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The role of talent management is to ensure that employees’ special skills and talents are identified, and that the right jobs are assigned along their career paths. This study examines the relationship between talent management and employee retention within the Saudi Arabia government sector, specifically among civil service employees working for the Saudi government. A sample size of 440 participants was used in the study. The results revealed that talent management practices are positively related to employee retention. These findings highlight the importance for organizations, especially in the public sector, to implement effective talent retention strategies to retain their most skilled employees over the long term. This research contributes to closing the existing gap in understanding talent management and retention within the context of Saudi Arabia’s civil service sector.

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of chitosan as a coupling agent for improving the tensile bond strength of fiber posts. Methods: A total of 91 single-rooted mandibular teeth were root canal-filled. Post spaces were created and categorized into seven groups: Group A (Control), Group B (Silane), Group C (Chitosan), Group D (37% Phosphoric acid + Silane), Group E (37% Phosphoric acid + Chitosan), Group F (10% Hydrogen Peroxide + Silane), and Group G (10% Hydrogen Peroxide + Chitosan). Posts were cemented and tensile bond strength was measured, while the morphological structure of the fiber posts was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. One-way (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were performed at a level of significance of 5%. The percentages of fracture patterns among the groups were compared. Results: 10% Hydrogen peroxide + Chitosan exhibited the significantly highest tensile bond strength (p < 0.001). Adhesive failures were more frequent in Groups A, B, C, and D, whereas cohesive failures within the resin cement were predominant in Groups E, F, and G. Conclusions: The protocol of using 10% hydrogen peroxide followed by a chitosan coupling agent significantly improved tensile bond strengths for glass fiber posts, which highlights the potential of using chitosan as a natural biopolymer and an alternative to synthetic coupling agents to develop more effective bonding strategies for dental restorations.

Background: Processing data from the IoT cloud has multiple limitations with respect to low latency, the efficiency of bandwidth and security gaps, not least if the number of IoT devices exceeds 20 Billion in an ongoing momentum. To overcome these drawbacks, Edge Computing offers a decentralized way where the data processing would be done closer to its source. Objective: The article explores specific features of Edge Computing like latency, energy consumption, Network Throughput and error rates in comparison with the central cloud processing traditionally used in IoT systems. Methodology: Comparison of Edge Computing with centralized cloud models using a controlled experiment on 100 IoT devices. Performance metrics evaluated were latency, energy, throughput, and error rates which are analyzed over Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) on workload traces. Results: Compared with centralized cloud processing, edge computing reduced the latency by up to 83%. The throughput and coverage of deployed message requests were not only improved rapidly, but also cut down energy consumption by 40% and decreased time rates above threshold. 71%. This indicates that Edge Computing provides high-quality, reliable data processing in an IoT environment. Conclusion: While Edge Computing provides plenty of good sides on performance and efficiency at the same time, it is having a harder challenge with its security risks vulnerability and upfront costs. This article is significant in laying down foundation for further studies, and it also brings out the advantages of advanced Edge Computing based IoT processing solutions.

Background: The digitization of healthcare data has made significant progress in medical research and personalized medicine. Nonetheless, conventional centralized data-sharing structures present primary obstacles to information privacy and security due to laws like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Federated Learning (FL) has been proposed as a potential solution that can enable collaborative learning with decentralized datasets without the requirement of data centralization. Objective: This study examines how well Federated Learning performs in meeting both the requirements of secure data exchange between healthcare organizations and achieving high model accuracy without violating any privacy compliance regulations. Methods: A Federated Learning framework was implemented with a neural network model using federated learning on an electronic health records (EHR) database collected from multiple hospitals. Its accuracy was compared to a traditional centralized model across various states, while the people also consider its convergence speed and data leakage risks. We incorporated differential privacy mechanisms in order to improve the security of data sets as well as prevent malicious attacks. Results: The FL model achieved accuracy comparable to the centralized model, with only a marginal reduction. Furthermore, the integration of differential privacy significantly reduced the risk of data breaches, providing robust protection against adversarial attacks. Conclusion: The FL model reported a performance difference which was only slightly reduced as compared with the centralized model. Moreover, this privacy compliance overcomes the risk of data breaches by integrating with differential privacy & securing against adversarial attacks.

Abstract This study investigated the chemical properties of peat microparticles modified asphalt (Pt.M.A.). The originality of the study resides in the examination of the chemical characteristics of peat microparticles (Pt.) modified asphalt (Pt. M.A.) utilising FTIR, SEM, SFE, and XRD methodologies. This encompasses Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface free energy (SFE), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Initially, FTIR examined the functional groups of both unaltered and altered asphalt binders. The SEM images reveal improved compatibility, showcasing superior diffusion of the modifier across the asphalt. A further critical factor is that improved adhesion properties, according to the SFE study, indicate that modified binders generally offer more SFE compared to unmodified binders. The XRD measurements revealed a semi-crystalline structure in the Pt. modifier and an amorphous structure in the basal asphalt binder. The integration of Pt. into the asphalt cement resulted in modifications to the phases of both constituents, culminating in the emergence of a new semi-crystalline phase inside the modified asphalt binder. These data suggest that peat microparticles (Pt.) can improve the efficacy of asphalt binders by enhancing compatibility, adhesion, and resistance to ageing.

A 50-year-old patient with a prior history of chronic smoking presented to the emergency department with diffuse abdominal pain, primarily localized to the right hypochondrium and epigastric region, along with nausea, but without fever, vomiting, or urinary symptoms. Laboratory tests were largely unremarkable except for isolated hematuria and a mildly elevated CRP. Given the atypical clinical presentation, a 3-phase abdominal CT scan (without contrast, portal, and delayed phases) was conducted, revealing a horseshoe kidney with an obstructing 4 mm stone at the right ureteral meatus. This obstruction led to dilation of the right ureter and renal calyces. In the delayed phase, a rupture of the right calyx was observed with contrast extravasation into the perirenal space. The patient was managed with conservative intervention, including the placement of a JJ stent, analgesics, and antibiotics. The obstructing stone was expelled during stent placement, and the patient showed a favorable clinical course thereafter. Spontaneous rupture of the renal calyx in a horseshoe kidney due to ureteral obstruction by a small calculus is a rare but significant event. Prompt diagnosis with CT imaging and conservative management, including stent placement, can lead to positive outcomes in complex anatomical presentations such as horseshoe kidneys.

Abstract The frequent usage of computer networks and the Internet has made computer networks vulnerable to numerous attacks, highlighting the critical need to enhance the precision of security mechanisms. One of the most essential measures to safeguard networking resources and infrastructures is an intrusion detection system (IDS). IDSs are widely used to detect, identify, and track malicious threats. Although various machine learning algorithms have been used successfully in IDSs, they are still suffering from low prediction performances. One reason behind the low accuracy of IDSs is that existing network traffic datasets have high computational complexities that are mainly caused by redundant, incomplete, and irrelevant features. Furthermore, standalone classifiers exhibit restricted classification performance and typically fail to produce satisfactory outcomes when dealing with imbalanced, multi-category traffic data. To address these issues, we propose an efficient intrusion detection model, which is based on hybrid feature selection and stack ensemble learning. Our hybrid feature selection method, called MI-Boruta, combines mutual information (MI) as a filter method and the Boruta algorithm as a wrapper method to determine optimal features from our datasets. Then, we apply stacked ensemble learning by using random forest (RF), Catboost, and XGBoost algorithms as base learners with multilayer perceptron (MLP) as meta-learner. We test our intrusion detection model on two widely recognized benchmark datasets, namely UNSW-NB15 and CICIDS2017. We show that our proposed IDS outperforms existing IDSs in almost all performance criteria, including accuracy, recall, precision, F1-Score, false positive rate, true positive rate, and error rate.

This study delves into cross-cultural translation, specifically utterances including politeness addressing markers in Arabic-English translation through a sociopragmatic lens. By employing a qualitative research design, the study thoroughly examines Naguib Mahfouz’s ‘Midaq Alley’ using Spradley’s ethnographic analysis method, which encompasses domain analysis, taxonomy analysis, componential analysis, and cultural theme analysis. The findings of this investigation bring to light the utmost significance of socio-cultural norms, context, and power dynamics in selecting appropriate politeness expressions, emphasizing the need for a deep understanding of both languages and cultures to maintain accuracy and cultural resonance in translations. Ultimately, this study equips translators with essential tools to effectively bridge cross-cultural politeness differences, contributing to the advancement of translation theory by shedding light on the intricate nature of cross-cultural communication within a concise framework.

Currently, various heart conditions, such as hyperlipidaemia, are causing fear among people worldwide. In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced using Emblica Officinallis leaf extract (EOLE). The synthesis of EOLEAgNPs was examined using UV-visible spectrophotometry at 430 nm, while the shape was determined through SEM analysis. The EDX detected a clear peak of silver (Ag) at 3.4 keV, whereas XRD exhibited a peak distribution at 2 θ° values. The TEM demonstrated a protective layer (100 nm) surrounding EOLEAgNPs. The FTIR (400-4000 cm−1) suggests the phyto-compounds that caused the reduction of AgNO3 to Ag0 ions. The EOLEAgNPs showed a lower value (IC50 = 0.12) and greater antioxidant effects compared to EOLE (IC50 = 4.9). In fact, we discovered that the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme activity of EOLEAgNPs (75.38 ± 0.06) was greater than that of EOLE (37.36 ± 0.03). E. officinallis have a high level of polyphenolics as detected by GCMS-MS. Our research results in the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme by EOLEAgNPs, which can effectively treat hyperlipidaemia and promote the development of lipid-lowering biomedicines.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the EFQM excellence model in terms of the directional and executional excellence practices (the DEPs and EEPs) on organizational performance (OP). It also aims to analyze the mediation role of knowledge management processes (KMPs) between excellence practices and OP. A survey as an empirical data-collection instrument was deployed and distributed to mid and high-level management participants across four mobile network operators (MNOs) in Yemen. A dataset of 219 valid questionnaires were used for analysis. This paper employs the structural equation modelling (SEM) disjoint two-stage approach to validate the research model using SmartPLS software. The results showed a complementary mediation by KMPs in the relationship between the DEPs and OP, and interestingly, a full KMPs mediation between the EEPs and OP. The findings indicate that KMPs promote the impact of the DEPs on OP while they reduce the influence of the direct impact of the EEPs on OP. Furthermore, to the best of the authors knowledge, the study represents a distinctive investigation in the relationship between the DEPs, EEPs, and OP by inclusion of KMPs as a mediator in MNOs, which contributes to the underdeveloped literature pertaining to these constructs.

The development of high performance and eco-friendly composite railway sleepers at a reasonable price is a great challenge for composite railway sleeper manufacturers. The study proposed a railway sleeper concept based on high-performance fibre composites and low-cost waste-based materials to overcome this challenge. In this concept, thin hollow composite tubes are filled with high volume waste-based panels, which are bonded together with cement grout. This study examined the effect of cement grout, grout thickness, panel types, and surface preparation of the panels on the bond behaviour between the panels and cement grout. It also investigated the bending behaviour of manufactured railway sleepers by evaluating the effects of filling hollow tubes, the orientation of the infill panels, and the types of infill materials. Results indicate that the proposed concept has a high potential for development of high performance and eco-friendly composite railway sleepers at a competitive price due to the incorporation of high volume of waste materials. The results of the study will serve as a guide to the manufacture and design of composite railway sleepers.

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a serious postoperative complication after cardiac surgery. The objective of this research is to examine the efficacy of administering gentamicin in minimizing the incidence of SSI while closely monitoring the therapeutic level of the drug. Prospective research included 50 Iraqi patients divided into two groups, 25 in each: Group 1 received a combination of flucloxacillin and ceftriaxone, while Group 2 received a combination of flucloxacillin and gentamicin 2 mg/kg of ideal body weight given before surgery, then 80 mg*3 for 48 hours after surgery. A total of five patients had an infection at the surgical site, with four patients in Group 1 and one patient in Group 2. Additionally, two patients in each group exhibited increased renal indices. Among the patients in Group 2, the highest concentration of gentamicin in the blood was ≤ 2.5 µg/ml for eight patients, while for 17 patients, the gentamicin concentration in the blood ranged from 3 to 4.4 µg/ml.

Electric vehicles (EVs) cut greenhouse gas emissions and our use of non-renewable resources, making them more attractive. EVs have lower fuel and maintenance expenses than internal combustion engine automobiles. This study proposes a multi-converter/Multi‒Machine system with two induction motors (IM) that drive a pure EV’s rear wheels. EV two-stage controllers using a simple Adaline neural network (NN) regulate Field-Oriented regulate of a three-phase IM. To control IM speed, the first controller level is a hybrid proportional–integral (PI) with a robust integral sign of error (RISE) controller. Injection torque is controlled by PI‒adaline NN in the second controller step. The simple Adaline NN improves two-stage controller performance. The Multi-Verse Optimization algorithm found the ideal RISE parameter to improve EV drive system performance. A plug-in EV’s linear speed is controlled by the Electronic Differential Controller (EDC). It uses the driver’s reference speed and steering angle to set each driving wheel’s reference speed. EDC adjusts wheel speeds to enhance traction and stability during cornering, accelerating, and decelerating. Utilizing this information, the EDC can effectively distribute power and torque to the wheels, thereby enhancing vehicle handling and overall performance. Three distinct road scenarios and the designated driving route topology have been used to act and demonstrate the resistive forces that affected the EV while it was traveling down the road. By using Matlab (Simulink), EV’s roadworthiness and efficiency will be evaluated.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of threshing speed and feeding weights on the maize threshing machine efficiency, threshing speed of the threshing machine included 270, 470 and 570 rpm, the feeding weights of the threshing included 4, 7 and 10 kg, in the specific productivity, specific energy consumed, threshing efficiency and broken cobs. The results showed that increasing the speed of threshing unit from 270 to 470 then to 670 rpm had a significant effect on specific productivity, specific energy consumed, threshing efficiency and broken cobs. Increasing the threshing feeding weights from 4 to 7 then 10 kg led to increasing the specific productivity along with a decreasing in the specific energy consumed, threshing efficiency and broken cobs .The highest specific productivity was 7.98 kg/kw.h. The least specific energy consumed 0.127 kwh/kg at the threshing speed of 470 rpm and the feeding weights 10 kg. While the threshing efficiency was 100% with broken cobs of 0%, at 470 rpm threshing speed for all of the feeding weights.

Exploring nonlinear equations and systems with predetermined coefficient values constrains the depth of understanding of the dynamics inherent in various applications and phenomena represented by such equations. On the contrary, exploration of nonlinear models with free coefficients offers avenues for improved development and ongoing refinement. In light of this, this study aimed to reassess the Wu–Zhang (WZ) system and Sawada–Kotera (SK) model by introducing arbitrary coefficients. Our goal is to identify the constraints necessary to ensure the existence of soliton solutions. Through the application of two distinct approaches, namely, the sine–cosine function method and tanh–coth expansion method, we systematically examine the conditions that facilitate the emergence of solitons within the WZ system and SK model. The insights gained from this analysis are supported by the presentation of 2D and 3D plots, providing a visual depiction of the propagation characteristics exhibited by the obtained solutions. The findings of the current work on conditions for the existence of soliton solutions for both generalized Wu–Zhang and generalized Sawada–Kotera models are novel and presented here for the first time.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a dermatological condition that arises due to the presence of protozoan parasites. The disease disproportionately impacts those residing in economically disadvantaged regions and is closely linked to factors such as inadequate nutrition, population displacement, substandard living conditions, and compromised immune systems. Objectives: Investigating the most important immunological changes associated with infection in patients with CL by measuring the levels of some cellular kinetics interleukins-12 (IL-12), IL-10, IL-4, and human matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). Materials and Methods: This study involved a sample that included 90 individuals, comprising 20 control subjects and 70 patients diagnosed with CL. The age distribution of the participants in the study spanned from 3 months to 65 years, encompassing individuals of both genders. The sample consisted of 50 females and 40 males. The amounts of IL-12, IL-10, IL-4, and MMP-13 were quantified via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Results: The current study showed a significant increase in the level of IL-12 in patients with CL (461.5 ± 14.8) compared to the control group (321.6 ± 57.9) at probability 0.05, whereas non-significant differences in levels of IL-10 and MMP-13 in patients with CL (143.5 ± 6.8) (5.7 ± 0.2) compared with the control group (198.0 ± 35.2) (6.9 ± 0.6) at P ≤ 0.05, respectively. As well as a highly significant decrease in the level of IL-4 in patients with CL (15.5 ± 1.5) compared to the control group (46.3 ± 5.7) at P ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: There was an increasing serum of IL-12 and decreased IL-4 in patients with CL compared with control, while non-significant decreases in the level of MMP-13 and IL-10 between patients with CL and control.

The concept of security is becoming a global challenge, and governments, stakeholders, corporate societies, and individuals must urgently create a reasonable protection mechanism for good. Therefore, a real-time surveillance system is essential for detection, tracking, and monitoring. Many studies have attempted to provide better solutions but more research and better approaches are essential. This study presents a real-time framework for object detection and tracking for security surveillance systems. The system has been designed based on approximate median filtering, component labeling, background subtraction, and deep learning approaches. The new algorithms for object detection, tracking, and recognition have been implemented using Python and integrated with C# programming languages for ease of use. A software application framework is designed, implemented, and evaluated. The experimental results based on MOT-Challenge performance metrics show that the proposed algorithms have much better performance in terms of accuracy and precision on the MOT15, MOT16, and MOT17 datasets compared to state-of-the-art approaches. This framework also provides an accurate and effective means of monitoring and recognizing moving objects. The software development, including the design of the framework user interfaces, is coded in the C# programming language and integrated with Python using Microsoft Visual Studio (2019 edition). The integration is performed to provide a convenient user interface and to enable the execution of the framework as a standard and standalone software application. Future studies will consider the dynamic scalability of the framework to accommodate different surveillance application areas in overcrowded scenarios. Multiple data sources are integrated to enhance the performance for different scene times, locations, and weather conditions. Furthermore, other object-detection techniques such as You Only Look Once (YOLO) and its variants shall be considered in future studies. These techniques allow the framework to adapt to complex situations in which security surveillance is challenging.

Abstract—Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are important in the field of mathematics due to their spread in various applications. Ordinary differential equations are of two types, one of which is equations with variable coefficients and the other is equations with constant coefficients. Many integral transforms have appeared that solve equations with variable coefficients, including Al-Zughair transform, which solves equations with variable coefficients, whose general formula is: In this paper our aim is to solve ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients by using Al-Zughair transform. Although Al-Zughair transform was only used to solve equations with variable coefficients, we were able to use it to solve ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients because of its important in solving more complex equations.

Abstract Background Distractor efficiency (DE) of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) responses is a component of the psychometric analysis used by the examiners to evaluate the distractors’ credibility and functionality. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the DE on the difficulty and discrimination indices. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2023. It utilizes the final exam of the Principles of Diseases Course with 45 s-year students. The exam consisted of 60 type A MCQs. Item analysis (IA) was generated to evaluate KR20, difficulty index (DIF), discrimination index (DIS), and distractor efficiency (DE). DIF was calculated as the percentage of examinees who scored the item correctly. DIS is an item’s ability to discriminate between higher and lower 27% of examinees. For DE, any distractor selected by less than 5% is considered nonfunctional, and items were classified according to the non-functional distractors. The correlation and significance of variance between DIF, DI, and DE were evaluated. Results The total number of examinees was 45. The KR-20 of the exam was 0.91. The mean (M), and standard deviation (SD) of the DIF of the exam was 37.5(19.1), and the majority (69.5%) were of acceptable difficulty. The M (SD) of the DIS was 0.46 (0.22), which is excellent. Most items were excellent in discrimination (69.5%), only two were not discriminating (13.6%), and the rest were of acceptable power (16.9%). Items with excellent and good efficiency represent 37.3% each, while only 3.4% were of poor efficiency. The correlation between DE and DIF (p = 0.000, r= -0.548) indicates that items with efficient distractors (low number of NFD) are associated with those having a low difficulty index (difficult items) and vice versa. The correlation between DE and DIS is significantly negative (P = 0.0476, r=-0.259). In such a correlation, items with efficient distractors are associated with low-discriminating items. Conclusions There is a significant moderate negative correlation between DE and DIF (P = 0.00, r = -0.548) and a significant weak negative correlation between DE and DIS (P = 0.0476, r = -0.259). DIF has a non-significant negative correlation with DIS (P = 0.7124, r = -0.0492). DE impacts both DIF and DIS. Items with efficient distractors (low number of NFD) are associated with those having a low difficulty index (difficult items) and discriminating items. Improving the quality of DE will decrease the number of NFDs and result in items with acceptable levels of difficulty index and discrimination power.

BACKGROUND: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is ubiquitous and successfully reactivated in patients with immune dysfunction as in patient with multiple myeloma (MM), causing a wide range of life-threatening diseases. Early detection of HCMV and significant advances in MM management has amended patient outcomes and prolonged survival rates. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of active HCMV in MM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a case–control study involved 50 MM patients attending Hematology Center, Baghdad Teaching Hospital; 25 of them were newly diagnosed and 25 on treatment compared to 50 of apparently healthy control. HCMV-viral load was measured using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Active HCMV was detected in 8 patients out of 50 (16%); 6/25 (24%) in newly diagnosed and 2/25 (8%) on treatment and had autologous bone marrow transplant with mean ± standard deviation of 910 × 1010 ± 210 × 1010, and 32,000 × 1010 ± 1500 × 1010 IU/mL, respectively. HCMV viremia is equally detected in both remission and relapsed cases. CONCLUSION: RT-PCR detected a significant number of MM patients infected by cytomegalovirus compared to healthy individuals. Further studies are needed to verify if this finding has a relation to etiology or disease progression.

During this research, the buckling behavior of elliptical CDFST columns is investigated numerically in Abaqus Software using transverse reinforcements in the outer tube of the column. For this purpose, an elliptical CFDST column is simulated in Abaqus Software and subjected to compressive loading. The transverse reinforcements are validated and placed in the outer tube of the elliptical CFDST column, and parameters such as thickness, reinforcement dimensions, and distance between them vary within the range of 4, 6, 8 mm; 2, 4, 6 cm, and 2, 4 and 6 cm, respectively and a total of 27 models will be analyzed during the research. The results obtained from this study are in good agreement with the results of previous studies and showed that the finite element method can provide accurate behavior of these columns. The results of this study showed a 15 to 40% increase in load-bearing capacity with the highest compressive strength in elliptical CFDST columns using transverse reinforcements. Also, the effect of increasing the thickness and dimensions on load bearing enhances by 20% and 15%, respectively while the effect of increasing the distance between transverse reinforcements reduces the bearing capacity by 10%. The maximum axial strength was observed in CFDST columns with transverse reinforcements.

The deployment of intrusion detection systems (IDSs) is essential for protecting network resources and infrastructure against malicious threats. Despite the wide use of various machine learning methods in IDSs, such systems often struggle to achieve optimal performance. The key challenges include the curse of dimensionality, which significantly impacts IDS efficacy, and the limited effectiveness of singular learning classifiers in handling complex, imbalanced, and multi-categorical traffic datasets. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents an innovative approach that integrates dimensionality reduction and stacking ensemble techniques. We employ the LogitBoost algorithm with XGBRegressor for feature selection, complemented by a Residual Network (ResNet) deep learning model for feature extraction. Furthermore, we introduce multi-stacking ensemble (MSE), a novel ensemble method, to enhance attack prediction capabilities. The evaluation on benchmark datasets such as CICIDS2017 and UNSW-NB15 demonstrates that our IDS surpasses current models across various performance metrics.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness among diabetic patients, particularly in areas with an increase in diabetes epidemics, such as Saudi Arabia. Notwithstanding the significant public health implications, data on the prevalence and risk factors of DR in Saudi Arabia are few and scattered, limited to certain geographic areas. Our study objective is to conduct a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis of the prevalence and predictors for DR in Saudi Arabia, within both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were constructed according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar electronic databases for studies published from 2000–2023. Any study related to the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in T1DM or T2DM among adult patients aged ≥18 years that was conducted in Saudi Arabia was included. Pooling prevalence estimates were calculated using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity across the studies was tested by the I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q test. Results: A total of 11 studies published between 2006 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria, with sample sizes ranging from 99 to over 50,000 participants. The overall pooled prevalence of DR was estimated to be 31% (95% CI: 24–39%), with substantial heterogeneity observed across studies (I2 = 99%). Prevalence estimates ranged from 16.7% to 69.8% and were influenced by variables such as study design, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control. Among individuals with type 2 diabetes, the pooled prevalence was 24% (95% CI: 20–28%). Poor glycemic control and longer diabetes duration were consistently identified as significant predictors of DR, while other factors, such as obesity and hypertension, were also associated with an increased risk of DR. Conclusions: The high prevalence of DR in Saudi Arabia highlights the critical need for focused public health initiatives, especially among those with type 2 diabetes. To minimize the effects of DR, early intervention, routine DR screening programs, and optimal diabetes control are essential. The increasing prevalence of DR in Saudi Arabia requires careful consideration of healthcare policy and resource allocation, which is made possible by our results.

Background: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is known to cause frequent and severe infections in community living centers, potentially resulting in significant mortality for elderly patients. More research is needed to understand how to utilize genomic and epidemiological data to understand characteristics that may lead to increased transmission. We hypothesized that combining genomic and epidemiological information to sample patients and their environments during long-term stays, we will be able to capture a diverse set of MRSA strains. Method: This work included genome sequencing of patient and environmental samples from 11 patients within the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System from May 4, 2021- November 16, 2022. All 11 patients tested positive for MRSA during their stay (mean days = 31). Patient and environmental samples were taken throughout their stays, screened for MRSA, and whole-genome sequenced. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified by mapping reads and calling variants against strain-specific reference genomes. We used ape v5.6-2 in R v4.2.2 to analyze and infer evolution, acquisition, and transmission events based on pairwise SNV distances. Genomic clusters were determined using stats v3.6.2, with a SNV distance threshold of 20. Result: Samples that were collected from patient bodily sites were able to reveal 20 distinct genomic clusters of MRSA (patient hands: n = 10, nares: n = 7, groin: n = 3). Environmental samples from patient environments also revealed distinct genomic MRSA clusters (tv remote: n = 9, toilet seat and bed rail: n = 6, table top, bed control, and call button: n = 5, bed curtain: n = 4, pulse ox = 2, cell phone, tray, pulse ox, mat, body hoist wrap, and bed: n = 1). Conclusion: The identification of various genomic clusters from patients and their environmental reservoirs suggests intrahost variation that can only be captured by using a more holistic approach of integrating epidemiology and genomic sequencing. Developing studies that incorporate genomic data, various environmental sources, and multiple isolates over time within community living centers can increase our understanding of strains that are more likely to transmit, survive on living and non-living surfaces and therefore lead to improved recommendation for infection prevention interventions and drivers of endemicity.

يواجه العراق تحديات كبيرة في مجال الأمن الغذائي، مع ازدياد عدد السكان وتغير المناخ. يعتمد على الواردات الغذائية مما يجعله عرضة للتقلبات في أسعار المواد الغذائية. وإن تحليل أثر الموارد المتجددة على الناتج المحلي الزراعي للعراق من عام 1988 إلى عام 2022، يكشف عن مشهد ديناميكي شكلته الاضطرابات الاجتماعية والسياسية، والتبعيات الاقتصادية، والتغيرات البيئية. وسيتم تسليط الضوء على تعقيدات إدارة الموارد المائية، إلى جانب آثار تغير المناخ. حيث تشكل التأثيرات الملحوظة لتغير المناخ، مثل ارتفاع درجات الحرارة وتغير أنماط هطول الأمطار، جانبًا مهمًا من الدراسة. وتؤكد النتائج مدى ضف الموارد المتجددة في العراق أمام الضغوطات المرتبطة بالمناخ والحاجة إلى استراتيجيات التكيف. ويقدم البحث سردًا شاملاً عن مؤشرات الموارد المتجددة في العراق، ويكشف عن التعقيدات الكامنة في نسيجه البيئي والاجتماعي والاقتصادي. ويقدم النتائج رؤى لصانعي السياسات للتعامل مع التوازن الدقيق بين تطلعات التنمية الزراعية وضرورة الحفاظ على الأصول الطبيعية في العراق.

ترجع أهمية البحث في أن الديون العامة تمثل عبئاً على الموازنة العامة للدولة وعلى النشاط الاقتصادي، كما تمثل تجاوزاً على حق الأجيال القامة، لذا يجب عدم اللجوء إلى القروض خاصة الخارجية والعمل على الاستخدام الأمثل للموارد المالية المتاحة. ويهدف البحث إلى دراسة الديون الخارجية للدول النامية، وآثار تلك الديون، وإلقاء الضوء على الخطوات التي تمت للتخفيف من آثار تلك الديون على الدول المدينة، ثم تحليل الديون الخارجية للعراق. أما الحدود الزمنية للبحث فتتمثل في الفترة من سنة 2014 إلى سنة 2022، والحدود المكانية تتمثل في جمهورية العراق، وقد استخدم البحث المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج الاستنباطي، كما استعان بالبيانات الموثقة، وتم تقسيم البحث على ثلاثة مباحث فضلا عن المبحث الأول الذي تناول المنهجية، أما المبحث الثاني: فقد تناول ماهية وأسباب القروض الخارجية، والمبحث الثالث: تناول دور الهيئات الدولية والدول الدائنة في مواجهة تفاقم الديون الخارجية للدول النامية، أما المبحث الرابع: فتناول دور الديون الخارجية في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية بالعراق. وقد توصل البحث إلى أن: ارتفاع حجم الديون الخارجية وارتفاع أعباء خدمتها يؤدي إلى آثار سلبية على معدلات النمو وعلى التجارة الدولية، وإن القروض الخارجية للعراق لم تحقق التنمية الاقتصادية المنشودة. ومن أهم التوصيات التي توصل البحث لها، إن الاستفادة من المساعدات الإنمائية الاقتصادية تؤدي إلى تحقيق الأهداف الاستراتيجية والوصول إلى نمو اقتصادي مستدام.

Counters that keep track of the number of people who enter a building are a useful management tool for keeping everyone who uses it safe and happy. This paper aims to employ the MobileNet-SSD machine learning approach to implement a best practice for visitor counter. The researchers have to build a different scenario test dataset along with the MOT20 dataset to achieve the proposed methodology. Implementing different experiments in single-user, one-one; two-two users; many-two, and multiple users in different walking directions to detect and count shows varied results based on the experiment type. The best achieved by single-user and one-to-one model; both are scored 100% of detecting and calculating for in or out.

INTRODUCTION: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder with bone mineral density (BMD) as a common clinical manifestation of SCD. With a prevalence of 2.6%, Saudi Arabia is among the highest incidence of SCD worldwide. The purpose of this research was to examine how SCD evolves and how it affects bone density in Saudi patients from an Eastern Province tertiary hospital. METHODS: This was an observational prospective study conducted in the tertiary care hospital among 119 SCD patients. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A – severe SCD patients requiring hospital care ≥3/year; and Group B included patients with a smooth course of SCD who did not require frequent hospitalization (

This research aims to support the choice of an appropriate dynamic louver shading system (DL-SS) within double-skin facade insulated glazed units (DSF-IGUs) as a high-performance integrated window system (DSF-IGUs/DL-SS) that meets both thermal and energy performance via daylight availability under a tropical climate. The research framework has developed a multi-objective optimization method to achieve research objectives via optimizing two different scenarios of the proposed system. The first scenario was optimized for daylighting availability, meanwhile, the second scenario was optimized for energy and thermal performance. For each scenario, the best solutions are selected from respective Pareto fronts according to energy efficiency criteria, thermal comfort via enhancing daylighting availability. Based on the best options resulting from both optimizations, the final step involved comparing the results of all performance indicators in the best cases to select the best solution. Overall, based on the optimizing objectives, the ranking of the best cases varied based on giving priority to the improvement objective in the optimization process. For each scenario, the best solutions are selected from the respective Pareto fronts. Overall, ranking of the best cases varied based on giving priority to the improvement objectives. Optimizing DL-SS within DSF-IGUs while giving priority to improving energy and thermal comfort while maintaining daylighting at acceptable levels is more reasonable. Thus, the DSF-IGUs/DL-SS best-case resulting from the second optimization scenario was overcome all best cases and ranked first in energy and thermal comfort. Compared to the base case, the differences of total Predicted mean vote and percentage of dissatisfied for better thermal comfort achieved were -0.35% and -1.48% with an average decreased by 22.99% and 28.72%, respectively. The differences of total energy and cooling load for better energy performance reduced by -96.84 kwh/m2. and -86.88 kwh with an average decreased by 25.33% and 26.20%, respectively. Meanwhile, the total satisfied of spatial Daylight Autonomy for better daylighting distribution and better daylighting availability of useful daylighting illuminance improvement were improved by -5.54% and +24.76% with an average percentage variation increased by 6.25% and 36.87%, respectively.

ABSTRACTIn Ethiopia, sesame is number one oilseed crop in terms of export value, but with low value addition practice. This research aimed to determine effect of varieties and pre-oil extraction treatments on yield and quality of the oil. Results showed that yield varied from 47.1 to 57.5% with iodine value (IV) from 106 to 113 g/100 g, free fatty acid (FFA) 0.47 to 1.36%, and peroxide value (PV) of 0.66 to 7.04 meq O2/kg. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid were the major fatty acids in the oil and characterized by high unsaturated (80–85%) and less saturated (15–20%) fatty acids. All pre-oil extraction treatments increased the oil content, with minor effects on color, FFA, and PV as compared to the oil from the raw seed. However, roasting enabled to extract better oil yield with low PV and less constitutes of FFA.

In accordance with what is necessary for the common good, the State has the right and the ability to impose responsibilities and organise obligations on persons within its borders. A tax is one of the most significant compulsory duties placed on individuals by the state. To impose mandatory levies on persons or corporations by governments was the definition of taxation. Almost every nation collects some form of taxation, usually from its citizens, to fund governmental operations and services. The tax is collected for the benefit of the State Treasury by forcibly deducting a portion of individual income. To meet these commitments, governments impose taxes on their citizens as a means of raising revenue to fund essential services and advance the nation's economic, social, and political agendas.

This paper aims to provide insights into the local value chain (LVC), and present marketing strategies to increase yields and incomes. Though many studies are available on the development and efficiency of the coffee sector, this research is among the few studies, focusing on the effect of value-based strategies within the marketing scope on improving coffee quality and farmer’s income for one of the finest coffees in the Middle East. In fact, Jazan region is known for its khawlani coffee with hundreds of years old trees and a unique art of preparing and serving coffee which is deeply embedded within the Saudi national identity and traditions. This coffee represents a typical cultural consumption in the Arabian Peninsula. For data collection, In-depth interviews were conducted with randomly selected coffee farmers, distributed over the six mountainous regions of Jazan (Al Dayer, Faifa, Al Edabi, Harub, Al Aridha, and AL Reith), followed by a content analysis approach to visualize LVC components, patterns, and issues. Results reveal a common pattern among coffee farmers regarding coffee commercialization, cultivation techniques, and management behaviors. The imminent issues faced by the khawlani sector and the lack of awareness about the government initiatives were also highlighted. However, one of the main limitations of this study is that it is exploratory in nature and focuses on a single case. Nevertheless, the proposed marketing strategies were developed to offer guidelines for stakeholders, encouraging strategic investments along the value chain.

Eczema is an inflammatory skin disease and may be the result of environmental factors, genetic factors, and immune factors. Itching, persistent scratching, skin redness, and dryness are the primary signs of the illness. Many Cytokines are essential to the pathophysiology of disease, including the role of interleukin-4 and interleukin-25 as major players in the immune pathogenesis of eczema. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating some seromic criteria that clarify the effect of some immune and inflammatory factors on the pathological condition in eczema patients and comparing them with the healthy group. This can help determine whether there is a relationship between the level of interleukin-4 and the high level of interleukin-25 and the clinical symptoms of the disease. The current study was conducted in Marjan Medical City in Babylon Governorate. Samples of (50) patients with eczema were collected after being diagnosed by dermatologists, and samples of (50) ostensibly healthy people were collected as a control group. The enzyme-associated immuno-absorption method (Elisa) was used to measure the level of interleukin-4 and interleukin-25 in the serum of all patients and the control group Serum levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-25 are significantly higher in eczema patients at the probability level (P

The aims of this research is to delve into the endowment system, a significant moral foundation that Muslims have undertaken to bear the weight of numerous scientific, educational, social, health, and relief services, the responsibility of which is formidable in the relevant departments and sectors today. The research is divided into two parts. The first part discusses the endowment and its significance in Islam, detailing its provisions, conditions, legitimacy, types, and impact on Muslims, both socially and scientifically. This section is dedicated to emphasizing and encouraging individuals with financial means to dedicate a portion of their wealth to various projects that serve people of all categories. Moving on to the second section, we explore the endowments in Anbar Governorate, examining their types and how they are managed by the Sunni Endowment Department in Anbar. We elaborate on the tasks of this department and substantiate its activities by shedding light on its personnel, units, and the work it undertakes. This includes the attention given to archaeological and religious sites and the education of people about the significance of this awareness in both the present and the hereafter. The research yields numerous results and recommendations that underscore the importance of endowments for Muslims, promoting social solidarity among them. It emphasizes the significance of endowments in Anbar and their maintenance by the Sunni Endowment Department. Additionally, it advocates for the creation of an annual archive and guide for the department, elucidating its work and activities.

The significance of different types of periodic solutions in nonlinear equations is vital across various practical applications. Our objective in this study was to uncover novel forms of periodic solutions for the modified regularized long wave equation. This particular model holds great importance in the realm of physics as it characterizes the propagation of weak nonlinearity and space-time dispersion waves, encompassing phenomena like nonlinear transverse waves in shallow water, ion-acoustic waves in plasma, and phonon waves in nonlinear crystals. By employing the methodology of modified rational sine-cosine and sinh–cosh functions, we successfully derived new kink-periodic and convex–concave-periodic solutions. To showcase the superiority of our proposed approach, we conducted a comparative analysis with the alternative Kudryashov-expansion technique. Furthermore, we visually depicted the diverse recovery solutions through 2D and 3D plots to enhance the understanding of our findings.

Background: Clinically, chronic bronchitis is defined as a persistent cough lasting at least three months over the course of two years in a patient where all other causes have been excluded. It is almost invariably described as a feature of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) secondary to smoking. Patients and methods: Ninety-five Iraqi patients newly diagnosed with chronic bronchitis were selected to participate in this study. Sixty patients (40 male and 20 female) were enrolled in the current study their ages were ranged from (40-65 years). The patients were divided into two groups, in the first group (responders’ group) the patients were responded to oral prednisolone therapy, and in the other group the patients were not responded to oral prednisolone therapy (non-responders’ group). The assessment of responsiveness to prednisolone will be according to ATS (American Thoracic Society) which define the responders as those with a response of >12% baseline and >200 ml of FEV1. This study is a prospective observational clinical trial was carried out in thoracic consultant clinic at Al- Sader teaching Hospital in Maysan city from March 2022 until March 2023. The prednisolone tablets given in a dose of 30mg /day for 14 days. Aim of the study: The current study was aimed to identify the association of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and neutrophils-lymphocytes ratio with the response of chronic bronchitis patients to oral prednisolone therapy. Results and Conclusions: CRP, IL-6, and NLR consider as good predictive markers (P value

The dynamics of dual-spin spacecraft which containing a proposed nutation damper which consisting of a ring totally filled with a viscous liquid with offset center, to improve damping, is investigated. The equations of motion were developed using Newton-Lagrange approach resulting equations in terms of spacecraft's and damper's parameters, which are given in dimensionless form. The expression of the nutation angle and time constant in both modes are developed using zero-order approximation technique. The equilibria states and stability condition, and the analytical expression for residual nutation angle were derived. The analytical results were compared with those found numerically using computer simulation program named MATLAB, ver. 7. Also the effect of various spacecraft's and damper's parameters on the dynamic and damping characteristics are discussed. The three dimensional graphical representation. of the first and the second relative equilibria states are introduced. The numerical results are compared with the analytical for both modes of motion, where the percentage error of the time constant for nutation mode is less than (3.6%), and for spin mode is less than (8%). As an important result its concluded that the proposed damper works better than that used by Alfriend

BackgroundSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare debilitating condition with a significant burden for patients and society. However, little is known about how it affects Saudi Arabia's population. The socioeconomic and medical characteristics of affected SMA patients and their caregivers are lacking.PurposeThis study aimed to describe the socioeconomic and medical characteristics of SMA patients and caregivers in Saudi Arabia.Patients and methodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted using snowball sampling. Assessment tools including EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L) and visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Costs for Patients Questionnaire (CoPaQ) were used to assess the quality of life (QoL), anxiety, depression, and out-of-pocket expenditures.ResultsSixty-four caregivers of SMA patients participated. Type I patients had higher sibling concordance, ICU hospitalization, and mechanical support needs. Type III patients had better QoL. Type I patients' caregivers had higher depression scores. Type III patients' caregivers had higher out-of-pocket expenditures. Forty-eight percent received supportive care, while others received SMA approved therapies.ConclusionSMA imposes a significant socioeconomic burden on patients and caregivers, requiring more attention from the healthcare system. Access to innovative therapies varied across SMA types. Pre-marital screening and early detection are crucial to reduce disease incidence and ensure timely treatment.

The pulse trigger generator exerts a significant impact on the Marx generator’s output pulse (OP). In this paper, a pulse transformer (PT)-type trigger device is intended to give a pulse of front steepness below 30 ns, a half-width of more than 300 ns, and a magnitude of 50 kV to a 4 MV Marx generator. A steepening circuit is modeled on the output side of the PT equivalent circuit to reduce the OP front steepness, establishing the model of a closed-core PT-type trigger generator. The influence of distributed capacitance and leakage inductance (parasitic parameters) of the PT winding on the OP magnitude, triggering delay time, and front steepness are analyzed, and the design scheme of the PT is decided accordingly. Then, the pulse trigger generator model is simulated, and the trigger pulses are obtained in accordance with the design index. The OP waveforms are tested using a newly developed pulse trigger device prototype.

Abstract Background One of the worst types of severe chest injuries seen by clinicians is flail chest. This study aims to measure the overall mortality rate among flail chest patients and then to correlate mortality with several demographic, pathologic, and management factors. Methodology A retrospective observational study tracked a total of 376 flail chest patients admitted to the emergency intensive care unit (EICU) and surgical intensive care unit (SICU) at Zagazig University over 120 months. The main outcome measurement was overall mortality. The secondary outcomes were the association of age and sex, concomitant head injury, lung and cardiac contusions, the onset of mechanical ventilation (MV) and chest tubes insertion, the length of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay in days, injury severity score (ISS), associated surgeries, pneumonia, sepsis, the implication of standard fluid therapy and steroid therapy, and the systemic and regional analgesia, with the overall mortality rates. Results The mortality rate was 19.9% overall. The shorter onset of MV and chest tube insertion, and the longer ICU, and hospital length of stay were noted in the mortality group compared with the survived group (P-value less than 0.05). Concomitant head injuries, associated surgeries, pneumonia, pneumothorax, sepsis, lung and myocardial contusion, standard fluid therapy, and steroid therapy were significantly correlated with mortality (P-value less than 0.05). MV had no statistically significant effect on mortality. Regional analgesia (58.8%) had a significantly higher survival rate than intravenous fentanyl infusion (41.2%). In multivariate analysis, sepsis, concomitant head injury, and high ISS were independent predictors for mortality [OR (95% CI) = 568.98 (19.49–16613.52), 6.86 (2.86–16.49), and 1.19 (1.09–1.30), respectively]. Conclusion The current report recorded mortality of 19.9% between flail chest injury patients. Sepsis, concomitant head injury, and higher ISS are the independent risk factors for mortality when associated with flail chest injury. Considering restricted fluid management strategy and regional analgesia may help better outcome for flail chest injury patients.

We establish certain delicate Lp{L}^{p} bounds for a class of generalized Marcinkiewicz integral operators along submanifolds with rough kernels. These bounds allow us to use Yano’s extrapolation method to prove the Lp{L}^{p} boundedness of the aforementioned integral operators under very weak assumptions on the kernels. Our results in this article improve and generalize many previously known results.

This research examined the poetry written by Nizar Qabbani in Arabic, which has been translated into Bahasa Indonesia. The investigation was related to how the expression of resistance from the source language into the target language can be used as one of the main media against a regime. This study used a qualitative approach. The data in this study are language units in the form of phrases, clauses, and sentences, in the source language (Arabic) and the target language (Bahasa Indonesia). Data analysis used the Spradley model, namely domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and cultural analysis to find the relationship and meaning between the expression of resistance in poetry and aspects of micro and macro translation. The findings attempted to map what translation techniques appear in the expression of resistance in political poetry and how the tendencies of these techniques are at a macro level, whether the translation technique is more oriented towards the source language or the target language. The contribution of the research theoretically tries to show that literary works are an effective and elegant medium in conveying criticism of the government. The study of translation techniques should consider a particular literary genre, as literary genres influence the use and selection of translation techniques.

The water resources in the central and southern regions of Iraq are subject to excessive depletion, as a result of the high water needs of development projects and the steady demographic growth in contrast to the decrease in various types of precipitation, and the succession of droughts as a result of global climate changes. Which led to the emergence of dangerous indicators that clearly indicate water shortage and pollution in Iraq, including the study area, in addition to the decreasing amount of water resources coming from the upstream countries, and the large number of pollutants thrown into the rivers without treatment. On the other hand, the need to establish water projects has increased to tighten control over the distribution of water to the various development sectors, which required huge financial resources to implement that the state could not provide. The contribution of the private sector in water investment is intangible due to the weakness of specialized cadres and their lack of experience in the water field. In addition to the wasteful use of water in homes, farms and factories, which led to a decrease in the discharge rates of the Euphrates River and the depletion of groundwater, and the biggest problem is the relationship of water security with food security. Sustainable management of water resources. .

In this study, the Caputo-type fractional time-derivative is simulated by inserting a proportional time-delay into the field function of the perturbed-KdV equation. Two effective methods have been adapted to obtain analytical solutions for this model. Then, independently, the effect of the fractional derivative and the proportional delay on the topological shape of the pKdV propagation was extrapolated. The significant conclusions of the current article reveal that the fractional derivative plays the same role as the presence of a proportional delay in the time coordinate if it is assigned as a substitute for it. With this, from a practical mathematical point of view, we have provided one of the geometric explanations of the fractional derivative. Finally, via the obtained approximate solution, we studied the impact of the perturbed coefficient on propagating the waves of the proposed KdV model.

Acne Vulgaris is a common type of skin disease that affects more than 85% of teenagers and frequently continues even in adulthood. While it is not a dangerous skin disease, it can significantly impact the quality of life. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI), which captures a wide spectrum of light, has emerged as a tool for the detection and diagnosis of various skin conditions. However, due to the high cost of specialised HS cameras, it is limited in its use in clinical settings. In this research, a novel acne detection system that will utilise reconstructed hyperspectral (HS) images from RGB images is proposed. A dataset of reconstructed HS images is created using the best-performing HS reconstruction model from our previous research. A new acne detection algorithm that is based on reconstructed HS images and RetinaNet algorithm is introduced. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm surpasses other techniques based on RGB images. Additionally, reconstructed HS images offer a promising and cost-effective alternative to using expensive HSI equipment for detecting conditions like acne or other medical issues.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) modulators are commonly prescribed medications with potentially life-threatening outcomes, particularly serotonin syndrome (SS). Early prediction of SS is critical not only to avoid lethal drug combinations but also to initiate appropriate treatment. The present work aimed to recognize the significant predictors of SS through a retrospective cross-sectional study that was conducted among patients exposed to an overdose of 5-HT modulators and admitted to a poison control center where 112 patients were enrolled. Of them, 21 patients were diagnosed with SS, and 66.7% of patients with SS were exposed to long-term co-ingestion. There was a noticeable surge in SS between April and May, and 52.4% of patients who suffered from SS were admitted after suicidal exposure (p < 0.05). Patients with SS showed severe presentation indicated by high-grade poison severity scores (PSS) and low Glasgow coma scales (GCS). PSS was a significant predictor of SS with an area under the curve of 0.879. PCO2, pulse, GCS, HCO3, and erythrocytic count were other significant predictors of SS. Combinations of serotonergic agents increase the likelihood of developing SS. Clinicians should be vigilant when prescribing a combination of serotonergic therapy, particularly for patients on illicit sympathomimetic and over-the-counter medications like dextromethorphan.

Twenty isolates of Candida albicans were collected, during the study period from December / 2020 to February / 2021. For a group of 20 married women suffering from vaginal infections in Baqubah city. All the isolates were multidrug resistance against 5 antifungals from different groups according to the susceptibility test. The result of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for antifungal (fluconazole) values were between (256-64) µg/ml and MIC values for ribosomal inactivating proteins, between 325–5200 µg/ml . Conventional PCR technique was used to detect the CDR2 gene that is a molecular marker of a functional resistance for azoles antifungals group, the results inducted the presence of CDR2 gene 100%, it presented in the 20 isolates. By using Real-time PCR technique the CDR2 gene gave a low expression after treatment (32)µg/ml with sub MIC concentration of fluconazole with average folding 0.1once and after treatment 325 µg/ml with sub MIC ribosomal inactivating proteins concentration again of compared with control with average folding 0.6 in different degrees in two isolates were multi-resistant to antifungals.

The article studies the calamities the migrants face in western societies. It uses Frantz Fanon’s ideas of psychoanalysis to critically read and examine Jhumpa Lahiri’s novel The Namesake. The novel narrates the events that occurred to an Indian family abroad for thirty-two years from 1968 to 2000. The cultural clashes a newly arrived couple from Calcutta, India encounter in Cambridge, America to the calamities their children later face are meticulously depicted in the story. Most of the novel’s events revolve around Gogol Ganguli, who suffers from a duality of personality and develops double consciousness because of his Indian name. The study finds that although they distance themselves from their traditions and embrace the western culture, the migrants can not fully assimilate to the white culture and eventually develop identity crises.

Background: Medical education and training differ substantially throughout the world. Several teaching approaches have been used in medical education, which is a dynamic area of educational research. Objective: To assess the process of medical education, its development, and related obstacles to having proper and enhanced medical education, as well as improvement in various aspects related to medical education. Conclusion: Medical educational programs play a critical role in preparing individuals for careers in medicine. These programs offer an organized curriculum that comprises preclinical & clinical education, electives and specialized training, professional development, and research.

This study examines the sociopragmatics of animal and supernatural creatures’ names in Yemeni Arabic (YA) and their translation into English. The study aims to identify the most effective English translations of these metaphors by sending a questionnaire to 43 native English speakers (NESs), focusing on Target Language metaphors and similes (TL) and using Abdul-Raof’s (2006) framework to classify similes. The findings indicate that YA dialects use animal and supernatural creatures’ names to convey meanings, feelings, and intents, while NESs preferred to use detailed similes that incorporate both feature and element. Unlike YA, which accepts all three types of metaphor and simile to address humans using animal and supernatural creatures’ names, most NESs rejected the metaphor, which lacks simile. These findings suggest that animal and supernatural creature names are translated differently in the two languages and cultures, highlighting potential differences in cultural aspects. Generally, this study contributes to our understanding of the sociopragmatics of language use in different cultures and their impact on cross-cultural communication. The findings suggest the need for further research into the translation of animal and supernatural creatures’ names in different languages and cultures.