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Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Stereospermum acuminatissimum resulted in the isolation of seventeen compounds, including four tirucallanes (1 – 4), three hopanes (5 – 7), one oleanane (8), three sterols (9 – 11), three saponins (12 – 14), two cinnamic acids (15 – 16), and one iridoid (17). The dehydration of compound 5 led to compound 5a. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Compounds 1 , 6 and 7 are reported from the Bignoniaceae family for the first time, while compounds 11 – 14 and 16 are reported from S. acuminatissimum for the first time. The in vitro antibacterial activities of some compounds (1 – 5 , 8 , 5a), the crude extract and the ethyl acetate fraction were assessed. The crude extract showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonea pneumonia and Klebsiella pneumoniae with MIC values of 62 μg/mL. Compound 1 revealed moderate antibacterial activities against K. pneumoniae , Shigella flexneri and Methycillin resistant S. aureus with MIC values of 62, 62 and 31 μg/mL respectively. [Display omitted] • Phytochemical investigation of Stereospermum acuminatissimum K. Schum. • Dehydration of one of the isolated compound. • Chemophenetic significance of the isolated compounds. • Antibacterial activities of crude extract, fractions and compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical investigation of the CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (1:1) extract from the aerial part of Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. & Thonn. (Rubiaceae) resulted in the isolation of sixteen known compounds (1 – 16) distributed in coumarins, flavonoid glucosides, quinic acid derivatives, triterpenoids, monoglycerid, steroids, tetraterpenoid and polyol. The structures of the compounds were determined by spectrometric and spectroscopic analysis including MS and NMR data followed by their comparison with reported ones in the literature. The chemophenetic significance of the isolated compounds was discussed. The crude extract and some of the isolated compounds were assessed in vitro for their antileishmanial, cytotoxic and antiplasmodial activities. The crude extract of M. erythrophylla showed moderate antileishmanial activity (IC 50 = 61.6 μg/mL) while the hexane soluble fraction showed good antileishmanial activity (IC 50 = 31.06 μg/mL) compared to the reference drug amphotericin B (IC 50 = 0.11 μM). Compounds 11 and 9 also exhibited potent antileishmanial activity (IC 50 = 53.7–52.0 μM). The crude extract as well as the ethyl acetate soluble fraction also exhibited good antiplasmodial activity (IC 50 = 7.43 ± 0.00 μg/mL and 14.49 ± 2.96 μg/mL respectively), while compounds 11 , 15 and 16 showed weak activity with IC 50 > 20 μM compared to the reference drug artemisinin (IC 50 = 0.014 ± 0.001 μM). [Display omitted] • Sixteen compounds isolated from aerial of Mussaenda erythrophylla. • The chemophenetic significance of isolates were studied. • Structures were cleared by extensive NMR and MS techniques. • Isolates showed moderate to significant cytotoxicity towards the parasites. • Compounds were low to moderate active against the parasites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical investigation of the CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (1:1) extract of the leaves of Rothmannia hispida (K. Schum.) Fagerl. (Rubiaceae) led to the isolation of a new ceramide rothmanniamide (1) and a naturally isolated alkyl cinnamate derivative n -heptadecyl-4-hydroxy- trans -cinnamate (2), along with fifteen known compounds including lupeol palmitate (3), lupeol (4), a mixture of uvaol (5) and erythrodiol (6), ursolic acid (7), 30- nor -2 α, 3 β -dihydroxyurs-12-ene (8), hederagenin (9), stigmast-22-en-3-ol (10), a mixture of β -sitosterol (11) and stigmasterol (12), stigmast-4,22-dien-3-ol (13), stigmasterol 3- O - β -D-glucoside (14), triacontan-1-ol (15), kaempferol 3- O - β -D-glucopyranoside (16) and D-mannitol (17). Their structures were elucidated with the help of MS and NMR data. Compounds 8 , 10 and 15 were isolated for the first time from the Rubiaceae family. The crude extract and the isolates were assessed in vitro for their antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani 1 S (MHOM/SD/62/1 S) promastigotes and cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Compounds 7 and 8 exhibited a highly potent antileishmanial activity with IC 50 values of 0.88 and 1.75 μg/mL, respectively, with good selectivity indexes (SI > 57). The chemophenetic significance of these compounds is also discussed. Image 1 • New secondary metabolites in Rothmannia hispida (K. Schum.) Fagerl. (Rubiaceae). • Three compounds were isolated for the first time from the Rubiaceae family. • Antileishmanial compounds from R. hispida. • The chemophenetic significance of the isolated compounds was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]