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This article addresses the crucial challenge of maintaining a reliable power supply in integrated electric systems that combine solar power and energy storage. It focuses on optimizing key parameters for remote photovoltaic, wind, and battery energy storage within the grid, with a primary goal of sustaining 24-hour load demand. The study introduces a comprehensive approach that integrates fuel price dynamics and battery depletion costs into the optimization model for hybrid grids. This approach seeks a delicate balance between sustainable energy usage and cost-effectiveness. To achieve this balance, the research employs genetic algorithms, a robust computational technique. These algorithms play a vital role in calculating discharge-charge cycles and assessing battery health, addressing concerns about battery longevity and performance. Additionally, the study explores a machine learning framework, specifically nested learning, to further enhance the optimization process. Nested learning allows for the development of a sophisticated target function that considers various grid operation parameters and constraints. This machine learning approach enhances the system's ability to dynamically monitor power consumption and generation. Within this machine learning framework, the TD Lambda learning algorithm takes a prominent role in identifying the optimal function. This algorithm is well-known for its efficiency, particularly in non-Markovian scenarios. Its quick convergence enhances the overall performance of the hybrid grid, ensuring efficiency in changing conditions. The research also evaluates the impact of weight factors on various aspects, including battery charging status, algorithmic decisions, and their consequences on optimal energy pricing within the hybrid grid. This comprehensive assessment deepens the understanding of how these weight factors influence grid performance and economic viability.

Abstract A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) aided by the Internet of Things (IoT) is a collaborative system of WSN systems and IoT networks are work to exchange, gather, and handle data. The primary objective of this collaboration is to enhance data analysis and automation to facilitate improved decision-making. Securing IoT with the assistance of WSN necessitates the implementation of protective measures to confirm the safety and reliability of the interconnected WSN and IoT components. This research significantly advances the current state of the art in IoT and WSN security by synergistically harnessing the potential of machine learning and the Firefly Algorithm. The contributions of this work are twofold: firstly, the proposed FA-ML technique exhibits an exceptional capability to enhance intrusion detection accuracy within the WSN-IoT landscape. Secondly, the amalgamation of the Firefly Algorithm and machine learning introduces a novel dimension to the domain of security-oriented optimization techniques. The implications of this research resonate across various sectors, ranging from critical infrastructure protection to industrial automation and beyond, where safeguarding the integrity of interconnected systems are of paramount importance. The amalgamation of cutting-edge machine learning and bio-inspired algorithms marks a pivotal step forward in crafting robust and intelligent security measures for the evolving landscape of IoT-driven technologies. For intrusion detection in the WSN-IoT, the FA-ML method employs a support vector machine (SVM) machine model for classification with parameter tuning accomplished using a Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm. The experimental evaluation is simulated using NSL-KDD Dataset, revealing the remarkable enhancement of the FA-ML technique, achieving a maximum accuracy of 99.34%. In comparison, the KNN-PSO and XGBoost models achieved lower accuracies of 96.42% and 95.36%, respectively. The findings validate the potential of the FA-ML technique as an active security solution for WSN-IoT systems, harnessing the power of machine learning and the Firefly Algorithm to bolster intrusion detection capabilities.

Introduction: Follow-up of the mothers and their offspring recruited to a randomized controlled trial comparing neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes treated with metformin or glibenclamide was conducted 9 years ago. A significant decrease in neonatal hypoglycemia in the group treated with metformin was seen in the original study. Methodology: Results of clinical examination, blood sample collection, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan not published in a brief communication are described in this study. The nutritional status was assessed using a 3-day recall method using the Indian Food Composition Table 2017. The physical activity of offspring was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: The overall follow-up rate of the cohort was 49% and similar in both the groups. The anthropometric details, blood tests, and DEXA in the women and their offspring were similar except that the offspring of the group on metformin had higher triglyceride values than the offspring of the women treated with glibenclamide. The average body mass index of the offspring was similar and was 18. Currently, women who were treated with glibenclamide 9 years ago had higher fasting plasma glucose levels (9.2 [7.3, 12.6]) than the metformin group (7.2 [6.1, 8.4] median [interquartile range]), P = 0.02. They also had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure readings 77.1mmHg (8.9) and 72.1mmHg (11.7) mean (SD), P = 0.035. (Information from the previously published brief communication). Conclusion: No significant adverse outcome was seen in women treated with metformin and the offspring 9 years later.

One can understand the period and the customs of the people through the literature of that time. The theory of feminism arose in the context of modernism in the late 19th century in the English speaking world. Feminism has been put forward in society as an intellectual principle and as a tool of mitigating the struggle suffered for ages. Feminism arose out of seeking freedom and emancipation for women as an alternative and remedy to oppression, violence and social exclusion, to uncover many forms of female oppression. Despite having all the virtues of family responsibilities, bearing children, love and affection, the woman is pushed to the point of curtailing her needs and desires for the benefit of others. Such servitude is more prevalent among women in Sangha literature. But today's women are capable and capable of working in all fields. In that way, the purpose of this article is to compare and analyze Samgam literary women and contemporary women.

Prof. Na. Subbu Reddiar has been published texts in various contexts. He has written hundreds of books in the fields of religion, philosophy, literature, grammar, sociology, science and children's literature and has made great contributions to Tamil Society. The majority of the texts written by the professor are religious. Prof. Na. Subbu Reddiar's book, “Introduction to Saiva Sidhantham”, explains the basic tenets of Saivam. In this book, he explains the philosophy of Saiva Sidhantham in a deep logical approach. Although the philosophical principles in Tamil have been developed through epics since the Sangam period, only “Panniru Thirumurai” form the basic texts of Tamil Saivam philosophy. Saiva Sidhantham has a unique place in the Indian philosophical tradition and is the basis for cultural heritage. Saiva Sidhantham is a philosophy that arose based on three facts. They are Pathi, Pasu, Paasam. This is called a triplet. In the introduction of this book, Prof. Subbu Reddiar has created based on the data on these ideals from Tamil spiritual texts. Prof. P. Krishnan mentions and records “Saiva Sidhantham Or Arimugam” as the first study book on Saiva Siddhanta. In the book, the professor writes logically on the three-dimensional interpretation of two thousand years of philosophical philosophies based on enlightenment, fact-finding, and theory.

Crack development is common occurrence in concrete structural element. By the cracks, which permits the H2O and varies form of chemicals inside the concrete elements and lessen their durability characteristics, properties of strength and which make the rust on rebar when its contact with H2O, Carbon-di-oxide(CO2) including other chemicals. In the concrete structures to repair it needs usual maintenance and particular unique method of treatment but it will not be cost effective. To rectify the issue the mechanism of self-healing is induced in concrete element which assists by generating crystallization of CaCO3 to repair the cracks which helps to clog the micro nano-cracks and endopores. The literatures studies were carried and the bacteria were selected based on the condition of survive in the pH greater than 10. The mix design of M30 concrete grade was designed for the work. The Culturing or Diluting of Calcite Depositing Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria was carried. The casted specimens are to determine the mechanical characteristics of concrete without and with bacteria for different cell concentrations for the comparison. After the curing period, the concrete with bacteria improves the structural properties which were found by the strength characteristics experiments on different cell concentration specimens in comparison with normal concrete. The crack closure and micro structural analysis were carried out by using Ultrasonic pulse velocity test and SEM analysis.

Order Orthoptera is one of the largest and most important invertebrate groups for environmental monitoring and assessment. Orthoptera faunal composition was carried out at Bharathi Park, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India to evaluate the present status of various species. PAST software was used to perform various statistical analyses to estimate the Orthoptera composition. Overall, 334 individuals belonging to 22 species, 19 genera, 17 tribes under 10 subfamilies, and four families of Orthoptera were recorded. Species richness (59.09%) and species abundance (70.06%) were recorded highest in the Acrididae family followed by Pyrgomorphidae, Tettigoniidae, and Gryllidae. Oedipodinae was the most species-rich (27.27%) and the most abundant subfamily, accounting for 30.24% of the total collected individuals. During the study period, 10 dominant, five intermediate dominance, four incidental, and three rare species were observed. Among these, Spathosternum prasiniferum was found to be the most dominant species (D=18.26) and the least dominant (D = 0.6) species was Euconocephalus pallidus. Based on the principal component analysis, the distribution of species along with the first two PCs (PC1= 33.87% and PC2=28.68%) accounted for the highest variance of the total variances. Cluster analysis showed that Acrotylus humbertianus and Teleogryllus mitratus, Conocephalus maculates and Gryllus bimaculatus Orthopterans were similar to each other. The value of the Shannon diversity index (2.27), Simpson index (0.87), Margalef index (2.2), and α-diversity (5.75) were higher in Acrididae when compared with other families. Value of Evenness (0.93) was highest in Gryllidae. Statistical analysis infers that the richness and abundance percentage of Orthopterans significantly varied between species to species and family to family.

Objectives: Patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs; dyslipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking) are reported to have a worse clinical outcome compared to those with SMuRFs. However, robust prospective data and low-and middle-income country perspective are lacking. We aimed to study the patients with first STEMI and assess the influence of SMuRFs on clinical outcomes by comparing the patients with and without SMuRFs. Methods: We included all consecutive STEMI patients without prior coronary artery disease enrolled in the Madras Medical College STEMI Registry from September 2018 to October 2019. We collected baseline clinical characteristics, revascularisation strategies and clinical outcome. We analysed suboptimal self-reported sleep duration as a 5th extended SMuRF (eSMuRF). Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital complications and one-year all-cause mortality. Results: Among 2,379 patients, 605 patients (25.4%) were SMuRF-less. More women were SMuRF-less than men (27.1% vs 22.1%; P = 0.012). SMuRF-less patients were older (57.44 ± 13.95 vs 55.68 ± 11.74; P < 0.001), more often former tobacco users (10.4% vs 5.0%; P < 0.001), with more anterior wall MI (62.6% vs 52.1%; P = 0.032). The primary outcome [in-hospital mortality (10.7% vs 11.3%; P = 0.72)] and secondary outcomes [in-hospital complications (29.1% vs 31.7%; P = 0.23) and one-year all-cause mortality (22.3% vs 22.7%; P = 0.85)] were similar in both groups. Addition of suboptimal self-reported sleep duration as a 5th eSMuRF yielded similar results. Conclusions: 25% of first STEMI patients were SMuRF-less. Clinical outcomes of patients without SMuRFs were similar to those with SMuRFs. Suboptimal sleep duration did not account for the risk associated with the SMuRF-less status.

Biologically inspired synthesis of nanoparticles was found to be more attractive in metal nanoparticle synthesis. The present study reported an in-situ biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Solanum trilobatum aqueous leaf extract. On this basis, the aqueous leaf extract of S. trilobatum acted as a reducing agent and stabilizing agent to synthesize highly stable AgNPs at ambient temperature. Eventually, the synthesized and stabilized AgNPs surface plasmon resonance was near 430 nm through a UV–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometer. Here, the stability of the silver colloids monitored through zeta potential and mean particle size was evaluated through diffraction light scattering (DLF). Further, the average particle size was found to be 27.6 nm and spherical, confirmed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, colloidal AgNPs and aqueous extract are found to be rich sources of antioxidants and exhibit higher free radical scavenging ability. Thus, efficient inhibition with COX1 and COX2 enzymes and the protective effect with human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stability showed significant results. These features are promising, suggesting the possibility of the AgNPs to be useful to disease-modifying for treating inflammatory disorders and associated complications.

Introduction: Gynura procumbens (Lorr.) Merr. (GP) displays cardio-protective effect, which may hinder atherogenesis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and leukocytes. The current study was undertaken to elucidate the chemical constituents of GP ethanol extract and its aqueous, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions, and their effects on CD4+ T cell differentiation during atherogenesis. Methods: Initially, the bioactive constituents in GP ethanol extract and its fractions were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Generated mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC) were loaded with oxLDL and GP ethanol extract and its fractions for 24 hours and co-cultured with mouse CD4+ T cells for 72 hours. For the determination of T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt, Foxp3, DLL-3, and Jagged-1 mRNA gene expression, the floating cells (CD4+ T cells) and adherence cells (BMDC) were isolated from their total RNAs and reverse transcribed into cDNA.Results: GC-MS analysis showed that GP ethanol extract and its fractions contained various volatile compounds. GP ethanol extract and its fractions also increased the DLL-3 gene but suppressed Jagged-1 gene expression in oxLDL-treated BMDC. Furthermore, GP ethanol extract and its fractions suppressed T-bet, GATA-3, and RORγt gene expression but increased the expression of the Foxp3 gene in differentiated CD4 + T cells. Conclusion: GP ethanol extract and its fractions are composed of various bioactive chemical components that can induce anti-atherogenic effects by inhibiting pro-atherogenic cells such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells while increasing anti-atherogenic cells, Treg cells.

Abstract We propose highly sensitive trichannel photonic crystal fibre (TCPCF) refractive index (RI) sensor based surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In this design, we have been integrated the sensing layer with thin gold metal deposited over the surface of the TCPCF for fabrication feasible and easy liquid infiltration. Then, Y‐shaped channel is formed through reducing the diametre of air holes for controlling the direction of light through photonic crystal fibre to attain high sensitivity. Also, effective coupling between surface plasmon polariton mode at the metal layer and the core‐guided mode is obtained by numerical simulation of finite element method. The optimized TCPCF sensor exhibits maximum amplitude sensitivity of 1938.5 RIU−1 and wavelength sensitivity of 11,000 nm.RIU−1 within the analyte range from 1.34 to 1.39. Further, we have achieved amplitude resolution of 5.2 × 10−6 RIU and wavelength resolution of 9.1 × 10−6 RIU. It is confirmed high detection accuracy for small changes in RI analyte. Moreover, high figure of merit of 623.9 RIU−1 is obtained for the proposed sensor. Therefore, the proposed TCPCF RI sensor can be utilized in the chemical, bio and gas sensing applications.

In Social development, human beings subject themselves to norms and definitions through culture and civilization. There must be a conflict between human beings that is natural when living socially. That is why they make restrictions in all walks of life to make it better and have been called morals, ethics in the voice of philosophy. Humans become disciplined by becoming orderly and may be useful to the development of society. Virtues are formed and based on how society teaches its subjects. Various literature has insisted on the need for virtues to make a benevolent state. Many comments on individual virtues can be found in the book on the development of leadership qualities, philosophical books and literature. Divine scriptures are also insisting every man become individual. Tamil literature is also a moral source of literature that points out the ultimate need for individuality. V. Iraianbu is an IAS officer known for his good administration and is now the Tamil Nadu Chief Secretary, a noted writer, orator and a multi-faceted personality. His works are always commendable that could develop the spirit of Individuality. This paper focuses on the need of individual ethics and the literary evidence in V.Iraiyanbu’s “Vaiyath Thalamai Kol”.

The sorghum culture TNS 648 (APK 1 x M35-1) recorded an average grain yield of 2445 kg/ha and fodder yield of 6490 kg/ha with an increase of 10.30 per cent and 10 per cent, respectively over CO 30 under rainfed condition. It also excelled K 12 by recording a 9.17 per cent and 13 per cent increase for grain and fodder yield, respectively. In irrigated situation, TNS 648 recorded an average grain yield of 2911 Kg/ha and fodder yield of 11710 kg/ha with a yield increase of 12 per cent and 10, respectively overruling sorghum variety CO 30. TNS 648 also performed better over K12 by recording an 11.32 per cent and 14 per cent increase for grain and fodder yield, respectively. Under AICRP on Sorghum national level testing, TNS 648 recorded a mean yield of 3100 Kg/ha and fodder yield of 11453 Kg/ha and excelled CSV 17 by recording 6.11 and 29.99 per cent increase of grain and fodder yield, respectively. It matures in 105 - 110 days, Grains are highly acceptable, yellowish white in colour, borne on medium semi-compact ear heads. The sorghum culture TNS 648 is moderately resistant to important shoot pests viz., shoot fly and stem borer. It is moderately resistant to downy mildew and grain mold. It has high protein (11.31-14.66 %) and fiber content (5.8 %) along with better cooking quality traits. Hence, the promising culture TNS 648 has been proposed for new release during 2020 and released as sorghum CO 32 for general cultivation in Tamil Nadu for both under rainfed and irrigated condition.

Mucormycosis has emerged as a disease of immense importance, especially owing to the surge of cases during the second wave of COVID pandemic. Various factors are being attributed to the sudden burst of cases in our country, such as higher fungal spore counts in tropical climate, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, prolonged steroid therapy, contamination of oxygen facilities, respiratory equipment, reused face mask, and zinc supplements. The need of the hour is to emphasize on awareness of early warning signs, as the benefits appear to be time sensitive.

Recent trends in the field of communication science show that most devices are built and governed by Visible Light Communication (VLC) and Light Emitting Diodes (LED). The communication process depends on source characteristics and bandwidth restriction, and effective methods of modulation and demodulation can enhance data rate. Attractive and practical Carrierless Amplitude-Phase (CAP) modulation is used for higher efficiency and easier implementation. However, the performance of the CAP-VLC system gets adversely affected by factors like jamming, scattering, and low sensitivity to receiver signal. Hence, this paper examines the mitigation of available system degrading factors, based on a high-speed, extreme learning machine algorithm (ELM). Prediction analysis and simulation are processed using trained raw dataset for CAP demodulation, to prove the level of performance in terms of accuracy as 92%, under various parametric conditions. This system that is proposed can achieve bit error rate (BER) of 40% to 50% of noise ratio and can be effectively used in sectors like medical health care, banking, and finance.

Chronic diabetes extensively complicates the glucose metabolism to onset and progress the complication. Concurrently, several contemporary medicines, especially organo-metallic formulations, are emerging to treat hyperglycemia. The current study aims to emphasize the gold nanoparticles (GNPs) potential for glucose metabolism regulation in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out to detect the mRNA expression of Glucose transporters 2 (GLUT2), Glucokinase (GK) and Glucose 6 Phosphatase (G-6-Pase). The study shows remarkable results such as the prognostic effect of GNPs in reinforcing the repression of enzyme complex G-6-Pase about 13.3-fold when compared to diabetes control. Also, molecular docking studies showed significant inhibition of G-6-Pase by the terpenoid ligands with alpha and beta amyrin from leaf extract of Couroupita guianensis. Thus the study explored the novel mechanism of G-6-Pase downregulated by GNPs intervention that majorly contributes to the regulation of circulatory glucose homeostasis during diabetes.

Subhepatic appendicitis is rare in children and often presents with atypical symptoms and signs, resulting in delayed diagnosis with attendant complications. The presence of hyperbilirubinemia could be a marker of complicated appendicitis and may assist rural physicians to seek specialist assistance early.