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"Last Paper Standing: A Century of Competition Between the Denver Post and the Rocky Mountain News" by Ken J. Ward explores the rivalry between the two newspapers and the decline of multiple newspaper cities. The book highlights the intense competition between the Denver Post and the Rocky Mountain News, which lasted for over a century. It also delves into the personalities involved and the innovative ways the newspapers differentiated themselves to benefit readers. The author suggests that both newspapers could have coexisted, preserving the high standard of journalism, but ultimately only one newspaper survived. The book emphasizes the importance of preserving good newspapers and the loss that occurs when they fold. [Extracted from the article]

Administrative metadata for digital images is discussed in the context of the International Poster Collection at the Colorado State University Libraries. The decision-making process that resulted in the use of the NISO draft standard “Data Dictionary: Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images” is detailed. The draft standard is discussed, as are the outcomes of its use in the poster project. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Yu's given name is actually Zhuowei Yu, but most people in the mineral community know her as Safaa Yu. This article presents the colored-pencil artwork of Safaa Yu of Littleton, Colorado. So finally 2020 comes, and for a while I had some time to challenge myself a little by using colored pencils (Prismacolor brand).... As I [progress in my art], I really like to work with them and hopefully will explore more with colored pencils in the future. [Extracted from the article]

This paper concerns elliptic problems involving supercritical Sobolev growth without the (AR) condition and with a mixed boundary Dirichlet-Neumann type condition. The conditions imposed on the nonlinearity considered here generalizes several previous papers, including that presented in the work that inspired this paper, due to Peral and Colorado, in 2003. Beyond that, we present some complementary results, concerning the non-existence of solutions to a class of elliptic problems and a comparison result inspired by the case of Dirichlet boundary conditions, presented by the work of Ambrosetti, Brezis and Cerami. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on several papers discussed at the 22nd Annual Mid-Year Meeting of the American Taxation Association held in Denver, Colorado on February 19-20, 2010. The meeting featured Continuing Professional Education (CPE) sessions with papers on tax administration, book-tax difference disclosure and the nature of tax. Presenters and researchers featured in the meeting includes former Internal Revenue Service Commissioner Deborah Nolan, Michael P. Donohoe and John Robinson.

Assessment is an important part of any library service, including electronic reserves. This paper describes the assessment of electronic reserves services by means of a survey instrument administered at the University of Colorado, Boulder during the fall semester, 2003. As the University Libraries had moved from a predominately paper reserves environment to an almost completely electronic reserves environment at the beginning of that same semester, the survey offered a unique opportunity to compare student attitudes towards the two formats. We addressed planning for the survey, administering the survey, evaluation of the collected data, and reporting the results to teaching faculty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how journalists addressed Kobe Bryant's 2003 rape case as they constructed the basketball star's memory through coverage of his death. Bryant, who died in a helicopter crash on Jan. 26, 2020, was accused of raping a hotel clerk in Colorado; charges were dropped when the woman refused to testify, but the parties reached a civil settlement. This textual analysis examines 488 news stories about Bryant's death, content produced by 18 U.S. news organizations (12 newspapers, two magazines, three online-only publications and a cable broadcast outlet) between Jan. 26 and Oct. 31, 2020. It finds that coverage created a field of discourse that mainly celebrated Bryant for his athletic greatness, as a family man, cultural icon and supporter of women's basketball. The paper argues that, despite the influence of social media and the #MeToo movement, journalists continue to oversimplify and cleanse the narratives of famous men with problematic pasts. The paper calls on journalists to draw from feminist theory and utilize triangulated reporting methods to incorporate marginalized viewpoints when memorializing famous men with problematic pasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethnohistory of the Colorado River delta has been substantively misunderstood, owing to the widespread neglect and/or misinterpretations of the writings of Francisco Garcés. In 1771, 1774, and 1775–1776, Garcés undertook three entradas into the delta, and wrote a series of valuable ethnographic accounts. Not only have Garcés's locations and routes frequently been misidentified by earlier scholars, his observations on agricultural production and population size have been ignored or marginalized, enabling misconceptions about delta historical demography and adaptation to flourish. The present paper seeks to restore Garcés's accounts, making his locations and ethnographic observation intelligible and interpretable, and to show how these can help resolve extant misconceptions. Part I focuses on some key texts, tying his locations to a master map. Part II focuses on ethnolinguistic groups and settlement sites, discusses the implications for a better understanding of historical demography and agricultural adaptation in the delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State policymaking is at the center of many oil and gas related disputes. Driven by the promise of affordable energy, economic development, and new revenues, supporters of oil and gas have pushed for policies designed to nurture the oil and gas industry, whereas opponents have emphasized a myriad of environmental threats and disruptions. Statewide ballot initiatives related to oil gas extraction offer a particularly useful lens to examine the preferences of voters in that states are home to residents who directly and indirectly experience the promises and perils of extraction. This paper examines two ballot initiatives in Colorado from 2018, one of which was supported by the oil and gas industry; the other of which was opposed by the same industry. We find that the inclusion of natural amenities, livelihood, and population change provides a useful set of variables for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethnohistory of the Colorado River delta has been substantively misunderstood, owing to the widespread neglect and/or misinterpretations of the writings of Francisco Garcés. In 1771, 1774, and 1775–76, Garcés undertook three entradas into the delta, and wrote a series of valuable ethnographic accounts. Not only have Garcés's locations and routes frequently been misidentified by earlier scholars, his observations on agricultural production and population size have been ignored or marginalized, enabling misconceptions about delta historical demography and adaptation to flourish. The present paper seeks to restore Garcés's accounts, making his locations and ethnographic observations intelligible and interpretable, and to show how these can help resolve extant misconceptions. Part I focuses on some key texts, tying his locations to a master map. Part II focuses on ethnolinguistic groups and settlement sites, and discusses the implications for a better understanding of historical demography and agricultural adaptation in the delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to advance the current research on the new super diverging diamond interchange (Super DDI) design by evaluating the safety performance of its two versions (super DDI-1 and super DDI-2) using real-field data. Three interchanges were selected in Denver metro, Colorado as the potential candidates to model for future retrofit. This study considered four interchange designs (i.e., existing diamond, DDI, super DDI-1, and super DDI-2) to assess the safety performance using the combination of VISSIM, Synchro, and SSAM analyzing tools. Several microsimulation models (120 scenarios with 600 runs in total) were created with three peak hours (AM, Noon, and PM) for existing (the year 2020) and projected (the year 2030) traffic volumes. Based on the results, both super DDI versions showed high potential in improving safety. As an important finding from this research, super DDI designs outperformed DDI when considering adjacent signals, while DDI performed apparently similar or sometimes even insignificantly better compared to super DDI if no adjacent intersections were located in the vicinity and if the demand was lower than DDI's capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined frames and second-level agenda-setting attributes used by national and local newspapers to cover the 2012 Aurora, Colorado shootings. Unlike research examining coverage of school shootings, this study examined a mass shooting that did not occur at a school. Both newspaper types published a similar number of articles—though national articles tended to be longer—and virtually stopped coverage after 18 days. While previous coverage tended to focus on shootings’ societal implications, Aurora coverage focused more on individuals involved in the time immediately surrounding the shootings. National papers focused on the gunman, while the local press tended to focus on victims. Mass shootings in general tend to be salient news items, but the present study further shows news outlets may now focus on incidents’ specifics instead of common characteristics they might share, perhaps because audiences have an existing understanding of them. The shootings were framed in terms of gun control; national newspapers used this frame more often than did local newspapers. Both newspaper types tended to discuss gun control as directly related to the Aurora shootings, rather than as a societal or continuing need. Results offer further evidence that second-level agenda-setting and framing are distinct concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Rights metadata in digital collections play an important role in indicating the copyright status of digitized objects and providing users with information in terms of reuse. Describing the copyright of archival materials can be complicated because of limited information about authorship and date of creation. The process of assessing copyright and selecting rights statements is particularly challenging in community archives, often organized by volunteers. This paper presents a case of evaluating copyright and implementing standardized rights statements in the Park County Local History Archive, a community archive in Colorado. The archival collections include a mix of historical materials and recent digital donations. The rights statements from RightsStatements.org were assigned to each digitized object in the digital archive. An assessment study reviewing the accuracy of the assigned statements was conducted. The analysis revealed some inaccuracies and provided an opportunity to revise the rights metadata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the technical service department at the University of Northern Colorado's James A. Michener Library underwent a major reorganization, Rick Kerns and his team were given the task to streamline and enhance various electronic resource workflows using internally developed tools. Kerns discussed the development of an interactive form to check e-journal holdings using a Microsoft Access database. He then described the Electronic Serial Correction Form and the Electronic Order Form, which were developed to change paper workflow into an electronic one, making the routing process easier and the forms clearer, more accurate, and searchable. A brief summary of this session, also authored by Ning Han, appeared in the 'E-resource Roundup' column of the Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship, Volume 23, Issue 1 (2011: March). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When electronic reserves emerged in the 1990s, publishers maintained, "Digital is different." Publishers reasoned that students were more likely to copy electronic files than paper files and more likely to distribute electronic copies to others via the Internet. This paper reports the results of a survey of 925 students at the University of Colorado, Boulder. The authors found that there was little difference between student copying practices of reserves in electronic and paper formats. The authors also found that students rarely transmitted copies in either format to other individuals outside the class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on research conducted in Colorado in late-2019 and again post-COVID outbreak, from April through May of 2020. In addition to (virtual) face-to-face interviews, the study used a GPS tracking app to map respondents' macromobilities – trips from one GPS coordinate to another. The data presented are informed by practice theory. The paper's findings focus on the themes of competencies, moralities, and mobilities. Gender proved a particularly significant variable for disentangling the diversity and contingency involved in the social effects of the pandemic, while also stressing the continuities of practice for some, and disruptions for others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable microstructure measurement of snow is a requirement for microwave radiative transfer model validation. Snow specific surface area (SSA) can be measured using stereological methods, in which snow samples are cast in the field and photographed in the laboratory. Processing stereology photographs manually by counting intersections of test cycloids with air–ice boundaries reduces the problems in binary segmentation. This paper is a case study to evaluate the repeatability of the manually stereology interpretation by two independent research groups. We further assessed how uncertainty in snow SSA influences simulated brightness temperature (TB) driven by the Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpacks (MEMLS), and how stereology compares to Near Infrared (NIR) camera and hand lens. Data was obtained from two alpine snow profiles from Steamboat Springs, Colorado. Results showed that stereological SSA values measured by two groups are highly consistent, and the ground radiometer measured TB at 19 and 37 GHz was successfully predicted (RMSE<3.8 K); simulations using NIR SSA and hand-lens geometric grain size (Dg) measurements have larger errors. This conclusion was not sensitive to uncertainty in the free parameters of TB modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most transportation agencies employ low-cost surface treatments and light pavement rehabilitation as affordable maintenance strategies on Low-volume roads (LVRs). Yet, decisions about these treatments are made based primarily on local experience and can differ significantly in different management regions. Therefore, the effectiveness of different treatments should be documented. In the state of Colorado, specific maintenance policies are implemented on the pavement management of LVRs due to limited funding. In 2018, a regional survey of practice was conducted to collect information on managing LVRs in Colorado. The objective is to identify efficient pavement management systems for the benefit of implementation and guidance nationwide. This paper summarises the main results of the survey and provides a comprehensive discussion of key issues related to managing LVRs. The optimisation strategies and target levels were proposed, and a case study was optimised as part of a multi-year maintenance planning. As a result of this study, transportation agencies can determine future budget needs, funding allocations and treatment policy in order to demonstrate the best possible use of pavement management resources on LVRs. It also provides useful guidelines for LVRs practitioners who understand the importance of promoting the education of considering effective maintenance practices and funding for roads in the lower management levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) developed Drivability Life (DL) index to estimate useable pavement service life for roadway segments. The DL process is similar in concept to the Remaining Service Life (RSL). The DL of pavement is a measure, in years, of how long a roadway segment will have acceptable driving conditions. A preliminary experimental study conducted by CDOT concluded that the DL can be efficiently used in Pavement Management System (PMS). For detail analysis, CDOT incorporated DL in their 2013 and 2014 PMS database. This paper presents the results from the experimental study and performed a preliminary analysis on the low volume roads in the State of Colorado. Analysis confirmed that the RSL can be replaced by DL, and may help representing more accurate pavement condition of a roadway segment, thus help maintaining the roadway networks efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2016 the EPA revised the Exceptional Events Rule of the Clean Air Act (CAA) making important changes to what types of air quality events are considered exceptional. The rule allows "exceptional" air quality events to be excluded from the dataset used to determine air quality violations, specifically attainment and nonattainment. These exclusions allow air quality levels to remain above standards, yet simultaneously appear safe. This policy analysis focuses on the revisions and asks two questions. What are the negative consequences in how the rule defines exceptional events? Does this rule support the primary goal of the CAA? The paper analyzes four exclusion criteria, focuses in on air pollution from dust storms, and draws on a case study of Lamar, Colorado. It returns to the original questions to argue, first, that the rule allows common events to be excluded from the dataset, and second, works against the ultimate goal of the CAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic, onshore oil and gas production has increased substantially in the United States in the last ∼20 years, creating a range of positive and negative impacts on communities. In this paper, we add to the growing literature on unconventional oil and gas production (a.k.a., "fracking") and well-being by evaluating the association between self-reported stress induced by local oil and gas development and subjective well-being in the form of self-rated health. We also ask how the intensity of local drilling and trust in regulators influences self-rated health. Using novel survey data, we compare three Colorado communities with differential amounts of oil and gas development. Results from ordinal logistic regression models suggest that living in a community that hosts extraction is associated with lower self-rated health and that stress from local oil and gas operations is associated with lower self-rated health. To some degree, trust in regulators seems to improve self-rated health. We discuss implications for research and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between metadata and a user's ability to effectively locate and select a given resource has been a primary interest of library and information professionals. Important questions about how metadata can best meet emerging search behaviors require continuous and engaged analysis. This paper describes such an analysis of click-through rates for e-book and streaming video resources, attempting to correlate use rates with the presence and character of metadata elements in their associated records. We found no strong correlation between the length of a metadata record, or the presence of individual fields, and higher use rates. A discussion of the implications of these findings for further research is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kiva is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kiva is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Professor James F. Willard, head of the Dept. of History from 1907 to 1935 and history professor Frederick L. Paxson at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, devoted much of their time to collecting manuscripts throughout the state which led the foundation of the Western Historical Collections (WHC) at the University. During World War I, Willard received the first financial support specifically for historical records development. This period was the official beginning of WHC. With the decline during the 1920s of the West's hardrock mining industry, collecting of materials from the fading bonanza towns resulted in major groups of records being found. The University Library accepted complete responsibility for the development of the Western Historical Collections in 1959, and with this change, a full-time, permanent, and qualified staff was hired. In 1964, the curator, John A. Brennan, a history professor, began to change the direction of acquisition from frontier and pioneer era material to 20th century manuscripts concerning political, social, and economical history emphasizing labor, politics, women, and non-profit organizations.

When violence broke out in the strike-ridden coalfields of Colorado in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson was called upon to send federal troops into the State. Wilson had already made several attempts to bring about a settlement and was now faced with a decision fraught with political implications. The role Wilson played in the strike — the story of his critical decision to use federal troops — is less well known. In the spring of 1914, Wilson had problems enough on the international scene. Tension was mounting in Europe and, more immediately, the incident in Mexico had reached proportions of an inter-American crisis. Then, in April, violence flared up in Colorado, and Wilson ordered federal troops to occupy part of that State. Understanding the decision behind this movement is important in understanding Wilson's attitude toward the presidency. The situation in Colorado had not developed suddenly. The State had earlier been the site of serious labor disturbances in the mineral industry and these disturbances left a legacy that would intensify emotions of Colorado's citizens when the 1913 strike began.

The most important issue in managing low-volume roads (LVRs) is to define standards and practices applied on roads. In recent years, transportation agencies have dealt with considerable challenges for managing LVRs. These challenges include reductions in maintenance budgets; impact of industrial activities; and ineffective treatments applied on paved roads. The Wyoming Technology Transfer Centre (WYT2/LTAP) conducted online surveys as part of a research project conducted jointly with the Colorado Department of Transportation. The objective of the surveys is to document what the transportation agencies, including state departments of transportation (DOTs), are doing to face these challenges. Four online surveys were sent to the TRB LVRs committee, eight DOTs, local governments in Colorado and the material advisory committee in the Colorado DOT. These surveys have an average of 26 questions dealing with pavement management system (PMS) specifications recommended for low-volume paved roads. Seventy-one transportation agencies responded to the survey. This paper summarises the responses to the survey showing innovative programmes, procedures and products that are successfully meeting LVRs pavement management needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that hospital librarians are advised to provide new services to regular customers and hospital employees. It mentions that care providers seek degrees or certifications through distance programs. It mentions that the basic requirements for proctoring is a quiet place with a table for paper and increased human presence.

The production landscapes that once dominated the rural American West are being transformed into amenity landscapes intended largely for consumption by in-migrants and visitors. However, once people settle in the rural West, a newly realized amenity may be recognized: the region's relic cultural landscape. This paper builds upon a 2007 study that used resident-employed photography to assess the varying environmental perspectives of, and social interactions between, newcomers and long-established ranchers in a rural Colorado valley. Photographs taken by both lifelong ranchers and newer nonagricultural residents highlighted two relic landscapes in the valley: its cemetery and one-room schoolhouse. This study investigates these particular cultural landscapes, their histories, meanings, and what their futures in this region may hold, given the in-migration. Using archives, landscape interpretation, and interviews with key informants, this paper analyzes how newcomers may appropriate these relic landscapes and further develop them as cultural amenities in their new environment. Simultaneously, long-established ranchers may defend these landscapes of their own heritage against such co-optation. The interests of newcomers in these historic relics impacts how they are, and will continue to be, managed, possibly creating new opportunities for social interaction among these groups. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article offers the author's insights on the 2010 meeting of the American Tax Association (ATA) held on February 19-20 in Denver, Colorado regarding academic accounting. The author states that the meeting offered research-related speaking parts and accommodated the faculty who are uninterested in academic research. The author relates that the meeting also offered advantages to those people with sub-disciplinary identity and gave researchers choices which are essential in accounting research.

In this concept paper, the authors explore online learning in social work and how IV-E education has been and will continue to be impacted. An empirical estimate of the national prevalence of online IV-E social work degree options is presented. Using Colorado as a case example, the authors share some of the opportunities and challenges presented by online education. Universities in Colorado have realized that online education connects rural and indigenous communities, reduces the need for students to relocate, and promotes a well-prepared, qualified child welfare workforce, but online options also challenge programs with localization issues. With connectivity increased and the physical location of students becoming less and less relevant, IV-E child welfare education providers need a proactive national dialogue to further assess the benefits and barriers to IV-E partnerships across state lines and the development of promising approaches in this area. The recruitment and retention of a well-educated and prepared child welfare workforce is critical for positive outcomes for children and families. Online social work education continues to grow nationwide. Now is the time for a national workgroup, including a broad group of stakeholders, to explore how the IV-E community will respond to online delivery of social work education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of ways that professional power is perceived in social work practice is limited. This exploratory qualitative study analyzes second-year MSW students' perceptions of professional power in social work practice. This inquiry is guided by social constructivism and symbolic interactionism perspectives. The authors used constant comparison methods to analyze documents (student papers on professional power). Two emergent themes, operationalizing power and conceptualizing professional power, are presented. The importance of understanding and taking responsibility for power dynamics endemic to social work relationships is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an assessment is made of the extent to which proximity to 38 dispersed public housing sites opening in Denver during 1992-95 affected post-development levels and trends in neighbourhood crime rates. A new econometric specification incorporating pre- and post-controls for selection bias as well as spatial autocorrelation was employed to test for statistical relationships between the development of dispersed public housing sites and subsequent increases in various types of crime. The findings suggest that proximity to dispersed public housing was not associated with any post-development increase in reported crime of any type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In May 2002, the Denison Memorial Library at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and the J. Otto Lottes Health Sciences Library at the University of Missouri-Columbia, with funding from the National Network of Libraries of Medicine-Midcontinental Region, embarked on a collaborative, real-time reference project using the 24/7 Reference, Inc., software package. This paper describes how the project was conceived, and includes details on the service hours, staffing, training, marketing, lessons learned, and future plans for the service. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper describes the University of Colorado at Boulder's experience in planning and implementing a temporary off-campus storage facility holding approximately 325,000 volumes. Documentation of the need for storage and communication with teaching faculty is discussed. Key decisions determining the selection of materials to be stored are reviewed as well as the technical processing of those materials. Selection of an appropriate facility and ongoing retrieval of items are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Historic land use policies and fire suppression practices have resulted in vegetation conditions and fuel loadings on public lands which increase the potential for catastrophic wildfire events. Air quality is an important consideration during wildfire events and in implementing the fire or smoke management practices which reduce the likelihood and/or impacts of such events. Regulations exist at the national, state, and in some cases local level, to protect public health and visibility/scenic values from the air pollution from many sources, including fire. Air regulators can make informed decisions, and better set priorities in support of implementing wildfire prevention actions and management alternatives, if they can identify and rank areas susceptible to wildfire events relative to the potential risk to air quality values. This information can also be used by land managers to better incorporate air quality considerations into their overall analysis of the cumulative socio- environmental effects of potential wildfire events. This paper describes a screening method which utilizes readily available data sources and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools in conjunction with an air quality dispersion model to rank risks from potential wildfire events relative to public health and visibility air quality values. The screening method is piloted using information from the State of Colorado. The results can be used to indicate and communicate the potential risk to air quality values for those areas which are susceptible to wildfire events. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Historic fire suppression efforts have increased the likelihood of large wildfires in much of the western U.S. Post-fire soil erosion and sedimentation risks are important concerns to resource managers. In this paper we develop and apply procedures to predict post-fire erosion and sedimentation risks on a pixel-, catchment-, and landscape-scale in central and western Colorado. Our model for predicting post-fire surface erosion risk is conceptually similar to the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). One key addition is the incorporation of a hydrophobicity risk index (HYRISK) based on vegetation type, predicted fire severity, and soil texture. Post-fire surface erosion risk was assessed for each 90-m pixel by combining HYRISK, slope, soil erodibility, and a factor representing the likely increase in soil wetness due to removal of the vegetation. Sedimentation risk was a simple function of stream gradient. Composite surface erosion and sedimentation risk indices were calculated and compared across the 72 catchments in the study area. When evaluated on a catchment scale, two-thirds of the catchments had relatively little post-fire erosion risk. Steeper catchments with higher fuel loadings typically had the highest post-fire surface erosion risk. These were generally located along the major north-south mountain chains and, to a lesser extent, in west-central Colorado. Sedimentation risks were usually highest in the eastern part of the study area where a higher proportion of streams had lower gradients. While data to validate the predicted erosion and sedimentation risks are lacking, the results appear reasonable and are consistent with our limited field observations. The models and analytic procedures can be readily adapted to other locations and should provide useful tools for planning and management at both the catchment and landscape scale. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper explores recent state legislative processes in Colorado and Texas related to bills proposing support for restorative justice as a juvenile diversion tool for criminal courts. It uses two maximum variation case studies to explore issue statements related to theoretically-supported factors likely to influence the adoption of restorative justice legislation, and draws conclusions about the importance of political partisanship, economic strain, and key figures such as policy entrepreneurs, advocacy coalitions, and interest groups in legislative decision-making. Emerging themes suggest that support for restorative justice policies is at least sometimes bipartisan and is unlikely to be motivated by economic interests. Collaborative processes within a traditionally adversarial system distinguished successful restorative justice decision-making in Colorado. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovery is an important but understudied phase in the disaster management cycle. Researchers have identified numerous socio-demographic factors that help explain differences in recovery among households, but are less clear on the importance of place, which we define as a household's locality and local governance. In this paper, we examine the influence of place on disaster recovery through a study of the 2013 Colorado floods. Our findings are based on data collected from interviews, observation of recovery meetings, and a survey of 96 flood-affected households. We show that place shapes a household's disaster recovery by structuring: (1) physical exposure to hazards; (2) which local government has jurisdiction over recovery decisions; (3) local planning culture and its approach to citizen participation; and (4) the strength of social capital networks. Our findings expand the recovery literature and show that place-level variables should be taken into consideration when conceptualizing household recovery and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines chronological methods for reoccupied archaeological sites with surface arrangements of stone features in the alpine tundra. It is challenging to interpret feature dates in the tundra due to sample scarcity and poor context. I use a case study from a communal hunting site in the Rocky Mountains of North America to argue that archaeologists should use multiple dating methods to disentangle complex site formation histories. The High Grade (5BL148) game drive is located in Colorado's Southern Rocky Mountains and includes 30 stone walls, 52 hunting blind pits, and a short line of cairns. Dating results suggest occupations from 4650 b.c.–a.d. 1850, based on artifact typologies, radiocarbon dates on charcoal and bone collagen, and lichenometric dates on stone walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several recent critiques of Western, science-based, technological society call for a shift away from the present paradigm of reductionism to one of holism. One manifestation of this would be the development of a new kind of science which is non-interventionist, non-manipulative, and much more environmentally aware The object of Part I of this paper is to assess the development of Environmental Science over the last twenty years, in order to test how far it fulfills the above role Environmental Science is therefore considered in the wider context of Environmentalism, and its relationship to this larger social movement is examined. As presently constituted, most U. K. Environmental Science/Studies courses are part of what O'Riordan calls Technocentrisrn, a brand of Environmentalism which subscribes to concepts of rationality, management and control. As such it can be characterised as part of the environmentalism of the present social paradigm. Part 2 of this paper, which explores the nature of (Environmental) Science in a possible future social paradigm, will appear in a future issue of this Journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About 24% of people living with HIV nationally are identified as needing treatment for alcohol or illicit drug use. Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) has evolved as a strategy to assess and intervene with substance abuse behaviors in various clinical settings. However, less is known about the processes and outcomes of using the SBIRT intervention in outpatient HIV clinics. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of de-identified existing SBIRT results data from an outpatient HIV clinic located in western Colorado. From 2008 to 2013, a total of 1616 SBIRT evaluations were done, which included duplicate patients because some individual patients were screened more than once in a given year. Over this time period, 37–49% of encounters per year were notable for tobacco use, 8–21% for alcohol use, 6–16% for marijuana use, 3–9% for amphetamine use, and 0–2% for illicit opioid use. Unique, unduplicated patient data from 2013 revealed 40% of patients used tobacco, 16% used alcohol, and 11% used methamphetamine. Analyses highlighted that the majority of our patient population (58% in 2013) used and/or abused tobacco, alcohol, and/or illicit substances. An alarming finding was the increase in methamphetamine use over time with more than 50-fold prevalence of use in our population compared to national rates. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines predictors of cancer-specific distress among posttreatment adult leukemia and lymphoma survivors (LLS). Using a survey mailed to LLS in the Colorado Central Cancer Registry (N = 477), the authors developed a multivariable risk profile for distress. Thirty one percent of LLS reported indicators of distress. Significantly higher distress was associated with younger age (p < 0.001) in bivariate analyses. The risk profile included fear of recurrence, financial burden, and younger age. Distress did not attenuate based on time since treatment completion and may persist up to 4 years posttreatment, suggesting a need for intervention, particularly among high-risk LLS. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

While many social theories and concepts have been used within the sustainable tourism literature to identify key elements, stakeholders, and relationships that are central to sustainable tourism development and the tourism–community relationship, there has been limited use of the social capital concept for examining the sociocultural dimension of sustainability, despite its growing appeal within the social sciences as an analytical tool. Based on ethnographic case study research within the mountain resort community of Steamboat Springs, Colorado, this paper adopts social capital as a heuristic device for examining tourism development's sociocultural sustainability. It explains the foundations of the social capital concept with networks, norms, and resources as key components, and the existence of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital. Findings suggest that mountain resort tourism has affected such social capital outcomes and sociocultural sustainability indicators as quality of life, community participation, and the associated notions of democracy, equity, and empowerment, in both positive and negative ways, leading to a spirit of community cooperation, friendliness, grass-roots initiatives and community action group development running alongside social exclusion, transience, and political powerlessness. These findings give empirical weight to using social capital as a guiding construct for the qualitative examination of socioculturally sustainable tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Student attitudes play an important role in shaping learning experiences. However, few validated instruments exist for measuring student attitude development in a discipline-specific way. In this paper, we present the design, development, and validation of the computing attitudes survey (CAS). The CAS is an extension of the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey and measures novice to expert attitude shifts about the nature of knowledge and problem solving in computer science. Factor analysis with a large, multi-institutional data-set identified and confirmed five subscales on the CAS related to different facets of attitudes measured on the survey. We then used the CAS in a pre–post format to demonstrate its usefulness in studying attitude shifts during CS1 courses and its responsiveness to varying instructional conditions. The most recent version of the CAS is provided in its entirety along with a discussion of the conditions under which its validity has been demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Examines the library/faculty collaboration for online course development for distance education programs at the Regis University library in Denver, Colorado. History of the distance education program at Regis; Challenges faced by the library; Library services offered.

Arizona State University is the largest public university in the United States with an enrollment of 70,440 in 2010. ASU's online offerings are also expanding rapidly with a target of 30,000 students by 2020. In one program, growth and transformation from hybrid to 100% online demanded scalability to handle large enrollments. Thus an instructional designer joined the faculty/librarian team to facilitate the creation of brief, scenario-based modules that were embedded in an online course and assessed within the course management system. The instructional designer assisted in removing many of the traditional barriers associated with embedded librarianship by helping the team record and edit the modules, inserting them into the courseware, and linking module quizzes to the course gradebook. This paper describes the barriers for librarians in providing online instruction and highlights how the team roles, processes, and outcomes removed the traditional barriers and resulted in successful, embedded, and reusable modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: Retail business development is a broad goal for both private business interests as well as local policymakers, yet the goal of retail opportunities for local residents themselves is often seen as secondary. This paper considers the argument that retail opportunities and sense of community are in fact linked in important ways, links that reinforce the social fabric of a community and/or neighborhood. The paper first briefly reviews the inherent linkages between retail shopping and local development patterns, and then considers the sense of community in the context of Garfield County in western Colorado. Based on the key questions derived from this background, we formally test the inter-relationship between local retail spending and sense of community from detailed survey data, then more broadly consider the factors that critically shape a locality''s “sense of community.” These findings shape several important policy implications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

History of mathematics courses based on original source materials are becoming increasingly common. However, are they more suitable for particular types of students? Here we compare two such upper-level courses, with a similar structure and using the same textbook, taken by liberal arts students at Colorado College and mathematics specialists at Oxford University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]