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Objective: to study the indicators of carnitine metabolism in young athletes of various specializations.Materials and methods: This study involved 46 people with different levels of physical activity aged 15 to 18 years. The first group consisted of 18 girls professionally involved in field hockey (mean age, 16.17 ± 0.31 years). The second group included 21 swimmers (10 girls and 11 boys, mean age 17.00 ± 0.26 years). The control group included 7 young men with a standard mode of motor activity, not involved in sports (the age of the subjects was 16 years). In the course of the study, the method of liquid tandem chromatography-mass spectrometry with ionization in an electrospray was used. The material for research is capillary blood. As a result of the analysis of the material, the concentrations of bound carnitine (acylcarnitines) and free carnitine were determined in µmol/l.Results: Comparative blood analysis between the three groups showed differences in free carnitine levels. It was shown that the concentration of free carnitine in the blood plasma of field hockey athletes was significantly lower than in the groups of swimmers and non-athletes (p < 0.001). At the same time, the values of indicators of bound carnitine did not differ significantly between all subjects. We also studied that the values of the carnitine coefficient were significantly higher in the group of hockey players compared to other groups (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The decrease in free carnitine levels in the group of hockey players is probably the result of long-term adaptation of the body to conditions in which glucose is the main energy substrate for working muscles. Further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms of development of this phenomenon.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of psychocorrection based on the methods of self­regulation in athletes.Materials and methods: the effectiveness was evaluated on 104 male athletes who had an optimal level of psychoemotional state of the body during a background examination by electroencephalography (EEG). The subjects were randomly assigned to three groups of psychocorrection: control, EEGtraining, and VR­therapy. Mathematical and statistical processing was carried out in Statistica 7.Results: the average values of the wave intensity index (WII) after psychological correction using the following methods: EEG­training and VRtherapy showed positive EEG dynamics in athletes of the second group (EEG­training) 65,6 % (21) and the third group (Vr­therapy) 73,8 % (31) of the subjects, respectively. Whereas in the control group, self­healing was recorded in 9 (30 %) athletes without psychocorrection procedures.Conclusion: the quantitative criterion of WII is a universal informative indicator of the functional activity of the brain for evaluating the effectiveness of psychocorrection aimed at optimizing the psychoemotional state. Psychocorrection of athletes using EEG­training and VR­therapy provides efficiency in 73.8 and 65.6 % of cases, which significantly softens pre­start tension as a result of reducing anxiety and restoring the psychoemotional state of the body to an optimal level by involving the psychological reserve.

Objective: assessment of the resistance of the body of athletes-divers to the hyperbaric oxygen toxicity on indicators of the heart rate variability (HRV). Materials and methods. The study involved 38 healthy athletes-divers aged 23 to 32 years. Before the session of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO), the test subject was measured the blood pressure and pulse by the method of oscillometry while he was sitting at rest, after which a five-minute recording of HRV in sitting position at rest was made. After that, the two test subjects were placed together, sitting with a physician in a pressure (decompression) chamber, where an absolute pressure of 0.25 MPa was created. The test subjects were given 100 % medical oxygen to breathe, their pulse and blood pressure were measured every 15 minutes, and their cardiac output (CO) was calculated by the Starr formula. When there was an increasing tendency of the CO, and also after 75 minutes of oxygen breathing, the test subjects were taken out of the pressure chamber. Immediately after leaving the pressure chamber, the HRV of the test subjects was recorded. According to the results of measurement of hemodynamic parameters, the test subjects were divided into 3 groups. The first group — unstable, whose CO began to increase in the first 45 minutes of HBO, the second group included those whose CO began to increase from 46 to 75 minutes, the third group included test subjects whose CO did not increase. Results. HRV analysis showed the most significant reliable (p < 0.001) VLF spectrum power (ms2) and relative VLF power (%), as well as Alpha 2 after HBO in the first group of test subjects (unstable) compared to the initial parameters and other groups, which reflects the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and suprasegmental structures of the brain. The essence of changes in the HRV time domain indicators (decrease in SNS index, pNN50 (%), PNS index) confirms the presence of pronounced sympathicotonia in the first group. Conclusions: the three most significant metrics (VLF (ms2), VLF (%) and Alpha 2) were determined with high confidence (p < 0.001), which have a moderate negative correlation (–0.70 < r < –0.30) with the level of divers’ resistance to the to the hyperbaric oxygen toxicity. Observations of athletes with high stability showed that they were characterized by changes in hemodynamics of the vagotonic type, while unstable ones were characterized by the sympathicotonic type of regulation. Evaluation of the results showed amoderate correlation between HRV and symptom of oxygen toxicity on divers and is recommended for a reliable (p < 0.05) diagnosis.

Objective: to develop an algorithm for determining the extent of surgical intervention for pain in the heel region based on a comprehensive clinical and instrumental assessment of the functional state of the lower extremities. Materials and methods: during the examination of 18 athletes with pain in the heel area, we used a thermal imaging examination (at rest and after exercise) in combination with magnetic resonance imaging data. Infrared thermography was performed using an infrared camera. Data analysis was carried out using the specialized online service tvision.pro, which allows you to track the dynamics of the patient's thermographic picture. The combination of images of thermographic and MRI studies makes it possible to assess the functional state of the structures of the heel region with the identification of the structures most involved in the pathological process. Results: based on the experience of treating athletes with pain in the heel area, we developed an algorithm for determining the extent of surgical intervention for Haglund deformity. The algorithm is based on the analysis of MRI data and their comparison with the results of the examination of the soft tissue of the heel area using functional thermal imaging. Conclusions: a comprehensive analysis of the data of thermographic and tomographic studies allows you to perform an objective assessment of the functional state of the patient based on the primary localization of the pathological process. The developed algorithm is applicable for planning the extent of surgical intervention and making a choice of preferable technique. The proposed tactic contributes to early return to competitive load. The infrared thermography technique provides important additional data on the functional state of the athlete's musculoskeletal system. It is absolutely safe for both the patient and the specialist who conducts the study.

The article reviews the existing methods of injury prevention in sport currently used in Russia and abroad. The article analyzes therapeutic exercises for injury prevention programs and the possible mechanisms of their action. The authors studied the perspectives of prophylactic exercises for injury prevention. The article presents genetic methods for musculoskeletal system injury prevention. The article raises issues of predisposition to various sports depending on the genotype. In addition, the article describes the psychological aspects of the sport injury prevention, in particular, international experience of the injury psycho-prevention in top-level sports.

Objective: to improve the methodology of timely functional body’s reserves assessment, to reduce the probability of an infectious disease in divers during the training and competition period in the countries with severe climate. Materials and methods: We performed the mathematical and statistical analysis of the examination data and the frequency of infectious diseases in 2018-2019 in 47 male divers (mean age 30,5±3,56). Th e study involved volumetric compression oscillometry (VKO) and heart rate variability (HRV). Results: in the volumetric compression oscillometry and heart rate variability analysis, we determined the most signifi cant (p

The article identifies areas of joint activities and mechanisms of interaction of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) and Federal Medical and Biology Agency (FMBA of Russia), their territorial bodies and institutions in the event of radiation accidents. Extensive practical experience gained by specialists of FMBA of Russia and Rospotrebnadzor, was the basis for the development of the draft of Concept “Organization of radiation and hygienic measures in emergency situations of a radiation nature and coordination the activities of forces and means of FMBA of Russia and Rospotrebnadzor organizations and institutions” (2018). The article presents the main provisions of the draft document, which, after discussion and refinement, as the authors hope, this publication will contribute, draft of Concept can be submitted for approval. The modern infrastructure of Rospotrebnadzor and FMBA of Russia has all the necessary elements and prerequisites for coordinated work of expert support groups, use of the mobile specialized radiation-hygienic teams in emergency situations. The possible types of radiation accidents that may require joint activities of the bodies and institutions of Rospotrebnadzor and FMBA of Russia are considered. In the initial period of a radiation accident in conditions of large uncertainties related to the assessment of the radiation situation and doses on personnel and the public, it is necessary to ensure operative preparedness of consolidated proposals on making decisions on a complex of sanitary, hygienic, anti-epidemic and protective measures. Much attention is paid to mutual notification and information interaction. An important element in ensuring emergency preparedness, working out algorithms of the interaction of management bodies and practical skills of the personnel of Rospotrebnadzor and FMBA of Russia is the joint planning, organization and conduct of training and exercises.

The article is dedicated to the cryptography attack on Bluetooth handsfree headset. The authors describe the situation when hackers could eavesdrop mobile phones talks if a person is using the Bluetooth headset. The vulnerability in the authentication process allows hackers to crack PIN code and to decipher the packets transmitted between the headset and the mobile phone.

Total knee replacement (TKR) surgery has been performed in increasing number of patients in recent years. Postoperative complicationsoften occur despite the improvement of the technique for performing this surgical intervention. All of the above confirms the need forthe development and implementation of modern rehabilitation programs for patients after TKR.Aim. To substantiate scientifically the feasibility of the combined use of cryotherapy and electrical stimulation in patients after TKR.Material and methods. We examined 90 patients who were admitted 3 months after TKR and were randomized into 3 groups. In thefirst group – 30 subjects received electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles and carried out therapeutic exercises for a course of10 procedures. In the second group – 30 subjects received electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles and air cryotherapy, performedtherapeutic exercises for a course of 10 procedures. In the third group – 30 people were given physical therapy classes only.Results. From the standpoint of the ICF, it has been proven that the physical factors application in the complex treatment of the abovepatients’ category contributes to the improvement of “b 710 – the function of joint mobility”. This is confirmed by the operated jointfunction improvement according to the KSS scale, microcirculation state enhancement, and the decrease in pain syndrome accordingto the VAS. The mobility level advance was revealed when evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed rehabilitation programs in thedomain “d 450-walking” based on the ICF. When assessing the domain “d 5-self-service”, the HAQ questionnaire data indicate an increasein the ability to perform most activities in everyday life. However, more statistically significant results were obtained in patients aftera course of quadriceps electrical stimulation, air cryotherapy and therapeutic exercises.

Background: Tracking the migration pathways of living cells after their introduction into a patient’s body is a topical issue in the field of cell therapy. Questions related to studying the possibility of long-term intravital biodistribution of mesenchymal stromal cells in the body currently remain open. Methods: Forty-nine laboratory animals were used in the study. Modeling of local radiation injuries was carried out, and the dynamics of the distribution of mesenchymal stromal cells labeled with [89Zr]Zr-oxine in the rat body were studied. Results: the obtained results of the labelled cell distribution allow us to assume that this procedure could be useful for visualization of local radiation injury using positron emission tomography. However, further research is needed to confirm this assumption. Conclusions: intravenous injection leads to the initial accumulation of cells in the lungs and their subsequent redistribution to the liver, spleen, and kidneys. When locally injected into tissues, mesenchymal stromal cells are not distributed systemically in significant quantities.

159 highly skilled athletes were surveyed in the pre-competition period of sports training. A comparative assessment of the energy value and chemical composition of athletes diets on the basis of the questionnaire method of 24-hour (daily) reproduction of nutrition showed significant variability and dependence on the type of sports specialization of activities and gender of athletes. In particular, statistically significant (p

The purpose of this research was to study the structure of the shifts in the blood oxidative metabolism in professional athletes. Materials and Methods: The study included 262 highly qualified athletes (Group 1) aged between 19 and 29 years. The control group (Group 2) consisted of healthy untrained volunteers of similar age. In blood plasma, we estimated the levels of 8-isoprostane, ox-LDL, alpha- and beta-carotene, alpha- and gamma-tocopherols, and tissue-specific antioxidants (lycopine, luteine and zeaxantine) and the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Results: Thus, in qualified athletes, characteristic changes in the state of oxidative metabolism, concerning the components of the pro- and antioxidant systems, were determined; however, the inhomogeneity of these metabolic transformations attracts attention. The revealed regularity allows confirming the previously stated hypothesis about the heterogeneity of shifts in oxidative metabolism in professional athletes, which suggests different approaches to their correction.

Achilles tendon injury frequency increases. The lack of standardized methods of rehabilitation after surgery on the Achilles tendon leading to increased risk of repeat injury tendon and reduces the possibility return to physical activity. Recovery of function the main task of rehabilitation programs, especially when working with athletes. We have a program of rehabilitation of 147 patients was per- formed after surgery on the Achilles tendon, which began from the first day after the operation and was as much as possible early onset of axial load.

BackgroundNosocomial CNS infection (NI-CNS) is a common and serious complication in neurocritical care patients. Timely, accurate diagnosis of NI-CNS is crucial, yet current infection markers lack specificity and/or sensitivity. Presepsin (PSP) is a novel biomarker of macrophage activation. Its utility in NI-CNS has not been explored. We first determined the normal range of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PSP in a control group without brain injury before collecting data on CSF PSP levels in neurocritical care patients. Samples were analyzed in four groups defined by systemic and neurological infection status.ResultsCSF PSP levels in 15 control patients without neurological injury were 50–100 pg/ml. Ninety-seven CSF samples were collected from 21 neurocritical care patients. In patients without NI-CNS or systemic infection, CSF PSP was 340.4 ± 201.1 pg/ml. Isolated NI-CNS was associated with CSF PSP levels of 640.8 ± 235.5 pg/ml, while levels in systemic infection without NI-CNS were 580.1 ± 329.7 pg/ml. Patients with both NI-CNS and systemic infection had CSF PSP levels of 1,047.7 ± 166.2 pg/ml. In neurocritical care patients without systemic infection, a cut-off value of 321 pg/ml gives sensitivity and specificity for NI-CNS of 100 and 58.3%, respectively.ConclusionCSF PSP may prove useful in diagnosing NI-CNS, but its current utility is as an additional marker only.