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Eva Emery Dye Papers (Mss 1089), 1776-1997 (bulk 1890-1940), 11.5 cu. ft. The Eva Emery Dye Papers consist of correspondence, ephemera, a literary journal, manuscripts, research notes, and scrapbooks relating [...]

Books are meant to be read. The Kingston and District Branch of the United Empire Loyalists' Association of Canada reached an agreement in December to place their collection of about [...]

THE OREGON HISTORICAL Society's (OHS's) research library holds over 7,500 sound recordings, clocking in at around 14,000 hours. This collection includes speeches, lectures, radio programs, musical performances, and even Fred [...]

Pinellia Tuber (the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino [Araceae]) (PT) is a crude drug used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Japanese Kampo medicine. PT is subjected to additional processing before use in TCM because of its toxic, while the processing has not been used in Kampo medicine. The aim of this study is to clarify the reason why the differences about the processing of PT between TCM and Kampo medicine have been appeared. We investigated successive literatures published in China and in Japan from the Han dynasty to the modern age. The descriptions about the processing of PT in China had appeared since the Later Han dynasty as washing, and after that, various processing methods have been recorded, such as boiling, steaming, making cakes, and fermenting to prepare PT malt (PTM) with various drug additives. The objective of the processing for PT was not only to remove its toxicity but to change drug properties, and several kinds of processed PT had been developed to treat different types of "phlegm" in the Ming dynasty. The current Chinese Pharmacopoeia recommends the use of processed PT to avoid the toxicity, and registers unprocessed PT as well as three kinds of processed PT except for PTM which had been deleted in 2015 edition. These processing methods for PT have been established in the Qing dynasty. The oldest description in Japan was appeared in 1363, and the processing methods had been influenced by the literatures in the Song dynasty. After that, the processed PT in Japan had mainly been PTM until the 18th century. In 1738, Shuan Kagawa wrote that PT should not be processed because its pharmacological effects disappeared and the toxicity of PT disappeared by preparing its decoction without processing. Then, the processing of PT has been unpopular, and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia has registered PT since 1939 without any processing. Compared to TCM, Japanese Kampo medicine has tended to avoid ideologism based on traditional knowledge and to adopt positivism. This policy has reflected the differences in the processing of PT between Kampo medicine and TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ben Winans worked as a printer in Brookville, Indiana, but he was also an amateur photographer who enjoyed roaming all of Franklin County. He photographed the Big Four Crew at [...]

Lucy Briggs and Sally Ball lived in a world of extremes in antebellum Richmond, Virginia. For Black Virginians the city simultaneously represented the hope of freedom and the horrors of [...]

In the quiet corners of the Harriet Irving Library at the University of New Brunswick, many family mysteries have been solved, research projects have started and finished, and loyalist lives [...]

This article examines the fictional origins of a widely reproduced broadside for an 1852 slave auction in Charleston, South Carolina, that has for the last century been accepted as an authentic relic of the slave trade. Close analysis of the document's content and the local history of Charleston reveals numerous discrepancies that establish the document's inauthenticity and illustrate the value of basic corroboration and contextualization to historical inquiry. Tracing the document's actual origins to an 1892 fictional illustration, the article shows how its long career as an object of historical memory can shed light on the shifting and contested ways in which Americans have remembered the role of slavery and African Americans in the nation's past. Keywords: memory of slavery; museums; public history; South Carolina; African Americans; domestic slave trade, In the decades before the American Civil War, the brokers, buyers and sellers who conducted the domestic slave trade sold off an estimated two million enslaved African Americans, diligently documenting [...]

As we move into summer, crews are busy repairing roads. This close-up view by photographer Larry Foster shows what was done in 1955 to Monument Circle in Indianapolis. Roads are [...]

WHEN IDA NEA TRIBOLET moved to Baker City with her mother and two sisters in 1897, it was a bustling commercial and transportation hub. At the time, it was the [...]

ONTARIO AND WOODBURN, OREGON, share many characteristics. Historically both towns depended heavily on an agricultural economy, farms surround both towns geographically, and large numbers of farmworkers reside in both places, [...]

THE GRAND OPENING of the Fox Theatre, located at Southwest Broadway and Taylor streets, took place on August 12, 1954. According to the Oregonian the following day, some 6,000 'local [...]

This case study situates an early text-to-speech computer developed for blind persons, the Kurzweil Reading Machine (KRM), within a broader history of speech synthesis technologies. Though typically no more than a footnote in the technical history of speech synthesis, the KRM was still a powerful symbol of innovation that reveals how disability can be used as a pretext for funding technology development. I argue that various boosters held the KRM up as a symbol of technological solutionism that promised to fully enroll blind people into the US political economy. However, the success of the KRM as a symbol belies its technical flaws, the federal subsidies needed to bring it to fruition, and the structural barriers to its use that were elided by its Utopian promise. KEYWORDS: text to speech, speech synthesis, reading machines, assistive technologies, IN EARLY 1976 WALTER CRONKITE DEFERRED HIS USUAL sign-off on the CBS Evening News to a new text-tospeech computer system, the Kurzweil Reading Machine (KRM), named for its twenty-seven-year-old inventor, [...]

ASSOCIATION NEWS ACHA Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, January 4-6, 2023 The American Catholic Historical Association held its 103rd annual meeting from January 4-6, 2023, in Philadelphia. The program committee consisted of [...]

IN 2021, the staff of the Oregon Historical Society's (OHS's) research Library embarked on a project to update and improve selected collection guides for older collections. This work has included [...]

The Portland Automobile Club was organized in 1905, and members spent their Sunday afternoons on organized auto tours to their clubhouse outside Portland and in sponsored races to show off [...]

NORTHWESTERN LAKE COUNTY hosts striking Fort Rock, among the least visited landmarks of Oregon. A tuff ring, the formation was created over 100,000 years ago when hot magma encountered water-saturated [...]

A set of three videocassettes on the Vatican Apostolic Library has been produced with the general title 'The Wonders of the Vatican Library.' The first cassette is on 'The Hall [...]

THE OREGON HISTORICAL SOCIETY (OHS) has a longstanding relationship with the Yasui family that began in 1991, when Homer Yasui and his family donated more than 100,000 documents and over [...]

Navarro College Archives announces the update of the Pearce Civil War Collection website. Descriptions of over two hundred collections are available at . The Library of Virginia's Digital Library Program [...]

The article focuses on Charlemagne's, King of Franks, court library. The penultimate section of the Emperor's testamentary "breviarium," with which the "Life" concludes records that: 'he decreed that the books of which he had assembled a great collection in his library' (magnam in bibliotheca sua copiam congregavit) were to be available for purchase at the appropriate price by anyone who wanted them, and the proceeds distributed to the poor. Most of those luxury books were, almost certainly, created to be given away to specially favoured recipients, like gold rings and jewelled belts.

On February 13, 1830, Jourdan M. Saunders sent a letter from New Orleans to David Burford in Smith County, Tennessee, about fifty miles east of Nashville. Burford was Saunders's brother-in-law [...]

It would be difficult to overstate the centrality of Brown v. Board of Education to American law and life. Legal scholars from across the ideological spectrum have lavished more attention on that Supreme Court decision than any other issued during the last century. In recent decades, the standard account of Brown has placed that most-scrutinized opinion in a geopolitical context. Brown, the standard account maintains, must be viewed as a product of the Cold War era. By the 1950s, the persistence of laws codifying racial subordination had become an embarrassment for the United States on the global stage. The U.S. effort to defeat communism around the world thus rendered the recognition of civil rights for Black Americans a Cold War imperative. This Article complicates and challenges that account by exploring the central role that anticommunism played in segregationists' opposition to Brown and civil rights. Throughout most of the twentieth century, a broad array of Americans contended that preserving Jim Crow was a Cold War imperative in its own right. For this group, anticommunism and segregation were not just compatible, but inextricably intertwined. Their ranks included northerners and southerners alike: politicians, jurists, columnists, and ordinary citizens. White supremacists did not invoke anticommunism merely as a disingenuous ploy to combat Brown. Both long before and long after 1954, anticommunism helped to shape the contours of segregationist thought. The defenders of Jim Crow assailed integration as a product of communistic central government authority. They insisted that racial equality would create discord within the United States, just as the Soviets desired, and that civil rights activists were tainted by communist affiliations. Many segregationists viewed themselves as committed Cold Warriors, undertaking closely connected fights against both a foreign ideological threat and a domestic social one. As such, the Cold War represented not only a divide between the United States and the Soviet Union; it also reflected a debate within the United States over the relationship between racial justice, national security, and foreign policy. Understanding that segregationists viewed their cause as a Cold War imperative recasts dominant views within legal academia, where this essential component of Browns geopolitical context remains underappreciated. While it is tempting to dismiss every segregationist invocation of anticommunism as the product of either irrationality or opportunism, it would be a mistake to do so. Linking segregation with anticommunism transformed the defense of Jim Crow from a regional priority into a national one. Anticommunism also helped resolve a core tension in the segregationist belief that Black citizens did not actually want integration, allowing civil rights lawsuits to be attributed to communist agitation. Reckoning with this significant element of the civil rights era, this Article thus illuminates the logic of a racist worldview. In so doing, it provides a fuller, more accurate portrait of a critical period in constitutional history, of the complex dynamics undergirding legal change, and of the malleable, tenacious character of racism in modern America., Table of Contents Introduction I. The Standard Geopolitical Account of Brown II. Jim Crow as a Cold War Imperative A. Before Brown B. Brown C. Massive Resistance D. The Long [...]

CROSSING THE COLUMBIA RIVER has long been a major undertaking. During much of the nineteenth century, ferries and boats provided the only means of moving from one side of the [...]

EIGHT-YEAR-OLD Orytha 'Ryth' Gatch poses for her mother, Helen Plummer Gatch, with seven-year-old Asahel Bush IV in front of Asahel's grandfather's house--now known as the Bush House Museum --in Salem. [...]

One of the most salient divisions between medieval Rabbanites and Qaraites was in the field of calendar. Qaraites and Rabbanites disagreed on how to determine which years to intercalate (i.e., to extend with the insertion of a thirteenth month) in order to keep up with the seasons. While the Rabbanites used a fixed nineteen-year cycle of intercalation, the Qaraites maintained that intercalation must be based on the state of ripeness of barley crops in Palestine. This created problems for Qaraite communities outside of the Land of Israel, many of whom found it impossible to receive information about the state of crops in Palestine in time to celebrate Passover. This article investigates how medieval Qaraite Diaspora communities made a decision to intercalate. Based on a wide range of sources many of which were not previously discussed, it studies the Diaspora communities' approaches to empirical intercalation and provides an in-depth analysis of the Qaraites' attitude toward and use of mathematical methods, such as the method of the vernal equinox and the Rabbanite nineteen-year cycle of intercalations. The article also reflects on the attitude of Palestinian Qaraite ideologists toward the calendar situation in the Diaspora and argues that the division between Qaraites as adherents of an empirical intercalation vs. Rabbanites as followers of a fixed calculated scheme was never clear-cut when considered in the context of the entire Qaraite Jewish community, and of lived practice rather than ideology., Introduction One of the most salient divisions between medieval Rabbanites and Qaraites was in the field of calendar. The Rabbanite calendar was based on a fixed calculation. The Qaraites maintained [...]

While the history and practices of collecting have received considerable attention over the past few decades, the notion of erasure - of the deleting, removal or destruction of material, whether deliberate or otherwise - has remained largely in the shadows. We challenge this neglect by placing erasure centre stage and treating it as a productive phenomenon in its own right. Indeed, we suggest that it forms a significant precondition for the very possibility of memory and collections. This article draws upon a recent turn to consider questions of forgetting, ignorance and ending to lay out the grounds for analysing the various roles played by erasure in making and unmaking our world. Inspired by Paul Connerton's discussion of different types of forgetting, we present five distinct forms of erasure that we regard as principally important: (i) repressive erasure, (ii) protective erasure, (iii) operative erasure, (iv) amending erasure and (v) calamitous and neglectful erasure. In each case, we discuss the characteristic logic of the erasure at hand and provide examples of the historical and media-specific forms in which it has been enacted. Our aim in doing so is to provide future researchers with some of the analytical tools and perspectives necessary to engage in further erasure studies. For if we are interested in making sense of the shifting and complex world we inhabit, then the interdisciplinary study of the compelling yet elusive phenomenon of erasure is an excellent place to start. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number and location of tornadoes in the greater Chicago area is a topic of frequent interest among the media, public, and local government agencies served by the National Weather Service (NWS) Chicago Forecast Office. While accounts of tornadoes over the last several decades are generally clear, tornadoes occurring prior to 1950—especially those considered to be weak—are often more difficult to discern owing to limited corresponding detailed reports. As part of an effort to review and update all tornadoes known to have occurred within the modern-day boundaries of Chicago, NWS Chicago staff reviewed the 22 May 1855 tornado, which is regarded as the first to impact the city of Chicago. Multiple sources reported that the tornado occurred near the town of Jefferson, which eventually became the Jefferson Park neighborhood of Chicago. However, after reviewing multiple historical records, newspaper articles, property maps, and genealogical information, the actual location of the tornado was determined to have been in present-day Des Plaines. Confusion over the name "Jefferson" likely led to the misunderstanding that, until now, has been perpetuated through numerous reports and media accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THIS ESSAY OFFERS a practical approach to teaching with the Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers Project, 1936-1938 collection available on the Library of Congress's American Memory [...]

In late 1891 a debate erupted after the North American Review published an article criticizing Jews and their supposed lack of military service. The article, attributed to a U.S. Army [...]

As I learn about OER, the moral clarity of using materials that are entirely free and clear for pedagogical distribution is obvious and appealing. The pandemic has heightened an already [...]

As she lies divested of every attribute of advantage, disfigured and forsaken, she is but a startling type of that more dreadful wreck, the man of power, or grace, and [...]

THE COLFAX MASSACRE--DUBBED A "RIOT" BY THE VICTORS--LEFT three white and at least sixty-three Black men dead on Easter Sunday 1873, making it one of Reconstruction's bloodiest racial confrontations. (1) [...]

The prominent roles played by John Wesley and George Whitefield in the eighteenth-century British book trade has been widely observed by scholars. Scholars, however, have hardly glimpsed how the various works authored by Wesley and Whitefield were discussed and critiqued in the era's leading literary periodicals, the Monthly Review and the Critical Review. As self-appointed -- and publicly recognised -- arbiters of literary taste, the Monthly and the Critical wielded tremendous influence in the marketplace of books and ideas, informing not only what and how readers read, but shaping public perception of the various issues discussed in the print media of the day. These issues included the two Methodist leaders and the movement they founded, which created its share of controversy throughout the eighteenth century. Although both the Monthly and the Critical routinely registered their antipathy to the Methodist movement in their reviews, their opinions about the revival and its leaders proved more nuanced than most anti- Methodist writers, who usually castigated Wesley and Whitefield in unequivocal terms. The reviewers' objective -- to offer ostensibly unbiased reviews of newly published books based on objective standards -- meant that they did not permit authors, whether pro- or anti-Methodist, to rail without reason or make assertions without backing. The reviewers thus found themselves navigating between their own anti-Methodist sentiment and their critical principles. This process resulted in a relatively balanced strain of anti-Methodist discourse while exposing how politicised the entire project of popular review criticism became when grappling with a complex and controversial topic like Methodism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]