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Background Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) requires effective control of bleeding for better visibility of the operating field and reduced risk of injury to the optic nerve or the internal carotid artery. Dexmedetomidine can provide controlled hypotension, analgesia, and sedation. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and advantages of dexmedetomidine as an anesthetic adjuvant for FESS. Patients and methods Fifty adult consented patients of comparable demographic profile, scheduled for FESS, were assigned randomly to two groups. Patients of group D received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg over 10 min, followed by an infusion at 0.4-0.7 μg/kg/h and patients of group C were administered an identical amount of saline solution. During the procedure, hemodynamic changes, intraoperative surgical grade of bleeding (on the basis of the Fromme-Boezaart scale), intraoperative fentanyl consumption, emergence time, and total recovery from anesthesia (Aldrete's score ≥9) were recorded. Results Patients of group D comparatively had a lower intraoperative heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure, along with a significantly lower bleeding score (P < 0.001). The mean intraoperative fentanyl consumption was significantly lower in patients of group D. Emergence time and time to achieve an Aldrete's score 9 or more were significantly lower in group C at 15 and 30 min postoperatively. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine has effectively provided the ideal oligemic surgical field during FESS and offers the inherent advantages of analgesia, sedation, and anesthetic-sparing effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of 1-(3-chloro-2-oxo-4-substituted phenyl azetidin-1-yl)-3-(substituted benzo[d] thiazol-2-yl) urea (7a-j) were synthesized using appropriate synthetic route. The structure of the synthesized compounds have been established by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data (IR, 1H NMR and Mass). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs, µg mL-1) of the chemical compounds assays were carried out by broth microdilution method. Two Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus MTCC 4317 and Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli DH5 alpha MTCC 1652 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 4676) bacteria were used as quality control strains. Aspergillus niger MTCC 282, Alternaria solani MTCC 2101, Fusarium culmorum MTCC 2090 and Rhizopus stolonifer MTCC 2591 strains were used for antifungal activity. Ampicillin sodium salt and Fluconazole were used as standard antibacterial and antifungal drugs respectively. The compounds showed good to moderate inhibition against the various strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterocycles containing nitrogen, sulphur and thiazole moieties constitute the core structure of a number of biologically interesting compounds. Benzothiazole and their heterocyclic derivatives represent an important class of compounds possessing a wide spectrum of biological activities. A large number of anticonvulsant drugs are available for the treatment of different types of seizures and many are in clinical trials. But not a single molecule is available for treatment of all type of seizures having no side effects, toxic effects, adverse reactions etc. Therefore, the development of newer molecules which serve for most of the seizures with high tolerance, having good pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy with less side effects or toxicity is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation predictably lead to transient and variable hemodynamic responses, which can be attenuated by α2-receptor agonists. The present study aimed to evaluate comparatively the three different dosages of dexmedetomidine (0.5, 0.8, and 1 μg/kg) as premedication for the attenuation of these hemodynamic responses of direct laryngoscopy and intubation. Participants and methods Ninety adult consented patients of ASA grades I and II of either sex were randomized into three equal groups of 30 patients each in a double-blind manner. Dexmedetomidine in dosages of 0.5 μg/kg (group I), 0.8 μg/kg (group II), and 1 μg/kg (grou p III) was infused over 10 min as premedication before propofol induction. The hemodynamic changes during infusion, after induction, and after laryngoscopy and intubation were recorded for statistical analysis. Results Patients with a comparable demographic profile showed a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure after dexmedetomidine infusion in a dose-dependent manner. Further decrease in heart rate and blood pressure after propofol induction showed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference among groups. After laryngoscopy and intubation, the increase in heart rate and blood pressure was more evident in patients in whom low dosages of dexmedetomidine was infused with a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference among the groups. Conclusion Premedication with dexmedetomidine at a dosage of 1 μg/kg attenuated the adverse hemodynamic responses of laryngoscopy and intubation adequately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of new nitrophenothiazines and their sulfones were synthesized and their in vitro antimicrobial assessment was carried out against a representative panel of gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains and selected fungi species. The synthesized compounds were screened for antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radical cation decolorization assay. Structural determination was carried out by spectral and elemental investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we introduce the notion of cone pentagonal metric space and discuss some properties of convergence of sequences. Further we prove Fixed point theorem for contractive mapping in cone pentagonal metric space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term quality of life in breast cancer patients has been studied and published regularly. However, the lived experiences of patients who develop complications after surgery are not well understood. Determining this experience of patients is challenging in most low- and middle-income countries where the majority of patients belong to poor strata of society and are uneducated. We aimed to explore the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of patients with surgery-related complications after breast cancer surgery. Purposive sampling was used to identify patients who developed any postoperative complication, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Common patterns of patient experiences were identified and analyzed using descriptive thematic analysis. Twenty-eight patients out of 210 developing complications postoperatively were identified. The median age was 48 years (range 32–65 years). The majority (n = 26) were housewives, educated below the primary level (n = 11) and below the poverty line (n = 13). Complications included seroma (n = 17), flap necrosis and infection (n = 5), and hematoma (n = 1). Seven domains emerged from the interviews—knowledge of complications, psychological impact, burden, disruptiveness, social impact, relationship with the surgical team, and suggestions to improve the experience. The themes identified in the present study provide insights into the lived experiences and can inform the future development of patient-reported outcome measures and quality improvement programs, including more effective pre-operative counseling and consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate classification of wine quality may helps to improve making technology of wine. For achieving more effective quality classification, a classification method named DE_PSO_SVM (dataset enhancement (DE)_particle swarm optimization (PSO)_support vector machine (SVM)) is proposed. The correlation between feature attributes and classification labels of wine samples were analyzed to achieve dimension reduction. DE was achieved by calculating the different weight sums of adjacent odd and even rows, both of which belong to the same class of samples. PSO was used to search for the optimal parameters of a Gaussian kernel function, which were substituted in the SVM model to classify wine. K-nearest-neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF) and classification and regression tree (CART) were also used to test the wine classification. In 7-fold cross-validation on three wine datasets, the average Precision, Recall, and F1score of DE_PSO_SVM were best. The results show that enhancing datasets with small samples and searching for the optimal super parameters by PSO improved the performance of the wine classification model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe3O4@nano-cellulose/Sb(V) as a bio-based magnetic nano-catalyst was synthesized simply through in situ co-precipitation of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions with NH4OH in an aqueous suspension of nano-cellulose and then treatment of resulted Fe3O4@nano-cellulose with antimony pentachloride in chloroform solution. The structure of this novel nano-catalyst was recognized by several analysis methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The potential catalytic ability was investigated in synthesis of 4H-pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazole derivatives via a three component reaction of aromatic aldehyde, 2-aminobenzothiazole and ethyl acetoacetate under solvent-free condition at 90 °C. Our research shows that these compounds were synthesized with high yields and purity in short reaction times. Furthermore, the obtained results indicates that Fe3O4@nano-cellulose/Sb(V) can be recovered easily and reused for at least three times without no significant change in the efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list below specifies doctoral degrees conferred by U.S. and Canadian universities during academic year July 2020 to June 2021. Lists of degree recipients and subject classifications are provided by the university. Note: Dissertations without classifications may be found under "Y Miscellaneous Categories." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subspace clustering is one of the efficient techniques for determining the clusters in different subsets of dimensions. Ideally, these techniques should find all possible non-redundant clusters in which the data point participates. Unfortunately, existing hard subspace clustering algorithms fail to satisfy this property. Additionally, with the increase in dimensions of data, classical subspace algorithms become inefficient. This work presents a new density-based subspace clustering algorithm (S_FAD) to overcome the drawbacks of classical algorithms. S_FAD is based on a bottom-up approach and finds subspace clusters of varied density using different parameters of the DBSCAN algorithm. The algorithm optimizes parameters of the DBCAN algorithm through a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm and uses hashing concepts to discover all non-redundant subspace clusters. The efficacy of S_FAD is evaluated against various existing subspace clustering algorithms on artificial and real datasets in terms of F_Score and rand_index. Performance is assessed based on three parameters: average ranking, SRR ranking, and scalability on varied dimensions. Statistical analysis is performed through the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results reveal that S_FAD performs considerably better on the majority of the datasets and scales well up to 6400 dimensions on the actual dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concludes the utilization of coal and ficus for removing chromium (VI) from aqueous solution. For this purpose, coal was without further purification processes. On the other hand, ficus modified was prepared after cleaning, drying, grinding. Results were analyzed and parameters were calculated for the pH, biosorbent doses, initial Cr (VI) concentration, and contact time by batch systems. The optimum removal of chromium was found at pH equal to 2 and 3 using coal and ficus modified, respectively with the removal efficiency of chromium from aqueous solutions 98.2% and 91.5%, respectively. The efficiencies were calculated using 0.2 g and 0.4 g and initial chromium concentration 20 mg L-1 and 25 mg.L-1 under a contact times of 30 min and 60 min using coal and ficus modified, respectively. FTIR spectra were conducted for adsorbent before and after chromium (VI) removal to discover the number of active sites and the functional groups on the adsorbent. The results of FTIR spectra were conducted for adsorbent before and after chromium (VI) removal to discover the number of active sites and the functional groups on the adsorbent. The results indicated the adsorption isotherm and kinetics are more compatible with Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order consecutive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the film "Beyond the Clouds" by directed by Majid Majidi. Topics discussed include construction of Indian slums in Hindi cinema; man tries to dodge the police after they raid one of his drug dealings and but his sister gets imprisoned; and character of street hustler and drug dealer Amir played by actor Ishaan Khattar.

Wireless sensor network serves as a nursery for umpteen cosmic fields such as defense, security, scientific applications and environment. One of the contemporary areas of research in wireless sensor network is the area coverage. In wireless sensor network, the ethereal trait of network is measured by the area covered by the sensor nodes. The quality of service is achieved by the maximum area coverage but the quality of service is inversely proportional to vendor's cost there is a need to place the more sensor than existing. The web of issues in the network coverage includes homogeneous or heterogeneous sensor nodes, random or deterministic deployment of sensor nodes and centralized and distributed algorithms[4]. Other than that, the network coverage relies upon the deployment of sensor nodes. The sensor nodes can be placed in one of the following manners, deterministic or random. In this paper, Plant Propagation Algorithm is used to improve the coverage of network nodes and deploy the nodes in such a manner that has minimum overlapping of nodes. The paper concluded that the algorithm provides maximum area coverage with same number of nodes. At the end of this paper the results of proposed algorithm are compared with genetic algorithm which shows that the Plant Propagation algorithm takes less time to eradicate the intersection between sensor node as compared to genetic algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical viscosities have been calculated for three binary liquid mixtures quinoline with arenes [quinoline +benzene, +toluene, +mesitylene] at 303.15 K using Bingham relation, Kendall-Munroe relation, Arrhenius-Eyring relation, Croenaurer-Rothfus-Kermore relation and Gambrill relation. The validity of these theories has been checked by estimating average percentage deviations between calculated values and experimental values. The results of all the theories are comparatively good agreement with experimental results. Among the reported theories, Bingham relation gives the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of inadvertent retention of Descemet's membrane (DM) after penetrating keratoplasty, and a novel technique for its removal in a case of congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy. In this technique, we use a modification of the shifting bubble technique, commonly used in deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty where a viscocohesive ophthalmic viscosurgical device is injected into the false anterior chamber which causes migration of the central air bubble placed in the anterior chamber peripherally and helps in confirming the correct space. The DM is then peeled in a circular fashion with the help of 23-G vitreoretinal micro forceps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of sustainable and biodegradable lignocellulosic fiber to detoxify the noxious Cr(VI) from wastewater is considered a versatile approach to clean up a contaminated aquatic environment. The aim of the present research is to assess the proficiency and mechanism of biosorption on Ficus carica bast fiber via isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Harkin's-Jura, and Dubinin-Radushkevich), kinetic models, and thermodynamic parameters. The biomass extracted from fig plant was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. To optimize the maximum removal efficiency, different parameters like effect of initial concentration, effect of temperature, pH, and contact time were studied by batch method. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) onto biosorbent was found to be 19.68 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model adequately described the kinetic data. The calculated values of thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (∆ H), entropy change (∆ S), and free energy change (∆ G) were 21.55 kJ/mol, 76.24 J/mol K, and −1.55 kJ/mol, respectively, at 30 °C which accounted for spontaneous and endothermic processes. The study of adsorbent capacity for Cr(VI) removal in the presence of Na, Mg, Ca, SO, HCO and Cl illustrated that the removal of Cr(VI) increased in the presence of HCO ions; the presence of Na, SO or Cl showed no significant influence on Cr(VI) adsorption, while Ca and Mg ions led to an insignificant decrease in Cr(VI) adsorption. Further, the desorption studies illustrated that 31.10 % of metal ions can be removed from an aqueous system, out of which 26.63 % of metal ions can be recovered by desorption in first cycle and the adsorbent can be reused. The results of the scale-up study show that the ecofriendly detoxification of Cr(VI) from aqueous systems was technologically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The synthesis and characterization of some transition metal cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiensemicarbazone (CDOSC) complexes are reported. The ligand CDOSC yields: [ML2 Cl2] and [ML2 Cl2] Cl type complexes, where M = CrIII, MnII, FeIII, CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, CdII and HgII, L = CDOSC. Structures of the complexes were determined using elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic measurements, i.r. and electronic, as well as n.m.r spectra. CDOSC acts as a bidentate ligand in all the complexes. All the newly synthesized metal complexes, as well as the ligand, were screened for their antibacterial activity. All the complexes exhibit strong inhibitory action against Gram (+) bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram (−) bacteria Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activities of the complexes are stronger than those of the ligand CDOSC itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]