Search

This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) derived from W. bifurcata fruit peel extract. ZnONPs are frequently synthesized utilizing a green technique that is both cost-effective and ecologically friendly. ZnONPs were characterized utilizing analytical techniques. Ultra Violet visible (UV-Vis) spectra showed peaks at 364 nm, confirming the production of ZnONPs. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis indicated that the nanoparticles generated were spherical/agglomerated, with diameters ranging from 11 to 25 nm. FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the particular functional groups responsible for the nanoparticles' reduction, stabilization, and capping. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed that flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, and resins were present. The antibacterial activity of W. bifurcata synthesised nanoparticles was evaluated against pathogenic bacteria. The ZnONPs antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH assay. The in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed against prostate cancer PC3 cells. The wound healing potential was assessed by employing in vitro scratch assay and in vivo excision model in Wistar rats. Because of its environmentally benign production, low toxicity, and biocompatibility, ZnONPs exhibited potential antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and wound healing activities, indicating that they could be used in cancer treatment and wound management. Further study is required to examine the fundamental mechanisms and evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the test sample in clinical situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the medicinal potential of Pergularia daemia, a perennial vine abundant along Indian roadsides, focusing on its leaves have diverse therapeutic properties in traditional medicine. This research investigates its unexplored potential in application of drug delivery and the synthesis of zinc oxide nano-particles from its leaves. PD mediated Zinc Oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitate method. The qualitative phyto chemical analysis of PD leaves extract was carried out and the extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, phenols, flavanoids, alkaloids and terpenoids. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction Analysis and scanning electron microscope. The results from characterization suggest that the synthesized compound was ZnO in nano scale which was in oval shape and with high purity. The synthesized zinc oxide nano particle could be a huge application in medical field, pharmaceutical and biotechnology in near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) were prepared by the green synthesis method and loaded inside niosomes as a drug release system and their physicochemical and biological properties were determined. Zn-NPs were prepared by the eco-friendly green strategy, the structure, and morphological properties were studied and loaded into niosomes. Subsequently, different formulations of niosomes containing Zn-NPs were prepared and the optimal formulation was used for biological studies. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to investigate the morphology and size of nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Vis were used to confirm the synthesis of Zn-NPs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) determined the elemental analysis of the Zn-NPs synthesis solution and the crystalline structure of Zn-NPs was analysed by XRD (X-Ray diffraction). Furthermore, Zn-NPs were loaded inside the niosomes, and their structural characteristics, entrapment efficiency (EE%), the release profile of Zn-NPs, and their stability also were assessed. Moreover, its antimicrobial properties against some microbial pathogens, its effect on the expression of biofilm genes, and its anticancer activity on the breast cancer cell lines were also determined. To study the cytocompatibility, exposure of niosomes against normal HEK-293 cells was carried out. In addition, the impact of niosomes on the expression of genes involved in the apoptosis (Bcl2, Casp3, Casp9, Bax) at the mRNA level was measured. Our findings revealed that the Zn-NPs have a round shape and an average size of 27.60 nm. Meanwhile, UV–Vis, FTIR, and XRD results confirmed the synthesis of Zn-NPs. Also, the EE% and the size of the optimized niosomal formulation were 31.26% and 256.6 ± 12 nm, respectively. The release profile showed that within 24 h, 26% of Zn-NPs were released from niosomes, while in the same period, 99% of free Zn-NPs were released, which indicates the slow release of Zn-NPs from niosomes. Antimicrobial effects exhibited that niosomes containing Zn-NPs had more significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects than Zn-NPs alone, the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects increased 2 to 4 times. Cytotoxic effects indicated that when Zn-NPs are loaded into niosomes, the anticancer activity increases compared to Zn-NPs alone and has low cytotoxicity on cancer cells. Niosomes containing ZnNPs increased the apoptosis-related gene expression level and reduced the Bcl2 genes. In general, the results show that niosomes can increase the biological effects of free Zn-NPs and therefore can be a suitable carrier for targeted delivery of Zn-NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to modify the surface characteristics of cerium oxide (ceria, CeO 2) nanoparticles using different surface modification strategies for improved CeO 2 nanoparticle dispersion and suspension stability. Analysis and discussion were conducted on the two surface modification processes used by a cationic surfactant like hexadecyl cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and a silane agent like tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Untreated CeO 2 was used as reference material. The dispersion effect of surface-modified CeO 2 nanoparticles at different pHs was determined by zeta potential measurements. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Particle size analysis (PSA), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to confirm the efficacy of the surface modification of CeO 2 nanoparticles. First, the results obtained in this experimental work demonstrate that both advanced modifications greatly enhance the dispersion and suspension stability of surface-modified CeO 2 nanoparticles in comparison with untreated CeO 2 nanoparticles. Second, it is also shown that the surface-modified CeO 2 nanoparticles obtained through a silanization surface process with TEOS silane agent had a better dispersion effect and dispersion stability than the surface-modified CeO 2 nanoparticles obtained by surface modification with CTAB cationic surfactant. These results can help better understand how advanced surface modifications can assist the application of well-dispersed CeO 2 nanoparticles in technological applications. [Display omitted] • Surface modification significantly improved the aqueous dispersion and stability of CeO 2 nanoparticles. • The modification improved the CeO 2 dispersion by increasing the spacing and negative charge. • CeO2 dispersion was optimal at a specific pH, with a significant effect of pH. • The modification strategy is crucial for the performance of CeO 2 in technological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this investigation was to develop a new nanocatalyst that could produce materials with a lower sulfur content, thereby reducing its environmental harm. To achieve this, the researchers used the sol‐gel method to synthesize a heterogeneous nanocatalyst by attaching sandwich‐type polyoxotungstate [(CuW9O34)2Cu4(H2O)2−10] (denoted as Cu6W18O70) clusters on the surface of copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe2O4 NPs). To characterize the nanocatalyst, several analysis techniques were employed, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible, powder X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. The oxidative desulfurization of hazardous sulfur‐containing real and model fuel oils was effectively catalyzed by the Cu6W18O70⊂CuFe2O4 nanocatalyst. According to the experimental findings, the best efficiencies in oxidation reaction were achieved in 1 h contracting time at 35°C, which was as high as 95%. The Cu6W18O70⊂CuFe2O4 nanocatalyst exhibited impressive removal rates (%) on dibenzothiophene (C12H8S), benzothiophene (C8H6S), and thiophene (C4H4S) of model fuels, with figures reaching 97%, 96% and, 96% respectively. Furthermore, multiple recycling of the uniform nanocatalyst can be achieved effortlessly through filtration, without experiencing any notable decline in activity. Therefore, the authors suggest that this study will pave the way for the widely used mentioned nanocatalyst in the practical and workable organization of petroleum fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the effect of chitosan on the properties of zinc ferrite nanoparticles suitable for potential biomedical applications. The co‐precipitation method is employed to fabricate these bio‐composites that exhibit excellent microstructural properties. The X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis confirms the presence of a cubic spinel structure in the zinc ferrite‐chitosan bio‐composites, indicative of their crystalline nature. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging revealed spherical particles with a size distribution below 100 nm, demonstrating the successful synthesis of homogenous nanosized particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis identifies the active functional groups within the bio‐composites, providing valuable insights into the molecular structure and interactions present in the synthesized materials. The presence of chitosan is confirmed, highlighting its role in modifying the chemical composition and enhancing the biocompatibility of the samples. UV–vis absorption spectra analysis reveals that the samples exhibits absorbance within the visible range. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis demonstrates the superparamagnetic behavior of the samples. Remarkably, these formulated samples exhibit superparamagnetism with zero coercivity and a magnetization of ≈0.0125 emu g−1 at 5 kOe when doped with chitosan. These properties are crucial for potential biomedical applications making it a promising candidate for various biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, nanoparticles have been used as raw ingredients for biofertilizers, mineral supplements in animal feed, and pharmaceuticals. Manganese plays a vital role in enhancing fish's growth and biological function. The present research work aimed to analyze the various quantities of manganese oxide nanoparticles on common carp growth and its haematological traits. Synthesized manganese oxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles were illustrated using UV-visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDAX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Six different feeds were prepared by incorporating different quantities of manganese oxide nanoparticles (Feed I (control-0mg), Feed II(3mg/100g), Feed III(6mg/100g), Feed IV(9mg/100g), Feed V(12mg/100g), and Feed VI (15mg/100g)) with common ingredients such as groundnut oil cake, fish meal, tapioca flour, and wheat flour. On the completion of 21 days, feed utilization and haematological characteristics of Common carp were assessed. The UV-Vis showed that manganese oxide nanoparticles exhibit strong adsorption peaks at 220nm. SEM image observed at the wavelength range from 9.22 nm to 9.35 nm. The size of the particles was in the 45-55 nm range. The EDAX spectrum recorded two peaks between 0.40 and 6 kev. The XRD graph shows that the diffraction peaks are indexed as 103, 004, 213, 204, 303, and 215. FT-IR spectrum measured at the wavelength range from 500-4000cm-1. Most of the growth parameters and haematological parameters were higher in feed III, containing 6mg of Manganese oxide nanoparticles. Therefore, results show that manganese oxide incorporated feed enhances the growth and haematological traits in common carp compared to control feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, many studies have shown various beneficial effects of polyphenol resveratrol (Res) on human health. The most important of these effects include cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, osteoinductive, and anti-microbial effects. Resveratrol has cis and trans isoforms, with the trans isoform being more stable and biologically active. Despite the results of in vitro experiments, resveratrol has limited potential for application in vivo due to its poor water solubility, sensitivity to oxygen, light, and heat, rapid metabolism, and therefore low bioavailability. The possible solution to overcome these limitations could be the synthesis of resveratrol in nanoparticle form. Accordingly, in this study, we have developed a simple, green solvent/non-solvent physicochemical method to synthesize stable, uniform, carrier-free resveratrol nanobelt-like particles (ResNPs) for applications in tissue engineering. UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) was used to identify the trans isoform of ResNPs which remained stable for at least 63 days. The additional qualitative analysis was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while X-ray diffraction (XRD) determined the monoclinic structure of resveratrol with a significant difference in the intensity of diffraction peaks between commercial and nano-belt form. The morphology of ResNPs was evaluated by optical microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) that revealed a uniform nanobelt-like structure with an individual thickness of less than 1 μm. Bioactivity was confirmed using Artemia salina in vivo toxicity assay, while 2,2–diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylhydrate (DPPH) reduction assay showed the good antioxidative potential of concentrations of 100 μg/ml and lower. Microdilution assay on several reference strains and clinical isolates showed promising antibacterial potential on Staphylococci, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) being 800 μg/ml. Bioactive glass-based scaffolds were coated with ResNPs and characterized to confirm coating potential. All of the above make these particles a promising bioactive, easy-to-handle component in various biomaterial formulations. Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the production of cobalt disulfide nanoparticles by hydrothermal and solvothermal methods with new raw materials and solvents has been investigated. Then, nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscope. Since the crystalline structure of synthesized nanostructures effectively increases the power of thermal batteries, the effects of such types of reactive salts, the ratio of reactive salts, solvents, and reaction temperature on the production process and its crystalline structure have been investigated. The results showed that changing the type of salts and the molar ratio of salts (1:2 and 2:1), and the type of solvent has no effect on its crystal structure. But, increasing reaction temperature and reaction time leads to an increase in the degree of crystallinity and increasing the size of the particles. In this study, optimum conditions for the synthesis of disulfide cobalt were the salts of cobalt acetate and sodium thiosulfate with ethylene glycol as solvent at 170 °C and 4 h. The amount of material in the reaction temperature was 9.31 g. The synthesized nanoparticles in optimal conditions were in the range of 40–90 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the development of bacterial resistance towards antibiotics has the potential to limit the effectiveness of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases, it is necessary to try different strategies to provide alternatives. In order to solve the problems, this work used silver nanoparticles‐loaded polydopamine‐modified montmorillonite (AgNP/PDA−Mt) to cope with the infection of the gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia. Coli and the gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus. aureus. Polydopamine‐modified montmorillonite (PDA−Mt) was used to reduce silver ions into silver nanoparticles through the hydroxyl groups of polydopamine. The chemical properties and morphology of AgNP/PDA−Mt were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), etc. Also, its antimicrobial property has been investigated. The results showed that AgNP/PDA−Mt possessed significant sterilization at low doses. And the results had been shown its acceptable biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano core–shell drug carriers with high stability, low toxicity, and targeted drug delivery are significance for the delivery of anti-tumor drugs. In this study, Albumin from bovine serum (BSA), serving as a capping agent, was conjugated to MSNs via a cleavable disulfide bond to generate a redox-responsive nanocarrier (MSNs@BSA). Subsequently, cRGD peptide, as a targeting ligand, was modified on the particle surface by a protein cross-linker to obtain nanoparticles with tumor cell-targeting properties (RGD-MSNs@BSA). The construction of RGD-MSNs@BSA was confirmed by DLS analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. It was displayed that the model anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was efficiently and stably encapsulated in RGD-MSNs@BSA in the absence of glutathione (GSH), and an outbreak of DOX was observed when the particles were exposed to a GSH-containing environment. It demonstrated that disulfide-linked BSA capping can increase the drug loading stability, while enduing it redox sensitivity. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope tests displayed that cellular uptake of RGD-MSNs@BSA was much higher than that of particles without cRGD and free DOX. These results indicated that RGD-MSNs@BSA can increase drug tumor-targeting and drug cellular uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles have been used to overcome the limitations of oral drug delivery. This study was performed to examine the effects of modifying Digitaria exilis starch by cross-linking with multifunctional excipients: citric acid (CA) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) to produce starch citrate and phosphate respectively at 20 % concentration. Thereafter, nanoparticles were synthesized via the nanoprecipitation method in the presence of Tween® 80, using ibuprofen as the model drug. The physicochemical properties of the modified starch were evaluated and the nanoparticles characterized by the encapsulation efficiciency, loading capacity, particle size, polydispersity index, scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), in vitro drug release and release kinetics. Results show that both cross-linkers improved the physicochemical properties of the starch, and produced particles in the nanometer range (616 nm and 933 nm) for citric acid and sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles respectively. Spherical and pitted particles corresponding to citric acid and sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles respectively were produced and they both showed a controlled release of ibuprofen from the formulation and both followed the Higuchi kinetic model with R2 values that exhibited a non-fickian diffusion pattern. This study revealed that the two excipients had different effects on the size and morphology of the nanoparticles and controlled the release of drug from the nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron oxide nanoparticles are produced using simple auto combustion methods with honey as a metal-stabilizing and -reducing agent. Herein, α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are produced using an iron nitrate precursor. These prepared samples are analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, UV-DRS, and a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD results confirm a rhombohedral structure with an R3 c ¯ space group single-phase formation of α-Fe2O3 in all samples. FESEM images reveal the different morphologies for the entire three samples. TEM analysis exhibits spherical shapes and their distribution on the surfaces. XPS spectroscopy confirms the Fe-2p and O-1s state and their valency. The VSM study shows strong ferromagnetic behavior. The prepared α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles exhibit exceptional charge carriers and radical production. The prepared sample retains excellent photocatalytic, antifungal and antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanometer molecularly imprinted polymers (nano‐MIPs) spherical particles with specific recognition of sialic acid (SA) are synthesized by electrochemically mediated atomic transfer radical polymerization combined with the precipitation method. SA is used as template molecules,4‐vinylphenylboronicacid as functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinking agent. The successful synthesis of spherical nano‐MIPs is verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and Malvern particle size instruments. The effects of the potential adjustment on the morphology, size, and particle size distribution of MIP particles are further investigated. By adjusting the potential for polymerization, nanoparticles with average sizes of 160.32, 275.87, and 331.99 nm are obtained. The recognition performance of nano‐MIPs for SA is characterized by a UV–vis spectrophotometer and the satisfactory imprinting factor is 1.54. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-technology has played a vital role in upgrading the durability and sustainability of asphalt pavements during the last decade. Conventional bitumen does not provide adequate performance against permanent deformation in severe weather conditions. Quartz nano-size particles (QNPs) (1, 3, and 5% by weight of the bitumen) were employed in this research to modify the conventional base bitumen PG 58–16. Conventional physical (penetration, softening, ductility, and flash and fire point), rheological, frequency sweep, high-performance grading, and moisture susceptibility tests were performed to investigate the enhancement of the base bitumen performance. Marshall mix design was conducted on each asphalt mixture to determine the optimum bitumen content (OBC) percentage for the preparation of wheel tracker samples to evaluate the effect of QNPs on asphalt mixtures. Laboratory test findings showed that the optimum concentration of QNPs is 5% by weight of base bitumen. The homogeneity and proper stable dispersion of QNPs in the bitumen were validated via scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and storage stability tests. At higher temperatures, the QNP-modified asphalt mixtures exhibited higher stiffness, stripping resistance, and rutting potential. It was concluded that QNPs effectively upgrade durability and permanent deformation resistance at high temperatures and, therefore, the sustainability of asphalt roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to produce and characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of dense polycrystalline bovine hydroxyapatite (DPBHA) bioceramics with 5% and 8% of TiO2 nanoparticles after final synthetization for future use in dental implants. Structural characterization was obtained from analyzes by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and relative density and apparent porosity. The mechanical characterization was performed by measuring the fracture toughness after three‐point flexural strength (FS) test. The microstructural characterization results showed no secondary phase formation and nonhomogeneous nanoparticle dispersion in HA matrix. DPBHA/Np8% (2.9 ± 0.09 g/cm3) exhibited significantly greater density than DPBHA (2.7 ± 0.03 g/cm3) (p = 0.011) and DPBHA/Np5% (2.7 ± 0.05 g/cm3) (p = 0.041). DPBHA (0.9%) had the smallest porosity followed by DPBHA/Np8% (3.4%). DPBHA/Np5% (4.5%) exhibited the greatest proportion of pores. Pure HA (51.7 ± 10.3 MPa) and DPBHA/Np8% (47.4 ± 6.4 MPa) had significant greater FS (p < 0.001) than DPBHA/Np5% (28.8 ± 3.1 MPa). DPBHA (0.43 ± 0.01 MPa m1/2) and DPBHA/Np8% (0.40 ± 0.06 MPa m1/2) presented greater KIc than DPBHA/Np5% (0.23 ± 0.02 MPa m1/2) (p < 0.003; p < 0.007). In conclusion, 8% TiO2 nanoparticle addition to this synthesis would be a promising HA blend, as mechanical properties were similar, and the relative density/apparent porosity showed superior results than those of the DPBHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles have been widely used in the improvement of the mechanical and thermal properties of the epoxy matrix. In this study, the room temperature curing agent composed of acrylic acid and 2,4,6‐trimethyl‐m‐phenylenediamine was mixed with different concentrations of CeO2 nanoparticles into the epoxy resin (E51) to obtain a nanocomposite that can be rapidly molded and cured. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the curing behavior of nanocomposites and E51 with the synthesized hardener. Through tensile, flexural, and impact tests, the influence of the nanoparticles content on the mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared composites was discussed. The results showed that the curing process was completed in 4 h. An increase of 78.4% in tensile strength, 81.7% in flexural strength, and 122.0% in elongation were obtained for the cured nanocomposite having 5 wt% CeO2 loading compared to the neat resin. Thermogravimetric analysis result showed that the thermal stability increased with increasing of CeO2 nanofillers content. Finally, the scanning electron microscope revealed the fracture surface morphology of the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green and efficient method for the synthesis of chromene derivatives using TiO2 doped Ag as a photocatalyst under visible light irradiation at room temperature is reported. The advantages of our method are clean reaction condition, easy workup procedure, use of eco-friendly solvent, and recyclable catalyst and most importantly higher yield of the product. The photocatalyst was found to be highly efficient for the synthesis of chromene derivatives within a short reaction time. The photocatalyst was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and powder XRD technique and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, the in-vitro study of helminths against S. obvelata were investigated and it was found that chromene derivatives were active against S. obvelata and showed no sign of acute toxicity in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging nanobiotechnology has provided innovative techniques to synthesize nanoparticles through biological methods to explore the potentialities of biological sources like phytoextracts, microbes, animal secretions and excretion. This research studies the potential of vermiwash to synthesize the silver and gold nanoparticles and evaluate its in vitro effect of antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities. The characterization of the nanoparticles was analyzed through various techniques. Ultraviolet (UV)-Visible spectroscopy showed the maximum absorption spectrum at 413 nm for silver and 541 nm for gold nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the reducing agent involved in nanoparticles synthesis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed the size of the silver and gold nanoparticles as 24 nm and 50 nm, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis revealed the elemental composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles that displayed the preferential orientation of the crystals toward the (111) plane. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the resazurin assay method. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 7.8 µg was observed in Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the antifungal activity, MIC at 250 µg was noted in Mucor sp. and Candida albicans. Antidiabetic activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. IC50 of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity of the silver nanoparticles was noted as 218 and 221 µg/mL, respectively. IC 50 value for the enzymatic assay dose-dependently confirmed the effect. Conclusively biosynthesized nanoparticles from vermiwash showed potential efficiency of antibacterial, antifungal and antidiabetic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salvia species have been used extensively in medicinal and food industries for years due to their significant secondary metabolites contents such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Silver nanoparticles capped and stabilized by Salvia aethiopis compounds are expected to reveal considerable biological effects. In this study, Salvia aethiopis L. was heated in distilled water for 2 h. After filtration, water extract was treated with silver nitrate for 2 h at 60 °C to yield the silver nanoparticles (Sa-AgNPs). The structure of silver nanoparticles was elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and zeta potential analyses. The maximum absorption in UV–Vis spectrum was observed at 508 nm. XRD pattern (2θ) at 38.1°, 44.3°, 64.4°, and 77.4° degrees can be assigned to the (111), (200), (220) and (311) Bragg's reflections of the face-centered cubic crystalline structure. The average size of Sa-AgNPs was found as 74.09 nm by SEM analysis. The characteristic hydroxyl vibration signal appeared at 3222 cm−1. The zeta potential of Sa-AgNPs was found as − 20.3 mV displaying the stability of Sa-AgNPs. Antioxidant activity of extract and Sa-AgNPs were carried out using DPPH⋅, ABTS⋅+ FRAP assay. The Sa-AgNPs revealed a considerable ABTS⋅+ scavenging effect with the value of 4.93 (IC50, µg/mL) compared to BHT (IC50, µg/mL, 8.34). However, Sa-AgNPs displayed a lower DPPH⋅ activity (IC50, µg/mL, 24.37) than that of the standard BHT (IC50, µg/mL, 9.67). The reducing power activity of Sa-AgNPs was found as 4.52 (µmol TE/mg extract) while the standard BHT value was 488 (µmol TE/mg extract). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous poly (vinyl alcohol) scaffold samples were fabricated using nanoparticles and nano-fibers of tricalcium phosphate, which were added separately to the scaffolds with two ratios 0.05 and 0.25, respectively. Then, the results obtained were compared. The surface morphology and spectrum were examined by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The phase composition by X-ray diffraction was also examined to prove the bioactivity of the scaffold. The biodegradation, mechanical properties, porosity, density, and swelling were also tested. The impact of the strength values was enhanced significantly from 3.89 to 13.24 kJ/m² by using the nano-fibers of tri-calcium phosphate. However, the porosity of the tri-calcium phosphate nano-particles was higher than the tri-calcium phosphate nano-fibers by up to 62%. In fact, the porosity values in nano-fibers tri-calcium phosphate were also acceptable in comparison with the natural human bone. The samples show the highest percentage of 43% in losing weight in the G5 after incubation in phosphate buffer saline for the biodegradation test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sn1−xLaxO2 nanoparticles (x = 0, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1) were prepared using a polyol method. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that only the tetragonal rutile phase is present for x = 0, 0.001, and 0.01. For Sn0.9La0.1O2, in addition to the tetragonal phase, a SnO impurity phase is present for x = 0.1. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements spotted the variation of local defects and grain size of the prepared nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed no variation in the microstructure of SnO2 with La doping except for x = 0.1. Ultraviolet–visible absorbance spectroscopy (UV–vis) was utilized to investigate the optical properties and the evolution of the band gap with lanthanum doping. A Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area (SSA) method was performed to determine the surface properties of the prepared samples. Vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements revealed room temperature ferromagnetism in all the prepared samples. The electron spin resonance (ESR) response shows a clear dependence on La doping. Deep analysis of VSM and ESR results was performed in the frame of the bound magnetic polaron model to understand the origin of room temperature ferromagnetism in these compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel DHA-loaded nanoparticle with PLGA and chitosan (PCSDNP) was successfully prepared. The structure of PCSDNP and DHA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles was measured by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and differential scanning calorimeter. The interaction strength between DHA, PLGA, and chitosan was evaluated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The curves of controlled DHA release and stabilities for different environmental factors of two NPs were evaluated. Importantly, two NPs were almost regularly spherical and the interactions were hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between PLGA and chitosan. These NPs had a good encapsulation rate (80.45%) and high-water solubility than the free DHA molecule. In simulated gastrointestinal fluid, two NPs showed a controlled-release pattern. Overall, PCSDNP had better stability and controlled-release effect with the synergy between CS and PLGA under the conditions of pH (2– 7), ionic strength (0– 500 mM), storage time (0– 42 d), and temperature (30– 80 °C). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the hybrid WO3/titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts were prepared using hydrothermal method for the degradation of methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation. The scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultra violet visible absorption and photoluminescence emission spectroscopy were employed to study the morphology, structure and functional groups, elemental composition and purity, and optical properties. The morphological results showed the rectangular structure of pure WO3 with size of 36–550 nm, whereas spherical structures were also observed after incorporation of TiO2 in WO3. The monoclinic phase was found with high crystallinity. The composite sample (2% TiO2/WO3) showed seven times improved photocatalytic activity as compared to pure samples. The improvement may attribute to the increase of the photo-absorption effect by the TiO2, the cooperative effect of the WO3, optimal band gap and unique morphological structures. Considering our present study as cost-effective method, the as-synthesised photocatalysts can be suitable and give a new perspective for applied use in energy and environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work reports a simple approach for large-scale synthesis of hausmannite manganese oxide, Mn3O4 nanoparticles. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, FT-Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis. The electrical properties are examined with current–voltage characteristics. Crystal phase and hausmannite structure were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited uniform size distribution and good stability as confirmed from electron microscopy studies. The synthesized nano-Mn3O4 is further evaluated for its potential in dye degradation and photocatalytic applications. The coexistence of Mn3O4 and H2O2 plays an important role on efficient decomposition of methylene blue dye from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis approach was successful used extract was successful in preparing bimetallic zero-valent Iron/Copper nanoparticles [FB-nZVFe/Cu]. Scanning Electron Microscope [SEM], Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy [FTIR], and Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy [EDX] showing the synthesizing of FB-nZVFe/Cu. The removal efficiency of Caffeine [5 mg L−1] reached 86% under the conditions [0.2 g L−1, 45 min, and pH 5]. The adsorption data are more appropriate by the Langmuir model [R2 = 0.9987] with qmax = 34.34 mg g −1. Kinetic results showed that Caffeine uptake is following pseudo-second-order. Langmuir and pseudo-second-order are more appropriate in linear and non-linear models. Overall, FB-Fe/Cu is a committed green substance for removal Caffeine from aqueous solutions. Functional parameters affect investigated using the Linear regression analysis, we found them to account for over 98% of the variables affecting the removal procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this research work was to develop controlled drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were selected as a nanocarrier for the selected antibiotic drugs tetracycline, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. CSNPs were prepared from chitosan solution by using tripolyphosphate (TPP) via ionic gelation method. Then the prepared high performance CSNPs were loaded with three different antibiotics to form nanocomposite from antibiotic loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Then the prepared nanocomposite used as superior antibacterial materials with minimum toxicity. Samples of cotton (100%) and (50:50) cotton/polyester blended fabrics were treated with different concentrations of this composite to impart antibacterial activity. Results showed that the treated fabrics with chitosan nanoparticles and its nanocomposite with different antibiotics were inhibited the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis exposed the embedding of chitosan nanoparticles into fabrics and their antibiotics loaded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novelty of this present work is to investigate the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of the green synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using leaf extract of Mentha arvensis, titanium tetraisopropoxide act as the precursor and leaf extract act as the reducing agent. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, UV–Visible absorbance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. The X-ray diffraction study of the synthesized nanoparticles shows the crystalline structure and the incidence of peaks at 25.27° corresponds to 110 anatase form. Scanning electron microscope study revealed that the synthesized nanoparticle was spherical in shape and the average size of the synthesized nanoparticles was found to be the range of 20–70 nm. Green synthesized TiO2nanoparticle exhibited interesting antibacterial and antifungal activity against selected microorganism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionotropic gelation followed by polyelectrolyte complexion was used for the synthesis of nanoparticles based on sodium alginate (NaAL) and chitosan (CS) for encapsulation of ibuprofen (IBP), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, field-emission scanning electron microscopes, percentage of encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity have been used to confirm the synthesis and encapsulation of IBP. The results obtained show that they have a size of around 100 nm. In vitro drug release and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity in different media indicate that the nanoparticles are pH-sensitive and permit the protection of the drug against total dissolution in the gastric medium, control its release, and it increases the solubility and biological activity of IBP. The analytical data of the in vitro drug release in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated interstitial fluid (SIF) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were fitted to the different kinetic models (zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer–Pepass and Kopcha), and the results indicate that IBP is released by diffusion-controlled in SIF and PBS, and by erosion-controlled in the SGF. The toxicity of nanoparticles was tested against Artemia salina that displayed non-toxicity effects. In vitro biodegradation by lysozyme and all the results obtained indicated that a NaAL/CS nanoparticles are a promising system for IBP release that can achieve pseudo-zero-order kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical co-precipitation route was opted for the synthesis of chromium ferrite (CrFe2O4) nanoparticles and the pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used for the preparation of desired CrFe2O4/(MWCNTs)x; x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% nanohybrids using the ultra-sonication method. Toluene was used for the first time as dispersive medium for the preparation of these nanohybrids. The crystalline structure, morphology, vibrational modes, and electrochemical performance of these nanohybrids were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry. The structural properties of pristine MWCNTs, CrFe2O4 nanoparticles, and CrFe2O4/(MWCNTs)x nanohybrids are evaluated by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The SEM images presented the attachment of CrFe2O4 nanoparticles on the surface of MWCNTs. The specific capacitance was decreased with increasing number of cycles, while it was observed to be increased with increasing MWCNTs content. From EIS, the decrease in charge transfer resistance was observed with the increased loadings of MWCNTs, which showed the enhanced electrochemical behavior of these nanohybrids. Therefore, the significant improvement in electrochemical properties showed that these nanohybrids can be promising candidates for energy storage devices like lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well-organized, simplistic, and green route of chitin-glucan based zinc oxide nanoparticles (ChGC@ZnONPs) was synthesized using reducing and capping agent both in one as chitin-glucan complex (ChGC). Herein we report the bio-synthesis of Cur-ChGC@ZnONPs by the conjugation of curcumin (Cur) with ChGC@ZnONPs for the improvement of antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by the UV–Visible (UV–Vis), particle size analyser, scanning electron microscope (SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Structure analysis, shape and crystalline size of nanomaterials were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The particle size analyser showed the particle size of nanomaterials and stability. Crystalline nature of both ChGC@ZnONPs and Cur-ChGC@ZnONPs were confirmed by the XRD spectra and FT-IR spectrum was used to examine the functional groups of nanomaterials. The antioxidant potential of conjugated nanomaterials were estimated using a DPPH free radical scavenging assay and ABTS+⁎ assay. This analysis showed that after loading of Cur, antioxidant activity increases. The antibacterial assessment of conjugated nanomaterials were tested by different microorganisms and showed excellent antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, nanoparticles of tin oxide (SnO2) annealed at temperatures of 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C were prepared via solid-state reaction method. Structural and optical properties of prepared SnO2 nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental study was performed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption characterizing techniques. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the pure tetragonal rutile structure of tin oxide nanoparticles without any impurity phase. SEM images depict the formation of nanorods at all annealing temperatures of 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C while EDAX analysis confirms the presence of Sn and O without any impurities. UV-Vis absorption spectra show that the band gap of prepared tin oxide nanoparticles decreases initially from 3.44 eV at 400 °C to 3.03 eV at 500 °C and further increases to 3.39 eV at 600 °C. FTIR spectrum confirms the presence of O-Sn-O bond along with one unwanted absorption peak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure SnO2 and doped SnO2 nanoparticles with 2 wt.% ruthenium, 2 wt.% vanadium, and 2 wt.% antimony were synthesized via sol–gel and coprecipitation methods. The obtained doped and undoped dried powders after calcination treatment at different temperatures (973–1223 K) were studied. The structural and morphological characterization of the prepared samples was performed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA-TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) and particle size distribution analysis. The effect of structural and morphological properties of the highly additive doped elements nanocrystalline SnO2 powders was discussed. The resulting particles were crystalline oxide particles in the nanometric range (8–31 nm). It was found that the amount of additive played important roles in the particle size effect of nanocrystalline SnO2. Particle size distribution of antimony-doped SnO2 are finer and narrower, and that of vanadium-doped, ruthenium-doped, and undoped SnO2 nanocrystallines are comparatively larger and broader in size distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic semiconducting ZnS doped with Cr nanoparticles was fabricated using chemical co-precipitation method with monothioethylene glycol as capping agent. This study is an effort to investigate as to how various concentration ratios of systematically doped Cr (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%) to ZnS affect structural, optical, and morphological properties at room temperature. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that crystallinity improved upon doping and the synthesized material has cubic structure without secondary phase. XRD and Raman spectra showed successful incorporation of Cr3+ particles into ZnS host lattice. The functional groups and chemical species associated with vibration of molecules were determined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) images showed nanoscale particles with cubic and spherical morphology. Elemental composition of Cr-ZnS particles was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Kinetics of degradation of methylene blue (MB) catalyzed via synthesized nanoparticles was recorded under UV–Vis irradiation. The antimicrobial evaluation of Cr-doped ZnS nanocomposites against MDR S. aureus showed significant (p < 0.05) inhibition zones compared to undoped ZnS. The catalytic activity results indicate that ZnS is an efficient nanocatalyst that could be effectively used for the removal of environmental pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation of silver nanoflowers (Ag NFs) was carried out through the self-assembly process of diphenylalanine (FF) peptide on the graphite surface. Pencil graphite rods were used as a substrate for the self-assembly process. A reduction reaction by hydrazine was employed in the synthesis procedure of the Ag NFs. scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterise the obtained Ag NFs. The morphological analysis of the Ag NFs revealed assemblies constructed by multiple sheet nanostructures designed as flower petals and positioned in the form of 3D semi-spherical arrangements. The successful synthesis of Ag NFs was confirmed by FT-IR characteristic bands of FF and Ag components. The cubic lattice structure of the Ag NFs was revealed by XRD. Standard Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion tests using Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains exhibited the promising antibacterial performance of the Ag NFs against all of the tested bacterial species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:In vitro, optimization, characterization, and cytotoxic studies of NAR nanoparticles (NPs) to against pancreatic cancer. Method: The sonication tailored Naringenin (NARG)-loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs was fabricated for potential cytotoxic effect against pancreatic cancer. NARG NPs were prepared by emulsion-diffusion evaporation technique applying BoxBehnken experimental design based on three-level and three-factors. The effect of independent variables surfactant concentration (X1), polymer concentration (X2), and sonication time (X3) were studied on responses particle size (Y1), and drug release % (Y2). NPs characterized for particles size and size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Further, the studies was fitted to various drug release kinetic model and cytotoxicity evaluated in vitro. Results: The nanosized particles were spherical, uniform with an average size of 150.45 ± 12.45 nm, PDI value 0.132 ± 0.026, zeta potential −20.5 ± 2.5 mV, and cumulative percentage release 85.67 ± 6.23%. In vitro release of NARG from nanoparticle evaluated initially burst followed by sustained release behavior. The Higuchi was best fitted model to drug release from NARG NPs. The cytotoxicity study of NARG NPs apparently showed higher cytotoxic effect over free NARG (p < 0.05). The stability study of optimized formulation revealed no significant physico-chemical changes during 3 months. Conclusions: Thus, NARG-loaded NPs gave ameliorated anticancer effect over plain NARG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modification of the adsorbent substrates surface with the aim of improving performance is an important field of study in toxic airborne contaminants removal. In the present study, the effect of adding magnetite nanoparticles to zeolite ZSM-5 and Y substrates was investigated. Hydrogen sulfide removal at high temperatures by the two substrates was compared, and magnetite nanoparticles with 3% and 5% weight ratio were loaded to ZSM-5 and Y zeolite substrates. Substrate properties were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, BET method, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests. Then, hydrogen sulfide was prepared in concentrations of 30, 60, 90 and 120 ppm at temperatures of 100, 200 and 300 °C in a pilot system. The removal efficiency of the synthesized surfaces was measured. The results show that the Y substrate, compared to the ZSM-5% substrate, had more meso- and micropores which is a result of the loading of magnetite nanoparticles causing a reduction in their pores surface. Increasing the temperature and loading percentage of magnetite nanoparticles on both zeolite substrates also increased the breakthrough time (P ≤ 0.05). The highest adsorption capacity observed was for Y-magnetite-5% substrate at a 120 ppm concentration. The results also show that the higher porosity of the zeolite substrate plays a significant role in the removal ability of contaminants. Additionally, modification of the pores with magnetite nanoparticles can increase their efficiency in high-temperature hydrogen sulfide removal. It can be concluded that the modification of zeolite substrates with catalytic nanoparticles is a suitable method for the removal of similar pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chitosan/gelatin hydrogel incorporated with biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles (BCP-NPs) as scaffold (CGB) for bone tissue engineering was reported in this article. Such nanocomposite hydrogels were fabricated by using cycled freeze-thawing method, of which physicochemical and biological properties were regulated by adjusting the weight ratio of chitosan/gelatin/BCP-NPs. The needle-like BCP-NPs were dispersed into composites uniformly, and physically cross-linked with chitosan and gelatin, which were identified via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The porosity, equilibrium swelling ratio, and compressive strength of CGB scaffolds were mainly influenced by the BCP-NPs concentration. In vitro degradation analysis in simulated body fluids (SBF) displayed that CGB scaffolds were degraded up to at least 30 wt% in one month. Also, CCK-8 analysis confirmed that the prepared scaffolds had a good cytocompatibility through in culturing with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Finally, In vivo animal experiments revealed that new bone tissue was observed inside the scaffolds, and gradually increased with increasing months, when implanted CGB scaffolds into large necrotic lesions of rabbit femoral head. The above results suggested that prepared CGB nanocomposites had the potential to be applied in bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work was focused on the Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) detection by designing a portable and sustainable filter paper based sensor based on novel use of green enzyme mimic magnetic nanoparticles of Pinus needles (MNP). The nanozymes were synthesized via an easy ecofriendly and cheap route besides characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Zeta potential, X-ray diffraction and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer etc. The characterization study supported the suitability and optical properties of MNP for sensor fabrication like presence of various functional groups, availability of binding sites, moderate stability, super paramagnetic properties and amorphous structure etc. The coactive effect of Pinus needles and magnetic nanoparticles components on sensing platform demonstrated an inherent peroxidase-like activity with enhanced optical response for catalyzing the oxidation of substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine with perceived naked eye reaction. The optimization was carried out with respect to different parameters such as incubation time (15 min), Gel concentration (0.2 mg/mL) and concentration of MNP (2 mg/mL) etc. A good sensitivity was achieved by using color analyzing model at a lower limit of detection (LOD) 0.007 μ M in a relative wide-ranging of 0.01 μ M–0.09 μ M. The application in biological and samples environmental (tap water and milk) indicated that the proposed paper-based sensor delivers reasonable platforms for simple, sustainable, and quick detection of H 2 O 2 with high selectivity. [Display omitted] • Nanozyme based on magnetic nanoparticles of Pinus needles for Hydrogen peroxide detection. • Better sensitivity and selectivity through an affordable and ecofriendly approach. • Portable filter paper based assay for direct onsite monitoring of food quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work antibacterial effect of NCO (Nano-Cerium Oxide) particles on E.Coli (Escherichia Coli) Bacteria was studied. NCO (Nano Cerium Oxide) particles were synthesized via microwave induced combustion method. XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) characterized. NCO particles. Using Scherrer equation it was noted that NCO particles of 14-25 nm size were produced. The SEM and XRD results showed that size of NCO particles was decreased with increasing synthesization time. Synthesization time played vital role on the size of NCO particles. It was also noted that antibacterial action of NCO particles is size dependent. Antibacterial study through disc diffusion method revealed that NCO particles enhanced the efficiency of Amikin Grasil, Terivid and spraxin drugs against the E.Coli bacteria appreciably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GO/SnO2 micronanostructure was synthesized by a simple and effective hydrothermal method. The combined characterization methods such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Element mapping, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the Raman spectroscopy, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), photoluminescence (PL) the Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS) indicated the successful formation of GO/SnO2 micronanostructure. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity tested with RhB aqueous solution revealed that GO/SnO2 had excellent photocatalytic properties compared with SnO2. The photocatalytic efficiency of GO/SnO2 was much higher (about 2.5 times) than that of pure SnO2 under visible light irradiation. Based on these test results, we believe that the present work will provide some thoughts for further fabrication of other novel nanostructures and exploration of their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg doped NiO nanoparticles MgxNi1−xO (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) have been synthesized using sol–gel method. Their structure and morphology of the sample were analyzed using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX). From the XRD analysis, it is observed that the sample can have FCC structure with a particle size of 22 nm. Functional group analysis was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet visible spectrometer. The obtained band gap was 4.254 eV. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra showed blue emission with a strong band at 345 nm. SEM and TEM images confirmed the spherical morphology and high crystalline nature of the samples. EDX spectrum showed the purity of the samples. The magnetic properties of the samples were analyzed using the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 0.3 %Mg doped samples showed room temperature ferromagnetism with higher saturation magnetization. The synthesized nanoparticles were used further for the fabrication of low cost counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A thin film of pure and Mg doped NiO nanoparticles deposited on Fluorine tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate serves as an efficient plate to increase the number of holes and induced the electrocatalytic activity and yield the efficiency of 2.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe3O4 nanoparticles coating with poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (Fe3O4/PDDA) as novel magnetic adsorbents were synthesized with chemical co-precipitation method to study the removal capacity of organic phosphonates from aqueous solution. The as-prepared magnetic absorbents were characterized for the morphology, material structure and surface properties by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, TGA and BET. HEDP was employed as a common organic phosphonate to investigate the adsorption performance. Substantial quaternary ammonium groups existing on the surface of Fe3O4/PDDA could enhance the absorption of HEDP with electrostatic attraction. In the optimum condition (4 mg adsorbent dosage, 11.0 pH, 36 mg/L HEDP solution and 120 min adsorption time), the maximum adsorption capacity ( q m ) for HEDP could reach 254.86 mg/g. The kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm fitted closely to the Freundlich model. The as-prepared magnetic adsorbents exhibited notable reusability in some cycles and were easily separated from the solution with the external magnetic field. These as-prepared Fe3O4/PDDA nanoparticles have the potential as an environmental-friendly adsorbent for organic phosphonates removal from waste-water. Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified with PDDA have been successfully fabricated by the chemical co-precipitation method. The PDDA on the surface of particles provided substantial quaternary ammonium groups which enhanced the absorption of HEDP from aqueous solutions with electrostatic attraction. These magnetic nanoparticles exhibited good reusability in several cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palladium, the building block of white gold, has been found to exhibit extraordinary properties in nanotechnological products produced in recent years. The most prominent feature of palladium is adsorbing and storing high levels of hydrogen. Therefore, the demand for palladium in the world increased excessively in the 2000s. In the present study, palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were biosynthesized by the extract of Diospyros kaki leaves as bio-stimulator. D. kaki, also called persimmon, was collected in a local area in Istanbul Turkey. PdNP formation was screened by analyzing UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 250-550nm. The nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope which revealed that the biosynthesized PdNPs were in sizes ranging from 50 to 120 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy applied on both D. kaki leaf extract and PdNPs was used to decide on the reactive groups managing the reduction of the biosynthesized nanoparticles. Also, the PdNPs showed reasonably proficient antibacterial efficacy for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the zones of inhibition were found as 18 and 10.5 mm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering (17264073) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nano structured CeO2 has attracted much attention due to its redox properties, transport properties and high surface to volume ratio with respect to bulk materials. Trivalent ion doped ceria systems have better properties than the pure ceria systems. The present paper discusses the structural properties of nanostructured gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) co doped with Bi synthesized by citrate gel method. Phase pure samples are obtained, which is shown in the X-ray diffraction patterns. Presence of Ce, Gd and Bi in the samples is identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopic images show that nanorod shaped grains are obtained for the system. Nanorod shaped structures can yield better ionic conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A simple hydrothermal method was used for the synthesis of BiOCl nanoparticles. • 98% of methylene dye degradation exhibits the good photocatalytic activity of BiOCl nanoparticles. • BiOCl nanoparticles have shown good antimicrobial activity against tested bacterial and fungal strains. Nanotechnology provides a good opportunity to investigate and develop multifunctional nanoscale materials. Due to increased surface area and smaller size, nanomaterials are used as promising tools for many biological applications. Herein, a green approach is used to prepare bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanoparticles using a hydrothermal method and tender jackfruit extract is used as a natural reducing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to different spectroscopic techniques to characterize them. The crystallinity and phase composition were investigated by X-ray diffraction studies and confirmed the tetragonal structure of BiOCl. The surface morphology and elemental composition were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectra (EDS) analysis, and functional groups were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The as-synthesized BiOCl nanoparticles showed superior catalytic activity toward the detection of methylene blue dye with high degree of recyclability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the modifications in the structural and luminescence properties of erbium (Er + 3 ) doped Zinc-Lead-Phosphate (ZLP) glasses containing SnO 2 nanoparticles (SNPs). Glasses are prepared via melt quenching technique and characterized using high resolution scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), differential thermal analyzer (DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–Visible absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The DTA results showed an enhancement in the thermal stability with the incorporation of SNPs. The FESEM micrograph revealed the occurrence of uniformly distributed SNPs with average diameter around 21 nm. FTIR spectra exhibited various bonding vibrations, where the IR transmission band intensities are increased accompanied by a shift with the increase of SNPs contents. The UV–Vis spectra displayed six significant absorption peaks centered around 1536, 979, 799, 650, 523, and 485 nm. Room temperature PL spectra showed three emission peaks centered at 502, 545 and 606 nm. The emission intensities are enhanced with increasing SNPs contents. Present glass composition may be useful for the development of solid state lasers and other photonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]