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In this work we consider the instant-form and light-front quantization of some field theories. As an example, we consider a class of gauged non-linear sigmamodels with different regularizations. In particular, we present the path integral quantization of the gauged non-linear sigma model in the Faddeevian regularization. We also make a comparision of the possible differences in the instant-form and light-front quantization at appropriate places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, using the new type of D-dimensional nonperturbative Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) which has predicted both a minimal length uncertainty and a maximal observable momentum,1 first, we obtain the maximally localized states and express their connections to [P. Pedram, Phys. Lett. B 714, 317 (2012)]. Then, in the context of our proposed GUP and using the generalized Schrödinger equation, we solve some important problems including particle in a box and one-dimensional hydrogen atom. Next, implying modified Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization, we obtain energy spectra of quantum harmonic oscillator and quantum bouncer. Finally, as an example, we investigate some statistical properties of a free particle, including partition function and internal energy, in the presence of the mentioned GUP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that our recent Bohr-like approach to black hole (BH) quantum physics implies that spacetime quantization could be energy-dependent. Thus, in a certain sense, spacetime can be neither discrete nor continuous. Our approach also permits to show that the 'volume quantum' of the Schwarzschild spacetime increases with increasing energy during BH evaporation and arrives at a maximum value when the Planck scale is reached and the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) prevents the total BH evaporation. Remarkably, this result does not depend on the BH original mass. The interesting consequence is that the behavior of BH evaporation should be the same for all Schwarzschild BHs when the Planck scale is approached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nonaqueous reversed phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method has been developed for extremely hydrophobic MPCs (monolayer-protected clusters), and has been applied to the efficient separation of gold–dodecanethiolate (ddt) assemblies, leading to the identification of three dodecanethiolate-protected gold clusters, Au130(ddt)50, Au137(ddt)56, and Au144(ddt)60, as prominent components of a commercial product of nominally 2 nm (core-diameter) protected gold nanoparticles obtained from nanoComposix, Inc. Various components were separated, according to hydrophobic character, using a linear gradient of methanol–dichloromethane mobile phases, on a C18 HPLC column. Varying concentrations of mobile-phase modifier (triethylammonium acetate) were compared for effect on chromatographic peak shape and cluster retention. Positive electrospray ionization (ESI) was used to ionize all components in the sample. LC separation prior to inline + ESI-MS detection facilitated sample analysis via production of simplified mass spectra for each eluting cluster species and provided insight into the relative polarity of the clusters shown here. UV–vis detection facilitated method development and allowed determination of nonionizing, and/or polydisperse components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wheeler-DeWitt equation was proposed 50 years ago and until now it is the cornerstone of most approaches to quantization of gravity. One can find in the literature, the opinion that the Wheeler-DeWitt equation is even more fundamental than the basic equation of quantum theory, the Schrödinger equation. We still should remember that we are in the situation when no observational data can confirm or reject the fundamental status of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, so we can give just indirect arguments in favor of or against it, grounded on mathematical consistency and physical relevance. I shall present the analysis of the situation and comparison of the standard Wheeler-DeWitt approach with the extended phase space approach to quantization of gravity. In my analysis, I suppose, first, that a future quantum theory of gravity must be applicable to all phenomena from the early universe to quantum effects in strong gravitational fields, in the latter case, the state of the observer (the choice of a reference frame) may appear to be significant. Second, I suppose that the equation for the wave function of the universe must not be postulated but derived by means of a mathematically consistent procedure, which exists in path integral quantization. When applying this procedure to any gravitating system, one should take into account features of gravity, namely, nontrivial spacetime topology and possible absence of asymptotic states. The Schrödinger equation has been derived early for cosmological models with a finite number of degrees of freedom, and just recently it has been found for the spherically symmetric model which is a simplest model with an infinite number of degrees of freedom. The structure of the Schrödinger equation and its general solution appears to be very similar in these cases. The obtained results give grounds to say that the Schrödinger equation retains its fundamental meaning in constructing quantum theory of gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The QCD light-front Hamiltonian equation HLFΨ=M2Ψ derived from quantization at fixed LF time τ=t  +  z/c provides a causal, frame-independent method for computing hadron spectroscopy as well as dynamical observables such as structure functions, transverse momentum distributions, and distribution amplitudes. The QCD Lagrangian with zero quark mass has no explicit mass scale. de Alfaro, Fubini, and Furlan (dAFF) have made an important observation that a mass scale can appear in the equations of motion without affecting the conformal invariance of the action if one adds a term to the Hamiltonian proportional to the dilatation operator or the special conformal operator. If one applies the dAFF procedure to the QCD light-front Hamiltonian, it leads to a color-confining potential κ4ζ2 for mesons, where ζ2 is the LF radial variable conjugate to the qq¯ invariant mass squared. The same result, including spin terms, is obtained using light-front holography, the duality between light-front dynamics and AdS5, if one modifies the AdS5 action by the dilaton eκ2z2 in the fifth dimension z. When one generalizes this procedure using superconformal algebra, the resulting light-front eigensolutions provide a unified Regge spectroscopy of meson, baryon, and tetraquarks, including remarkable supersymmetric relations between the masses of mesons and baryons and a universal Regge slope. The pion qq¯ eigenstate has zero mass at mq=0. The superconformal relations also can be extended to heavy-light quark mesons and baryons. This approach also leads to insights into the physics underlying hadronization at the amplitude level. I will also discuss the remarkable features of the Poincaré invariant, causal vacuum defined by light-front quantization and its impact on the interpretation of the cosmological constant. AdS/QCD also predicts the analytic form of the nonperturbative running coupling αs(Q2)∝e-Q2/4κ2. The mass scale κ underlying hadron masses can be connected to the parameter ΛMS¯ in the QCD running coupling by matching the nonperturbative dynamics to the perturbative QCD regime. The result is an effective coupling αs(Q2) defined at all momenta. One obtains empirically viable predictions for spacelike and timelike hadronic form factors, structure functions, distribution amplitudes, and transverse momentum distributions. Finally, I address the interesting question of whether the momentum sum rule is valid for nuclear structure functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with nonthermal radiation spectrum by tunnelling mechanism with correction due to the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) in the background of noncommutative geometry. Considering the reformulation of the tunnelling mechanism by Banerjee and Majhi, the Hawking radiation spectrum is evaluated through the density matrix for the outgoing modes. The GUP corrected effective temperature and the corresponding GUP corrected effective metric in noncommutative geometry are determined using Hawking’s periodicity arguments. Thus, we obtain further corrections to the nonstrictly thermal black hole (BH) radiation spectrum which give new final distributions. Then, we show that the GUP and the noncommutative geometry modify the Bohr-like BH recently discussed in a series of papers in the literature. In particular, we find the intriguing result that the famous law of Bekenstein on the area quantization is affected neither by noncommutative geometry nor by the GUP. This is a clear indication of the universality of Bekenstein’s result. In addition, we find that both the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the total BH entropy to third-order approximation are still functions of the BH quantum level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the classical geometric flow as a dynamical system. We obtain an action for this system, such that its equation of motion is the Raychaudhuri equation. This action will be used to quantize this system. As the Raychaudhuri equation is the basis for deriving the singularity theorems, we will be able to understand the effects and such a quantization will have on the classical singularity theorems. Thus, quantizing the geometric flow, we can demonstrate that a quantum space-time is complete (nonsingular). This is because the existence of a conjugate point is a necessary condition for the occurrence of singularities, and we will be able to demonstrate that such conjugate points cannot occur due to such quantum effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractal self-similarity of hadron interactions demonstrated by the -scaling of inclusive spectra is studied. The scaling regularity reflects fractal structure of the colliding hadrons (or nuclei) and takes into account general features of fragmentation processes expressed by fractal dimensions. The self-similarity variable is a function of the momentum fractions and of the colliding objects carried by the interacting hadron constituents and depends on the momentum fractions and of the scattered and recoil constituents carried by the inclusive particle and its recoil counterpart, respectively. Based on entropy principle, new properties of the -scaling concept are found. They are conservation of fractal cumulativity in hadron interactions and quantization of fractal dimensions characterizing hadron structure and fragmentation processes at a constituent level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article, alternatives to impurity doping in nanoscale field‐effect transistors (FETs) are investigated. The discussion is based on conventional and tunnel FETs. The impact of dopant deactivation due to dielectric mismatch or quantization, random dopant effects, and the degeneracy level on the performance is discussed. As alternatives metal‐semiconductor‐contacts, gate‐controlled doping and an interface engineering approach are studied. One of the main requirements for proper device functionality is the existence of a band gap in the contacts. Thus, metal‐semiconductor contacts are less suited since they lead to ambipolar operation with increased leakage and to a deteriorated on‐state performance. With gate‐controlled doping, electrodes areused to create doped regions leaving behind a pristine band gap. Moreover, it enables reconfigurable devices with nFET, pFET and tunnel FET operation. Furthermore, with multiple nanoscale gates, electrostatic doping allows manipulating the potential within the device on the nanoscale. Experimental demonstrations of such devices with triple‐gates and multiple gate structures are presented. Finally, the interface engineering approach allows combining a metallic contact electrode with an almost unmodified band gap in the source/drain contacts by adjusting an ultrathin insulator in‐between metal and semiconductor yielding quasi‐doped contacts whose polarity depends on the work function of contact metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution provides a validation to the earlier proposal of hadron mass quantization in the units of 70 MeV mass quanta. The linear experimental Hadronic Regge Trajectories constructed from the recent 2014 Particle Data Group Listings serve as a prominent tool in solving the Hadronic mass spectrum mystery. Application of the Barut's solution to relativistic Balmer formula helps in deriving quark masses for mesons and baryons. This astonishingly produces the quark masses very close the 70 MeV mass quanta, which turns out to be the mass quantum for buliding hadrons. The slight deviation from this mass quantization is also evidently explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a dual quantization lateral-axis capacitive electromechanical sigma–delta modulator (EM- \Sigma \Delta \mathrm M ) vibratory wheel gyroscope under mode-matched condition. A symmetric wheel gyroscope structure was designed, fabricated, and wafer-level packaged under vacuum. The EM- \Sigma \Delta \mathrm M interface loop adopts a fourth-order multifeedback and local resonator \Sigma \Delta \mathrm M noise shaping structure, taking advantage of single-bit and multibit quantization in a single-loop modulator. To evaluate the influence of quantization noise, various numbers of bits of the multibit quantizator were compared and the optimal number of bits was calculated. The interface circuit system was implemented in hardware based on a low-noise front-end application-specified integrated circuit and a back-end discrete-time EM- \Sigma \Delta \mathrm M realized in a field-programmable gate array chip. The system clock was generated using a self-clocking scheme, which allows interfacing to gyroscope with a wide range of drive frequencies. Experimental evaluation indicated that the digital gyroscope system achieved a scale factor of 2073LSB(4.1 mV)/deg/s, with a nonlinearity of 0.046%, a noise floor of 3.1 m°/s/ $\surd $ Hz within a bandwidth of 100 Hz, and a bias instability of 1.3 deg/hr. [2017-0081] [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We study the Dirac and the chargeless Klein–Gordon–Fock equations in the geometry of Grumiller’s spacetime that describes a model for gravity of a central object at large distances. The Dirac equation is separated into radial and angular equations by adopting the Newman–Penrose formalism. The angular part of the both wave equations are analytically solved. For the radial equations, we managed to reduce them to one dimensional Schrödinger-type wave equations with their corresponding effective potentials. Fermions’s potentials are numerically analyzed by serving their some characteristic plots. We also compute the quasinormal frequencies of the chargeless and massive scalar waves. With the aid of those quasinormal frequencies, Bekenstein’s area conjecture is tested for the Grumiller black hole. Thus, the effects of the Rindler acceleration on the waves of fermions and scalars are thoroughly analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study Tamm plasmon structure based on GaAs/Al0.95GaAs distributed Bragg reflector covered by thin silver layer, with active area formed by InAs quantum dots. We have measured the spectral and angular characteristics of photoluminescence and performed theoretical calculation of the spontaneous emission rate (modal Purcell factor) in the structure by using S-quantization formalism. We show that for Tamm plasmon mode the spontaneous emission can be enhanced by more than an order of magnitude, despite absorption in metallic layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the field equations for a flat FRW cosmological model, given by Eq. (??), in an a priori generic gravity model and cast them into a, completely normalized and dimensionless, system of ODEs for the scale factor and the function , with respect to the scalar curvature . It is shown that under reasonable assumptions, namely for power-law functional form for the gravity model, one can produce simple analytical and numerical solutions describing bouncing cosmological models where in addition there are late-time accelerating. The power-law form for the gravity model is typically considered in the literature as the most concrete, reasonable, practical and viable assumption [see S. D. Odintsov and V. K. Oikonomou, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 124083, arXiv:1410.8183 [gr-qc]]. However even without assuming a power-law form for the gravity model, the formulation of the field equations, that is suggested in this paper, is according to the author's viewpoint quite generic in order to analyze the resulting field equations, without any further assumptions. Possibility of extending these results is briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss a link between symplectic displacement energy, a fundamental notion of symplectic topology, and the quantum speed limit, a universal constraint on the speed of quantum-mechanical processes. The link is provided by the quantum-classical correspondence formalized within the framework of the Berezin-Toeplitz quantization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearest neighbor search is a problem of finding the data points from the database such that the distances from them to the query point are the smallest. Learning to hash is one of the major solutions to this problem and has been widely studied recently. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the learning to hash algorithms, categorize them according to the manners of preserving the similarities into: pairwise similarity preserving, multiwise similarity preserving, implicit similarity preserving, as well as quantization, and discuss their relations. We separate quantization from pairwise similarity preserving as the objective function is very different though quantization, as we show, can be derived from preserving the pairwise similarities. In addition, we present the evaluation protocols, and the general performance analysis, and point out that the quantization algorithms perform superiorly in terms of search accuracy, search time cost, and space cost. Finally, we introduce a few emerging topics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We present a tool called A rrangement of I nterface D islocation A rrays (AIDA) for enumerating all dislocation networks that satisfy the quantized Frank-Bilby equation for any interface between cubic crystals with a single-atom basis, i.e. FCC/FCC, BCC/BCC, and FCC/BCC interfaces. The set of enumerated solutions is exhaustive in the sense that AIDA accounts for all independent combinations of symmetry operations of the neighboring crystals and it scans over combinations of Burgers vectors drawn from a predefined set of admissible vectors for each crystal. This tool may be used to deduce the range of dislocation-based representations of an interface given its crystallographic character and a predefined set of admissible Burgers vectors. It may also be used in conjunction with electron microscopy or atomistic modeling for the identification and analysis of interface defect structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a new method to study electrical circuits at quantum nanoscale by introducing a heat momentum operator which reproduces quantum effects similar to those obtained in Suykens's nonlocal-in-time kinetic energy approach for the case of reversible motion. The series expansion of the heat momentum operator is similar to the momentum operator obtained in the framework of minimal length phenomenologies characterized by the deformation of Heisenberg algebra. The quantization of both LC and mesoscopic circuits revealed a number of motivating features like the emergence of a generalized uncertainty relation and a minimal charge similar to those obtained in the framework of minimal length theories. Additional features were obtained and discussed accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the theory of an open parafermionic string between two parallel D p-, D q-branes in Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz sectors. Trilinear commutation relations between the string variables are postulated and the corresponding ones in terms of modes are derived. The analysis of the spectrum shows that one can again have a free tachyon Neveu-Schwarz model for some values of the order of the paraquantization associated to some values of p and q. The consistency of this model requires the calculation of the partition function and its confrontation with the results of the degeneracies. A perfect agreement between the two results is obtained and the closure of the Virasoro superalgebra is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Room temperature quantized double layer charging was observed in 2 nm Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) quantum dots. In addition to this we observed a distinct non-linearity in the quantized double layer charging arising from UV light modulation of double layer. UV light irradiation resulted in a 26% increase in the integral capacitance at the semiconductor-dielectric (CZTS-oleylamine) interface of the quantum dot without any change in its core size suggesting that the cause be photocapacitive. The increasing charge separation at the semiconductor-dielectric interface due to highly stable and mobile photogenerated carriers cause larger electrostatic forces between the quantum dot and electrolyte leading to an enhanced double layer. This idea was supported by a decrease in the differential capacitance possible due to an enhanced double layer. Furthermore the UV illumination enhanced double layer gives us an AC excitation dependent differential double layer capacitance which confirms that the charging process is non-linear. This ultimately illustrates the utility of a colloidal quantum dot-electrolyte interface as a non-linear photocapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the quantization of Hitchin systems in terms of β-deformations of generalized matrix models related to conformal blocks of Liouville theory on punctured Riemann surfaces. We show that in a suitable limit, corresponding to the Nekrasov-Shatashvili one, the loop equations of the matrix model reproduce the Hamiltonians of the quantum Hitchin system on the sphere and the torus with marked points. The eigenvalues of these Hamiltonians are shown to be the ϵ1-deformation of the chiral observables of the corresponding N=2 four dimensional gauge theory. Moreover, we find the exact wave-functions in terms of the matrix model representation of the conformal blocks with degenerate field insertions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of quantum gravity theories rarely takes inputs from experimental physics. In this letter, we take a small step towards correcting this by establishing a paradigm for incorporating putative quantum corrections, arising from canonical quantum gravity (QG) theories, in deriving falsifiable modified dispersion relations (MDRs) for particles on a deformed Minkowski space–time. This allows us to differentiate and, hopefully, pick between several quantization choices via testable, state-of-the-art phenomenological predictions. Although a few explicit examples from loop quantum gravity (LQG) (such as the regularization scheme used or the representation of the gauge group) are shown here to establish the claim, our framework is more general and is capable of addressing other quantization ambiguities within LQG and also those arising from other similar QG approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work presents the design and characterization of planar discrete lens antennas (TA Transmit-Array antennas) based on a simple tri-layer elementary cell operating in the 10-GHz band. The structure of the proposed elementary cell allows 1-bit and 2-bit phase quantization and easy fabrication with a simple printed-circuit board. The linear/circular polarization can be generated with 1-bit/2-bit configuration. The elementary cell consists of two C-slot loaded patch antennas interconnected by a metalized via hole. The simulation of the elementary cell has been validated by the measurement that confirmed a good accord in terms of return loss (10 dB-bandwidth is equal to 9%) and insertion loss (0.35 dB at 10 GHz). The linearly-polarized transmit-array achieves a maximum directivity of 25.1 dBi and a gain of 22.7 dBi. The 1-dB gain bandwidth is up to 9.6% around 9.8 GHz with 56.3% of radiation efficiency. Beam-steering up to 30° is achieved by tilting the focal source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose and demonstrate an approach that can achieve high-resolution quantization by employing soliton self-frequency shift and spectral compression. Our approach is based on a bi-directional comb-fiber architecture which is composed of a Sagnac-loop-based mirror and a comb-like combination of N sections of interleaved single-mode fibers and high nonlinear fibers. The Sagnac-loop-based mirror placed at the terminal of a bus line reflects the optical pulses back to the bus line to achieve additional N-stage spectral compression, thus single-stage soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) and ( 2 N − 1 )-stage spectral compression are realized in the bi-directional scheme. The fiber length in the architecture is numerically optimized, and the proposed quantization scheme is evaluated by both simulation and experiment in the case of N = 2 . In the experiment, a quantization resolution of 6.2 bits is obtained, which is 1.2-bit higher than that of its uni-directional counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These notes are an expanded version of a mini-course given at the Poisson 2016 conference in Geneva. Starting from classical integrable systems in the sense of Liouville, we explore the notion of non-degenerate singularities and expose recent research in connection with semi-toric systems. The quantum and semiclassical counterparts are also presented, in the viewpoint of the inverse question: from the quantum mechanical spectrum, can one recover the classical system? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We survey the theory of Poisson traces (or zeroth Poisson homology) developed by the authors in a series of recent papers. The goal is to understand this subtle invariant of (singular) Poisson varieties, conditions for it to be finite-dimensional, its relationship to the geometry and topology of symplectic resolutions, and its applications to quantizations. The main technique is the study of a canonical D-module on the variety. In the case the variety has finitely many symplectic leaves (such as for symplectic singularities and Hamiltonian reductions of symplectic vector spaces by reductive groups), the D-module is holonomic, and hence, the space of Poisson traces is finite-dimensional. As an application, there are finitely many irreducible finite-dimensional representations of every quantization of the variety. Conjecturally, the D-module is the pushforward of the canonical D-module under every symplectic resolution of singularities, which implies that the space of Poisson traces is dual to the top cohomology of the resolution. We explain many examples where the conjecture is proved, such as symmetric powers of du Val singularities and symplectic surfaces and Slodowy slices in the nilpotent cone of a semisimple Lie algebra. We compute the D-module in the case of surfaces with isolated singularities and show it is not always semisimple. We also explain generalizations to arbitrary Lie algebras of vector fields, connections to the Bernstein–Sato polynomial, relations to two-variable special polynomials such as Kostka polynomials and Tutte polynomials, and a conjectural relationship with deformations of symplectic resolutions. In the appendix we give a brief recollection of the theory of D-modules on singular varieties that we require. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the algebraic quantization of a real, massive scalar field in the Poincaré patch of the -dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime, with arbitrary boundary conditions. By using the functional formalism, we show that it is always possible to associate to such system an algebra of observables enjoying the standard properties of causality, time-slice axiom and F-locality. In addition, we characterize the wavefront set of the ground state associated to the system under investigation. As a consequence, we are able to generalize the definition of Hadamard states and construct a global algebra of Wick polynomials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide a short proof of the quantization of the Hall conductance for gapped interacting quantum lattice systems on the twodimensional torus. This is not new and should be seen as an adaptation of the proof of Hastings and Michalakis (Commun Math Phys 334:433-471, 2015), simplified by making the stronger assumption that the Hamiltonian remains gapped when threading the torus with fluxes. We argue why this assumption is very plausible. The conductance is given by Berry's curvature and our key auxiliary result is that the curvature is asymptotically constant across the torus of fluxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With growing demand for energy, power generated in renewable sources at vari-ous locations are distributed throughout the power grid. The power grid known as the smart grid needs to monitor power generation and its smart distribution. Smart meters provide solutions for monitoring power over smart grids. Smart meters need to continuously log data and at every source there is a large amount of data generated that needs to be compressed for both storage and transmission over the smart grid. In this paper, a novel algorithm for PQ data compression is proposed that uses the Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) for sub-band computation and a modified quantizer is designed to reduce sub-band coefficient limits to less than 4 bits. The Run Length Encoding (RLC) and Huffman Coding algorithm encode the data further to achieve compression. The performance metrics such as a peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and compression ratio (CR) are used for evaluation and it is found that the modified DTCWT (MDTCWT) improves PSNR by a factor of 3% and the mean squared error (MSE) by a factor of 16% as compared with the DTCWT based PQ compression algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to spell out more explicitly than has been done previously the connection between two types of formal correspondence that arise in the study of quantum-classical relations: one the one hand, deformation quantization and the associated continuity between quantum and classical algebras of observables in the limit ħ→0, and, on the other, a certain generalization of Ehrenfest’s Theorem and the result that expectation values of position and momentum evolve approximately classically for narrow wave packet states. While deformation quantization establishes a direct continuity between the abstract algebras of quantum and classical observables, the latter result makes in-eliminable reference to the quantum and classical state spaces on which these structures act—specifically, via restriction to narrow wave packet states. Here, we describe a certain geometrical re-formulation and extension of the result that expectation values evolve approximately classically for narrow wave packet states, which relies essentially on the postulates of deformation quantization, but describes a relationship between the actions of quantum and classical algebras and groups over their respective state spaces that is non-trivially distinct from deformation quantization. The goals of the discussion are partly pedagogical in that it aims to provide a clear, explicit synthesis of known results; however, the particular synthesis offered aspires to some novelty in its emphasis on a certain general type of mathematical and physical relationship between the state spaces of different models that represent the same physical system, and in the explicitness with which it details the above-mentioned connection between quantum and classical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the quantum theory of the Penning trap in terms of individualxandyradial modes of the motion of a single charged particle in the trap, and demonstrate how the conventional rotating frame used to examine these individual dynamics fails in the quantum regime. In solving the radial Hamiltonian in thebasis, we show how canonical transformation of the variables must take placeafterquantization, in order that these separate motions can be consistently tracked. This is in contrast to previous work. The results of the discussion lend themselves to a fully quantum treatment of mode coupling in the trap, leading to an avoided crossing between the coupled energy levels of the system. Exploiting the algebraic structure of the problem allows employment of a dressed-atom formalism within quantum Penning trap theory, and future applications resulting from this are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Quantum states have been calculated analytically; the dynamics of a wave packet in a magnetic field has been investigated, and the optical absorption coefficient has been calculated for surface states in 3D topological insulators of the Bi2Te3 family. We have detected a qualitative effect of the hexagonal warping of the spectrum on the structure of wavefunctions at the Landau levels, its manifestation in the features of the wave packet dynamics in a quantizing magnetic field, as well as in the frequency dependence of the optical absorption coefficient, in which new peaks that are absent in the isotropic model of the spectrum appear depending on the polarization of the incident wave. The effects considered here can be manifested in the optical and transport experiments with topological insulators, which makes it possible to determine the parameters of their band structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct a prequantum 2-Hilbert space for any line bundle gerbe whose Dixmier-Douady class is torsion. Analogously to usual prequantization, this 2-Hilbert space has the category of sections of the line bundle gerbe as its underlying 2-vector space. These sections are obtained as certain morphism categories in Waldorf's version of the 2-category of line bundle gerbes. We show that these morphism categories carry a monoidal structure under which they are semisimple and abelian. We introduce a dual functor on the sections, which yields a closed structure on the morphisms between bundle gerbes and turns the category of sections into a 2-Hilbert space. We discuss how these 2-Hilbert spaces fit various expectations from higher prequantization. We then extend the transgression functor to the full 2-category of bundle gerbes and demonstrate its compatibility with the additional structures introduced. We discuss various aspects of Kostant-Souriau prequantization in this setting, including its dimensional reduction to ordinary prequantization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The so-called copy-move forgery, based on copying an object and pasting in another location of the same image, is a common way to manipulate image content. In this paper, we address the problem of copy-move forgery detection in JPEG images. The main problem with JPEG compression is that the same pixels, after moving to a different position and storing in the JPEG format, have different values. The majority of existing algorithms is based on matching pairs of similar patches, which generates many false matches. In many cases they cannot be eliminated by postprocessing, causing the failure of detection. To overcome this problem, we derive a JPEG-based constraint that any pair of patches must satisfy to be considered a valid candidate and propose an efficient algorithm to verify the constraint. The constraint can be integrated into most existing methods. Experiments show significant improvement of detection, especially for difficult cases, such as small objects, objects covered by textureless areas and repeated patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electric vehicle (EV) flexibility, indicates to what extent the charging load can be coordinated (i.e., to flatten the load curve or to utilize renewable energy resources). However, such flexibility is neither well analyzed nor effectively quantified in literature. In this paper we fill this gap and offer an extensive analysis of the flexibility characteristics of 390k EV charging sessions and propose measures to quantize their flexibility exploitation. Our contributions include: (1) characterization of the EV charging behavior by clustering the arrival and departure time combinations that leads to the identification of type of EV charging behavior, (2) in-depth analysis of the characteristics of the charging sessions in each behavioral cluster and investigation of the influence of weekdays and seasonal changes on those characteristics including arrival, sojourn and idle times, and (3) proposing measures and an algorithm to quantitatively analyze how much flexibility (in terms of duration and amount) is used at various times of a day, for two representative scenarios. Understanding the characteristics of that flexibility (e.g., amount, time and duration of availability) and when it is used (in terms of both duration and amount) helps to develop more realistic price and incentive schemes in DR algorithms to efficiently exploit the offered flexibility or to estimate when to stimulate additional flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thin film of superfluid 3He on a corrugated graphene substrate represents topological matter with a smooth disorder. It is possible that the atomically smooth disorder produced by the corrugated graphene does not destroy the superfluidity even in a very thin film, where the system can be considered as quasi two-dimensional topological material. This will allow us to study the effect of disorder on different classes of the 2 + 1 topological materials: the chiral 3He-A with intrinsic quantum Hall effect and the time reversal invariant planar phase with intrinsic spin quantum Hall effect. In the limit of smooth disorder, the system can be considered as a Chern mosaic, i.e., a collection of domains with different values of Chern numbers. In this limit, the quantization of the Hall conductance is determined by the percolated domain, while the density of the fermionic states is determined by the edge modes on the boundaries of the finite domains. This system can be useful for the general consideration of disorder in the topological matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the fabrication of electrostatically defined nanostructures in encapsulated bilayer graphene, with leakage resistances below depletion gates as high as R ~ 10 GΩ. This exceeds previously reported values of R = 10-100 kΩ.1-3 We attribute this improvement to the use of a graphite back gate. We realize two split gate devices which define an electronic channel on the scale of the Fermi-wavelength. A channel gate covering the gap between the split gates varies the charge carrier density in the channel. We observe device-dependent conductance quantization of ΔG = 2e²/h and ΔG = 4e²/h. In quantizing magnetic fields normal to the sample plane, we recover the four-fold Landau level degeneracy of bilayer graphene. Unexpected mode crossings appear at the crossover between zero magnetic field and the quantum Hall regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a compact diffractive silicon-based multilevel phase Fresnel lens (MPFL) with up to 50 mm in diameter and a numerical aperture up to 0.86 designed and fabricated for compact terahertz (THz) imaging systems. The laser direct writing technology based on a picosecond laser was used to fabricate diffractive optics on silicon with a different number of phase quantization levels P reaching an almost kinoform spherical surface needed for efficient THz beam focusing. Focusing performance was investigated by measuring Gaussian beam intensity distribution in the focal plane and along the optical axis of the lens. The beam waist and the focal depth for each MPFL were evaluated. The influence of the phase quantization number on the focused beam amplitude was estimated, and the power transmission efficiency reaching more than 90% was revealed. The THz imaging of less than 1 mm using a robust 50 mm diameter multilevel THz lens was achieved and demonstrated at 580 GHz frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this series of papers, we investigate the projective framework initiated by Kijowski (1977) and Okołów (2009, 2014, 2013) [1,2] , which describes the states of a quantum theory as projective families of density matrices. A short reading guide to the series can be found in Lanéry (2016). A strategy to implement the dynamics in this formalism was presented in our first paper Lanéry and Thiemann (2017) (see also Lanéry, 2016, section 4), which we now test in two simple toy-models. The first one is a very basic linear model, meant as an illustration of the general procedure, and we will only discuss it at the classical level. In the second one, we reformulate the Schrödinger equation, treated as a classical field theory, within this projective framework, and proceed to its (non-relativistic) second quantization. We are then able to reproduce the physical content of the usual Fock quantization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present report we analyze the modifications caused by the polymer quantization upon the ground state of a homogeneous one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate. We obtain the ground state energy of the corresponding N-body system and consequently, the corresponding speed of sound, allowing us to explore the sensitivity of the system to corrections caused by the polymer length scale. Such corrections can be enhanced for dense systems together with small values of the corresponding one-dimensional scattering length. However, these corrections remain constrained due to finite size effects of the system. The contributions of the polymer length scale to the properties of the ground state energy of the system allow us to explore, as a first approximation and when the Bogoliubov's formalism is valid, the sensitivity of this many-body system to traces caused by the discreteness of space suggested by the polymer quantization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A canonical relativistic quantization of the electromagnetic field is introduced in the presence of an anisotropic conductor magneto-dielectric medium in a standard way in the Gupta-Bleuler framework. The medium is modeled by a continuum collection of the vector fields and a continuum collection of the antisymmetric tensor fields of the second rank in Minkowski space-time. The collection of vector fields describes the conductivity property of the medium and the collection of antisymmetric tensor fields describes the polarization and the magnetization properties of the medium. The conservation law of the total electric charges, induced in the anisotropic conductor magneto-dielectric medium, is deduced using the antisymmetry conditions imposed on the coupling tensors that couple the electromagnetic field to the medium. Two relativistic covariant constitutive relations for the anisotropic conductor magneto-dielectric medium are obtained. The constitutive relations relate the antisymmetric electric-magnetic polarization tensor field of the medium and the free electric current density four-vector, induced in the medium, to the strength tensor of the electromagnetic field, separately. It is shown that for a homogeneous anisotropic medium the susceptibility tensor of the medium satisfies the Kramers-Kronig relations. Also it is shown that for a homogeneous anisotropic medium the real and imaginary parts of the conductivity tensor of the medium satisfy the Kramers-Kronig relations and a relation other than the Kramers-Kronig relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop the main ideas of the quantized version of affinely rigid (homogeneously deformable) motion. We base our consideration on the usual Schrödinger formulation of quantum mechanics in the configuration manifold, which is given, in our case, by the affine group or equivalently by the semi-direct product of the linear group [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove the existence of stationary turbulent flows with arbitrary positive vortex circulation on non-simply connected domains. Our construction yields solutions for all real values of the inverse temperature with the exception of a quantized set, for which blow-up phenomena may occur. Our results complete the analysis initiated in Ricciardi and Zecca (2016). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the connection of holomorphic two-dimensional factorization algebras and vertex algebras which has been made precise in the forthcoming book of Costello-Gwilliam. We provide a construction of the Virasoro vertex algebra starting from a local Lie algebra on the complex plane. Moreover, we discuss an extension of this factorization algebra to a factorization algebra on the category of Riemann surfaces. The factorization homology of this factorization algebra is computed as the correlation functions. We provide an example of how the Virasoro factorization algebra implements conformal symmetry of the beta-gamma system using the method of effective BV quantization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the skewness and kurtosis parameters of optical fields with quantized orbital angular momenta (OAM) and integer topological charge, which depend on the propagation distance only through normalized transverse coordinates, remain invariant at propagation through axially symmetric first-order optical systems, if defined in terms of higher-order moments of the radial coordinate. The values of these parameters, which characterize the shape of optical fields, depend on the type of OAM beams (Gaussian, Laguerre–Gauss or spiral phase plates in far-field) and the topological charge. As a result, the skewness and kurtosis can be used to identify the type of OAM beam and the absolute value of the topological charge for Gaussian and Laguerre–Gauss vortices encountered in most applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are an important component in electronics design. One of the difficulties being faced is to be able to accurately and cost-effectively test the continually higher performance of ADCs under budget constraints. Test time for static linearity is a major portion of the total test cost. Our group proposed an ultrafast segmented model identification of linearity error (uSMILE) algorithm for estimating linearity, which reduces test time dramatically compared to the conventional method. However, this algorithm produces large estimation errors in low resolution ADCs (10-12 bits) when the input is a ramp signal, for which the quantization noise of ADC becomes a dominant part in the total noise. In this study, we propose three types of distribution dithering methods added to the ramp input signal to reduce the estimation error when uSMILE was applied to low resolution ADCs. Fixed pattern was proved to be the most efficient and cost-effective method by comparing with the Gaussian, uniform, and fixed-pattern distributions. The simulation results indicate that the estimation error can be significantly reduced in a 12-bit SAR ADC with effective dithering. Furthermore, a hardware evaluation board with commercial ADC products was used to validate the effectiveness of the fixed-pattern dithering methods, and our measurement shows the INL estimation error can be reduced to less than 0.1 LSB. Such dithering method relaxes the input requirement of uSMILE algorithm which dramatically reduces the test setup cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We employ here the enhancement of the vector potential amplitude quantization at a single photon state. The analysis of the general solution of the vector potential, obtained by resolving Maxwell's equations, implies that the amplitude is proportional to the angular frequency. The photon vector potential function αkλ(r, t) can be written in the plane wave representation satisfying the classical wave propagation equation, Schrödinger's equation for the energy with the relativistic massless field Hamiltonian and a linear time-dependent equation for the vector potential amplitude operator. Thus, the vector potential αkλ(r, t) with the quantized amplitude may play the role of a real wave function for the photon in a nonlocal representation that can be suitably normalized. We then deduce that the amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields, respectively, of a single free photon are proportional to the square of the angular frequency. This might open perspectives for the development of nondestructive photon detection methods based on the influence of the electric and/or magnetic fields of photons on the energy levels of atoms and molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temporal evolution of a quantum spherical spin in contact with a thermal bath is studied by solving the exact Redfield equation, in order to evaluate the effect of the frequently used Lindblad approximation. This simple model can be used as a starting point for the study of more complex open quantum systems. Significant discrepancies are observed for short times. In the equilibrium state both models give identical results, as expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently proposed exceptional field theories (EFTs) making manifest the duality E n ( n ) symmetry, first observed as nonlinearly realized symmetries of the maximal d = 3 , 4 , . . . , 9 supergravity ( n = 11 − d ) and containing 11D and type IIB supergravity as sectors, were formulated in enlarged spacetimes. In the case of E 7 ( 7 ) EFT such an enlarged spacetime can be identified with the bosonic body of the d = 4 central charge superspace Σ ( 60 | 32 ) , the N = 8 d = 4 superspace completed by 56 additional bosonic coordinates associated to central charges of the maximal d = 4 supersymmetry algebra. In this paper we show how the hypothesis on the relation of all the known E n ( n ) EFTs, including n = 8 , with supersymmetry leads to the conjecture on existence of 11D exceptional field theory living in 11D tensorial central charge superspace Σ ( 528 | 32 ) and underlying all the E n ( n ) EFTs with n = 2 , . . . , 8 , and probably the double field theory (DFT). We conjecture the possible form of the section conditions of such an 11D EFT and show that quite generic solutions of these can be generated by superparticle models the ground states of which preserve from one half to all but one supersymmetry. The properties of these superparticle models are briefly discussed. We argue that, upon quantization, their quantum states should describe free massless non-conformal higher spin fields in D = 11 . We also discuss some relevant representations of the M-theory superalgebra which, in the present context, describes supersymmetry of the 11D EFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]