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Introduction/Purpose: A supramalleolar osteotomy is a joint-sparing procedure that can change the mechanical axis load on the ankle joint in the coronal-sagittal planes. Restoration of the axial alignment allows for redistribution of loads to the less affected area of articular cartilage, slowing down or even stopping further articular degeneration. It has been reported that supramalleolar osteotomy has a useful effect in asymmetric varus ankle and medial compartment osteoarthritis, but as far as we know there are not many papers conducted in one center for large cases based study. In our paper, we analyzed the results of multiple cases (67 cases) of supramalleolar osteotomy surgical procedure performed in our center and make insight about prognostic factors like high talar tilt and takakura stage. Methods: From August 2007 to May 2020, a retrospective study was conducted on 67 ankles which underwent distal tibio-fibular osteotomy due to medial compartment osteoarthritis and asymmetric varus ankle in our center. The articular cartilage was evaluated simultaneously with the distal tibio-fibular osteotomy through arthroscopy exam intraoperatively. The mean age was 58.6 years(range 37-73 years). American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, Visual analog scale (Vas) pain score, Range of motion (ROM) and patient satisfaction were used for functional evaluations. Ankle osteoarthritis was classified by Takakura stage, and the tibial anterior surface angle (TAS), tibial lateral surface angle (TLS) and talar tilt angle were measured for radiological evaluations. And, groups were divided according to the Takakura stage, and whether there were significant differences in the measured values was compared. Results: When Preop IIIB and Preop II, IIIA groups were compared, last fu AOFAS score and Pain vas score showed no significant difference. Talar tilt angle showed significant higher value in Preop IIIB group(p<0.05). And TAS angle showed bigger correction in Preop IIIB group with borderline difference. (p=0.07) It seems that overcorrected TAS angle came out to maximize the effect of load transfer to laterally intra-operatively. And it is thought that the overcorrected TAS angle had a good effect on the clinical outcome. When Preop IIIB group were divided stage improved group with not improved group and compared each other, last fu AOFAS score and ROM showed worse results in Postop IIIB group significantly. (p<0.05) Talar tilt showed higher value in Postop IIIB group on preop with borderline differences.(p=0.06) TAS angle showed no significant differences.(p=0.58) Conclusion: We performed SMO for stage IIIB medial ankle OA with significant TAS overcorrection, and achieved favorable clinical outcomes (AOFAS 85.1) when compared with preop stage IIIA group (AOFAS 85.6). Postop stage IIIB group showed higher preop talar tilt angles with poor AOFAS score when compared with postop takakura stage improved group (10.7 and 7.6). Many preop IIIB cases are found to be good candidate for SMO, but skillful selection for SMO is required for good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of the paper `Was Hydroelectricity Regulated in Quebec in the 1930s? Assessing the Impact of the First Electricity Commissions,' by Ruth Dupre, Patrick Joly and Michael Patry, during the fifty-fifth annual meeting of the Economic History Association.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue Canadienne de Science Politique is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

How has the image of the early feminist movement in Quebec been biased by modern ideas of feminism, and what ramifications does this have for how Canadian history is viewed and taught? Building upon current research by historian Micheline Dumont, this paper explores publications by several pioneering feminists of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Quebec, measuring these primary sources against their portrayal in feminist historiography. Contrary to value judgments espoused by feminist historians who have tended to characterize the early feminist movement as "mild" and "maternal," this paper argues that these women were in fact bold in their unique brand of feminism. As such, these findings aim to reorient the historiography of feminism in Canada, advocating for a multifaceted approach to feminist history which fully considers the lived experiences and cultural contexts of women of the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-year study of Lean implementation in public healthcare organizations in Québec identified poor understanding of the organizational context as a contributing factor to unsustainable Lean implementation. This paper presents a holistic perspective of the unique context of public healthcare organizations and discusses its implications with regards to Lean implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigration is increasingly politicised: issues surrounding immigration are more salient and party immigration positions are becoming more polarised. Literature on this topic has overwhelmingly focused on Europe and the USA, while identifying radical right parties and particular social dynamics as the main drivers of politicisation. In this paper, we consider a case that exhibits growing politicisation, yet does not fit existing measures and explanation of this phenomenon: Quebec, Canada. Considering party manifestos between 1991 and 2018, we ask: how have Quebec major political parties treated immigration policy issues over time? We argue that Quebec's immigration partisan space is organised by a liberal-restrictive immigration policy continuum and a jurisdictional axis. Mapping provincial political parties' positions, we document a stable clustering towards liberal policy positions but a clear cleavage on the jurisdictional axis. We show that the emergence in 2012 of a highly moderate centre right party—the Coalition Avenir Québec—broke with these established positions and drove a politicisation of the issue. These results demonstrate the importance of considering alternative drivers to explain the politicisation of immigration, as well as of paying attention to the politics of immigration in contexts where pro-immigration discourses dominate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates whether daddy quotas – non-transferable paternity leave policies – mitigate motherhood penalties women face in the labour market. Using the introduction of a daddy quota in Quebec, Canada as a natural experiment, we employ labour force survey data to conduct a difference-in-difference estimation of the policy's impact on a range of mothers' career outcomes, using mothers in the neighbouring province of Ontario as a comparison group. The results suggest Quebec mothers exposed to the policy are 5 percentage points more likely to participate in the labour force and to work full time, 5 percentage points less likely to work part time, and 4 percentage points less likely to be unemployed than they would have been in the absence of the policy. Our results are robust to an alternative semi-parametric difference-in-difference methodology and to a battery of placebo and sensitivity tests. However, we find that the policy's effects are largest 2 to 3 years post-reform, reducing in size and significance thereafter, raising questions about the durability of such effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The term progressive apraxia of speech (PAOS) is used to describe speakers presenting with isolated or dominant apraxia of speech in the context of a neurodegenerative syndrome, including primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) and dominant progressive apraxia of speech (DAOS), respectively. Its motor speech profile has been increasingly explored in the last decade, but description remains vague and very English oriented, although the effect of speakers' language on motor speech phenotypes is increasingly recognized. Although some studies suggest that speakers presenting with isolated PAOS (PPAOS) versus dominant PAOS with concomitant aphasia (DAOS) should be differentiated, distinct characteristics of the two presentations are unclear. Furthermore, a careful description of their clinical presentation in languages other than English is required. Aims: To describe the motor speech characteristics of Quebec French‐speaking participants with prominent PAOS and to explore the communication profile of those presenting more specifically with isolated PAOS (PPAOS), and with dominant PAOS and concomitant aphasia (DAOS). Methods & Procedures: A thorough effort to recruit all speakers presenting with PAOS in the larger population areas of the province of Quebec was conducted over a 3‐year span. A total of nine participants with PAOS (pwPAOS; PPAOS = 5, DAOS = 4) underwent a comprehensive language and motor speech assessment, and a cognitive screening. Their performance was compared with 30 matched healthy controls. Outcomes & Results: As a group, pwPAOS differed from healthy speakers on all acoustic and perceptual measures. The PPAOS and PAOS subgroups were similar on several measures, but participants from the PPAOS subgroup tended to perform better on articulatory measures and maximum speech rate tasks. Conclusions & Implications: This study provides an in‐depth analysis of motor speech characteristics of PAOS in Quebec French speakers and adds further evidence for the differentiation of PPAOS and DAOS. Combining simple perceptual and acoustic analyses represent a promising approach to distinguish the two variants and identify treatment targets. What this paper addsWhat is already known on this subjectProgressive apraxia of speech (PAOS) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by progressive and initially isolated or dominant apraxia of speech (primary progressive apraxia of speech [PPAOS] and dominant progressive apraxia of speech [DAOS], respectively). Studies mostly report articulatory and prosodic deficits in PAOS, but concomitant deficits such as dysarthria and executive dysfunction are also reported. The description of motor speech skills in PAOS remains vague and English‐oriented. Studies suggest that speakers presenting with isolated PAOS vs dominant PAOS with concomitant aphasia should be differentiated, but distinct characteristics of the two presentations are unclear.What this study adds to existing knowledgeTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to report transversal data of Quebec‐French participants with PPAOS and DAOS. Moreover, this study is a first step towards identifying potential characteristics that could facilitate the diagnosis of PPAOS and DAOS in Quebec French. It makes a significant contribution to our understanding of progressive apraxia of speech in different cultural languages.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?This study also initiates the search for sensitive tasks for the diagnosis of those speakers (which is an important process), in addition to identifying the core characteristics of PAOS, DAOS, and PPAOS in the development of an assessment battery for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IEEE International Symposium on Robotic and Sensors Environments (ROSE 2011) was held on September 17?18, 2011, at Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, in Montreal, QC, Canada. ROSE 2011 was the first opportunity for the conference series to be conducted as an IEEE Symposium, following a sustained and successful number of ROSE Workshop venues from 2003 to 2010, that took place in Europe, Canada, and the USA. Following the tradition established in 2003, the ROSE Symposium addresses all aspects of sensing systems and technologies for robotics and industrial automation, as well as their impact on autonomous robotic and intelligent systems development and applications. At ROSE 2011, 41 papers presenting contributions of high quality were presented, addressing the diversity of problems and applications that combine sensors, decision systems, and robots. Following the symposium, a number of substantially extended manuscripts, inspired by papers presented at ROSE 2011, and addressing topics of particular relevance for the IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, were submitted and went through a rigorous peerreview process, identical to that of regular paper submissions. Following this process, three manuscripts were accepted and are included in this Special Section. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Focuses on the constitutive rhetoric regarding the sovereignty of Quebec province. Development of political associations dedicated to Quebec's political sovereignty; Appraisal of the narrative ideological effect of rhetoric; Assessment of the effective power of constitutive rhetoric; Overview of a white paper drafted to secure Quebec's sovereignty.

Highlights the Early Experiential Deprivation and Enrichment and Later Development symposium in Montreal, Quebec. Proponents of developmentalism in psychology; Styles of verbal interaction between mother and child; Identification of basic sensory and perceptual mechanisms.

Much research focuses on schooling for refugee children in resettlement contexts; however, limited research addresses young adult refugees (YAR) between 16–24 years in the adult education (AE) system. This paper strives to fill this gap by providing the perspectives of 12 AE practitioners who welcomed and worked with Syrian YAR in Quebec, Canada. Practitioners' experiences and challenges faced with this refugee population reveal strategies needed to enable YAR to flourish and attain their objectives, including a call for systemic change in AE. Critical race theory and the capabilities approach set the conceptual framework guided by a narrative inquiry methodology. Semi-structured interviews provided the data that were thematically analyzed through collaborative work. From our understanding of the effectiveness of AE approaches for YAR, it is clear, based on the insights provided by the practitioners, that the face of AE has changed, and its current approach does not work for the YAR population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on the highlights of the 6th annual Console-ing Passions conference that was held at the Concordia University in Montréal, Quebec from May 1-4, 1997. The convention is considered an annual rendezvous for a network of film scholars and videomakers. The areas of focus during the conference included television, video and feminism. One of the sessions during the event focused on the counterpointed textual analysis from Julia Lesage.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look at human interdependence and its significance in project management. Design/methodology/approach – The paper focuses solely on human interaction in the context of a short-term project consisting of preparing a small "international" fair in Gatineau, Québec (Canada). For this purpose, an established questionnaire was used which aimed to evaluate the predator-prey dynamic between team members (as described by Mesly in a recent paper). Findings – Human interdependence indeed plays a key role in the functioning of short-lived projects (and, this paper assumes, of long-term projects as well). Originality/value – The paper places emphasis on considering the human power-game factor (predator-prey) more strongly in future project endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Participation in on-the-land programs that encourage traditional cultural activities may improve health and well-being. The Income Security Program (ISP) - a financial incentive-based on-the-land program - for Eeyouch (Cree) hunters and trappers in Eeyou Istchee was created as a result of the 1975 James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement to help mitigate the effects of hydroelectric development on the Cree people of northern Quebec, Canada. Beyond the ISP's financial incentives, little is known about the health measures of those who are eligible to participate in the ISP (i.e. spent ≥120 days on-the-land during the previous year). Therefore, this paper's objective was to assess the health measures of northern Quebec Cree, who were eligible for participation in the ISP.Methods: Using participant data (n = 545) compiled from the Nituuchischaayihtitaau Aschii Multi-Community Environment-and-Health Study, we assessed 13 different health measures in generalized linear models with the independent variable being the eligibility to participate in the ISP.Results: Participants in the present study who were eligible for the ISP had significantly higher levels of vigorous and moderate activity per week, and higher concentrations of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the blood compared to those ineligible for the ISP (i.e. spent ≤119 days on-the-land during the previous year). Encouragingly, following model adjustment for age and sex, participants eligible for the ISP did not have higher blood concentrations of mercury than those who were not eligible for the ISP.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the participants eligible for participation in the ISP are likely to be healthier than those who are ineligible to participate - and are promising for on-the-land programs for Indigenous peoples beyond a financial incentive - with no apparent higher risk of increasing contaminant body burden through traditional on-the-land-activities (e.g. fish consumption). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolutionary algorithms have been used extensively over the past 2 decades to provide solutions to the Transit Network Design Problem and the Transit Network and Frequencies Setting Problem. Genetic algorithms in particular have been used to solve the multi-objective problem of minimizing transit users' and operational costs. By finding better routes geometry and frequencies, evolutionary algorithms proposed more efficient networks in a timely manner. However, to the knowledge of the authors, no experimentation included precise and complete pedestrian network data for access, egress and transfer routing. Moreover, the accuracy and representativeness of the transit demand data (Origin Destination matrices) are usually generated from fictitious data or survey data with very low coverage and/or representativity. In this paper, experiments conducted with three medium-sized cities in Quebec demonstrate that performing genetic algorithm optimizations using precise local road network data and representative public transit demand data can generate plausible scenarios that are between 10 and 20% more efficient than existing networks, using the same parameters and similar fleet sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robin Aubert's 2017 film Les Affamés is a zombie genre film, set in an unspecified region of rural Quebec. The first Quebecois addition of note to the zombie film genre, Les Affamés follows the few remaining humans who have avoided contamination from their infected, flesh-eating pursuers. The rustic setting provides a haunting backdrop as the protagonist, a bearded science-fiction devotee named Bonin, and his five companions, attempt to flee through the woods to safety, pursued by a screaming, blood-thirsty horde of their former friends and neighbors. Les Affamés functions in large part as an allegory for rural poverty and economic isolation. Decaying farmhouses, rusting tractors, and an abandoned mine are just a few of the iconic images that invoke the real-world struggles of once-healthy agricultural and mining communities in a twenty-first-century neo-liberal economy. This paper will focus in particular on the zombie as an avatar for Quebecois and, more broadly, North American rural decay, noting how Aubert uses a zombie virus as an allegory for depopulation and economic marginalization. Indeed, the Affamés of the film's title also suggest the ravenous appetites of a capitalist system which, like the film's titular flesh-eating monsters, appears insatiable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definitions and understandings of the term "community health" are numerous, but generally orient themselves around an expanded understanding of health exceeding biomedical imperatives. Rethinking the conception of community health through a vitalistic approach with the idea of health, and thus the community, at its core allows for a deeper understanding of health experiences' complexity and could eventually inspire practice innovations in community health centers. In this paper, we will present this theoretical conception of health and discuss how it can help to understand the innovative interventions approach conducted within community health centres in Canada. Specifically, the practical implications of this theoretical conception will be illustrated through two Canadian community health centres. A new perspective on health could have numerous implications for health professionals with the development of cutting-edge interventions potentially leading to change benefiting the community, but also for teaching and research innovations empowered by a deeper understanding of the wider story behind health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents results of a qualitative study of blended lesbian‐headed families with children from previous same‐sex relationships. Conducted in partnership with the LGBT Family Coalition, this study adopts an ecosystemic approach to document the experiences of parental separation and family blending of 17 (n = 17) lesbian mothers and stepmothers in the province of Quebec, Canada. The challenges these women face in these periods of transition, particularly in terms of post‐separation co‐parenting and family reorganization, are analysed with particular concern for the daily stresses of heterosexism and membership in a sexual minority. Various strategies used to overcome these challenges, the positive outcomes of creating blended families and the stepmother's place and role within the family are examined. A discussion of the support and intervention needs of these families concludes the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of McGill Journal of Sustainable Development Law is the property of McGill International Journal of Sustainable Development Law & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Review of Sociology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A major mining slope failure occurred in July 2012 on the East wall of the LAB Chrysotile mine in Canada. The major consequence of this failure was the loss of the local highway (Road 112), the main commercial link between the region and the Northeast USA. LiDAR scanning and subsequent analyses were performed and enabled quantifying the geometry and kinematics of the failure area. Using this information, this paper presents the back analysis of the July 2012 failure. The analyses are performed using deterministic and probabilistic limit equilibrium analysis and finite-element shear strength reduction analysis modelling. The impact of pit water infilling on the slope stability is investigated. The impact of the mining activity in 2011 in the lower part of the slope is also investigated through a parametric analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different techniques have been used to maintain and rehabilitate pipes and manholes of the sewer networks in the province of Quebec, including several trenchless rehabilitation techniques in the past two decades. In an effort to predict the future performance of trenchless rehabilitations, this paper presents condition prediction models for chemical grouting rehabilitation of both pipelines and manholes in the city of Laval, Quebec, Canada. The models were developed using regression analysis, based on gathered and analyzed closed circuit television (CCTV) inspection reports for the Laval city sewer network. Different defects in the chemical grouting rehabilitated sewer mains and manholes in this city are presented. The developed regression models are capable of predicting the structural and operational conditions; they are also utilized to generate deterioration curves over time for chemical grouting rehabilitation of sewer pipes and manholes based on basic governing factors such as pipe material and rehabilitation age. Models were validated using a set of data that was randomly selected and set aside. Models validation based on the value of coefficient of multiple determinations (R2) ranged between 80 and 97%. The developed models could be used by municipalities for forecasting chemical grouting rehabilitation for network components’ conditions, planning inspections, and in decision making regarding budget allocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Eastern Townships Studies / Revue d'études des Cantons-de-l'Est (JETS/RECE) is the property of Eastern Townships Resource Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Women of many cultures and religions find a means of coping with stress and ill health in faith-based practices, such as meditation and prayer. It is customary for Muslim women to participate in such activities, usually with a special dress code, which often includes a hijab. The headscarf ban in French and formerly in Quebec public schools not only forces Muslim female students to shed theiressentialreligious dress code, but also fails to address the resulting health consequences and to acknowledge the cultural aspects of head-covering. This paper argues that the ban on head coverings in public schools is not only an infringement on religious and cultural freedoms, and violation of human rights, but that it is also an unhealthy policy intervention, as it undermines health by restricting prayers, mindfulness and spirituality. Furthermore, the ban has taken away Muslim women's choice to wear a hijab, thus restricting a sense of self-autonomy and in turn causing additional negative health implications. By synthesising these ideas, this paper holds a novel and critical perspective that the headscarf ban policy in France should be re-examined not only because of its infringement of human rights, but also to assess the negative health impacts on affected groups. For these reasons the paper advocates a reversal of the ban, as has happened in Quebec, Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goldex is a sublevel open stoping mine near Val-d'Or in northwestern Quebec. The orebody will be extracted in stages, using a novel mining method, resulting in a single stope with the dimensions of 450 m on strike, 250 m in height and up to a width of 120 m. A microseismic monitoring system was designed to monitor the profile of the large stopes and the extent of overbreak around the stopes. This paper discusses the design of the seismic system, and the results of the seismic monitoring with regard to observations of stope performance. In particular, the paper discusses how the seismic source parameter Apparent Stress can be used to identify areas of active rock mass fracturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As with most multilateral environmental negotiations, the on going negotiations for a liability and redress regime in the context of the Cartagena Protocol have proved difficult. While content issues, such as the standard of liability, the scope of the instrument, the nature of the damage and the burden of proof have dominated discussions, the question relating to the nature of the instrument has lurked quietly, but ominously, in the background. This issue came to a head at COP/MOP4 in Bonn - where the instrument was due to be adopted. This paper traces the development of the discussions on the nature of the instrument to be adopted. In particular it considers the slow rise to prominence of the administrative approach to liability at the expense of the civil liability system. This slow rise to prominence of the administrative approach leads to the adoption of a dual approach, meaning a binding instrument on the administrative approach and a nonbinding instrument on civil liability. The paper argues that the positions adopted by the various delegations on the nature of instrument illuminate the complexities of modern international environmental law making and may dispell some closely held beliefs about environmental law making, particularly as it relates to the role of the South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Snow water equivalent (SWE) is critical information for hydrological studies over northern latitudes. This information is needed to adequately simulate spring runoff in order to optimize hydropower generation. In this paper, a new geophysical inversion methodology for monitoring SWE evolution on a daily basis is presented. The methodology is based on a modified version of the Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) snow emission model and assimilates in situ data as ground truth. Previous studies used the mean snow grain size (ø) as an optimization parameter to retrieve SWE with the HUT model. Therefore, a priori information on ø was needed to estimate SWE, but this information is rarely measured in the field. In the HUT model, the mean snow grain size is used to compute the total extinction coefficient (κe) of the snowpack. We modified the model to eliminate the required a priori knowledge on mean snow grain size and used the total extinction coefficient as an optimization parameter instead. The methodology was applied in a subarctic territory in northern Québec (Canada) using snow measurements acquired during the 2001 to 2006 winters (January 1 to March 31). A metric based on the brightness temperature difference between the special sensor microwave/imager 19- and 37-GHz (vertical polarization) was used for SWE retrieval. In the monitoring process, the result obtained from the previous day inversion was used to initialize the current day SWE retrieval. When in situ measurements are available, they are assimilated and used to calibrate the model. The results obtained with this methodology show an improvement in the experimental context considered (high SWE values). For all winters considered in this paper, the results described in this paper show that SWE was estimated with a root-mean-square error (rmse) of less than 19% after the first process of in situ data assimilation and with an rmse of 14 % for nondense forested areas and for SWE values below 300 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a non-market environment, there is no pressure coming from competitors that leads firms toward efficiency. Public education system is the target of many critiques as being such an example of inefficiency. Some papers attempted to measure the level of inefficiency of schools or school districts using different methods. Unfortunately, those methods do not include an important aspect of the school management that is characterized by the incapacity to adjust some inputs like buildings and equipment to their optimal level. In this paper, we use a generalization of Malmquist indexes that introduces this lack of flexibility in the measurement of productivity and we apply this method in the case of school districts in the Province of Québec (Canada). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the actors and activities and the institutional-spatial dynamics that characterize innovation and knowledge processes within the aquaculture industry and its support organizations in the coastal region of Quebec, Canada. It aims to identify the main features and components of such support organizations and their roles in entrepreneurial and knowledge processes. Comparing this Canadian case with the more developed Norwegian innovation system in aquaculture, the paper concludes that the market possibilities for the products of aquaculture are almost the same in Norway and Quebec. However, it is the policy and institutional settings, as well as the historical trajectories of the respective innovation systems, which seem to explain the growth of the aquaculture industry in Norway and its less successful development in Quebec. The paper also investigates the conditions and institutional arrangements that may stimulate the building and development of a more mature aquaculture innovation system support in Quebec's coastal region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Migration, Health & Social Care is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Successive governments of the Liberal and CAQ parties have worked on Quebec's cannabis regulation. Although "progressiveness" is a key part of its political identity, and despite its population being the largest user of cannabis since it was legalized, Quebec adopted the most repressive legislation among Canadian provinces. The process of framing the issue was nevertheless heavily influenced by the use of scientific evidence. In this paper, we seek to understand how evidence from different scientific fields was mobilized in the policymaking process. In order to classify the actors' positions and use of science, we develop a bidimensional continuum in which approaches to both health and behavior are presented. We specifically discuss three relevant issues that distinguish Quebec from other Canadian provinces: personal cultivation, public consumption, and legal age. Although multiple approaches to these issues were possible, government actors persistently put forward an individual approach to health and a moralistic approach to behavior. The adoption of the same repressive approach on each issue without scientific consensus suggests that scientific arguments were mobilized as a tool to support preexisting beliefs rather than to ground policy on evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]