. Organisms asdiverse as fish, mammals, and birds will move in areas of the energy landscape that result in minimised costs andmaximised energy gain. Recently, energy landscapes have been used to link energy gain and variable energy costsof foraging to breeding success, revealing their potential use for understanding demographic changes., [Methods]: Using GPS-temperature-depth and tri-axial accelerometer loggers, stable isotope and molecular analysesof the diet, and leucocyte counts, we studied the response of gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and chinstrap (Pygoscelisantarcticus) penguins to different energy landscapes and resources. We compared species and gentoo penguinpopulations with contrasting population trends., [Results]: Between populations, gentoo penguins from Livingston Island (Antarctica), a site with positive populationtrends, foraged in energy landscape sectors that implied lower foraging costs per energy gained compared withthose around New Island (Falkland/Malvinas Islands; sub-Antarctic), a breeding site with fluctuating energy costs offoraging, breeding success and populations. Between species, chinstrap penguins foraged in sectors of the energylandscape with lower foraging costs per bottom time, a proxy for energy gain. They also showed lowerphysiological stress, as revealed by leucocyte counts, and higher breeding success than gentoo penguins. In termsof diet, we found a flexible foraging ecology in gentoo penguins but a narrow foraging niche for chinstraps., [Conclusions]: The lower foraging costs incurred by the gentoo penguins from Livingston, may favour a higherbreeding success that would explain the species’positive population trend in the Antarctic Peninsula. The lowerforaging costs in chinstrap penguins may also explain their higher breeding success, compared to gentoos fromAntarctica but not their negative population trend. Altogether, our results suggest a link between energylandscapes and breeding success mediated by the physiological condition., JFM work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG,Germany) in the framework of the priority programme “Antarctic Research with comparative investigations in Arctic ice areas” SPP 1158 by thefollowing grant MA 2574/6–1. Martin Wikelski (Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Radolfzell, Germany) provided the earth & Ocean GPS-TD data loggers. AB was supported by the grant CTM2015–64720-R from the Spanish Agency of Research (Spain). Diet analyses from New Island were funded by a Research Grant (NBAF967) for lab work at the Biomolecular Analysis Facility -Sheffield (NBAF-S), Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), U.K. (to WOCS, RM and JFM). Funding for the operation and maintenance of the local Galaxy server is provided by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) project “Bielefeld-GießenCenter for Microbial Bioinformatics-BiGi” (grant 031A533) within the German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (de. NBI). Thanks to the CPER (Contrat de Projet Etat-Région) and the FEDER (Fonds Européen de Développement Régional) for funding the IRMS of LIENSs laboratory. The IUF (Institut Universitaire de France) is acknowledged for its support to PB as a Senior Member. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

Published
2021

40. White Paper 7: Global change impacts

Author

García González, María Begoña, Jordano, Pedro, Barbosa, Andrés, Barriopedro, David, Castillo Sánchez, Victor Manuel, Giralt, Santiago, Laiolo, Paola, Moreno Caballud, Ana, Casamayor, Emilio O., Valladares Ros, Fernando, and Vicente Serrano, Sergio M.

Abstract

The environmental sustainability of the Earth system is at risk, and so do human welfare because of our dependency on it. Here we present challenges dealing with the understanding of how drivers of global change work, and how to minimize their effects on natural and human managed systems, with the aid of new concepts and edge-cutting technology. Their achievement should allow us to detect, understand, forecast and mitigate global change impacts related to climate change, the biodiversity crisis, polar regions, and managed ecosystems, and to improve the health of our planet in the coming decades.

Published
2021

48. Behavioural responses of two penguin species to human presence at Barrientos Island, a popular tourist site in the Antarctic Peninsula region.

Author

Cajiao, Daniela, Leung, Yu-Fai, Tejedo, Pablo, Barbosa, Andrés, Reck, Gunter, and Benayas, Javier

Subjects
TOURIST attractions, PENGUINS, SPECIES, PENINSULAS, TOURISM impact
Abstract

Visitor Site Guidelines are the principal instruments guiding tourist activities and behaviour at intensively visited sites. These instruments attempt to minimize tourist impacts on Antarctic wildlife, including penguins. However, some recommendations still need to be reinforced by empirical research. Although penguins have enjoyed considerable research attention, a knowledge gap still exists regarding penguins' behavioural responses to realistic tourist activities, including talking sound, viewing distance and movement speed. To fill this gap, we conducted a series of experiments to simulate these activities on two penguin species breeding at an intensively visited site during the 2019–2020 season. We performed 106 replicates of passive and active human presence treatments. Responses varied between species, but active human presence consistently triggered significantly higher responses of strong vigilance behaviour. Our results reinforce Visitor Site Guidelines' recommendations of keeping quiet, moving slowly and increasing viewing distance if changes in behaviour are observed. We also recommend adopting a more conservative viewing distance in the early breeding season. Additional management-orientated empirical studies are needed, including on different species, sites and stages of the breeding season, as such results are valuable for strengthening tourism guidelines and assessing the efficacy of management measures under a post-COVID-19 scenario of increasing Antarctic tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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