The risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Southern Ocean: a practical guide for operators and scientists interacting with wildlife.

This article, published in Antarctic Science, discusses the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the Southern Ocean and provides recommendations for prevention and control. HPAI outbreaks have resulted in the deaths of seabirds and marine mammals in various regions. The article emphasizes the importance of monitoring and early detection of HPAI, as well as taking precautions to prevent its spread. It provides guidelines for visitors to wildlife colonies, including maintaining distance from wildlife, practicing personal hygiene, and disinfecting equipment. The document also includes contact information for national competent authorities and organizations involved in Antarctic research. The recommendations aim to protect wildlife populations and prevent the spread of HPAI in the region. The article "Global dissemination of influenza A virus is driven by wild bird migration through arctic and subarctic zones" discusses the role of wild bird migration in the global spread of influenza A virus. It highlights the importance of arctic and subarctic zones as key areas for the transmission of the virus. The article also references other studies that examine the spread of avian influenza in different regions, including Azerbaijan, Antarctica, Chile, and Africa. It emphasizes the need for continued research and surveillance to better understand and manage the risk of avian influenza. [Extracted from the article]