395 results on '"Statistics"'
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2. END 2015: International Conference on Education and New Developments. Conference Proceedings (Porto, Portugal, June 27-29, 2015)
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World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS) (Portugal) and Carmo, Mafalda
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We are delighted to welcome you to the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2015-END 2015, taking place in Porto, Portugal, from 27 to 29 of June. Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. Our International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. Our goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2015 received 528 submissions, from 63 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form as Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference, 176 submissions (33% acceptance rate). The conference also includes a keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher, Professor Dr. Martin Braund, Adjunct Professor at Cape Peninsula University of Technology in Cape Town, South Africa and Honorary Fellow in the Department of Education at the University of York, UK, to whom we express our most gratitude. This volume is composed by the proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2015), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.) and had the help of our respected media partners that we reference in the dedicated page. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also cover different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity); Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. (Individual papers contain references.)
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- 2015
3. Mathematics Education at the Edge. Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME) (38th) and the North American Chapter of the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME-NA) (36th, Vancouver, Canada, July 15-20, 2014)
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International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, North American Chapter (PME-NA), International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME), Liljedahl, Peter, Nicol, Cynthia, Oesterie, Susan, and Allan, Darien
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The theme of the 38th meeting of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME 38) and the 36th meeting of the North American Chapter of the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME-NA 36) was "Mathematics Education at the Edge." Academically, the theme provides opportunities to highlight and examine mathematics education research that is: (1) breaking new ground or on the cutting edge of innovative research and research methodologies; and (2) exploring issues with groups that are often positioned at the edge or periphery of educational research, such as social justice, peace education, equity, and Indigenous education. Geographically, the theme "Mathematics Education at the Edge" describes the very place of the conference setting, Vancouver, a city situated at the edge of Canada on the Pacific Ocean and Coast Mountain Range. The papers in the six volumes of these proceedings are organized according to the type of presentation. Volume 1 contains the presentations of the plenary speakers, Research Forum activities, Discussion Group activities, Working Session activities and the National Presentation of mathematics education in Canada. Volumes 2-5 contain the Research Reports of the conference, while Volume 6 consists of the Short Oral and Poster Presentations. The organization of PME 2014 is a collaborative effort involving teams of colleagues at the University of British Columbia and Simon Fraser University.
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- 2014
4. Japanese and Thai Senior High School Mathematics Teachers' Knowledge of Variability
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Isoda, Masami, Chitmun, Somchai, and Gonzalez, Orlando
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In this article, the conceptions of variability held by samples of Japanese and Thai senior high school mathematics teachers were identified, based on the framework proposed by Shaughnessy (2007), using a comparative survey study. From contrasting the results of the two groups, relative tendencies of insufficient statistical knowledge for variability were found in both samples, such as a tendency of Japanese teachers to overgeneralize equiprobability, whereas Thai teachers tended to overgeneralize estimation. Based on these findings, the use of well-known tasks from the research literature for this comparative study seems useful to clarify the relative tendencies and insufficiencies in teacher knowledge and conceptions regarding variability held by both groups.
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- 2018
5. Selection of Content in High School Mathematics Textbooks: An International Comparison
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Wang, J. and Lu, X.
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As a component of the ongoing development of the mathematics curriculum in China, we compare the country's high school mathematics textbooks with those of several other countries. We base our analysis on the assumption that textbooks, as primary printed teaching resources, are key tools for interpreting educational policy. In this paper, we compare what content is selected and how that content is presented in series of high school textbooks from China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States according to four core domains: algebra, geometry, statistics and probability, and calculus. We then discuss the implications of the analysis for the reform of the high school mathematics curriculum in China, particularly as it applies to the development of textbooks within that process of reform. The comparative results provide us with the opportunity to recognise the distinguishing features of the content and presentation of the Chinese mathematics curriculum and lead to some suggestions for future curriculum development.
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- 2018
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6. Proceedings of the Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (29th, Melbourne, Australia, July 10-15, 2005). Volume 1
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International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education., Chick, Helen L., and Vincent, Jill L.
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The first volume of the 29th annual conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education contains plenary lecture and research forum papers as listed below. Short oral communications papers, poster presentations, brief summaries of discussion groups, and working sessions are also included in the volume. The plenary lectures include: (1) Modelling Students' Learning in Argumentation and Mathematics Proof (Fou-Lai Lin); (2) Travelling the Road to Expertise (Stacey); (3) Telling Identities (Sfar and Prusak); and (4) Co-Constructing Artefacts and Knowledge in Net-Based Teams (Reimann). The plenary panel section includes: (1) What Do Studies Like PISA Mean to the Mathematics Education Community? (Jones); (2) From a Profile to the Scrutiny of Student Performance (Yoshinori); (3) The PISA-Study (Neubrand); (4) Some Results from the PISA 2003 International Assessment of Mathematics Learning (Kieran); and (5) The Foundation and Spectacle of [the Leaning Tower of] PISA (Williams). The first research forum (RF01) includes: (1) Not Everything Is Proportional (De Brock, Van Dooren, and Verschaffel); (2) Designing Instruction on Proportional Reasoning with Average Speed (Gravemeijer, van Galen, and Keijzer); (3) Folding Perimeters (Friedlander and Arcavi); and (4) The Dolls' House Classroom (Ainley and Pratt). The second research forum (RF02) includes: (1) Shaping a Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Signs (Arzarello, Ferrara, Robutti, Paola, and Sabena); (2) Working with Artefacts (Bussi and Maschietto); (3) The Role of Gestures in Mathematical Discourse (Edwards); (4) Connecting Talk, Gesture, and Eye Motion for the Microanalysis of Mathematics Learning (Ferrara and Nemirovsky); (5) Why Do Gestures Matter? Gestures as Semiotic Means of Objectification (Radford); (6) Gestures, Signs and Mathematisation (Williams); and (7) Building Intellectual Infrastructure to Expose and Understand Ever-Increasing Complexity (Kaput). The third research forum (RF03) includes: (1) Using Growth Points to Describe Pathways for Young Children's Number Learning (Gervasoni); (2) Number Attainment in Sri Lankan Primary Schools (Hart); and (3) Mathematics Recovery (Pearn). The fourth research forum (RF04) includes: (1) The Place of Theory in Mathematics Education Research (Lester, Jr.); (2) Theories of Mathematics Education (Lerman); (3) The Articulation of Symbol and Mediation in Mathematics Education (Armella); (4) Using Theory to Advance Our Understandings of Student Cognitive Development (Pegg and Tall); (5) Trends in the Evolution of Models and Modeling Perspectives on Mathematical Learning and Problem Solving (Lesh and English); and (6) Issues and Tendencies in German Mathematics-Didactics (Torner and Sriraman). (Individual papers contain references.)
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- 2005
7. Proceedings of the Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME) (24th, Hiroshima, Japan, July 23-27, 2000), Volume 3.
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International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education., Nakahara, Tadao, and Koyama, Masataka
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The third volume of the 24th annual conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education contains full research report papers. Papers include: (1) "Mathematics classrooms functioning as communities of inquiry: Possibilities and constraints for changing practice" (Susie Groves, Brian Doig, and Laurance Splitter); (2) "Thinking of new devices to make viable symbolic calculators in the classroom" (Dominique Guin and Luc Trouche); (3) "Some theoretical problems of the development of mathematical thinking" (Valery A. Gusev and Ilder S. Safuanov); (4) "The role of figures in geometrical proof-problem solving: Students' cognitions of geometrical figures in France and Japan" (Kouhei Harada, Elisabeth Gallou-Dumiel, and Nobuhiko Nohda); (5) "Thinking about the discursive practices of teachers and children in a 'National Numeracy Strategy' lesson" (Tansy Hardy); (6) "Classroom discussion on the representation of quantity by fractions: Stability of misconception and implications to practice" (Junichi Hasegawa); (7) "Process of internalizing new use of multiplication through classroom instruction: A case study" (Keiko Hino); (8) "Understanding linear algebraic equations via super-calculator representations" (Ye Yoon Hong, Mike Thomas, and Oh-Nam Kwon); (9) "The relation of Mozambican secondary school teachers to a mathematical concept: The case of limits of functions" (Danielle Huillet and Balbina Mutemba); (10) "The meaning of terms concerning the time ordering for first grade students: The influence of cultural background" (Sonia Igliori, Cristina Maranhao, and S. Sentelhas); (11) "The relationships between fluency and flexibility of divergent thinking in open ended mathematics situation and overcoming fixation in mathematics on Japanese junior high school students" (Toshihiro Imai); (12) "A case study of student emotional change using changing heart rate in problem posing and solving Japanese classroom in mathematics" (Masami Isoda and Akemi Nakagoshi); (13) "Using students' statistical thinking to inform instruction" (Graham A. Jones, Cynthia W. Langrall, Carol A. Thornton, Edward S. Mooney, Arsalan Wares, Bob Perry, Ian J. Putt, and Steven Nisbet); (14) "The student experience of online mathematics enrichment" (Keith Jones and Helen Simons); (15) "Epistemological features in the mathematics classroom: Algebra and geometry" (Maria Kaldrimidou, Haralambos Sakonidis, and Marianna Tzekaki); (16) "What do we remember when it's over? Adults' recollections of their mathematical experience" (Ronnie Karsenty and Shlomo Vinner); (17) "Acquiring the concept of derivative: Teaching and learning with multiple representations and CAS" (Margaret Kendal and Kaye Stacey); (18) "Year 6 students' progression on the core mathematics course of an integrated learning system" (Gillian C. Kidman, Annette R. Baturo, Tom J. Cooper, and Romina Proctor); (19) "Solving multiplicative word problems with decimal fractions: The effects of proportional reasoning and metacognition" (Tadayuki Kishimoto); (20) "Does a research based teacher development program affect teachers' lesson plans?" (Ronith Klein and Dina Tirosh); (21) "A research on the validity and effectiveness of 'two-axes process model' of understanding mathematics at elementary school level" (Masataka Koyama); (22) "The effects of different instructional methods on the ability to communicate mathematical reasoning" (Bracha Kramarski); (23) "Narrative elements in mathematical argumentations in primary education" (Gotz Krummheuer); (24) "Changing teaching methods in school mathematics: An analysis of some episodes from classes" (Marie Kubinova, Jiri Mares, and Jarmila Novotna); (25) "Development of concepts for division in third grade teaching experiments: From the viewpoint of the dual nature of concepts and symbolizing processes" (Koichi Kumagai); (26) "Moving between mixed-ability and same-ability settings: Impact on learners" (Bilha Kutscher and Liora Linchevski); (27) "A developmental assessment of pupils use of domain-specific and general strategies in problem solving" (Leonidas Kyriakides); (28) "Coding the nature of thinking displayed in responses on nets of solids" (Christine Lawrie, John Pegg, and Angel Gutierrez); (29) "A comparison between Malaysian and United Kingdom teachers' and students' images of mathematics" (Chap Sam Lim); (30) "On developing teachers knowledge by using cases constructed by researcher and classroom teachers" (Pi-Jen Lin); (31) "Indispensable mathematical knowledge-IMK and differential mathematical knowledge-DMK: Two sides of the equity coin" (Liora Linchevski, Bilha Kutscher, Alwyn Olivier, and Kate Bennie); (32) "Problem posing as a tool for learning, planning and assessment in the primary school" (Tom Lowrie and Jacquelyn Whitland); (33) "Length measurement: Conventional units articulated with arbitrary ones" (Cristina Maranhao and T. Campos); (34) "Dynamic transformations of solids in the mathematics classroom" (Christos Markopoulos and Despina Potari); (35) "States of understanding relations among concepts of geometric figures: Considered from the aspect of concept image and concept definition" (Nanae Matsuo); (36) "Supporting preservice teachers' understanding of place value and multidigit addition and subtraction" (Kay McClain and Janet Bowers); (37) "Spatial abilities in primary schools" (Hartwig Meissner and Guido Pinkernell); (38) "Analysis and synthesis of the Cartesian product by kindergarten children" (Ibby Mekhmandarov); and (39) "The 'conflicting' concepts of continuity and limit: A conceptual change perspective" (Kaarina Merenluoto and Erno Lehtinen). (ASK)
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- 2000
8. Proceedings of the Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME) (24th, Hiroshima, Japan, July 23-27, 2000), Volume 2.
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International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education., Nakahara, Tadao, and Koyama, Masataka
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The second volume of the 24th annual conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education contains full research report papers. Papers include: (1) "What you see is what you get: The influence of visualization on the perception of data structures" (Dan Aharoni); (2) "Exploring the transparency of graphs and graphing" (Janet Ainley); (3) "Describing primary mathematics lessons observed in the Leverhulme Numeracy Research Programme: A qualitative framework" (Mike Askew, Margaret Brown, Hazel Denvir, and Valerie Rhodes); (4) "An analysis of bracket expansion errors" (Paul Ayres); (5) "Knowing the sample space or not: The effects on decision making" (Paul Ayres and Jenni Way); (6) "The development of mathematics education based on ethnomathematics (2): Analysis of Universal Activities in terms of verbs" (Takuya Baba and Hideki Iwasaki); (7) "Maths as social and explanations for 'underachievement' in numeracy" (David A. Baker and B.V. Street); (8) "Year 6 students' idiosyncratic notions of unitising, reunitising, and regrouping decimal number places" (Annette R. Baturo and Tom J. Cooper); (9) "Factors influencing teachers' endorsement of the core mathematics course of an integrated learning system" (Annette R. Baturo, Tom J. Cooper, Gillian C. Kidman, and Campbell J. McRobbie); (10) "Students' conceptions of the integral" (Jan Bezuidenhout and Alwyn Olivier); (11) "The use of mental imagery in mental calculation" (Chris Bills and Eddie Gray); (12) "Readiness for algebra" (Gillian M. Boulton-Lewis, Tom J. Cooper, B. Atweh, H. Pillay, and L. Wilss); (13) "Students' knowledge of length units: Do they know more than rules about rulers?" (Philippa Bragg and Lynne Outhred); (14) "Becoming more aware: Psychoanalytic insights concerning fear and relationship in the mathematics classroom" (Chris Breen); (15) "Same/different: A 'natural' way of learning mathematics" (Laurinda Brown and Alf Coles); (16) "The effect of some classroom factors on grade 3 pupil gains in the Leverhulme Numeracy Research Programme" (Margaret Brown, Hazel Denvir, Valerie Rhodes, Mike Askew, Dylan Wiliam, and Esther Ranson); (17) "'Automatism' in finding a 'solution' among junior high school students: A comparative study" (Gildo Luis Bulafo) (18) "A study of the mathematical behaviors of mathematicians: The role of metacognition and mathematical intimacy in solving problems" (Marilyn P. Carlson); (19) "Bringing out the algebraic character of arithmetic: Instantiating variables in addition and subtraction" (David Carraher, Barbara M. Brizuela, and Analucia D. Schliemann) (20) "The game of social interactions in statistics learning and in cognitive development" (Carolina Carvalho and Magarida Cesar); (21) "Student misconceptions in interpreting basic graphic calculator displays" (Michael Cavanagh and Michael Mitchelmore); (22) "Step skipping during the solution of partitive quotient fraction problems" (Kathy Charles and Rod Nason); (23) "Making, having and compressing formal mathematical concepts" (Erh-Tsung Chin and David Tall); (24) "Mental projections in mathematical problem solving: Abductive inference and schemes of action in the evolution of mathematical knowledge" (Victor V. Cifarelli); (25) "Solving equations and inequations: Operational invariants and methods constructed by students" (Anibal Cortes and Nathalie Pfaff); (26) "The flow of thought across the Zone of Proximal Development between elementary algebra and intermediate English as a second language" (Bronisuave Czarnocha and Vrunda Prabhu); (27) "A didactic sequence for the introduction of algebraic activity in early elementary school" (Jorge Tarcisio Da Rocha Falcao, Anna Paula Lima Brito, Claudia Roberta De Araujo, Monica Maria Lessa Lins, and Monica Oliveira Osorio); (28) "Towards a definition of attitude: The relationship between the affective and the cognitive in pre-university students" (Katrina Daskalogianni and Adrian Simpson); (29) "A memory-based model for aspects of mathematics teaching" (Gary Davis, David Hill, and Nigel Smith); (30) "Involving pupils in an authentic context: Does it help them to overcome the 'illusion of linearity'?" (Dirk De Bock, Lieven Verschaffel, Dirk Janssens, and Karen Claes); (31) "The difficulties students experience in generating diagrams for novel problems" (Carmel M. Diezmann); (32) "About argumentation and conceptualization" (Nadia Douek and Ezio Scali); (33) "Gesture and oral computation as resources in the early learning of mathematics" (Jan Draisma); (34) "Students' statistical reasoning during a data modeling program" (Lyn D. English, Kathy L. Charles, and Donald H. Cudmore); (35) "The 'mathematics as a gendered domain' scale" (Helen J. Forgasz and Gilah C. Leder); (36)"Investigating function from a social representation perspective" (Janete Bolite Frant, Monica Rabello de Castro, and Flavio Lima); (37) "Definition as a teaching object: A preliminary study" (Fulvia Furinghetti and Domingo Paola); (38) "When a learning situation becomes a problematic learning situation: The case of diagonals in the quadrangle" (Hagar Gal and Liora Linchevski) and (39) "From traditional blackboards to interactive whiteboards: A pilot study to inform system design" (Christian Greiffenhagen). (ASK)
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- 2000
9. Proceedings of the Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME) (24th, Hiroshima, Japan, July 23-27, 2000), Volume 1.
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International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education., Nakahara, Tadao, and Koyama, Masataka
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The first volume of the 24th annual conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education includes plenary addresses, plenary panel discussions, research forum, project groups, discussion groups, short oral communications, and poster presentations. (ASK)
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- 2000
10. Key Success Factors for Statistical Literacy Poster Competitions
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MacFeely, Steve, Campos, Pedro, and Helenius, Reija
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Statistical literacy is complex and multifaceted. In every country, education and numeracy are a function of a multitude of factors including culture, history, and societal norms. Nevertheless, since the launch of the International Statistical Poster Competition (ISLP) in 1994, a number of patterns have emerged to suggest there are some common or universal success factors in running statistical literacy competitions involving schools, universities, statistical offices, and many other institutions. This paper outlines some of those factors, such as institutional cooperation, celebrating participation and success, improvement of statistical literacy in the local schools, support for teachers, the involvement of national statistics institutes, and use of technology. These factors have been identified from our own experience running the competition and from articles submitted to the ISLP newsletters. Statistical literacy is a complex phenomenon, and so this is neither an exhaustive list of key factors nor a formula for success, but rather an overview of recurring themes across countries participating in the competition around the world.
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- 2017
11. Higher Education, Women, and Sociocultural Change: A Closer Look at the Statistics
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Parvazian, Somayeh, Gill, Judith, and Chiera, Belinda
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This article reports an analysis of the relationship between women's increased participation in higher education and other recent social changes over the last four decades. To date, women's increased involvement in higher education has been studied as either a force for or a consequence of other sociocultural changes. Drawing on data from key international data sets and with a focus on a range of Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) countries, this article details an exploratory factor analysis of women's higher education participation and a range of other variables identified as indicators of or mediators for social change. This analysis reveals the existence of four underlying factors showing the structural interrelationship between the variables.
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- 2017
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12. What Do the Stats Tell Us? Engaging Elementary Children in Probabilistic Reasoning Based on Data Analysis
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Hourigan, Mairéad and Leavy, Aisling
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As part of Japanese Lesson study research focusing on "comparing and describing likelihoods", fifth grade elementary students used real-world data in decision-making. Sporting statistics facilitated opportunities for informal inference, where data were used to make and justify predictions.
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- 2016
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13. The Problems with a 'Fact'-Focused Approach in Environmental Communication: The Case of Environmental Risk Information about Tidal Flat Developments in Japan
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Yamashita, Hiromi
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One of the main approaches used in communicating environmental issues to citizens is conveying "factual" information about a particular environment. However, despite previous research and recommendations made by critical environmental educators, there still seems to be a belief that the more "factual" information one can convey, the more citizens will become aware of the issue, and this will prompt them to change their behaviours. In this article, I will argue that continuing with a "fact"-focused practice in Japan and elsewhere could be problematic for three key reasons: (1) it ignores diversity in the "facts" provided to people; (2) it reinforces the "hierarchy of knowledge"; and (3) it ignores the "myth of nature" among information receivers and senders. Key recommendations for incorporating a critical environmental education approach include utilising locally available environmental information on contentious environmental issues; investigating particular terminology used and missing information (including tacit knowledge); and encouraging critical learning about statistics and pictorial representations.
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- 2015
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14. Intended Treatments of Arithmetic Average in U.S. and Asian School Mathematics Textbooks.
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Cai, Jinfa, Lo, Jane Jane, and Watanabe, Tad
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Examines how selected U.S. and Asian mathematics curricula are designed to facilitate students' understanding of the arithmetic average. Discusses similarities and differences of learning goals, focuses, and concepts among U.S. commercial, Asian, and U.S. reform curriculum series. (Author/KHR)
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- 2002
15. Probability and Statistics Teaching in Japanese Senior High School.
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Miwa, Tatsuro
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The status of probability and statistics in the current Japanese curriculum is discussed. Data from the Second International Mathematics Study are cited, and the course of study is included. (MNS)
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- 1986
16. Mathematics Education. Selected Papers from the Conference on Stochastic Processes and Their Applications. (15th, Nagoya, Japan, July 2-5, 1985).
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Nagoya Univ. (Japan)., Hida, Takeyuki, and Shimizu, Akinobu
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This volume contains the papers and comments from the Workshop on Mathematics Education, a special session of the 15th Conference on Stochastic Processes and Their Applications, held in Nagoya, Japan, July 2-5, 1985. Topics covered include: (1) probability; (2) statistics; (3) deviation; (4) Japanese mathematics curriculum; (5) statistical education; (6) programmable calculators; (7) limit theorems; (8) Poisson distribution; (9) French curriculum for high school and college; (10) middle school curriculum, People's Republic of China; (11) New Zealand curriculum; and (12) reforms in Korean curriculum. (JM)
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- 1986
17. Mathematics Achievement of Secondary School Students in Japan. NIER Occasional Paper 02/87.
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National Inst. for Educational Research, Tokyo (Japan).
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In 1980-82, the Second International Mathematics Study (SIMS) was conducted in 20 countries, including Japan. This study was conducted by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). This paper constitutes a summary of the research relating to the level of mathematics achievement of Japanese students. The tests administered to the students were designed to measure computation, comprehension, application, and analysis in the areas of: (1) sets, relations and functions; (2) number systems; (3) algebra; (4) geometry; (5) mathematical analysis; (6) probability and statistics; (7) measurement; and (8) finite mathematics. Scores on the tests were compared with the internationally averaged values of all 20 countries involved in the study. The achievement by Japanese students was found to be better than the international average in all content areas, but especially in the areas of geometry, algebra, and measurement. (TW)
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- 1987
18. Does Employment Status Matter for Emerging Adult Identity Development and Life Satisfaction? A Two-wave Longitudinal Study.
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Hatano, Kai, Hihara, Shogo, Tsuzuki, Manabu, Nakama, Reiko, and Sugimura, Kazumi
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PERSONALITY development , *GROUP identity , *SATISFACTION , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *DATA analysis , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *LONGITUDINAL method , *SURVEYS , *PART-time employment , *ANALYSIS of variance , *COGNITION disorders , *STATISTICS , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DATA analysis software , *EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Late emerging adulthood is pivotal for identity exploration and development and is interrelated with life satisfaction. In the development of identity and life satisfaction, it is important to have a stable employment status that supports the foundation of life. However, the interrelationships among identity, life satisfaction, and employment status in late emerging adulthood are unclear. Using a two-wave longitudinal survey, this study examined identity development and whether the relationship between identity and life satisfaction varies by employment status. Participants included 875 Japanese emerging adults (65.5% women, Mage = 24.74, SDage = 0.44). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that identity synthesis decreased for those who lost their jobs or those who changed from being full-time to part-time employment. Additionally, individuals with full-time employment had higher identity synthesis and lower confusion than those with part-time or no employment. Multi-group path analysis indicated that identity synthesis was positively associated with life satisfaction and confusion was negatively associated, and these relationships did not differ by employment status. These findings suggest that identity development in late emerging adulthood varies by employment status and that the association between identity and life satisfaction may not be moderated by employment status. Overall, this study contributes to elucidating the characteristics of identity development along employment status and its relationship to life satisfaction in late emerging adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Validating the short-version European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire for community-dwelling older adults in Japan.
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Matsuo, Rika, Fujita, Kimie, Miyazono, Mami, Miyasaka, Keiko, Yamanaka, Tomi, Yakushiji, Kanako, and Nagai, Atsushi
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HEALTH literacy , *STATISTICAL correlation , *MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques , *INDEPENDENT living , *DATA analysis , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *RESEARCH funding , *RESEARCH methodology evaluation , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SURVEYS , *RESEARCH methodology , *RESEARCH , *STATISTICAL reliability , *STATISTICS , *DATA analysis software ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
The European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) is available in multiple languages, and shortened versions have also been developed. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the short version of the questionnaire (HLS-Q12) developed for community-dwelling older adults in Japan. The HLS-Q12 was developed using 12 of the 47 items of the Japanese version of the HLS-EU-Q47. In this study, the survey was conducted by distributing self-administered questionnaires to community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years and older who consented to participate; their responses were collected by mail. The correlation between the HLS-Q12 and the HLS-EU-Q47 was tested to assess criterion validity. To test construct validity, nine novel hypotheses were proposed. We also conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of the HLS-Q12. Based on a resurvey after 5–7 days, test–retest reliability was examined using interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman analysis. In total, 118 individuals provided valid responses to the questionnaire. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the HLS-Q12 and the HLS-EU-Q47 was r = 0.98 (p < 0.001), and eight of the nine hypotheses were supported. The ICC was 0.96 (p < 0.001), and the 95% limit of agreement was −0.26 ± 5.9, suggesting no systematic error. Thus, the Japanese version of the HLS-Q12 was found to be reliable with high criterion validity and reproducibility. Hence, the HLS-Q12 is a useful scale for measuring health literacy among older adults in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Urological cancer statistics on incidence from 1975 to 2019 and mortality from 1958 to 2022 in Japan.
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Sasaki, Takeshi, Higashi, Takahiro, and Inoue, Takahiro
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BLADDER , *URINARY organs , *RENAL cancer , *BLADDER cancer , *DEATH rate , *AGE groups , *PROSTATE cancer - Abstract
Background: In Japan, comprehensive cancer statistics are collected through cancer registries. However, data on urological cancers are rarely summarized or published in research papers. Methods: This retrospective study was performed using publicly available statistical data on urological cancers (prostate cancer [PCa], bladder cancer [BCa], and cancers of kidney and urinary tract [except urinary bladder]) in Japan, including a summary of the Ministry's mortality statistics, cancer incidence statistics from the Regional Cancer Registries through 2015, and the National Cancer Registry statistics from 2016. We examined the incidence and mortality rates of urological cancers stratified by age groups. Results: The number of new cases of PCa, BCa, and cancers of kidney and urinary tract (except urinary bladder) in 2019 was 94,748, 23,383, and 30,458, respectively, and the number of deaths in 2022 was 13,439, 9,598, and 9,795, respectively. The incidence and mortality rates of urological cancers have consistently increased. Since 2000, there has been a noteworthy increase in the mortality rate of urological cancers among individuals aged > 85 years. The incidence and mortality rates of BCa and cancers of kidney and urinary tract (except urinary bladder) were significantly higher in males than in females. Conclusions: Urological cancers in very elderly patients (> 85 years) will become increasingly important in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Association between Internet Use and Locomotive Syndrome, Frailty, and Sarcopenia among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults.
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Hirose, Tamaki, Sawaya, Yohei, Ishizaka, Masahiro, Hashimoto, Naori, Watanabe, Miyoko, Itokazu, Masafumi, Kubo, Akira, and Urano, Tomohiko
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CROSS-sectional method ,INDEPENDENT living ,T-test (Statistics) ,DATA analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,JAPANESE people ,FRAIL elderly ,HUMAN beings ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,FISHER exact test ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,INTERNET ,MANN Whitney U Test ,CHI-squared test ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,AGE distribution ,ODDS ratio ,STATISTICS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,HUMAN locomotion ,SARCOPENIA ,OLD age - Abstract
In the lives of those who are the target of community health nursing, it is important to collaborate with individuals and communities to improve their quality of life. Herein, we aimed to determine the association between Internet use among older individuals and locomotive syndrome (LS), frailty, and sarcopenia. In this cross-sectional study conducted between July 2022 and March 2023, we recruited 105 community-dwelling older Japanese adults who participated in a care prevention project called "Kayoi-no-ba". All participants were divided into Internet and non-Internet user groups according to the classification of a previous study. We assessed LS (standing test, two-step test, and five-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale), frailty (through the Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old-Old), and sarcopenia (grip strength, normal walking speed, and skeletal muscle mass index) and made group comparisons between Internet users and non-users. Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed with Internet use as the independent variable and sarcopenia or LS as the dependent variables. The Internet and non-Internet user groups had 69 and 36 participants, respectively. The Internet user group comprised 65.7% of all participants, which was similar to that reported in a previous study of the same age group. Between-group comparisons showed significant differences in sarcopenia and LS items, whereas adjusted binomial logistic analysis showed a significant association between sarcopenia and Internet use. In summary, among LS, frailty, and sarcopenia, sarcopenia showed the highest association with Internet use. Older adults without sarcopenia having good physical functions, such as grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle index, more likely used the Internet; while older adults with sarcopenia were less likely to use the Internet. This implied that Internet use may be associated with physical function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Impact of the endoscopic surgical skill qualification system on conversion to laparotomy after low anterior resection for rectal cancer in Japan (a secondary analysis of the EnSSURE study).
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Goto, Koki, Watanabe, Jun, Nagasaki, Toshiya, Uemura, Mamoru, Ozawa, Heita, Kurose, Yohei, Akagi, Tomonori, Ichikawa, Nobuki, Iijima, Hiroaki, Inomata, Masafumi, Taketomi, Akinobu, Naitoh, Takeshi, Furutani, Akinobu, Kanazawa, Akiyoshi, Noda, Akiyoshi, Ishibe, Atsushi, Tani, Chikayoshi, Yamamoto, Daisuke, Fujita, Fumihiko, and Teraishi, Fuminori
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RISK assessment , *PREOPERATIVE period , *SECONDARY analysis , *ACADEMIC medical centers , *LAPAROSCOPIC surgery , *ABDOMINAL surgery , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *TISSUE adhesions , *SURGICAL anastomosis , *ENDOSCOPIC surgery , *CANCER patients , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CERTIFICATION , *SURGICAL blood loss , *SURGICAL complications , *LONGITUDINAL method , *ODDS ratio , *CLINICAL competence , *STATISTICS , *NATIONAL competency-based educational tests , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *PHYSICIANS , *DATA analysis software , *ENDOSCOPY , *BOWEL obstructions , *DISEASE risk factors ,RECTUM tumors - Abstract
Background and aims: Conversion to laparotomy is among the serious intraoperative complications and carries an increased risk of postoperative complications. In this cohort study, we investigated whether or not the Endoscopic Surgical Skill Qualification System (ESSQS) affects the conversion rate among patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Methods: We performed a retrospective secondary analysis of data collected from patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for cStage II and III rectal cancer from 2014 to 2016 across 56 institutions affiliated with the Japan Society of Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery. Data from the original EnSSURE study were analyzed to investigate risk factors for conversion to laparotomy by performing univariate and multivariate analyses based on the reason for conversion. Results: Data were collected for 3,168 cases, including 65 (2.1%) involving conversion to laparotomy. Indicated conversion accounted for 27 cases (0.9%), while technical conversion accounted for 35 cases (1.1%). The multivariate analysis identified the following independent risk factors for indicated conversion to laparotomy: tumor diameter [mm] (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.05, p = 0.0002), combined resection of adjacent organs [+/−] (OR 7.92, 95% CI 3.14–19.97, p < 0.0001), and surgical participation of an ESSQS-certified physician [−/+] (OR 4.46, 95% CI 2.01–9.90, p = 0.0002). The multivariate analysis identified the following risk factors for technical conversion to laparotomy: registered case number of institution (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99–1.00, p = 0.0029), institution type [non-university/university hospital] (OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.54–8.04, p = 0.0028), combined resection of adjacent organs [+/−] (OR 5.96, 95% CI 2.15–16.53, p = 0.0006), and surgical participation of an ESSQS-certified physician [−/+] (OR 6.26, 95% CI 3.01–13.05, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Participation of ESSQS-certified physicians may reduce the risk of both indicated and technical conversion. Referral to specialized institutions, such as high-volume centers and university hospitals, especially for patients exhibiting relevant background risk factors, may reduce the risk of conversion to laparotomy and lead to better outcomes for patients. Trial Registration: This study was registered with the Japanese Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000040645. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Traditional and Social Media Usage Associated With COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Sapporo, Japan.
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Sunohara, Satoshi, Asakura, Toshiaki R., Kimura, Takashi, Saijo, Masayuki, and Tamakoshi, Akiko
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SOCIAL media ,WORLD Wide Web ,RESEARCH funding ,VACCINATION ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,COVID-19 vaccines ,TELEVISION ,NEWSPAPERS ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,INFORMATION resources ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,ODDS ratio ,CASE-control method ,STATISTICS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,COVID-19 - Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship between specific information source usage and uptake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. We analyzed 3348 participants aged 20 to 65 years who were not diagnosed with COVID-19 in a case-control study in Sapporo, Japan. The most prevalent information source on COVID-19 was television (TV; 87.8%), followed by online news sites (74.3%), newspapers (38.7%), websites of public institutions (30.9%), and families (29.7%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the adjusted odds ratios of incompletion of second vaccinations for users of TV and newspaper to gather COVID-19 information were 0.31 and 0.32, respectively, whereas those for users of books, commercial video sites, Facebook, and "personal blog or bulletin board system" were 3.34, 2.22, 2.36, and 4.81, respectively. Social media use among older or male participants was associated with lower vaccine uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Narrative premiums in policy persuasion.
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Kawata, Keisuke, McElwain, Kenneth Mori, and Nakabayashi, Masaki
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PERSUASION (Psychology) , *SINGLE parents , *SINGLE mothers , *STATISTICS , *NARRATIVES - Abstract
Survey experiments have shown mixed results about the effect of information provision on attitudes toward controversial policies. We argue that one reason is varied receptiveness to different modes of information. Prior research suggests that people selectively ignore factual, statistical information that contradicts prior beliefs but are more attentive to narrative information that describes individual experiences. We test this in the context of Japanese attitudes toward poverty relief programs, which are less popular than other welfare expenditures. Using a conjoint survey, we show that there is a "narrative premium": Respondents who are shown a narrative story about the plight of a single mother are more likely to support higher expenditures on poverty relief than those who are shown statistical information about the share of single parents living in poverty. This premium is particularly effective in strengthening the convictions of those who are already aware of levels of societal poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Pharmacists' perception of evidence-based practice and experience in over-the-counter counseling: A cross-sectional study in Japan.
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Nanako Uchiyama, Masaki Shoji, and Mitsuko Onda
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WORK ,CROSS-sectional method ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,RESEARCH funding ,DATA analysis ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PHARMACISTS ,STATISTICS ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,COUNSELING ,QUALITY assurance ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,PHARMACISTS' attitudes ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,NONPRESCRIPTION drugs ,HOSPITAL pharmacies - Abstract
Background: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is essential for pharmacists to select and recommend over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in medical consultations (hereinafter referred to as OTC counseling). Objectives: This study examined the association between pharmacists' perceptions of EBPs and their implementation of OTC counseling. Methods: A web-based survey was conducted. Questions regarding pharmacists' perceptions of EBP and experience in OTC counseling were set, and respondents were asked to respond based on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The association between pharmacists' perceptions of EBP and experience in OTC counseling was examined by calculating Spearman's ρ using bivariate correlation analysis. Results: Responses were obtained from 250 pharmacists. Although 70% of respondents indicated that EBP improves service quality, only 39, 31, and 14% had knowledge of the EBP steps, conducted a literature search, and performed a critical appraisal, respectively. Regarding OTC counseling experience, only 31% of respondents indicated that "sufficient evidence information on OTC drugs has been obtained." Over 60% of respondents expressed the need for OTC usage guidelines and support tools and revealed that brand-specific purchases of OTC drugs make EBP difficult. An association was observed between pharmacists' perceptions of EBP and experience in OTC counseling. "Level of recognition of steps for practicing evidence-based medicine" was associated with the "need fulfillment level for evidence information" (ρ = 0.329, P < 0.001), "brand-specific purchases of OTC drugs" (ρ = 0.240, P < 0.001), "perception of product advertisement" (ρ = 0.227, P < 0.001), and "need for OTC guidelines" (ρ = 0.208, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Pharmacists' perceptions of EBP were associated with their experience in OTC counseling [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. A survey of screening and support systems for socially high‐risk pregnancies at obstetric facilities in Japan.
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Otsuka, Kumiko, Okatsu, Aiko, Wada, Satoko, Mitsuda, Nobuaki, and Kataoka, Yaeko
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MATERNAL health services , *HOSPITALS , *MEETINGS , *PATIENT aftercare , *STATISTICS , *SOCIAL support , *HEALTH facilities , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *CROSS-sectional method , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *MIDWIFERY , *LOCAL government , *TELEPHONES , *MEDICAL screening , *HIGH-risk pregnancy , *EXECUTIVES , *CLINICS , *MEDICAL care , *BIRTHING centers , *PREGNANT women , *FISHER exact test , *HUMAN services programs , *SURVEYS , *PSYCHOLOGY of women , *RESEARCH funding , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *PUERPERIUM , *HEALTH care teams , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DATA analysis software , *ODDS ratio , *ROUTINE diagnostic tests , *DISCHARGE planning , *EMAIL - Abstract
Aim: To clarify the state of screening and support systems for socially high‐risk pregnant women at obstetric facilities across Japan and identify the characteristics of facilities related to the implementation of screening. Methods: This cross‐sectional study used a self‐administered questionnaire. Participants were managers of hospitals, clinics, and midwifery birth centers handling deliveries in 47 prefectures across Japan. The questionnaire comprised items regarding the characteristics of participants and their facilities, service provision related to socially high‐risk women available at the facility, the number of specified pregnant women (tokutei ninpu) per year, methods of screening, and support systems within the obstetric facilities. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed using IBM‐SPSS version 24 for the association between facility characteristics and screening practices for socially high‐risk pregnant women. Results: Valid responses were received from 716 of 2512 obstetric facilities. Rates of specified expectant mothers per annual number of deliveries were identified as follows: perinatal medical centers (2.7%), general hospitals (1.6%), obstetrics and gynecology hospitals (1.0%), and clinics (0.8%). A total of 426 facilities (60.6%) reported screening all expectant mothers to identify socially high‐risk pregnant women. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that facility characteristics and service/care provision related to screening practices included availability of in‐hospital midwife‐led care and in‐hospital midwifery clinics (adjusted odds ratio 1.61; 95% CI [1.30, 1.47]), one‐on‐one care by midwife (1.73; 95% CI [1.15, 2.59]), multidisciplinary meetings within the facility (1.70; 95% CI [1.14, 2.56]), follow‐up support systems after discharge (1.90; 95% CI [1.17, 3.09]), and participation in the regional council for children in need of protection (2.33; 95% CI [1.13, 4.81]). Conclusions: Approximately 60% of surveyed obstetric facilities screen for socially high‐risk women. Increasing service provision at facilities may be necessary to implement screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. Association Between History of Psychiatric Disorder and Degree of Physical Injury Among Suicide Attempters: Secondary Data Analysis in a Japanese Rural Area.
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Tanji, Fumiya, Miyamoto, Syohei, Iwasawa, Atsushi, Ohta, Hidenobu, and Ono, Kyoichi
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STATISTICS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,RURAL conditions ,CROSS-sectional method ,REGRESSION analysis ,FISHER exact test ,SUICIDAL behavior ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,WOUNDS & injuries ,DATA analysis ,DATA analysis software ,MENTAL illness ,SECONDARY analysis ,POISSON distribution - Abstract
Introduction: While there may be differences in the choice of suicide methods between attempters with and those without a history of psychiatric disorders, it is not clear whether these differences predict the actual degree of physical injury. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the history of psychiatric disorder and the degree of physical injury among suicide attempters in a Japanese rural area. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study analyzing secondary data of 806 suicide attempters from April 2012 to March 2022 obtained from a Japanese rural city. The exposure variable was a history of psychiatric disorders. The primary outcome was the degree of physical injury of suicide attempters: moderate and severe. We conducted a multivariate Poisson regression analysis to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among 806 suicide attempters, a significant negative association between the history of psychiatric disorder and the degree of physical injury was observed (PR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.28-0.59). Those with and without psychiatric disorders were more likely to choose low- and severe-lethality suicide methods such as drug or psychotropic overdoses and hanging or deep wrist injuries, respectively (P <.001). Conclusions: The present study highlights the importance of considering suicide attempters, both with and without psychiatric disorders, while formulating targeted suicide prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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28. Incidence and clinical risk factors of Bednar's aphthae in Japanese newborns.
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Narukama, Risako, Takahashi, Keigo, Arimitsu, Takeshi, Hara‐Isono, Kaori, Shimizu, Hajime, and Ikeda, Kazushige
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STATISTICS , *CROSS-sectional method , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *RISK assessment , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *ODDS ratio , *LONGITUDINAL method , *DISEASE risk factors , *CHILDREN ,CONNECTIVE tissue tumors - Abstract
Background: The etiology of Bednar's aphthae remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the incidence of, and factors associated with, Bednar's aphthae in a Japanese newborn cohort. Methods: A retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted on neonates discharged from the well‐baby nursery at Saitama City Hospital, Japan. The principal investigator carefully examined each neonate's oral cavity, up to and including the pharynx, with a light‐emitting diode (LED) headlight to determine the presence of Bednar's aphthae. Maternal and neonatal clinical characteristics were first compared between neonates with and those without Bednar's aphthae by univariate analysis. Variables with significant inter‐group differences upon univariate analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic‐regression model. Results: This study enrolled 1996 infants. We observed Bednar's aphthae in 9.3% of the Japanese newborn infants who were included. When restricted to infants who were born via vaginal delivery, 13.2% of them had aphthae. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified vaginal delivery (odds ratio = 6.19, p < 0.0001) in Model 1, and vaginal delivery (odds ratio = 6.73, p < 0.0001) and birth weight (odds ratio = 0.9995, p = 0.034) in Model 2 as independent risk factors for the disease. Conclusion: This is the first report of the prevalence of Bednar's aphthae among Japanese neonates. Vaginal delivery was identified as the strongest risk factor. Although confounding between mode of delivery and mechanical stimuli associated with sucking was not found in this study, the findings pave the way for a better understanding of the etiology of Bednar's aphthae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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29. Impact of school closures on pediatric ambulance transport in Japan.
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Takeuchi, Shinya, Minami, Marina, Asabe, Yuina, Miyauchi, Masato, Suganuma, Narufumi, and Nishiyama, Kingo
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DATA analysis , *SCHOOLS , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *SEX distribution , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHI-squared test , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *SEVERITY of illness index , *STAY-at-home orders , *PEDIATRICS , *ODDS ratio , *AMBULANCES , *STATISTICS , *COVID-19 pandemic , *TRANSPORTATION of patients - Abstract
Background: After the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, nationwide school closures were implemented in many countries. This study aimed to determine the impact of the school closures on pediatric ambulance transport, comparing the situation before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted using data from the Kochi‐Iryo.net database. In Kochi prefecture, schools were closed from March 6 to May 24, 2020. Pediatric emergency transport during the school closure period in 2020 was compared with that in the same period in 2019 (before the COVID‐19 pandemic) and in 2021 (when schools were not closed). Statistical analysis comprised χ2 tests with Bonferroni adjustments for multiple testing. To adjust for patient backgrounds, we also performed multiple logistic regression analyses for numbers of pediatric ambulance transports. Results: The rate of pediatric ambulance transports was significantly lower (p = 0.008) in 2020 (276; 3.97%) than in 2019 (391; 4.87%), but there was no significant difference (p = 0.360) between 2019 (391; 4.87%) and 2021 (352; 4.56%). Multivariable analysis revealed similar trends (2019 vs. 2020: OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73–1.00; 2019 vs. 2021: OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.82–1.11). Regarding the characteristics of pediatric ambulance transport journeys, there were no significant differences in 2019, 2020, and 2021 in terms of sex, severity, locations of ambulance stations, and disease classification. Conclusions: There was a decrease in pediatric ambulance transportation due to the public health interventions for COVID‐19, including school closures. However, this decrease was not solely due to school closures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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30. Frailty Progression in Older Adults during the Start Phase of Vaccination Programs against COVID-19.
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Tamaki Hirose, Yohei Sawaya, Takahiro Shiba, Masahiro Ishizaka, Ko Onoda, Akira Kubo, and Tomohiko Urano
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DISEASE progression ,VACCINATION ,STATISTICS ,FRAIL elderly ,COVID-19 ,IMMUNIZATION ,COVID-19 vaccines ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,COMMUNITY support ,FISHER exact test ,MANN Whitney U Test ,MEDICAL protocols ,SURVEYS ,T-test (Statistics) ,INDEPENDENT living ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,REHABILITATION ,VACCINATION status ,DATA analysis ,DATA analysis software ,LONGITUDINAL method ,OUTPATIENT services in hospitals ,OLD age - Abstract
Background: No studies have so far explored differences in frailty between groups of individuals who are vaccinated/unvaccinated against COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate frailty progression in community-dwelling individuals requiring care/support who were using outpatient rehabilitation services during the start phase of vaccination programs against COVID-19. Methods: A longitudinal survey using the Frailty Screening Index was administered in April 2020, September 2020, and June 2021 to 74 older adults (43 males, 31 females; age, 78.2 ± 7.2; mean ± standard deviation) requiring long-term care/support and using outpatient rehabilitation services. Participants were divided into the vaccinated (those who had received COVID-19 vaccinations; 41 participants) and unvaccinated (those who had not been vaccinated; 33 participants) groups. The Frailty Screening Index and frailty rating (robust, pre-frailty/frailty) at each of the three periods were analyzed using the Cochran's Q test. The resulting items and ratings with significant differences underwent post-hoc testing with the Bonferroni correction. Results: Concerning the frailty rating (robust, pre-frailty/frailty), pre-frailty/frailty increased significantly only in the unvaccinated group. Its post hoc tests showed that pre-frailty/frailty increased significantly from April 2020 to June 2021 and from September 2020 to June 2021. Conclusions: We find a difference in frailty progression between groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated community-dwelling older adults requiring care/support who were using outpatient rehabilitation services at the beginning of coronavirus vaccination programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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31. Policy borrowing of the Common European Framework of Reference for languages (CEFR) in Japan: an analysis of the interplay between global education trends and national policymaking.
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Nishimura-Sahi, Oshie
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POLICY sciences ,FEDERAL government ,FOREIGN language education ,EDUCATION research ,STATISTICS - Abstract
This paper aims to show the complex overlapping and interaction with exogenous influences in the processes of national policymaking by analysing a case of policy borrowing in Japan. Specifically, it explores the political circumstances under which the Council of Europe Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) was introduced to foreign language education policy at the national government level in Japan. The results suggest that the CEFR was borrowed selectively as a practical solution to achieve prolonged educational and political agendas promoted by multiple actors such as academics, the Ministry of Education (MEXT), and a group of politicians and business associations. This study moreover shows that the CEFR borrowing occurred under manifold interplays between multiple global education trends and domestic needs for Japanese citizens to acquire a practical communicative command of English to strengthen their international economic competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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32. Risk factors for discontinuation of exclusive breast feeding within 1month: a retrospective cohort study in Japan.
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Yasuda, Shun, Fukuda, Toma, Toba, Naoya, Kamo, Norihito, Imaizumi, Karin, Yokochi, Midori, Okawara, Tomoko, Takano, Seiko, Yoshida, Hideko, Kobayashi, Nobuko, Kudo, Shingo, Miyazaki, Kyohei, Hosoya, Mamiko, Sato, Kenichi, Takano, Kei, Kanno, Aya, Murata, Tsuyoshi, Kyozuka, Hyo, Yamaguchi, Akiko, and Ito, Fumihiro
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STATISTICS , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *WOMEN , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *RISK assessment , *BREASTFEEDING , *PUERPERIUM , *MEDICAL records , *SMOKING , *PASSIVE smoking , *LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: While breastfeeding provides benefits for infants and the mother, many women either do not breastfeed or terminate breastfeeding earlier than recommended. The aim of this analysis was to identify factors associated with early discontinuation of breastfeeding in Japanese women. Methods: This study used data from medical records of women delivering a singleton live birth between March 2017 and August 2019 in Iwase General Hospital, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan to assess cessation of breastfeeding by the 1-month postpartum appointment. Demographic (age at birth, and employment status), medical (parity, and physical and mental condition of the mother; and infant medical factors, such as sex, Apgar score, and jaundice, among other), and family factors (husband/partner, family members living at the same house, among others) in 734 women who had initiated breastfeeding during their delivery hospital stay were examined, and multiple logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding. Results: Bivariate analysis revealed that women who were primipara, unmarried, exposed to secondhand smoke, and employed; those who smoked before pregnancy; and those who had asthma were more likely to discontinue exclusive breastfeeding than other women. Infant factors associated with discontinuation were lower birthweight, earlier gestational age, neonatal intensive care unit admission, treatment for jaundice, or lower weight gain. Multivariable analysis revealed that primiparity, passive smoking before pregnancy, maternal employment, and neonatal jaundice therapy were associated with discontinuation of breastfeeding. Conclusions: In particular, women whose partners smoked before pregnancy may need to be targeted for additional support for breastfeeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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33. Correlation Between Voluntary HIV Testing and Public Awareness of HIV Using Google Trends in Japan.
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Ishimaru, Tomohiro, Yoshida, Tatsuya, and Fujino, Yoshihisa
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DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections ,AIDS diagnosis ,STATISTICS ,INTERNET searching ,PUBLIC health ,MAPS ,SEARCH engines ,TIME series analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DATA analysis software ,HEALTH promotion - Abstract
The aim of this article was to evaluate the correlation between the number of voluntary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests conducted and public awareness according to Internet search volumes from Google Trends. We used bivariate correlations to assess the relationship between the Internet search frequency for each term of HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the number of HIV tests, by time series and prefecture. We observed positive correlations between search frequencies of the terms HIV and AIDS and the number of HIV tests in both time-series analysis (HIV: r = 0.65, P <.001; AIDS: r = 0.73, P <.001) and analysis by prefecture (HIV: r = 0.71, P <.001; AIDS: r = 0.40, P =.001). The findings of this study indicate that the current stagnant number of HIV tests conducted in Japan reflects declining public awareness regarding HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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34. Association between exposure to secondhand smoking at home and tooth loss in Japan: A cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey.
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Yuko Inoue, Takashi Zaitsu, Oshiro Akiko, Miho Ishimaru, Kento Taira, Hideto Takahashi, Jun Aida, and Nanako Tamiya
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HOME environment , *STATISTICS , *TOOTH loss , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *CROSS-sectional method , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *SURVEYS , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PASSIVE smoking , *RESIDENTIAL patterns , *ODDS ratio , *ENVIRONMENTAL exposure - Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tooth loss affects oral health and physical and social functions. With widespread population aging, its prevalence is increasing. Secondhand smoking is a risk factor for oral diseases; however, in Japan, there are currently no regulations restricting exposure to secondhand smoke at home. This cross-sectional study examined the association between secondhand smoking at home and tooth loss among Japanese adults. METHODS The study examined secondary data from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. The self-reported responses of 18812 non-smokers aged ≥20 years were analyzed. The association between exposure to secondhand smoke at home and number of teeth was examined through multiple linear regression with multiple imputation. To obtain a more normal distribution, logarithmic transformation was applied to the number of teeth that deviated substantially from a normal distribution. Adjustments were made for sex, age, occupation, household size, dental check-up within the past year, and exposure to secondhand smoke outside the home. RESULTS Overall, 8.4% of the respondents were exposed to secondhand smoking at home almost every day; this percentage was larger among younger respondents, who also had more teeth than the older respondents. Although the univariate linear regression did not show a positive association between exposure to secondhand smoke and tooth loss, the multivariate-adjusted analysis revealed that respondents who were exposed to secondhand smoke at home almost every day had fewer teeth (β= -0.04; 95% CI: -0.07 - -0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that exposure to secondhand smoke at home increases the risk of tooth loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
35. Exploring attitudes about evidence-based practice among speech-language pathologists: A survey of Japan and Malaysia.
- Author
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Chu, Shin Ying, Hara, Yuki, Wong, Chiew Hock, Higashikawa, Mari, McConnell, Grace E., and Lim, Annette
- Subjects
KRUSKAL-Wallis Test ,STATISTICS ,RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,PROFESSIONS ,RESEARCH evaluation ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,RESEARCH methodology ,ONE-way analysis of variance ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,MEDICAL personnel ,MANN Whitney U Test ,T-test (Statistics) ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SEARCH engines ,RESEARCH funding ,CONTENT analysis ,DATA analysis ,STATISTICAL correlation ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Purpose: To investigate speech-language pathologists' current perceptions, previous training experiences, resources, barriers, and training needs in terms of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in two Asian countries. Method: Their knowledge and attitudes about EBP were explored using an online questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was conducted with consideration of the effect of demographic variables on knowledge and attitudes about EBP. Result: Malaysian speech-language pathologists (n = 98) displayed more positive attitudes toward EBPs, with a significantly higher (t (143) = 5.91, p <.01) total mean score (Mean = 120.7, SD = 11) compared to the Japanese speech-language pathologists (n = 47, Mean = 107.8, SD = 13.5). Malaysian practitioners who were female, worked full-time, and worked in government settings reported higher motivation to develop EBP skills. Japanese practitioners who worked in private sectors reported higher EBPs training needs than those in government settings. In both countries, speech-language pathologists with higher education levels tended to express fewer perceived barriers towards EBP. Conclusion: Findings could help local governance and speech-language pathologist associations to understand the current practices and professional development needs of speech-language pathologists, leading to more effective training programs and educating employers and managers who can reinforce EBP among practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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36. Postpartum Depressive Symptoms as a Mediator Between Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and Maternal-Infant Bonding in Japan.
- Author
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Park, Soim, Greene, M. Claire, Melby, Melissa K., Fujiwara, Takeo, and Surkan, Pamela J.
- Subjects
- *
STATISTICS , *POSTPARTUM depression , *STATISTICAL reliability , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *MOTHER-infant relationship , *PARENT-infant relationships , *INTIMATE partner violence , *RESEARCH funding , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *FACTOR analysis , *EMOTIONS , *PATH analysis (Statistics) , *STATISTICAL correlation , *DATA analysis , *DATA analysis software , *WOMEN'S health , *EDINBURGH Postnatal Depression Scale , *PREGNANCY ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Studies show that experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is related to poor maternal–infant bonding. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. This article aims to examine whether maternal postpartum depressive (PPD) symptoms mediate the association between pregnancy IPV and maternal–infant bonding, and whether the relationship differs by maternal–infant bonding subscales—lack of affection, anger/rejection. A survey was conducted among women who participated in a postpartum health check-up program in Aichi prefecture, Japan (N = 6,590) in 2012. We examined whether experiences of emotional and physical IPV were related to maternal–infant bonding and whether PPD symptoms mediated this relationship. Path analysis showed that emotional and physical IPV were associated with PPD symptoms, and PPD symptoms predicted poor bonding. The total effect of emotional IPV on poor bonding was significant, showing a marginally significant direct effect and statistically significant indirect effect. The total effect of physical IPV on poor bonding was not statistically significant. Emotional IPV was significantly associated with both lack of affection and anger/rejection bonding subscales, which were similarly mediated by PPD symptoms. Findings revealed a modest indirect association between IPV, emotional IPV in particular, and poor maternal–infant bonding, which was mediated by PPD symptoms. While prevention of IPV is the ultimate goal, the treatment of PPD symptoms among women who experience IPV during pregnancy may improve maternal–infant bonding and mitigate cross-generational effects of IPV. Identifying opportunities for detection of IPV and PPD symptoms, as well as prevention and early intervention, may improve maternal–infant bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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37. Comparison of Japan nurse practitioner‐led care and physician trainee‐led care on patients' length of stay in a secondary emergency department: A retrospective study.
- Author
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Uranaka, Keiichi, Takaira, Hitoshi, Shinohara, Ryoji, and Yamagata, Zentaro
- Subjects
- *
LENGTH of stay in hospitals , *EVALUATION of medical care , *STATISTICS , *RELATIVE medical risk , *NURSE administrators , *HOSPITAL medical staff , *HEALTH facilities , *HOSPITAL emergency services , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *NURSING , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *NURSING specialties , *AGE distribution , *OUTPATIENT medical care management , *MEDICAL care , *PATIENTS , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *COMPARATIVE studies , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *SEX distribution , *T-test (Statistics) , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CRITICAL care medicine , *PHYSICIANS , *STATISTICAL correlation , *DATA analysis , *NURSING diagnosis - Abstract
Aim: We compared Japan nurse practitioner‐led care and physician trainee‐led care in terms of patients' length of stay in a secondary emergency department in Japan. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study, utilizing medical records. Participants (n = 1419; mean age = 63.9 ± 23.4 years; 52.3% men) were patients transferred to the emergency department by ambulance between April 2016 and March 2018 in western Tokyo. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed, with length of stay as the dependent variable and factors related to the length of stay, including medical care leaders, as the independent variable. Results: Approximately half of the patients (n = 763; 53.8%) received Japan nurse practitioner‐led care. Patients' length of stay was significantly shorter, by 6 min, in the Japan nurse practitioner‐led care group, compared with the physician trainee‐led care group (unstandardized coefficient: −6.81; 95% confidence interval: −13.35 to −0.26; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients' shorter length of stay in the Japan nurse practitioner group, compared with the physician trainee group, suggests that Japan nurse practitioners are not inferior to physician trainees in terms of the time spent to manage patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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38. Findings from University of Tokyo in Cancer Reported (Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Treatment Statistics of Cancers In Digestive Organs-japanese Cancer Statistics 2024).
- Subjects
MORTALITY ,CANCER treatment ,DIGESTIVE organs ,STATISTICS ,BILIARY tract - Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Tokyo provides comprehensive statistical data on the incidence, mortality, survival, and treatment of major digestive organ cancers in Japan. The study highlights the importance of accurate statistical data for effective cancer control activities, research, policy development, and clinical care. The findings indicate a downward trend in mortality for stomach and liver cancers, stable or declining rates for other cancers except pancreatic cancer, and an increase in endoscopic procedures for esophageal and stomach cancers. The researchers emphasize the critical role of the National Cancer Registry in ensuring accurate incidence statistics. This statistical overview aims to improve understanding and inform research, policy, and clinical decisions in the field of digestive organ cancers. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
39. Age Differences in Change-of-Direction Performance and Its Subelements in Female Football Players.
- Author
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Norikazu Hirose and Chikako Nakahori
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BODY composition ,ADOLESCENCE ,AGE distribution ,ANALYSIS of variance ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,ATHLETIC ability ,STATISTICAL correlation ,EXERCISE physiology ,EXERCISE tests ,MOTOR ability ,MUSCLE strength ,PROBABILITY theory ,REGRESSION analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCCER ,STATISTICS ,WOMEN athletes ,DATA analysis ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,EFFECT sizes (Statistics) ,CROSS-sectional method ,EXERCISE intensity ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Purpose: To describe cross-sectional age differences in change-of-direction performance (CODp) in female football players and investigate the relationship between CODp and linear-sprint speed, muscle power, and body size. Methods: A sample of 135 well-trained female football players was divided into 8 age groups. Anthropometry (height, body mass, and lean body mass) and athletic performance (10-m sprint speed, 10-m x 5-CODp, and 5-step bounding distance) were compared to determine interage differences using ANOVA. Then, the participants were divided into 3 age groups: 12- to 14-y-olds, 15- to 17-y-olds, and =18 y-olds. Simple- and multiple-regression analyses were conducted to determine the correlation between CODp and the other measurement variables in each age group. Results: Age-related differences were found for CODp (F = 10.41, P < .01), sprint speed (F = 3.27, P < .01), and bounding distance (F = 4.20, P < .01). Post hoc analysis revealed that the CODp of 17-y-old players was faster than that of 16-y-old players (P < .01), with no interage differences in sprint speed and bounding distance. Sprint speed and bounding distance were weakly correlated with CODp in 15- to =18-y-old players, but only sprint speed was correlated with CODp in 12- to 14-y-old players. Conclusions: CODp improves from 16 to 17 y of age in female players. Linear-sprint speed, muscle power, and body size were weakly correlated with the age differences in CODp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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40. Factors associated with access to health care among foreign residents living in Aichi Prefecture, Japan: secondary data analysis.
- Author
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Higuchi, Michiyo, Endo, Maki, and Yoshino, Asako
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- *
IMMIGRANTS , *STATISTICS , *HEALTH services accessibility , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *HEALTH status indicators , *MEDICAL referrals , *NATIONAL health insurance , *SECONDARY analysis , *INSURANCE - Abstract
Background: In Japan, foreign residents, and particularly new arrivals in the country, experience barriers to health care and show poorer health outcomes when compared to Japanese nationals. The health-care-related situation for foreign residents in Japan has been characterized by drastic changes over time; thus, there is difficulty identifying individuals who are "left behind" by the system. In this study, we aimed to identify, among foreign residents who attended informal free medical consultations, factors associated with "being advised to visit a medical facility" and "being referred to a medical facility," which represented hypothetical proxy indicators of barriers to health care. Methods: Secondary data analyses were conducted using the activity records of a non-governmental organization that provides free consultations targeting foreign residents in various locations in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Participant characteristics, including insurance coverage, were determined. Bivariate and multi-variate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with having barriers to health care. Results: Among 608 extracted cases, 164 (27.5%) cases were advised to visit a medical facility, and 72 (11.8%) were referred to a medical facility during the consultations. Those who were not covered by public insurance showed a 1.56-time (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–2.05) higher prevalence of being advised to visit a medical facility when compared to those who were covered by public insurance. Unemployed people and students were more likely to be referred to a medical facility than were professional workers; the prevalence ratios were 3.28 (95% CI: 1.64–6.57) and 2.77 (95% CI: 1.18–6.46), respectively. Conclusions: Although the majority were insured, almost 30% were advised to visit a medical facility, which implied that they had had limited access to the formal health-care system before availing of the free consultations. The findings highlight those uninsured, unemployed people and students, who are considered vulnerable to access to health care. It is vital to provide those who are vulnerable with the necessary support while updatinge evidence, so that no one is "left behind." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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41. Determining Factors of Volunteer Work Participation in Japan
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Kenichi Shimamoto
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Volunteer work ,linear regression panel model ,senior citizen ,urbanization ,Japan ,Statistics ,HA1-4737 - Abstract
With the growing awareness of the sustainability concept, society’s interest towards the consideration for the wider community and the environment has developed. Local Agenda 21 has supported the voluntary process of local community consultation with the aim to create local policies and programs that work towards achieving sustainable development. This has stimulated the need for community participation through local volunteer participants. This paper will apply prefecture level panel data for Japan to examine the determining factors of volunteer work participation. The main results show that prefectures with higher children and senior citizen population and prefectures with higher usage of the internet and media are more active in the overall participation of volunteer work. On the other hand, prefectures with stronger urbanization are less likely to participate in volunteer work.
- Published
- 2019
42. Empathy in Japanese paramedicine students: A cross‐sectional study.
- Author
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Beovich, Bronwyn and Williams, Brett
- Subjects
- *
COLLEGE students , *STATISTICS , *EMPATHY , *SELF-evaluation , *CROSS-sectional method , *RESEARCH methodology , *AGE distribution , *ONE-way analysis of variance , *RACE , *MANN Whitney U Test , *SEX distribution , *STUDENTS , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *DATA analysis software , *DATA analysis , *ALLIED health personnel , *PARAMEDICINE ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Empathy is an important characteristic for healthcare students and professionals that may improve the quality of healthcare interactions. Empathy has predominantly been studied within medicine, but also among various allied health personnel. Within paramedicine, empathy has previously been examined internationally, but not within Japan. This study used a descriptive, cross‐sectional methodology which aimed to examine self‐reported empathy in Japanese paramedic students using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, and compare results with similar international cohorts. Empathy levels in the Japanese cohort were higher among females compared to males. In addition, there was a decrease in empathy with each subsequent year of the paramedic program, and a general decrease as age increased. This contrasts with comparable Australian cohorts which demonstrate no significant change in empathy levels during the undergraduate program. Empathy levels measured in the Japanese paramedic cohort were generally lower than for Australian cohorts. The reasons for the differences are unclear at present and thus further research in this area is required to fully determine and describe the contributing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Loneliness and COVID-19 preventive behaviours among Japanese adults.
- Author
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Stickley, Andrew, Matsubayashi, Tetsuya, and Ueda, Michiko
- Subjects
STATISTICS ,COVID-19 ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,AGE distribution ,REGRESSION analysis ,MENTAL health ,LONELINESS ,HEALTH behavior ,EMPLOYMENT ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,MENTAL depression ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,ODDS ratio ,HAND washing ,SOCIAL distancing ,DATA analysis software ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Background There is some evidence that loneliness may be linked to poorer health behaviours. Despite this, there has been little research to date on the relationship between loneliness and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. We studied these associations in a sample of the Japanese population. Methods Data were analysed from an online survey of 2000 adults undertaken in April and May 2020. Loneliness was assessed with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale. Information was also collected on 13 COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Regression analyses were used to examine associations. Results In linear regression models adjusted for demographic and mental health variables, both dichotomous and continuous loneliness measures were negatively associated with engaging in COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Logistic regression analyses further showed that loneliness was also associated with reduced odds for a variety of individual preventive behaviours including wearing a mask (odds ratio [OR]: 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.95), disinfecting hands (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.94) and social distancing when outdoors (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61–0.92). Conclusions Loneliness is associated with lower engagement in COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Interventions to prevent or ameliorate loneliness during the ongoing pandemic may be important in combating the spread of the coronavirus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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44. The association between nurses' burnout and objective care quality indicators: a cross-sectional survey in long-term care wards.
- Author
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Eltaybani, Sameh, Yamamoto-Mitani, Noriko, Ninomiya, Ayako, and Igarashi, Ayumi
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout , *MEDICAL quality control , *WORK experience (Employment) , *STATISTICS , *STATISTICAL significance , *KEY performance indicators (Management) , *NURSE administrators , *CROSS-sectional method , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *REGRESSION analysis , *MANN Whitney U Test , *NURSING care facilities , *SURVEYS , *MATHEMATICAL variables , *CLINICAL medicine , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *QUALITY assurance , *NURSES , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *RESEARCH funding , *DATA analysis , *DATA analysis software , *LONG-term health care , *SECONDARY analysis , *NURSE-patient ratio - Abstract
Background: Worldwide, rather few studies have examined the association between burnout and care quality using objectively measured quality indicators, with most of the studies have relied on perceived quality outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between staff nurses' burnout and selected objective quality metrics in long-term care wards in Japan. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey. Nurse managers and staff nurses working at randomly selected hospitals with long-term care wards—the equivalent of skilled nursing homes in Western countries— completed self-administered, anonymous questionnaires. The questionnaires collected data regarding care quality indicators, staff nurses' burnout, and other confounders (e.g., ward size, participants' years of experience, and patients' conditions). All statistical analyses were conducted at the ward level. A multivariate regression analysis was used to examine associations between burnout and outcome indicators. Results: Data from 196 wards in 196 hospitals (196 nurse managers and 2473 staff nurses) across Japan were analyzed. Multivariate regression analysis showed that higher emotional exhaustion was associated with higher rates of pneumonia and pressure ulcers (p-value =.036 and.032, respectively), and that reduced personal accomplishment was associated with higher rates of tube feeding (p-value =.018). A larger ward size was also associated with low rates of pneumonia (regression coefficient = −.001, p-value =.019). Conclusions: Staff nurses' burnout is a significant determinant of care quality in long-term care wards, implying that organizations that implement burnout reducing strategies may see greater benefits in patient outcomes. A large ward size was significantly associated with better care outcomes—specifically, low rates of pneumonia. Future research needs to determine feasible quality improvement measures in small-scale long-term care facilities, and to provide more comprehensive insights on ward-level variables that influence care quality in long-term care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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45. Quality of life and associated factors in siblings of children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities: A cross‐sectional study.
- Author
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Wakimizu, Rie, Fujioka, Hiroshi, Nishigaki, Kaori, and Matsuzawa, Akemi
- Subjects
- *
CAREGIVERS , *FAMILIES , *PEOPLE with intellectual disabilities , *MOVEMENT disorders , *QUALITY of life , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *SELF-efficacy , *STATISTICS , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DATA analysis , *CHILDREN with disabilities , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHILDREN - Abstract
This study examined quality of life and its associated factors in siblings of children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities in Japan. The participants were 789 siblings of children with a disability and their primary caregivers. We used the Kinder Lebensqualität Fragebogen questionnaire to assess the quality of life of siblings. The mean age of the siblings was 12.21 ± 3.07 years, and the mean quality of life score was 69.63 ± 12.55 points, which is higher than that of the general population of children of the same age. It was revealed that the following factors contributed to higher quality of life scores: a closer relationship with the child with a disability, younger age, the primary caregiver's lower care burden, later birth order of siblings (i.e., younger siblings), higher family empowerment, and female gender of siblings. The relationship with the child with a disability had the strongest influence on siblings' quality of life. Our study suggests the need for nursing interventions that focus on the whole family to enhance siblings' quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Does Habitual Physical Activity Prevent Insomnia? A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study of Elderly Japanese.
- Author
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Inoue, Sachiko, Yorifuji, Takashi, Sugiyama, Masumi, Ohta, Toshiki, Ishikawa-Takata, Kazuko, and Doi, Hiroyuki
- Subjects
INSOMNIA treatment ,WALKING ,EXERCISE ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,SELF-evaluation ,STATISTICS ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DATA analysis ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,CROSS-sectional method ,PHYSICAL activity ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,OLD age - Abstract
Few epidemiological studies have examined the potential protective effects of physical activity on insomnia. The authors thus evaluated the association between physical activity and insomnia in a large population-based study in Shizuoka, Japan. Individual data were obtained from participants in an ongoing cohort study. A total of 14,001 older residents who completed questionnaires were followed for 3 yr. Of these, 10,211 and 3,697 participants were eligible for the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. The authors obtained information about the frequency of physical activity and insomnia. Then, the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals between physical activity and insomnia were estimated.Habitual physical activity was related to lower prevalence of insomnia. Frequent physical activity also reduced the incidence of insomnia, especially difficulty maintaining sleep. For elderly people with sufficient mobility and no preexisting disease, high-frequency physical activity (e.g., 5 or more days/wk) may help reduce insomnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Studies from National Cancer Center Have Provided New Information about Cancer (Do the General Public Get Cancer Statistics?-a Questionnaire Survey In Japan).
- Subjects
STATISTICS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,NEWSPAPER editors ,EPIDEMIOLOGY of cancer ,RESEARCH grants - Abstract
A recent study conducted in Japan found that the general public has limited knowledge of cancer statistics. The study aimed to understand the public's access to, trust in, and comprehension of cancer statistics through a population-based survey. The results showed that respondents, regardless of age or gender, were not frequently exposed to cancer statistics and did not necessarily have confidence in them. The study suggests that enhancing awareness of cancer statistics through visual tools and infographics could promote public prevention and early detection efforts. Educating cancer patients about relevant indicators can also boost their confidence in managing their condition. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
48. Validation of the Japanese version of the barriers questionnaire II in cancer pain management: a cross-sectional study.
- Author
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Sakakibara, Naoki, Komatsu, Hiroko, Takahashi, Mikako, Yamauchi, Hideko, Yamauchi, Teruo, and Doorenbos, Ardith Z.
- Subjects
- *
ANALGESICS , *CANCER treatment , *CANCER pain , *CLINICS , *STATISTICAL correlation , *DISCRIMINANT analysis , *FACTOR analysis , *HEALTH services accessibility , *MENTAL health , *PALLIATIVE treatment , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *STATISTICS , *PAIN management , *DATA analysis , *STATISTICAL reliability , *SPECIALTY hospitals , *MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques , *CROSS-sectional method , *RESEARCH methodology evaluation , *INTRACLASS correlation ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Background: The Barriers Questionnaire II (BQ-II) was developed to assess barriers to effective pain management. In this study, we aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the newly developed Japanese version of the BQ-II (JBQ-II). Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted an ambulatory infusion center for cancer in a general hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Participants were 120 Japanese patients with cancer and 21 Japanese health professionals with experience in pain management. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate reliability. Test–retest reliability was assessed with Spearman's intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct, criterion-related, and discriminant validity were assessed using information about pain management, daily life, mental health, and subjective health. Results: The Cronbach's alpha was 0.90 for the JBQ-II, and all ICCs exceeded 0.70 (P < 0.01). Factor analysis showed the JBQ-II had a virtually identical structure to the BQ-II, and path analysis supported the JBQ-II constructs. The JBQ-II was weakly correlated with poor mental state (r = 0.36, P < 0.01). Patients' JBQ-II scores were significantly higher than health professionals' scores. Conclusion: The JBQ-II is a valid and reliable measure of patient-related barriers to pain management among Japanese adult patients with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Factors Associated with the Development of Childhood Asthma in Japan: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study.
- Author
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Furuhata, Masakazu, Otsuka, Yuichiro, Kaneita, Yoshitaka, Nakagome, Sachi, Jike, Maki, Itani, Osamu, and Ohida, Takashi
- Subjects
- *
AGE distribution , *ASTHMA , *ASTHMA in children , *BIRTH weight , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *INCOME , *LONGITUDINAL method , *MEDICAL appointments , *PARENTING , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *SEX distribution , *SMOKING , *STATISTICS , *SURVEYS , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *DISEASE incidence , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio - Abstract
Introduction: Many environmental factors are related to the development of asthma. However, the key factors of childhood asthma onset have not been sufficiently elucidated. Further, low-weight births have increased in Japan. The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors for the incidence of childhood asthma and to evaluate whether these risk factors differ according to birth weight in Japan. Methods: We used the National Longitudinal Survey from 2001 to 2010. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the effects of gender, birth weight, single vs. multiple births, birth order, nutrition, keeping pets in the home, place of residence, annual household income, and parent ages, smoking behaviors, and educational backgrounds on asthma-related hospital visits. Results: Overall, 45,060 children were analyzed. The rate of cumulative hospital visits until age 10 was 18.9%. Birth weight < 2500 g (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.26), being a boy (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.21–1.33), having older siblings (AOR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.14), parental smoking behavior, mother's age, and low household income (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.10–1.24) were associated with asthma-related hospital visits. Discussion: Parental smoking behavior is a key risk factor for the development of asthma. Among low birth weight infants, being a boy, having older siblings, and father's smoking behavior were predictive factors for the development of asthma. However, low birth weight was not associated with the development of asthma after 6 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The role of carry trades on the effectiveness of Japan's quantitative easing.
- Author
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Chuffart, Thomas and Dell'Eva, Cyril
- Subjects
MONETARY policy ,TRADE shows ,COMMERCE ,STATISTICS - Abstract
This paper investigates how carry trades altered the efficiency of the Japanese quantitative easing policy between March 1995 and September 2010. Monetary policy shocks are identified by means of a data-driven Structural VAR approach. Accordingly, our results rely exclusively on the statistical properties of the data through non-Gaussian identification. We show that carry trades, by altering the portfolio re-balancing channel, have attenuated the impact of the Japanese quantitative easing policy on growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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