Electrostatically Induced Quantum Point Contacts in Bilayer Graphene.

We report the fabrication of electrostatically defined nanostructures in encapsulated bilayer graphene, with leakage resistances below depletion gates as high as R ~ 10 GΩ. This exceeds previously reported values of R = 10-100 kΩ.1-3 We attribute this improvement to the use of a graphite back gate. We realize two split gate devices which define an electronic channel on the scale of the Fermi-wavelength. A channel gate covering the gap between the split gates varies the charge carrier density in the channel. We observe device-dependent conductance quantization of ΔG = 2e²/h and ΔG = 4e²/h. In quantizing magnetic fields normal to the sample plane, we recover the four-fold Landau level degeneracy of bilayer graphene. Unexpected mode crossings appear at the crossover between zero magnetic field and the quantum Hall regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]