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4. Deforestation amplifies climate change effects on warming and cloud level rise in African montane forests

Author

Temesgen Alemayehu Abera, Janne Heiskanen, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Mohammed Ahmed Muhammed, Netra Bhandari, Ville Vakkari, Binyam Tesfaw Hailu, Petri K. E. Pellikka, Andreas Hemp, Pieter G. van Zyl, and Dirk Zeuss

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Tropical montane forest ecosystems are pivotal for sustaining biodiversity and essential terrestrial ecosystem services, including the provision of high-quality fresh water. Nonetheless, the impact of montane deforestation and climate change on the capacity of forests to deliver ecosystem services is yet to be fully understood. In this study, we offer observational evidence demonstrating the response of air temperature and cloud base height to deforestation in African montane forests over the last two decades. Our findings reveal that approximately 18% (7.4 ± 0.5 million hectares) of Africa’s montane forests were lost between 2003 and 2022. This deforestation has led to a notable increase in maximum air temperature (1.37 ± 0.58 °C) and cloud base height (236 ± 87 metres), surpassing shifts attributed solely to climate change. Our results call for urgent attention to montane deforestation, as it poses serious threats to biodiversity, water supply, and ecosystem services in the tropics.

Published
2024
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5. تنفيذ طريقة تدريس الأقران في تعزيز فعالية تعلم اللغة العربية لطلاب مدرسة الابتدائية تشو-أيرونج في ناراثيوات، تايلاند

Author

Mualim Wijaya, Asviatul Maufiroh, and Amal Ahmed Muhammed Al Anesi

Subjects
peer teaching method, active learning, arabic language, طريقة التدريس بالأقران, تعلم النشط, اللغة العربية, Language and Literature
Abstract

The research aims to measure the enhancement of students' interest in learning the Arabic language at Chuo-Airon Elementary School in Narathiwat, Thailand. The teaching method the teacher uses is dull and lacks variety, leading to students' boredom and difficulty understanding Arabic. The research methodology employed is analytical descriptive using a field research approach. Data sources include teachers and students, with data collection tools comprising observation, interviews, and documents. Data were analyzed through data summarization, presentation, and conclusion extraction. The research findings indicate that peer teaching effectively promotes students' interest in learning Arabic and shapes learning and teaching activities. These results are expected to positively contribute to the development of Arabic language learning methods at Chuo-Airon Elementary School.

Published
2024
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7. Fabrication and Characterization of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Composites Reinforced with Sisal Fibre and Wood Sawdust

Author

Eyasu Ferede, Ahmed Muhammed, Ahmedlhadi Kassa, Sadya Kedir, Tamrat Tesfaye, and Worku Zerefa

Subjects
recycled polyethylene terephthalate composites, sisal fibre, wood sawdust, pet, properties, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc., TP890-933, Large industry. Factory system. Big business, HD2350.8-2356
Abstract

Extensive use of polymers in daily life has led to increased related waste, giving rise to environmental problems. In the modern day, environmental and ecological concerns have made plastic recycling a significant issue. The majority of the world's solid trash is made up of plastic garbage, which is composed of different polymer chains. A particularly appealing method of getting rid of unwanted plastic is mechanical recycling, though there are other ways to recycle plastic as well. The recycled plastics can also be reinforced with either natural or synthetic textile fibres to manufacture composite materials. This research aims to evaluate the physical and mechanical characteristics of sisal fibre and wood sawdust-reinforced recycled polyethylene terephthalate [RPET] composites. The amount of sisal fibre content in the composites varied from 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% to 30% by weight. Whereas the wood sawdust was used at 5% for each sample of composite. The composites were manufactured by the melt-mixing method. The effects of fibre loading on various composite characteristics were investigated using tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, compressive strength, density, and water absorption. The results show that a maximum tensile strength of 84.96 MPa, a tensile modulus of 1.77 GPa, a flexural strength of 230.8 MPa, a flexural modulus of 11.24 GPa, an impact strength of 18.96 KJ/m2, and a compressive strength of 194.8 MPa were obtained. The water absorption of the composite increased with the increase in fibre weight proportion, and the density of composites decreased with increasing sisal fibre weight. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that a better combination of results has been found for sisal fibre (25%), wood dust (5%), and RPET (70%). Therefore, sawdust and sisal fibre can be used as filler and reinforcement in the RPET matrix, which will reduce cost and provide environmental benefits.

Published
2024
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10. Impact of Prediabetes on Acute Coronary Syndrome in Sohag University Hospital

Author

Amal Khalifa Ahmed Noreldin, Dina Abdel Nasser Elameer, and Hany Ahmed Muhammed Khalil

Subjects
prediabetes diabetes acute coronary syndrome outcome, Medicine
Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Diabetics with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have a two- to four-fold higher chance of having unfavorable cardiovascular events than non-diabetics. It is becoming more and more obvious that poor glucose metabolism and the pre-diabetic condition are linked to unfavorable clinical results. Objectives: The current study aimed to assess the effects of prediabetes on acute coronary syndrome outcomes at Sohag University Hospital. Patients and methods; This was a prospective observational study carried out at Sohag University Hospital. Patients were divided into non-diabetic, prediabetic, and diabetic patients. All trial participants had thorough history-taking, clinical examinations, laboratory tests, and daily follow up (chest pain, ECG, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, any sign of heart failure, or any complication occur). Results: This study involved 100 patients with ACS, 20 (20%) patients were non-diabetics, 27 (27%) were prediabetics, and 53 (53%) were diabetics. During follow-up, there was a higher nonsignificant rate of death in prediabetic patients (7.41%) than in diabetics (5.66%) and nondiabetic (5%) (p > 0.05). Also, the prediabetic group showed a higher nonsignificant abnormal change in ECG (81.48%) than the diabetic (81.13%) and nondiabetic (80.00%) (p > 0.05). Conclusion; In ACS, patients with normoglycemia had a better prognosis than those with prediabetes, but prediabetes and DM patients had comparable results.

Published
2024
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11. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: An Updated Comprehensive Review

Author

Hesam Hashemian, Tunde Peto, Renato Ambrósio Jr, Imre Lengyel, Rahele Kafieh, Ahmed Muhammed Noori, and Masoud Khorrami-Nejad

Subjects
artificial intelligence, ophthalmology, prognosis, screening, treatment, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) holds immense promise for transforming ophthalmic care through automated screening, precision diagnostics, and optimized treatment planning. This paper reviews recent advances and challenges in applying AI techniques such as machine learning and deep learning to major eye diseases. In diabetic retinopathy, AI algorithms analyze retinal images to accurately identify lesions, which helps clinicians in ophthalmology practice. Systems like IDx-DR (IDx Technologies Inc, USA) are FDA-approved for autonomous detection of referable diabetic retinopathy. For glaucoma, deep learning models assess optic nerve head morphology in fundus photographs to detect damage. In age-related macular degeneration, AI can quantify drusen and diagnose disease severity from both color fundus and optical coherence tomography images. AI has also been used in screening for retinopathy of prematurity, keratoconus, and dry eye disease. Beyond screening, AI can aid treatment decisions by forecasting disease progression and anti-VEGF response. However, potential limitations such as the quality and diversity of training data, lack of rigorous clinical validation, and challenges in regulatory approval and clinician trust must be addressed for the widespread adoption of AI. Two other significant hurdles include the integration of AI into existing clinical workflows and ensuring transparency in AI decision-making processes. With continued research to address these limitations, AI promises to enable earlier diagnosis, optimized resource allocation, personalized treatment, and improved patient outcomes. Besides, synergistic human-AI systems could set a new standard for evidence-based, precise ophthalmic care.

Published
2024
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13. Exploring the financial experiences and behaviours of British Muslims

Author

Ahmed, Muhammed

Subjects
H Social Sciences (General)
Abstract

This exploratory study aims to examine financial behaviour and experiences of British Muslims. Consumer Financial behaviour is defined as any human behaviour related to money management. Consumers' financial decisions are increasingly complex and essential for their financial well-being. The research context focuses on a minority religious consumer group that seeks to meet their financial needs whilst abiding stringent religious laws of financial dealings which are at odds with the predominant modern capitalist financial system. Thus this study explores the moderating role of religiosity and cultural orientation of key financial behaviours such as savings, borrowings and investment behaviours and their antecedents. This thesis adopts pragmatism as the research philosophy as the exploration of the complex financial experiences of British Muslims requires understanding multiple realities. By taking an integrative approach to research strategies, this thesis utilised an exploratory sequential mixed methods research design. This included data collection conducted over two phases. Firstly, the qualitative method of in-depth interviews (n=14) and secondly, the quantitative method of online questionnaire (n=314). This tested the comprehensive framework to measure the financial experiences and behaviour of participants. Using multiple regress analysis this study established links with financial attitudes, financial knowledge, financial well-being, financial goals with religiosity and cultural orientation.

Published
2021

14. Literature And Its Effectiveness in Improving English Language and Its Cultural Understandings

Author

Areen Ahmed Muhammed

Subjects
communicative approach, culture, critical thinking, ethno, literature, Education (General), L7-991
Abstract

When it comes to the field of literature the first thing which comes to mind is reading different literary works from the different genres; however, literature means the development of communication between individuals of different cultures and societies; this is against the past knowledge that linguistics was regarded as a tool to teach languages. Through the study of language, imagination can hardly be developed, and vocabulary development would be something so difficult to accomplish; in contrast, literary works will help learners of any language to adapt to the real world through language competence and knowledge since language and literature have an intimate role. The paper aims at improving the English language and understanding the cultural background of the language through literature. Another objective will be the improvement of personal imagination and emotion and provide the opportunity to use the language through the words that will be learned in different literary works effectively. Furthermore, further ideas will be given to utilize critical thinking.

Published
2023
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15. Modifying the Properties of Open-Graded Friction Course by Adding Cellulose Fiber

Author

Ahmed Muhammed, Zaynab Qasim, and Rasha Al-Rubaee

Subjects
modified asphalt, open-graded asphalt mixture, marshall stability, permeability, cellulose fiber, Science, Technology
Abstract

In recent years, Open Graded Friction Course OGFC is becoming more common in some countries. It is applied to improve surface frictional resistance, minimize hydroplaning, reduce water spray, improve night visibility, and lower pavement noise levels. These functions are carried out primarily by removing water from the pavement surface during a period of rain. Also, it has many disadvantages which as poor resistance to permanent deformation, low fatigue strength, high stripping, and moisture susceptibility. The paper aims to investigate the probability of using Cellulose Fiber (CF) as a modifier to improve the properties of OGFC asphalt mixture. In this research, one type of asphalt grade (40-50) and one gradation (19 mm Maximum Aggregate Size MAS) were used. Three percentages of CF (2%, 4%, and 6%) were added to asphalt cement to obtain the modified mixtures. Optimum asphalt content was selected by evaluating the following criteria: air voids content, asphalt drain down, abrasion resistance, and permeability. Several laboratory tests such as Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), moisture susceptibility, Marshall stability, and flow were evaluated for modified samples, and their results were compared to the original open-graded asphalt mixture. The outcomes indicated that cellulose fiber greatly enhanced the mechanical properties of OGFC mixtures, increasing moisture damage resistance by 19.4%. Furthermore, Marshall stability improved by 38.92 % as the abrasion loss is decreased by 15.85% with adding of CF for aged samples.

Published
2022
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16. Long-Term Volumetric Change Estimation of Red Ash Quarry Sites in the Afro-Alpine Ecosystem of Bale Mountains National Park in Ethiopia

Author

Mohammed Ahmed Muhammed, Abubeker Mohammed Hassen, Temesgen Alemayehu Abera, Luise Wraase, Behailu Legese Ejigu, Binyam Tesfaw Hailu, Georg Miehe, and Dirk Zeuss

Subjects
Afro-Alpine ecosystem, Bale Mountains, digital elevation models, Ethiopia, historical aerial photographs, landscape change, Science
Abstract

The Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP) in Ethiopia comprises the largest fraction of the Afro-Alpine ecosystem in Africa, which provides vital mountain ecosystem services at local, regional, and global levels. However, the BMNP has been severely threatened by natural and anthropogenic disturbances in recent decades. In particular, landscape alteration due to human activities such as red ash quarrying has become a common practice in the BMNP, which poses a major environmental challenge by severely degrading the Afro-Alpine ecosystem. This study aims to quantify the long-term volumetric changes of two red ash quarry sites in the BMNP using historical aerial photographs and in situ data, and to assess their impact on the Afro-Alpine ecosystem. The Structure-from-Motion multi-view stereo photogrammetry algorithm was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional landscape for the year 1967 and 1984 while spatial interpolation techniques were applied to generate the current digital elevation models for 2023. To quantify the volumetric changes and landscape alteration of the quarry sites, differences in digital elevation models were computed. The result showed that the volume of resources extracted from the BMNP quarry sites increased significantly over the study period from 1984 to 2023 compared with the period from 1967 to 1984. In general, between 1967 and 2023, the total net surface volume of the quarry sites decreased by 503,721 ± 27,970 m3 and 368,523 ± 30,003 m3, respectively. The extent of the excavated area increased by 53,147 m2 and 45,297 m2 for Site 1 and 2, respectively. In terms of habitat loss, major gravel road construction inside the BMNP resulted in the reduction of Afro-Alpine vegetation by 476,860 m2, ericaceous vegetation by 403,806 m2 and Afromontane forest by 493,222 m2 with associated decline in species diversity and density. The excavation and gravel road construction have contributed to the degradation of the Afro-Alpine ecosystem, especially the endemic Lobelia rhynchopetalum on the quarry sites and roads. If excavation continues at the same rate as in the last half century, it can threaten the whole mountain ecosystem of the National Park and beyond, highlighting the importance of preventing these anthropogenic changes and conserving the remaining Afro-Alpine ecosystem.

Published
2024
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17. Unsteady Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid with Magnetohydrodynamics- Radiation-Natural Convection Effects in a U-Shaped Wavy Porous Cavity.

Author

Armaghani, Taher, Kolsi, Lioua, Khashi'ie, Najiyah Safwa, Rashad, Ahmed Muhammed, Mansour, Muhammed Ahmed, Salah, Taha, and Eladeb, Aboulbaba

Subjects
HEAT radiation & absorption, POROUS materials, MAGNETIC flux density, NUSSELT number, HEAT transfer
Abstract

In this paper, the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)-radiation-natural convection of a hybrid nanofluid within a U-shaped wavy porous cavity is investigated. This problem has relevant applications in optimizing thermal management systems in electronic devices, solar energy collectors, and other industrial applications where efficient heat transfer is very important. The study is based on the application of a numerical approach using the Finite Difference Method (FDM) for the resolution of the governing equations, which incorporates the Rosseland approximation for thermal radiation and the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model for porous media. It was found that the increase of Hartmann number (Ha) causes a reduction of the average Nusselt number (Nu), with a maximum decrease of 25% observed as Ha increases from 0 to 50. In addition, the influence of the wall's wave amplitude and the heat source length on the heat transfer rate was quantified, and it was revealed that at high wave amplitude, the average Nu increases by up to 15%. These findings suggest that manipulating magnetic field strength and cavity geometry can significantly enhance thermal performance. The novelty of this is related to the exploration of a U-shaped wavy cavity, which is not covered in previous studies, and to the detailed examination of the combined effects of magnetic fields, radiation, and hybrid nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Enhancing Face Recognition for Security Systems: An Approach Using Gabor Wavelet, t-SNE, and SVM

Author

Al-Dabagh Mustafa Zuhaer Nayef, Hussein Hussein Ibrahim, Raheem Salar Ameen, Ahmed Muhammed Imran, and Othman Nashwan Adnan

Subjects
Information technology, T58.5-58.64
Abstract

Facial recognition is crucial for safety and security, especially for identifying people. This paper applies facial recognition to a database of facial images by analyzing the images and subsequently assigning a set of unique features to each one. The process of extracting features from the input image is accomplished using the gabor wavelet transform. t-SNE (tdistributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding) select and reduce the dimension of features, thus specifying various aspects within the input image. These features are then used in a classification step, where a multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed to categorize the face. Three popular databases (Yale, ORL and JAFFE) were the sources of the images used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The results show the system’s high accuracy in identifying facial images. Specifically, our method achieved a 97.78% accuracy rate on the Yale, 97.50 % in the ORL databases and 100 % in the JAFFE databases, outperforming traditional methods by 2%. These results approved the system’s accuracy in recognizing facial images.

Published
2024
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20. The dynamic analysis and control of cracked rotating beams

Author

Yashar, Ahmed Muhammed Ibrahim and Ferguson, Neil

Subjects
620.2
Abstract

This thesis covers the dynamic modelling of un-cracked and cracked rotating beams. Accordingly, a new model of a rotating cracked beam is developed using the finite element and the Rayleigh-Ritz method to characterise and analyse its dynamic behaviour. The effect of various parameters are investigated, such as rotational speed, hub ratio and slenderness ratio. In addition, the critical speed, buckling speed and veering phenomena are identified. The numerical results produced are shown to be in good agreement with models based on finite element representations. In addition to the theoretical investigations, experimental validation is presented. A test rig was designed and manufactured with a changeable rotating hub mount for different test requirements. Moreover, the rig was conceived to incorporate capabilities such as applying variable rotational speed using a variable frequency driver and provide vertical base excitation input to the centre of rotation of the hub. The tests were performed using random excitation at the root of the rotating cantilever beam to excite the flapwise modes of the beam. The responses were then measured optically using a high-speed camera, and the images were post-processed using a digital image correlation (DIC) method. This non-invasive optical method was used to extract the temporal deflection of the beam. The frequency response functions are then obtained from the measured responses. The estimated modal frequencies were compared with numerical simulations to validate the Rayleigh-Ritz and FE numerical models at various rotational speeds. Furthermore, an experimental crack detection was implemented and the results showed a good match to the introduced actual crack location and depth. The crack detection approach on the rotating cracked beam uses the fundamental and second natural frequencies. For vibration control of the rotating beam, a real-time velocity feedback control was applied using a remote single optical high-speed camera. An electromagnetic actuator was designed and mounted on the rotating hub to apply a feedback force on the rotating beam. The results for vibration control of the rotating beam show significant active damping and reduction in the amplitude of the first resonance over a wide range of rotational speeds.

Published
2018

21. Commenting on Judicial Provisions via social media ( A Comparative Analysis)

Author

Furat Rustom Amin and Ahmed Muhammed

Subjects
comments؛ ؛judiciary؛ ؛judgment؛ ؛social communication؛ ؛؛, ؛ ؛problems, Law
Abstract

Judicial provisions are one of the most essential stages in a civil case. We usually notice a paragraph concerning comments on judicial decisions in periodicals and legal magazines in case of repeal against judgments. The aim of this paragraph is to show the advantages and disadvantages of judicial provisions of all decrees issued by all courts. The development in electronic and social communication through various electronic means, in the present times has enabled(facilitated) special platforms (opportunities) pages for social communication and legal forums where people comment on judicial provision. However, since these people may not mainly be specialized in the legal field, there is a possibility of their comments on judicial provisions causing problems. This might require clarifications in addition to proposing legal solutions, and suggestive remedies regarding them.

Published
2021
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22. Understanding the performance of a pan-African intervention to reduce postoperative mortality: a mixed-methods process evaluation of the ASOS-2 trial

Author

Biccard, Bruce M., du Toit, Leon, Lesosky, Maia, Stephens, Tim, Myer, Landon, Prempeh, Agya BA., Vickery, Nicola, Kluyts, Hyla-Louise, Torborg, Alexandra, Omigbodun, Akinyinka, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elfagieh, Mohamed, Mbwele, Bernard, Ulisubisya, Mpoki, Mboma, Lazaro, Ashebir, Daniel Z., Bahta, Mahlet Tesfaye, Hassen, Mohammed, Teferi, Mikiyas, Seman, Yakob, Zoumenou, Eugene, Hewitt-Smith, Adam, Tumukunde, Janat, Munlemvo, Dolly, Morais, Atilio, Basenero, Apollo, Ndarukwa, Pisirai, Ouerdraogo, Nazinigouba, Chaibou, Maman Sani, Zarouf, Mohyeddine, El Adib, Ahmed Rhassane, Gobin, Veekash, Sanogo, Zimogo, Coulibaly, Youssouf, Ngumi, Zipporah, Fadalla, Tarig, Iradukunda, Cynthia, Barendegere, Vénérand, Smalle, Isaac O., Bittaye, Mustapha, Samateh, Ahmadou Lamin, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Fawzy, Maher, Mulwafu, Wakisa, Msosa, Vanessa, Lopes, Lygia, Antwi-Kusi, Akwasi, Sama, Hamza D., Forget, Patrice, van Straaten, Dawid, Pearse, Rupert M., Puchert, Marichen, Rolt, Lucy, Schwebler, Kris, Kabambi, Freddy, Mabotja, Tebogo, Cobas, Leandys, Freitas, Albino, Antunes, Maria, Cabo, Bartolomeu, Paulo, Domingos, Camongua, Carlos, Avognon, Yvette, Marcos, Osseni, Kintomonho, Raymond, Demahou, Onesime, Hounsa, Gisèle, Chobli, Hugues, Fassinou, Elie, Zoglobossou, Aurore, Tchaou, Blaise, Tchegnonsi, Charles, Amadji, Fifame, Bossa, Francine, Ahounou, Ernest, Alao, Djima, Odérémi, Roushdane, Montairou, Afissatou, Gbehade, Oswald, Tobome, Romaric, Boukari, Adam, Bakantieba, Patrick, Sambo, Arouna, Lionelle, Fanou, Gilbert, Nounagnon, Attinon, Julien, Klikpezo, Roger, Dadjo, Aumar, Fanou, Dénis, Hounkpe, Gilberte, Fafana, Bachabi, Nguilu, Néné, Dossou-Yovo, Bodourin, Segla, Chantal, Toko, Mohamed, Gnele-Dedewanou, Evelyne, Noukounwoui, Michel, Yado, Ethienne, Gouroubéra, Timothé, Adjignon, Valéry, Mewanou, Serge, Tchomgang, Aïcha, Agossou, Urielle, Soton, Fernand, Azanlin, Charbel, Zomahoun, Lidwine, Kabore, Rawéléguinbasba Armel Flavien, Savadogo, Salam, Sanou, Fatou Fleur Rosine, Belém, Farid, Hien, Victoria, Bougouma, Cheik Tidiane Hafid W., Ouattara, Sie Ahmed, Kabore, Mariam Bambara, Nazinigouba, Ouedraogo, Bonkoungou, Papougnezambo, Lankoandé, Martin, Traoré, Mireille, Sawadogo, Patrick, Wenmenga, Inès, Kinda, Boureima, Simporé, André, Sapo, Christian, Traore, Salah Idriss, Dipama, Haoua, Kaboré, Lydie WR., Napon, Salifou, Kaboré, Télesphore G., Louré, Arouna, Tondé, Pélagie PP., Zoundi, Christian, Lankoande, Martin, Sanou, Harouna, Ndikumana, Remy, Nsengiyumva, Carlos, Sund, Gregory, Niyukuri, Alliance, Kwizera, Axel, Niyondiko, Jean-Claude, Kilembe, Adolphe Manzanza, Ilunga, Jean Pierre Mwema, Sarah, Nehema Hailemariam, Makeya, Gabriel Mubobo, Mwepu, Idesbald Mwebe, Likongo, Ted Botawaosenge, Mvwala, Richard Kapela, Mubunda, Raphael Nzau Kapend, Mukuna, Noellie Kanka, Pembe, Julie Djondo, Ndaye, Nicolas Lumuanga, Amisi, Eric Bibonge, Madika, Mike Ilunga, Lungela, Joe Kembo, Mayemba, Didier Ndonda, Diyoyo, Philomene Mamba, Ngalala, Alex Mbo, Mukenga, Martin Mamba, Kabuni, Patricia Tito, Mpoto, Dany Bolimo, Mole, Herve Inesnku, Keby, Louise, Buti, Oria Andavo, Phaka, Anselme, Mayenge, Belinda, Kalongo, Jean Jeacques Kabuley, Mawisa, Timothe Kemfuni, Ngwizani, Rodrigue Tondo, Leya, Kuyala, Sanduku, Dieudonne Kisile, Mawisa, Timothe Nkemfuni, Mfumu, Coco Nseke, Bolenge, Mbuta, Kabuce, Desire Kinzenzengu, Kintieti, Patrick, Mbuluku, Amelia, Mahuwa, Vicky, Mabiala, Tharcice Khonde, Ngoy, Guilain, Boloko, Patrick, Mvwama, Nono Mazangama, Kengbanda, Jose, Mushimbonga, Pitchou, Kuhapala, Blaise, Marcel, Nzosani, Guylain, Kienze, Mboma, Gerard, Sagboze, Sandra Zalambo, Manika, Michel Muteya, Kigayi, Jean Pierre Mumbere, Cishugi, Roger Mukanire, Mugisho, Placide Buhendwa, Baguma, Roger, Kongolo, Moïse, Mbayabu, Michel Mandungu, Muamba, Crispin Mukendi, Kapinga, Edmond Banema, Kapinga, Vasco Ngolela, Nsumpi, Guylain Tshimanga, Odia, Patrick Kanda, Bingidimi, Salomon, Kpengbemale, Gilbert, Imposo, Desire Hubert Bofunga Bosonga, Matondo, Patricia, Lelo, Servet, Kalambayi, Jeremie, Abdel-Ghaffar, Mohamed, Soliman, Abdelrahman, Abdelrahman, Mostafa, Shehata, Sameh, Rabee, Alia, Heba, Mohamed Abou, Abdelfattah, Mohamed Rabei, Ghoniem, Tamer Ahmed Maher, Shehata, Sherif M.K., Lotfy, Mohamed, ElHaddad, Ahmed, Gebremeskel, Bereket, Fisseha, Girmay, Abay, Mebrahtu, Bahrey, Degena, Hika, Assefa, Ali, Abdurezak, Moges, Kindie, Ahmed, Jemal, Abdisa, Desalegn, Megersa, Abebe, Abayne, Wendwosen, Berhane, Haftom, Esayas, Reiye, Kifle, Fitsum, Desita, Kokeb, Addise, Abebe, Shimelash, Dagim, Tadesse, Shitalem, Zemedkun, Bezaye, Kenna, Peniel, Yirdie, Ayenew, Sisay, Abinet, Gashu, Tebikew, Mihretu, Fassil, Ahmed, Yesuf, Debebe, Bekele, Misgea, Abdureuf, Agmas, Amare, Assefa, Rahel, Gelmo, Abdurahman, Alemu, Seifu, Damtachew, Brook, Mersha, Merid, Chemere, Yaekob, Fekadu, Samuel, Regasa, Sintayehu, Sileshi, Bonsa, Wosen, Desalegn, Adamu, Rebira, Mulugeta, Gersam, Bacha, Teshome, Gudisa, Zewude, Bekele, Kebebe, Tasew, Alelign, Gezahegn, Habtamu, Atlaw, Daniel, Solomon, Damtew, Gebresillasie, Habtemariam, Tesfaye, Girmaye, Sarbecha, Negussie, Sahiledengle, Biniyam, Seyoum, Kenbon, Ganfure, Gemechu, Tekalegn, Yohannes, Tesfaye, Gosa, Ayichew, Temesgen, Sendaba, Shibiru, Redwan, Musefa, Muse, Eyasu, Nina, Girma, Sime, Bizuneh, Tadege, Addisalem, Jima, Anbesse, Ayalew, Nugusu, Workneh, Dagmawi, Teferi, Daniel, Nyassi, Momodou T., Sanyang, Landing N., Jallow, Omar, Keita, Abdoulie, Jammeh, Kitabu, Roberts, Charles, Idoko, Patrick, Marenah, Kebba, Njie, Masirending, Marena, Musa, Suwareh, Karamba, Boissey, Simon, Jarjusey, Fatoumatta, Jah, Awa, Sanyang, Awa, Jabbi, Dado, Camara, Kajali, Correa, Armando, Jabang, John, Jaiteh, Lamin, Dampha, Lamin, Manneh, Aminata, Sowe, Baboucarr, Bah, Abdoulie, Jawo, Edrisa, Okoje, Victoria, Baro, Momodou, Bah, Yaya, Njie, Mustapha, Mbowe, Sainabou, Kanteh, Ebrima, Ceesay, Sarjo, Manneh, Alagie, Atito-Narh, Evans, Wilson, Adwoa, Hussey, Romeo, Okine, Emmanuel, Kwarteng, Jemima, Ntiamoah, Ridge, Dadzie, Samuel, Aseti, Mark, Sowah, Naa, Appiah, Akosua, Bankah, Charles, Mburugu, Patrick, Chokwe, Thomas, Olang, Patrick, Gacii, Vernon, Nabulindo, Susane, Gatheru, Antony, Mwiti, Timothy, Mwangi, Caroline, Muriithi, Julius, Ojuka, Daniel, Ogutu, Omondi, Masitara, Evans, Chaudhry, Mohamed, Kamundi, Reuben, Kangangi, Annmarie, Massaquoi, Thomas, Takow, Stephen, Moraa, Felister, Munubi, Aziz, Kimani, Moses, Wobenjo, Adili, Nguu, Linda, Omeddo, Vincent, Malaba, Rose, Nabwana, Ambrose, Mwancha, Anita, Mugaa, Alexandria, Wamwaki, John, Chege, Joyce, Sinari, Seymour, Ndonga, Andrew, Shitsinzi, Rose, Akello, Walter, Kimani, Winfred, Kirwa, Elisha, Saruni, Seno, Wainaina, Andrew, Nshom, Ernest, Kenseko, Aidah, Shisanya, Kizito, Wanjiru, Purity, Cherotich, Julliah, Kimutai, Judy, Wahome, Benson, Wangui, Grace, Wamalwa, Dennis, Mwangi, Stephen, Chege, John, Wanjiku, Tabitha, Njoki, Carolyne, Waititu, Wachira, Ambani, Conrad, Murimi, Samuel, Waithira, Sharon, Mouti, Nilson, Kibet, Collins, Kibet, John, Sokobe, Virginia, Jeymah, Beatrice, Kamadi, Antony, Gichuri, Faith, Moses, Steve, Wasike, David, Adeya, Favours, Bitta, Caesar, Ogendo, Stephen, Kariuki, Killian, BenAbdalla, Hdaya, Suliaman, Taha, Abokhzam, Fatima Ali, Isa, Mohaned, Huwaysh, Mohammed, Bourawi, Asma, Alzubaidy, Kais, Albaraesi, Mohammed, Bahroun, Sumayyah, Alhadi, Abdulmueti, Msherghi, Ahmed, Mohamed, Amira, Khaled, Ala, Aljadi, Nouran, Bareig, Elham, Elgazwi, Khaled, Elgazwi, Adel, El-busife, Ibrahim, Owhida, Safa, Eltwati, Almahdi, Elakeili, Samah, Abubaker, Taha, Elkhfeefi, Fatima, Hasan, Soha Younis, Alttaira, Amal, Elmraied, Imbarkah, Wishah, Rim, Abugassa, Omar, Ahmed, Hazem, Ellafi, Amera, Shoukrie, Shoukrie, Aldokali, Nawal, ElGammudi, Aws, Alkaseek, Akram, Elhaddad, Hoda, Alqaarh, Ayyah, Brish, Ahlam, Abudsnnuga, Malek, Albuaishi, Salsabil, Albashri, Mohammed, Morgom, Marwa, Alawami, Mohammed, Shawesh, Eman, Almabrouk, Abdullah, Alwarfalli, Moaz, Abeid, Nagia, Buzreg, Anis, Malek, Ans, Abayu, Ameerah, Abdulhafith, Butaina, Abouruwes, Wedad, Albakuri, Marim, Almuammari, Sabria, Alsaghair, Esam, Alreshi, Fatheia, Badi, Hassan, Alfetoey, Rabiee, Zubia, Naji, Almiqlash, Bushray, Alshuhoumi, Abdulsalam, Ben Jouira, Rayet Al-islam, Dier, Amaal, Gebril, Essra, Abdelkabir, Mohammed, Moussa, Sana, Alfitori, Marwa, Azbeda, Mabroukah, Alamin, Hajar, Barka, Ejmeya, Mosbah, Omlsaad, Abdasalam, Rema, Hiyoum, Miftah, Abd allateef, Maryam, Altomi, Ibrahim, Alsakloul, Mahdi, Karami, Ekhlas, Alriqeeq, Munyah, Omar, Mabruka, Samer, Ashraf, Aemeesh, Aml, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad, Elusta, Ahmed, Ahmeed, Sultan, Hassan, Wesal AlFighi, Altayr, Mouadah Ali, Addalla, Mohamed, Geddeda, Abrar, Khoja, Kheria, Alhaj, Doaa, Etturki, Muaad, Elhadi, Ahmed, Ellojli, Ibrahim, Shuwayyah, Anshirah, Elfaghih, Ahmed, Alduwayb, Malak, Aleiyan, Mohamed, Aboubreeq, Wedad, Alkassem, Soliman, Ashour, Sami, Ben Hasan, Hayat, Ben Hasan, Najat, Yahya, Ali, Chisala, Palesa, Kommwa, Edward, Simwinga, Lusayo, Chalira, Agness, Kachitsa, Precious, Mtalimanja, Onias, Traoré, Drissa, Sissoko, Moussa, Camara, Moussa, Koita, Adama, Koumaré, Sekou, Sacko, Omar, Coulibaly, Mahamadou, Soumaré, Lamine, Keita, Soumaïla, Keita, Sidiki, Dicko, Hamadoun, Diallo, Boubacar, Bengaly, Boureima, Keita, Mohamed, Diallo, Siaka, Ouattara, Drissa, Ongoiba, Nouhoun, Beye, Seydina, Berthe, Honoré, Diakite, Mamadou, Sima, Mamadou, Togo, Adégné, Dembele, Bakary, Diango, Djibo, Samake, Moussa, Traoré, Youssouf, Traoré, Louis, Oumar, Ongoïba, Gaoussou, Sogoba, Traoré, Issaga, Sangaré, Sidy, Kanté, Doua, Cissé, Lassana, Souleymane, Thiam, Koniba, Keita, Maiyalagan, Sundaresan, Chong, Julien, Mohit, Adil, Mungar, Khushyant, Vinayagam, Shankaran, Ramlochun, Kevin, Sim, Jamie, Sneha, Desai, Kissoon, Vishaal, Tseung, Yan, Aboobakar, Mohamed, Fokeerah, Nitish, Ramsewak, Ravi, Gopall, Jayprakash, Abeeluck, Meetheelesh, Seewoo, Varun, Jankee, Divyanand, Puryag, Ashveen, Beemadoo, Senthil, Deenoo, Yashraj, Goureah, Abhisek, Makoon, Munawwara, Rambojan, Hemanshu, Shanjugsingh, Beeharry, Viraswami, Kevin, Joomye, Shehzaad, Bhugwandass, Ashwant, Deelawar, Bibi, Leelodharry, Vakil, Mungur, Luckshmanraj, Aungraheeta, Sajid, Bhajoo, Sirsingh, Rajcoomar, Manpreet, Seetaram, Rishi, Gaya, Subha, Batra, Gini, Sunnassee, Yoshvin, Petkar, Shailendra, Hicham, Sbai, Smail, Labib, Said, Ait Laalim, Youssef, Motaai, Doumiri, Mouhssine, Alilou, Mustapha, Farnaoui, Nora, Bensghir, Mustapha, Elkoundi, Abdelghafour, Jaafari, Abdelhamid, Elwali, Abderhmann, Meziane, Mohammed, Atmani, Walid, Rebahi, Houssam, Chichou, Hajar, Zarouf, Safae, Soummani, Abderraouf, Taoufik, Abou Elhassan, Essafti, Meryem, Traoré, Aminata Oumou, Hamza, Hamzaoui, Berdai, Adnane, Linda, El allani, Oussama, Salhi, Mucopo, Nelson, Banze, Machado, Saide, Mouzinho, Sitoi, Tomas, Machava, Artur, Carlos, Antonio, Guidione, Amilton, de Carvalho, Antonio Saide, Gemo, Natacha, Camal, Samiro Sema, Cuna, Arsénio, Madeira, Ornelos, Assuade, Ladino, Fernandes, Dercio Amde, Fernandes, Dulce Alexandre Machavae, Sebastião, Mandua, Sikombe, Bernard, Kandjimi, Matti, Shekimweri, Ayoub, Shilomboleni, Diana, Kandjii, Mbaundju, Kabongo, Leonard, Hangero, Cholastic, Ndjoze, Ike, Nailonga, Ruben, Uukonga, Immanuel, Nakanyala, Uutoni, Johannes, Lavinia, Haruzuvi, Adrian, Terblanche, Chris, Shimenda, Natangwe, Katjipu, Delwina, Shalimba, Hilma, Kaweendwa, Juliah, Mbuyi, Ali, Oyedele, John, Mulolo, Mapumba, Njuki, Peter, Ndaie, Mutombo, Munyika, Akutu, Katangolo, Hilma, Tjiyokola, David, Mhene, Tawanda, Masiambiri, Archbald, Mandudzo, Paidamoyo, Kapepiso, Sandra, Mavesere, Haziel, Tjihoto, Cedia, Manyere, Daylight, Kauraisa, Charlotte, Garanowako, Learnmore, Tune, Michael, DeKlerk, William, Ndolo, Benvenue, Angula, Maria, Hishekwa, Ndapewoshali, Nandjendja, Elizabeth, Tsauses, Elsabe, Mouton, Eunice, Katandawa, Kudzai, Bruwer, Sophia, Van Staden, Jaydee, Siteketa, Beata, Kaholongo, Beata, Ntinda, Martha, Nashidengo, Pueya, Kandjumbwa, Johanna, Lipumbu, 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Nasiru, Gana, Samuel, Adike, Talent, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Sheshe, Abdurrahman, Aji, Sani, Atiku, Mamuda, Attah, Raphael, Muhammed, Abubakar, Oseni, Rasaki, Salisu-Kabara, Halima, Nkemjika, Benjamin, Salami, Omotayo, Akadri, Adekunle, Olayinka, Bukola, Onuoha, Clement, Jamaare, Umar Usman, Jibrin, Auwalu Saminu, Abdullahi, Sani Giade, Ishaku, Ibrahim, Odewabi, Adenike, Bamigboye, John, Kuforiji, Oladapo, Ogo, Chidiebere, Ogunmuyiwa, Stella, Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemee, Tanimola, Adebayo, Adeyanju, Michael, Andero, Oluwatimilehin, Ojo, Temitope, Adedotun, Olusi, Kehinde, Gbadamosi, Buraimoh, Jimoh, Muhammad, Kabiru, Baidoo, Sophia, Okoli, Patrick, Adigun, Azeez, Ezeonye, Ekene, Isa, Kabir, Aremu-Kasumu, Yetunde, Shoretire, Kamil, Enesi, Peter, Ezike, Amechi, Olawoye, Olatunde, Ugwu, Emmanuel, Ukah, Christopher, Olugbenga, Abolade, Chidiebere, Nwachukwu, Abdulraman, Nasiru, Olusegun, Adebiyi, Halisa, Alisa, Yusuf, Semiat, Salisu, Jamila, Okoro, Chidiebube, Suleiman, Abdul, Onowighose, Fabian, Farinyaro, Aliyu, Baba, Suleiman, Abdulmajid, Umar, Abdurrahman, Aisha, Obi, Ogochukwu, Alabi, Olatunde, Adeyemi, William, Salau, Jelili, Taiwo, Jones, Nwafulume, Nnaemeka, Ibiyeye, Taiye, Agu, Edith, Danboy, Ayodeji, Abdulazeez, James, Ekwunife, Christopher, Nnaji, Chimaobi, Onyekpere, Chigozirim, Arunsi, Amara, Egwim, Jude, Nwana, Obianuju, Ojiegbe, Nnabuike, Mbamba, Charles, Ngwu, Paul, Imahigbe, Frank, Okoroji, Emmanuel, Ikenna, Iloh, Mohammed, Abdulrahman, Adeniyi, Adebayo, Ariyo, Toluwalope, Gabriel, Olajide, Orewole, Tesleem, Idris, Salawu, Adebara, Idowu, Okunlola, Abiodun, Akinbade, Akinwale, Afolabi, Oluwasesan, Bakare, Adewumi, Adeyemo, Olabisi, Ugwu, Benjamin, Nuhu, Samuel, Embu, Henry, Isamade, Erdoo, Obikili, Chinedu, Ocheke, Amaka, Peter, Solomon, Orshio, Donald, Onuminya, Peter, Okopi, Jack, Bankole, Olufemi, Afolabi, Bosede, Osinowo, Dapo, Oluwole, Ayodeji, Rotimi, Muyiwa, Desalu, Ibironke, Ojewola, Rufus, Mofikoya, Bolaji, Owonikoko, Kola, Adeoye, Adeolu, 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Tinuola, Osinaike, Babatunde, Ogunbode, Olayinka, Idowu, Olusola, Lawal, Taiwo, Ogundiran, Temidayo, Shittu, Olayiwola, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Edino, Stephen, Songden, Zumnan, Akitoye, Olumide, Ekele, Bissallah, Akaba, Godwin, Atim, Terkaa, Adeleke, Akitoye, Okochi, Owoicho, Akeju, Sunday, Ukpoju, Ernest, Osaheni, Osayomwanbo, Obaseki, Ifunanya, Kehinde, Lateef, Monday, Osawemwenze, Nte, Stanley, Agboifo, Adesuwa, Dawodu, Omajuwa, Orhiere, Precious, Atiti, David, Kalu, Queeneth, Effiom, Felix, Kolawole, Israel, Ojo, Olawale, Olabinjo, Afusat, Ige, Olufemi, Ogunyemi, Beatrice, Oladosu, Olusola, Adesina, Kikelomo, Agodirin, Sulaiman, Shittu, Asimiyu, Idrisa, Audu, Adamu, Sadiq, Ali, Nuhu, Adewunmi, Olayinka, Nwankwor, Stephen, Olakanmi, Akinwumi, Ajayi, Oluseye, Ajayi, Ayotolu, Ogunmola, Victor, Olakanmi, Oluwafunke, Kuranga, Adam, Uche, Enoch, Osuagwu, Chukwuemeka, Ilo, Chukwudi, Matthew, Mesi, Uko, Uko, Mba, Ngozi, Alagbe-Briggs, Olubusola, Dodiyi-Manuel, Amabra, Onajin-Obembe, Bisola, Obasuyi, Bright, Echem, Richard, Mike-Elechi, Ihuoma, Otokwala, Job, Edubio, Mark, Eyo, Catherine, Udo, Isaac, Abdulrahman, Aliyu, Abdullahi, A.A., Bello, Ibrahim Galadima, Mohammed, Usman Adinoyin, Oyaromade, Abidemi, Bello, Mohammed, Muhammad, Usman, Mbah, Emeri, Okereke, Hyacinth, Aminu, Almustapha, Ahmadu, Anthony, Rogers, Abu, Samai, Peter, Amara, Sao, Yankuba, Margaret, Josayah, Mary, Jnr, Jayah Swarray, Dawo, Alusine, George, Peter, Kabba, Mustapha, Bah, Mohamed, Mondeh, Charles, Kapuwa, Ibrahim, Sheku, Mohamed, Mattia, Philip, Sesay, Brima, Omoshoro-Jones, Jones O.A., Mbeki, Motselisi, Cloete, Estie, Anderson, Philip, Mrara, Busi, Steyn, Annemarie, Mhlari, Tsakani, Proctor, Nic, Robertson, Caroline, Lamacroft, Gillian, Singh, Usha, Sikhakhane, Sebenzile, Gate, Kelly, Nzenza, Shepherd, Kasonga, John Tshimbalanga, Ndebele, Sibongile, Kande, Patrick Lufuta, Davids, Jody, Orlandi, Tino-vito, de Jong, Marischka, Stark, Hugo, Roodt, Francois, Hall, Jonathan, Nortje, Ian, Akpakan, Akanimo, Govindasamy, Vishendran, Sathiram, Ronisha, Kathrada, Mohammad, Farina, Zane, Frittella, Lucio, Kohler, Charles, Lubelwana, Sibuyiselwe, Ikram-Hameed, Sarwat, Smit, Adriaan, Cassiem, Muneerah, Freeman, Yvonne, Goga, Saaliha, Cronje, Larissa, Buzdugan, Constantin, Chirkut, Subash, Singh, Priyadeshni, Jithoo, Sandhya, Rughubar, Vivesh, Arnold, John, Bipath, Rishan, Kinoo, Suman Mewa, Msolo, Ncumisa Khanyisa, Ackermans-Deijnen, Fleur, Boka, Tshegofatso Mmasello Emma, Greenwood, Martyn Biccard, Jayrajh, Shakthi Anand, Naidoo, Devarani, Reddy, Syndrini, Rungan, Devandiran Harriraman, Subrayen, Kylene, Roos, John, Tredoux, Nina, Plumacher, Pascal, Reed, Anthony, Steinhaus, Harald, Nock, Mariesa, Herselman, Paul Ryan, Davies, Gareth, Harvey, Talitha, Muller, Franklin, Naude, Willem, Pretorius, Tania, Swart, Johan Jochemus, Walls, Merryn, Gokal, Prashant, Rorke, Nicolette, Dhoodhat, Farzaana, Dzanibe, Precious, Hussain, Mohammed Yusuf, Junpath, Ashmita, Maharaj, Ameela, Makanisi, Hylda, Moosa, Khalid, Wong, Ting Ting, Mould, Sean, Ramsamy, Trisha, Matos-Puig, Roel, Morgan, Hayley, Nabeebuccas, Nadeem, Naidoo, Ria Devi, Pather, Viantha, Bahadur, Vasheel Vasheel, Pillay, Renilda, Fullerton, Zahnne, Bell, Nicole, Grey, Bongisa, Visentin, Vincent Lorenzo, Van Zyl, Hendrik Adriaan, Killingbeck, Terri Anne, Maneveldt, Emile, Thiart, Gerhard, Venter, Magdelena May, Swart, Oostewalt, Grobelaar, Mariette, Cairns, Carel, Bishop, David, Steenkamp, Christien, Khumalo, Thandekile, Naidoo, Noel, Murray, Ross, Kopieniak, Martin, Sishange, Melusi, Ndimande, Mxolisi Brian, Jaworska, Megan, Ikram, Sarwat, Rainier, Bence, Liebenberg, Renier J., Zwiegers, Helena D., Nortje, Philip M., Bhagwan, Kamal, Flint, Margot, Dyer, Robert, Adams, Simone, Bwambale, Yoshua, Ngomo, Danny, Kanku, Patrice, Pillay, Nivashen, de Castro, Alexa, Maharaj, Atisha, Carim, Janine, Taylor, Jenna Leigh, Köhne, Karl M., Drummond, Leanne W., Temlett, Leanne, Geldenhuys, Lieze, Seilbea, Yvonne, Naidoo, Kathryn, Kalafatis, Nicola A., Verwey, Stefné, Biyase, Thulile, Kisten, Theroshnie, Kusel, Belinda S., Hardcastle, Timothy Craig, Magagula, Richard, Kampik, Christian, Xulu, Kuzolunga, Solala, Sivuyisiwe, Sayed, Mia, Enicker, Basil, Madaree, Anil, Mukama, Innocent, Madombwe, Gladmore, Zulu, Nonhlanhla, Gasa, Nompumelelo, Kanjana, Nokuzula, Buthelezi, Sebenzile, Buthelezi, Thembelihle, Brink, Andries, Potgieter, Francois, Mrara, Busisiwe, Alexander, Zaynab, Choto, Charles, Ima, Paula, Gxagxisa, Zintle, Ningiza, Baphethuxolo, Lamacraft, Gillian, Mogorosi, Jerome, du Plessis, Nadia, de Man, Leonie, Thompson, Suné, van Heerden, Gerrit, Turton, Edwin W., van der Linde, Pieter M., Teme-Pitse, Josephine K., Tladi, Reitumetse, Saffy, Gillian D., Roscher, Ene-Mari, Fortune, Kristel, Barnard, George, Makhasane, Tiisetso, Bowen, Evan, Pal, Akangcha, Moore, Rachel, Fourtounas, Maria, Adam, Mary Augusta, Arumugan, Renessa, Hyman, Gabriella, Jonosky, Jaclyn, Makondo, Maninginingi, Moodley, Heveshan, Munda, Phillip, Nyalungu, Mzwandile, Olusola, Victor, Pinto, Sohan Zane, Pillay, Tristan, Singh, Lucinda, Wondoh, Paul Mwindekuma, Devar, John, Baloyi-Mnisi, Boitumelo, Koto, Zach, Mabitsela, Matlou Ernest, Ndlovu, Sibongile Ruth, Mthelebofu, Branny, Beck, Colin, Dold, Matthew, Fan, Alice, MacQueen, Shannon, Matabata, Thembani, Mpehle, Catherine, Kulenkampf, Charné, Mhlari, Tsakani McCreath, Nyoka-Mokgalong, Simangele Cecilia, Masinge, Felix Thumba, Gunpath, Randhir Ramnath, Pat Mothwa, Maropeng Petrus, Mothwa, Jo-Anne Asenath, Mhlanga, Danai, Colly, Jamie-Lyn, Peter, Aunel Mallier, Ben Hameda, Khalid, Mokae, Pulane, Moumakoe, Stella Josephine, Ekeh, Kelechi, Lengo, Nezingu, Booyens, Marnus, Seale, Inge Louise, Theron, Pieter Daniel, Schuman, Nicolaas Abraham, Sonn, Amber Carlyn, Stander, Jacobus Lukas, Cloete, Nadia, Cloete, Marius, Makepeace, Catherine Ann, van der Westhuizen, Ronel, Messiahs, Leanne Robyn, Visagie, Amy Ruth, Vawda, Fatima, Voster, Frans Christiaan, Dhilraj, Deepika, Smith, Oliver, Bolon, Stefan, Montwedi, Daniel, Mbeki, Motsilisi, Wyngaard, Jayde, Ngcelwane, Mthunzi, Kleyenstuber, Thomas, Phukubye, Phyllis, Schärf, Liesel, Laker, Grace, Semenya, Elizabeth, Dembskey, Reinhard, Tarlton, Thomas, Jiri, Tapiwa, Mushid, Ngoie Hubert, Ngwenya, Nhlanhla Samuel, Mogodi, Hazel Morongoa, Sinevici, Carmen, Usenbo, Anthony Osarogie, Fodo, Naledi, Chimini, Anesu, Sikobi, Ntetelelo, Nokwange, Sinovuyo, Noqhamza, Mluleki, Thembisa, Qumba, Bhat, Kajake Anantha Padmanabha, Mathew, Rabin, Middleton, Katrin, Adewunmi, Abdus-sami, Dickson, Craig, Bulbulia, Humairah, Bester, Bianka, de Klerk, Michelle, Benade, Christia, Viljoen, Francois, Fischer, Monique, Alfaki, Khalid, Awad, Abdalmalik, Algray, Abdelsalam, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Mohamed, Suha, Mahmoud, Salih, Osman, Muhammed, Elgailany, Asia, Suliman, Mazin, Mohammed, Hanaa, Aljeally, Lina, Dirar, Mohammed, Osman, Mohammed, Mohamed, Mazin, Elhasan, Mohamed, Widatalla, Abrar, Abubakr, Abubakr, Mohamed, Eman, Nour, Alshareef, Gama, Ntonto Doris, Shabangu, Dolorosa Khetsiwe, Iradikunda, Cynthia, Mkoko, Samuel, Kisanga, Paul, Lema, Emmanuel, Lyimo, Benson, Binde, Mohamed, Chandika, Alphonce, Salim, Salim, Jumbe, Sylvia, Makubi, Abel, Kotecha, Vihar, Kachinde, Felician, Nyakiroto, Museleta, Jitambi, Emmanuel, Geofrey, Venant, Josiah, Johaphes, Makubi, Phinius, Manumbu, Frank, Mlingwa, Suzan, Ibenzi, Ernest, Mbelle, Peter, Peleus, Kato, Chiwanga, Enid, Richard, Nillah, Leonard, Shoo, Sanka, Paulo, Mushi, Subira, Nyangasa, Bashir, Janabi, Mohamed, Majani, Naizihijwa, Palangyo, Pedro, Nyawawa, Evarist, Ramadhan, William, Lydenge, Faraj, Masenga, Gileard Gabriel, Rashid, Sakina, Jusabani, Mubashir, Ndebea, Ansbert, Cheru, Jenitha, Henjewele, Margaret, Kilimanjaro, Greyson, Sikimata, Sarah, Donatus, Deocles, Maduhu, Hazina, Mariro, Tumaini, Massasi, Given, Shabani, Moshi Moshi, Cholela, Braison, Mgeleka, Marco, Mbilinyi, Yohatinus, Chiwanga, Faraja, Exavery, Bilton, Haule, Caspar, Ndile, Samson, Harya, Sirili, Magandi, Julieth, Manyama, Deogratius, Matindi, Redempta, Moshi, Adam, Kitwana, Daudi, Makia, Merida, Muhochi, Philip, Herman, Miriam, Miombo, Clauda, Kahindo, Furaha, Kishebuka, Langtone, Ussiri, Elijah, Kinasa, Gloria, Adel, Patrick, Malaba, Eric, Sakwari, Vensesla, Lugereka, Sadot, Mungia, Mohamed, Mocha, George, Wella, Herman, Protas, Cecilia, Karua, Patrick, Kashagama, Ahmada, Mwasambugu, Faraja, Kajeri, Suzana, Mchilla, Jacquiline, Lucumay, Elibariki, Maise, Robert, Marti, Amon, Mahundi, Beatrice, Jager, Frederika, Majani, Charles, Rukeha, Ludovick, Mohamed, Tareeq, Fuad, Nabila, Halinga, Winifrida, Chrisant, Elias, Msoma, Gilbert, Kihwili, Titus, Temu, Gadiel, Yusuf, Naima, Saleh, Rashid, Inoja, Rashid, Shang'a, Eva, Ibrahim, Stella, Msuma, Hussein, Edward, Edwin, Kilamile, Paul, Mwakyolile, Stephen, Adja, Talkana, Gueouguede, Edem, Oussene Seddoh, Hafoudhoi, Adam, Saliou, Egbohou, Pilakimwe, Ahomagnon, Mawunyo, Kadjossou, Olivier, Boukari, Abdul-Bassiti, Nabukenya, Mary T., Muhindo, Ruth, Waswa, Peter, Agaba, Peter Kaahwa, Kabatoro, Daphne, Kayongo, Joseph, Naggujja, Margaret, Rehema, Nabasiige, Nansubuga, Phiona, Kavuma, Daniel, Lubikire, Aggrey, Bisilikirwa, Hope, Ssebaggala, Godfrey, Muwema, Emmanuel, Agaba, Humble Joan, Kiconco, John, Wataaka, Nicholas, Chan, Bonet, Nampawu, Mary Juliet, Bulamba, Fred, Bua, Emmanuel, Mugala, Christine, Nyakato, Caroline, Ochieng, John Paul, Jovia, Linda Kyomuhendo, Kateregga, George, Alum, Rachel, Najjuma, Lazia, Nampiina, Gorret, Kintu, Andrew, Sempiira, Joshua, Simon, Luzige, Kayima, Peter, Eyul, Jacob, Odwar, Erick, Nkwine, Rita, Namata, Christine, Nabakka, Elizabeth, Kakaire, Denis, Mushangwe-Mtisi, Velda, Munhamo, Erisha, Dhege, Celestino, Hungwa, Juliet, Jasi, Hemish, Ntoto, Crispin, Matsika, Derek, Mutseyekwa, Brightson, Zimbovoora, Joseph, Gudyanga, Beaulah, Mazingi, Dennis, Mbanje, Chenesa, Mlambo, Busisiwe, Chiwanga, Michael, Chifamba, Harunavamwe N., Zhou, Sarudzai, Hove, Esta, Dende, Shamiso, Manjengwa, Beauty, Kapisa, Penias, Mashava, Chiura, Caritas, Katsukunya, Locadia, Muguti, Godfrey, Mashava, Doreen, Ndhlovu, Elton, Mangwangwa, Zanele, Dube, Nombulelo, Stephens, Timothy, Pearse, Rupert, Puchert, Mariechen, Martin, Graham, and Biccard, Bruce

Published
2021
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24. Adept adaptation and intelligent employment of ancient Arabic heritage: A reading in the poetry of Muhammad al‐Thubayti, a modern Saudi poet.

Author

Alwaqaa, Mujahid Ahmed Muhammed

Subjects
*POETRY collections, *POETRY (Literary form), *POETS, *FRUSTRATION, *DILEMMA
Abstract

This research attempts to analyze Arabic heritage elements employed in Muhammad al‐Thubayti's poetry as his poetry highlights modern issues. Heritage becomes a cornerstone in al‐Thubayti's poetry for it produces new meanings and contexts. It is used in visionary and creative ways enabling him to shape his poetic experiences. Heritage is no longer sacred or static, but it is manipulated in a way that serves the poet's messages. Thus, this paper shows how al‐Thubayti explores the present frustrations and failures at individual and national levels by employing heritage and symbols balancing between his belonging to this heritage and his creative and experimental poetic experience. Through the intelligent adaptation of heritage, he makes connections between the past and modern life to reveal the dilemmas of the present and the glory of the past. The research's main contribution is to shed a new light into the race, milieu, and experience of al‐Thubayti's poetry through utilizing Arabic heritage. This research examines four poems taken from al‐Thubayti's diwan (poetry collection), Tahjit hulman, tahjit wahman [I Spell out a Dream, I Spell out an Illusion]. As a theoretical framework, the analysis of the poems is based on historical theory and formalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. AUDITORY VS VISUAL STRATEGIES AMONG KURDISH LEARNERS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Author

Areen Ahmed Muhammed

Subjects
kurdish students, visual strategy, auditory strategy, gender, Language and Literature, Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091, Theory and practice of education, LB5-3640
Abstract

When it comes to the case of Kurdish universities regarding teaching styles and methodologies plenty of obstacles and barriers anyone can face not only due to the low level of the majority of the students; but also other factors like religion, interest, grading system, and most importantly low number of references on the subjects area can be the core cause of the issue. One of those points which drove the researcher to write on the common issue was due to the reason that the researcher could not find enough and adequate sources on the subject area; hence, the researcher tried to enrich the referencing system of Kurdish studies of English language in one hand and provide and broaden the horizon of other nationalities regarding Kurdish EFL learners of English and in English taught programs. As a matter of fact, through decades many scholars have been conducting studies on different teaching methodologies and they provided up to four different styles of language teaching. Apart from that, many other linguists enlightened their studies on Far East Asian countries or European. Even if some Middle Eastern studies were taken into consideration; but still, none can be found in the case of Kurdish university students. The current paper was conducted on English department of Charmo University with a total number of 34 participants from three different stages.

Published
2020
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31. Prognostic factors and outcomes of COVID-19 cases in Ethiopia: multi-center cohort study protocol

Author

Abdella, Saro, Tessema, Masresha, Tasew, Geremew, Defar, Atkure, Deressa, Asefa, Regasa, Feyisa, Teka, Frehiwot, Tigabu, Eyasu, Nigussie, Dereje, Belachew, Tefera, Molla, Million, Deribew, Amare, Abebe, Workeabeba, Yigzaw, Tegbar, Nigatu, Tsinuel, Mitike, Getnet, Haile, Tewodros, Taame, Haftom, Ahmed, Muhammed, Nigatu, Frehiwot, Tolesa, Tola, Wolka, Eskinder, Amogne, Wondwossen, Laillou, Arnaud, Amare, Misker, Fufa, Yaregal, Argaw, Alemayehu, Waganew, Woldesenbet, Azazh, Akilili, Worku, Aschalew, Redae, Berhane, Sultan, Menbeu, Walelegn, Miraf, Tefera, Muluwork, Yifru, Sisay, Argaw, Rahel, Brehau, Natinael, Teklu, Sisay, Demoz, Getachew, Seman, Yakob, Salasibew, Mihretab, Ejeta, Eshetu, Whiting, Susan J., Wolday, Dawit, Tollera, Getachew, Abate, Ebba, and Duguma, Dereje

Published
2021
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32. Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid ameliorates gentamicin-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats

Author

Saad Bin Dajem, Sara Bayoumi Ali, Omar Ghanem Abdelrady, Nouraldin Mahmoud Salahaldin, Ahmed Muhammed Soliman, Yasmin Mohamed Kamal, Ammar Yasser Abdelazim, Aya Fadi Mohamed, Kareem Morsy, Ayman Saber Mohamed, and Sohair Ramadan Fahmy

Subjects
allolobophora caliginosa, coelomic fluid, gentamicin, hepatorenal toxicity, earthworm, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Objective: To explore the efficacy of earthworm’s coelomic fluid against gentamicin-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. Methods: The animals were divided randomly into three groups (n = 6 per group): control, gentamicin, and Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid-treated groups. Toxicity was established after injection of gentamicin daily for 8 days at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, albumin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, malondialdehyde, glutathione, catalase and histopathology of tissues were investigated in the study. Results: Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid significantly decreased urea, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde levels while significantly increasing levels of total proteins, albumin, glutathione and catalase. The histopathological investigation showed partial restoration of renal and hepatic architecture. Conclusions: This study shows the potency of Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid in improving the biochemical and histopathological changes induced by gentamicin in the liver and kidney of the rats.

Published
2020
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34. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: An Updated Comprehensive Review.

Author

Hashemian, Hesam, Peto, Tunde, Ambrósio Jr, Renato, Lengyel, Imre, Kafieh, Rahele, Noori, Ahmed Muhammed, and Khorrami-Nejad, Masoud

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds immense promise for transforming ophthalmic care through automated screening, precision diagnostics, and optimized treatment planning. This paper reviews recent advances and challenges in applying AI techniques such as machine learning and deep learning to major eye diseases. In diabetic retinopathy, AI algorithms analyze retinal images to accurately identify lesions, which helps clinicians in ophthalmology practice. Systems like IDx- DR (IDx Technologies Inc, USA) are FDA-approved for autonomous detection of referable diabetic retinopathy. For glaucoma, deep learning models assess optic nerve head morphology in fundus photographs to detect damage. In age-related macular degeneration, AI can quantify drusen and diagnose disease severity from both color fundus and optical coherence tomography images. AI has also been used in screening for retinopathy of prematurity, keratoconus, and dry eye disease. Beyond screening, AI can aid treatment decisions by forecasting disease progression and anti-VEGF response. However, potential limitations such as the quality and diversity of training data, lack of rigorous clinical validation, and challenges in regulatory approval and clinician trust must be addressed for the widespread adoption of AI. Two other significant hurdles include the integration of AI into existing clinical workflows and ensuring transparency in AI decisionmaking processes. With continued research to address these limitations, AI promises to enable earlier diagnosis, optimized resource allocation, personalized treatment, and improved patient outcomes. Besides, synergistic human-AI systems could set a new standard for evidence-based, precise ophthalmic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. DYSFUNCTIONAL SEMANTIC ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN LITERARY TEXTS: A CASE STUDY ON HAROLD PINTER’S MOUNTAIN LANGUAGE

Author

Yadgar Faeq Saeed and Areen Ahmed Muhammed

Subjects
dysfunction of language, semantic role, language acquisition, power, maxims of grace, cooperative principle, violence, kurd, and gender divisions., Language and Literature, Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091, Theory and practice of education, LB5-3640
Abstract

Language and literature are two inseparable subjects, one of which cannot be fully functional with the absence of the second part. This article shows the dysfunction of semantics in Harold Pinter’s Mountain Language. For many years, scholars and linguists work separately on different cases regarding literary texts or linguistics obstacles. From this paper, a new path will be saved for future references and works to bring both cases together and show their roles on one another. Moreover, literary works pay less attention to grammatical rules and plenty of dysfunctional languages can be examined and seen. In addition, several external factors can be the obstacle of using functional and accurate language use semantically and systematically. Moreover, political or social violence have become major points in many literary topics in the modern era. This study deals with theoretical aspects of society starting from family up to community and government. Additionally, the absence of semantics in the language of this drama is not neglected arbitrarily; whilst, there is a loop of violence. There are some basic theories related to the topic that this paper will examine. It includes the theory of Grice’s maxims (Gricean maxims) and the role of semantics when it comes to politics and power. Finally, the paper alienates all the curtains and shows the role of power, gender differences, class status, and diversity on language use in many areas.

Published
2019
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36. Correlation between prediabetes and coronary artery disease severity in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography

Author

Ahmed Muhammed, Mohamed Tarek Zaki, Ahmed Shawky Elserafy, and Sameh Attia Amin

Subjects
Prediabetes, Coronary artery disease, Elective coronary angiography, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Abstract Background Diabetes is a chronic disease that is responsible for a high rate of morbidity and mortality which can be attributed to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes is heralded by prediabetes which not only indicates a higher risk of developing diabetes but also increases the burden of cardiovascular disease. The objective was to observe the effect of prediabetes on the severity of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography. Seven hundred and thirty-one patients were admitted for elective coronary angiography and/or PCI starting from September 2017 to August 2018. Patients were divided into group A (normoglycemic group, N = 228), group B (prediabetes group, N = 177), and group C (diabetic group, N = 326). Coronary artery disease (CAD) severity including number of vessels affected and atherosclerotic burden by Gensini score were compared among different groups. Results The number of vessels affected as well as left main (LM) disease was higher in the prediabetes group when compared to the normoglycemic group (P,=0.001, P = 0.009, respectively) and was comparable to the diabetes group (P = 0.4, P = 0.6, respectively). Prediabetes showed a Gensini score higher than the normoglycemic group (P = 0.0001) with no significant difference when compared to the diabetic group (P = 0.9). Conclusion Prediabetes is associated with high atherosclerotic burden and coronary artery disease complexity that is similar to diabetic than normoglycemic individuals.

Published
2019
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37. LEARNING DISABILITY AND SPEECH DISORDER AMONG TODDLERS: A CASE STUDY ON KURDISH PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

Author

Areen Ahmed Muhammed

Subjects
language disability, speech disorder, kurdish toddlers, language acquisition., Language and Literature, Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091, Theory and practice of education, LB5-3640
Abstract

For decades, scholars and linguists in Iraqi Kurdistan studied on University students. However, a few types of research could be found in the area of language disability among Kurdish children. This research tried to clarify and illustrate the impact of those factors that have the main role in enhancing children and evoke them while they are in the phase of learning to talk. It also tried to show disorders as infants have, and to find out the most effective factor, which helps infants to learn to talk soon. The participants in this research were teachers at two different primary schools in Sulaymaniya. Moreover, two methods of data collection were used in this study (questionnaire and interview). Additionally, thirty teachers took part in the questionnaire; additionally, fifteen teachers took part in the demographic section and three mothers in the interview section. The finding of this research showed that toddlers had positive views about the effect of reading stories by their parents. They found that it was helpful for toddlers. In addition, the effectiveness of parents’ role on children`s talking was found out in this research. On the other hand, the impact of genders on infants was also carried out in this study. The most important finding of this research was the effectiveness of telling the original names of items to infants by their parents. In addition, mothers could positively enhance the children’s ability to talk and learn sooner than those whose parents did not talk to them much or they had quiet parents.

Published
2019
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38. Vehicle Detection for Vision-Based Intelligent Transportation Systems Using Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm

Author

Khalifa, Othman O., Wajdi, Muhammad H., Saeed, Rashid A., Hashim, Aisha H. A., Ahmed, Muhammed Z., and Ali, Elmustafa Sayed

Subjects
Neural network, Algorithm, Remote sensing -- Research -- Usage, Traffic safety -- Research -- Usage, Optical radar -- Usage, Transportation industry -- Research -- Usage, Neural networks -- Usage, Algorithms -- Research -- Usage
Abstract

Vehicle detection in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is a key factor ensuring road safety, as it is necessary for the monitoring of vehicle flow, illegal vehicle type detection, incident detection, and vehicle speed estimation. Despite the growing popularity in research, it remains a challenging problem that must be solved. Hardware-based solutions such as radars and LIDAR are been proposed but are too expensive to be maintained and produce little valuable information to human operators at traffic monitoring systems. Software based solutions using traditional algorithms such as Histogram of Gradients (HOG) and Gaussian Mixed Model (GMM) are computationally slow and not suitable for real-time traffic detection. Therefore, the paper will review and evaluate different vehicle detection methods. In addition, a method of utilizing Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used for the detection of vehicles from roadway camera outputs to apply video processing techniques and extract the desired information. Specifically, the paper utilized the YOLOv5s architecture coupled with k-means algorithm to perform anchor box optimization under different illumination levels. Results from the simulated and evaluated algorithm showed that the proposed model was able to achieve a mAP of 97.8 in the daytime dataset and 95.1 in the nighttime dataset., Author(s): Othman O. Khalifa [1,2]; Muhammad H. Wajdi [2]; Rashid A. Saeed [3]; Aisha H. A. Hashim [2]; Muhammed Z. Ahmed [4]; Elmustafa Sayed Ali (corresponding author) [5,6] 1. Introduction [...]

Published
2022
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43. Incidence and Determinants of Catheter-Related Bladder Spasms Following Transurethral Resection of the Prostate; A Prospective Review of 80 Cases.

Author

Oyelowo, Nasir, Sudi, Abdullahi, Awaisu, Mudi, Tolani, Musliu Adetola, Lawal, Ahmad Tijani, Ahmed, Muhammed, Bello, Ahmad, and Maitama, Hussaini Yusuf

Subjects
TRANSURETHRAL prostatectomy, SPASMS, BLADDER, THROMBOSIS, IMPLANTABLE catheters
Abstract

Background: Bladder spasms due to involuntary contraction of the bladder occur frequently following Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). They may be aggravated by the presence of a catheter, blood clots, preoperative overactive bladder, or preoperative ingestion of bladder stimulants like caffeine. These bladder spams are painful, associated with peri-catheter leakage of urine, increased post-operative bleeding, and often refractory to postoperative analgesia. The incidence and risk factors for the occurrence of bladder spasms following TURP need to be reviewed and validated to ensure adequate patient counseling and possible lifestyle modification before surgery. We conducted a prospective review of the determinants of bladder spasms in our patients following TURP. Methodology: The study population was patients with benign prostatic obstruction scheduled for TURP between March 2022 and April 2023. Monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate was done using a continuous flow resectoscope. The primary endpoint of the study was occurrences of bladder spasms postoperatively before the trial without a catheter. Pain perception during the spasms was assessed using a visual analog scale. Clinical data were collected and analyzed to determine their association with the occurrence of bladder spasms postoperatively using regression analysis. Sub-group analysis was also done to correlate significant variables with the severity of pain in patients with spasms. Results: The mean age of the 80 patients reviewed was 66.9 ±8 years. Bladder spasms were seen in 41(51.2%) of the patients. The presence of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and the use of bladder stimulants were statistically significant determinants with a p-value of 0.003 and 0.026 respectively. The age of the patient, preoperative indwelling catheter, prostate volume, and resection time were not statistically determinant variables in the occurrence of bladder spasms post-operatively. 61% had severe pains and 39% had mild pains. There was no significant correlation between the presence of OAB or the use of bladder stimulants with the severity of pains in patients with bladder spasms after TURP. Conclusions: Half of the patients are likely to have bladder spasms after TURP. The risk of having these spasms is higher in patients with preoperative OAB or patients who are exposed to bladder stimulants. The severity of spasms is however independent of these risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

44. Ureteric Injuries Following Obstetrics and Gynaecologic Surgeries: A Single-Center Experience

Author

Sudi, Abdullahi, Ahmed, Muhammed, Mustapha, Aisha, Mahmud, Fatima, Tolani, Musliu Adetola, Oyelowo, Nasir, Awaisu, Mudi, Lawal, Ahmad Tijjani, and Bello, Ahmad

Subjects
Ureteric Injuries, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Surgery, Iatrogenic
Abstract

Background: Ureteric injuries are not uncommon in obstetric and gynaecologic surgeries. Some specific procedures predispose to these injuries. Recognition is often delayed. This study aims to present a single-center experience on the presentation, risk factors, and management of ureteric injuries. Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed case files of patients primarily presenting or referred to our urology division with ureteric injuries following obstetrics or gynaecologic surgeries from June, 2005 to May, 2015. Data extracted included the time of presentation or recognition, the specific offending surgery, the laterality and site involved, the repair performed, and outcome. Results: Twenty-three patients had injuries (with a total of 25 ureters involved owing to 2 bilateral injuries). Caesarian-section is the commonest offending surgery in 13 (56.5%). The reasons for early recognition were sudden anuria in two and urinary leakage in the operating field in four patients constituting 26.0%, while 17 (74.0%) were recognized in the post-operative period. Urinary fistulae were the commonest presentation in 13 (76.5%) patients recognized postoperatively. Transection and ligation are the commonest mechanisms of injury. The distal third was the site involved in all patients, while ureteroneocystostomy alone was the most predominant repair in 18 (72.0%). Ureteroneocystostomy with Psoas hitch and Boari flap reconstruction was offered in six (24.0%) suggesting greater than 5cm ureteral loss. Conclusions: Ureteric injuries often occur following obstetrics and gynaecologic surgeries. Caesarian-section is the commonest predisposing surgery in our center. Prompt recognition and repair is recommended.

Published
2023

46. INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEMS AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES 'A CASE STUDY OF ASIACELL'

Author

Amanj Mohamed Ahmed and Akram Ahmed Muhammed

Subjects
internal controls, component of control, financial performance and telecommunication company in kurdistan region, Business, HF5001-6182, Economics as a science, HB71-74
Abstract

The overall objective of this study was to establish the effects of internal controls on the financial performance of Asiacell as a telecommunication company in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. This was achieved by looking at the effect of control environment, risk assessment, information and communication, control activities and monitoring on the return on asset of the selected company. The study used both primary and secondary techniques to collect the data. In the model, the dependent variable is financial performance while the independent variables are the components of internal controls. After analyzing the audited financial statements and filling the questioners by the employees of the selected company, the findings of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between internal controls and financial performance. The dependent and the independent variables in the study indicated a relationship with control environment, risk assessment. Information and communication and control activities illustrated a positive relationship with the financial performance while monitoring showed a negative relationship with financial performance. The study also found that, Asiacell had invested on effective internal control systems, thus, it had a better financial performance as compared to the related firms that had a weak internal control system. The study further recommends that the governing body, possibly supported by the audit committee, should ensure that the internal control system is periodically monitored and evaluated by the respective managers.

Published
2018
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50. 真菌由来インドールプレニル基転移酵素を用いたプレニルβ-カルボリンの酵素生成

Author

HAMDY, Sherif Ahmed Muhammed Ahmed

Abstract

富山大学・富医薬博甲第401号・Sherif Ahmed Muhammed Ahmed Hamdy・2022/08/31公表論文1.Hamdy, S.A., Kodama, T., Nakashima, Y. et al. Enzymatic formation of a prenyl β-carboline by a fungal indole prenyltransferase. J Nat Med 76, 873–879 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-022-01635-02.Sherif Ahmed Hamdy, Takeshi Kodama, Yu Nakashima, Xiaojie Han, Hiroyuki Morita,Catalytic potential of a fungal indole prenyltransferase toward β-carbolines, harmine and harman, and their prenylation effects on antibacterial activity,Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,Volume 134, Issue 4,2022,Pages 311-317,ISSN 1389-1723,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.07.004.

Published
2022

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