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Obtaining 3D coordinates of fire by binocular vision is beneficial for intelligent fire extinguishing. However, binocular vision technology has a small field of view (FOV) for long-distance targets, which results in the fire not appearing in the FOV of binocular cameras. To solve this problem, an automatic fire alignment system with monocular and binocular cameras is constructed, and an alignment control method, including a one-time alignment method and visual servo is proposed. First, the one-time alignment method based on the monocular camera is designed to solve the problem of time. The alignment angle independent of depth information ensures that the binocular camera can reach the vicinity of the fire in a short time with only a single camera. Then, image-based visual servo (IBVS) methods based on a monobinocular vision system are designed to improve the alignment precision of the binocular camera, and a logic controller is designed for automatically switching the vision servo control method based on different cameras. Finally, experiments are designed to compare the proposed method with other methods. Results demonstrate that the method in this paper is better than other methods in terms of both time and accuracy and contributes to improving the efficiency of fire extinguishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a form of posttranscriptional modification that plays important roles in cancer including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Most studies to date have focused on a limited number of regulators and oncogenic pathways, thus failing to provide comprehensive insight into the dynamic effects of m6A modification. In addition, the role of m6A modification in shaping immune cell infiltration in OSCC has yet to be clarified. This study was designed to assess m6A modification dynamics in OSCC and to understand how such modifications influence clinical immunotherapeutic treatment outcomes. m6A modification patterns linked with 23 m6A regulators were analyzed in 437 OSCC patients from TCGA and GEO cohorts. These patterns were then quantified through m6A score based on algorithms derived from a principal component analysis (PCA) approach. The m6A modification patterns of OSCC samples were grouped into two clusters based on the m6A regulators expression, and immune cell infiltration was linked with the 5-year survival outcomes of patients in these clusters. 1575 genes associated with OSCC patient prognosis were identified and used to re-cluster these samples into two groups. Patients in clusters exhibiting higher levels of m6A regulator expression exhibited poorer overall survival (OS), whereas patients with high m6A scores survived for longer (p < 0.001). The overall mortality rates in the groups of patients with low and high m6A scores were 55% and 40%, respectively, and the m6A score distributions in clusters of patients grouped by m6A modification patterns and gene expression further supported the link between a high m6A score and better prognostic outcomes. Immunophenoscore (IPS) values for patients in different m6A score groups suggested that the use of PD-1-specific antibodies or CTLA-4 inhibitors alone or in combination would yield superior treatment outcomes in patients in the high-m6A score group relative to the low-m6A score group. m6A modification patterns are relevant to heterogeneity in OSCC. Detailed analyses of m6A modification patterns may thus offer novel insight regarding immune cell infiltration within the OSCC tumor microenvironment, guiding novel efforts to provide patients with more effective immunotherapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are an important social pollinator, crucial in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity. The haploid-diploid sex determination system determines their sexes where males are haploids formed from unfertilized eggs while females are diploids formed from fertilized eggs. To better understand the gonad differentiation mechanism in honey bees, here the transcriptome difference between the honey bee ovary and testis were analyzed using the Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 4380 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 2255 up-regulated and 2125 down-regulated in the ovary compared to the testis. Among these, many candidate DEGs related to sex determination, spermatogenesis, and oogenesis were identified, such as csd, fem, and dsx. Moreover, 3092 differentially expressed alternative splicing events (ASEs) related to 1497 genes, such as tra2, ovo, and squid, were identified between the ovary and testis. The findings of this study provide valuable information on gene expression for understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of gonad differentiation and gametogenesis in A. mellifera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two synthetic projects were designed to prepare AgxAuy/Fe3O4 composite microspheres and nanoparticles via one-step hydrothermal method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by using XRD, XPS, TEM and SEM techniques, respectively. The AgxAuy/Fe3O4 composite microspheres had the uniform size with 110 nm or so. The size of AgxAuy/Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles was not uniform and Ag and Au nanoparticles were dispersed in Fe3O4. The AgxAuy/Fe3O4 composite microspheres and nanoparticles were modified on glassy carbon electrodes and their electrocatalytic performances for p-nitrophenol reduction in a base medium were investigated. The results show that Fe3O4 microspheres and nanoparticles mingled with Au showed higher electrocatalytic activity than the pure Fe3O4. As Fe3O4 was loaded with Ag and Au, the electrocatalytic activity of AgxAuy/Fe3O4 composite microspheres increased first then decreased with increasing Ag content, but the activity of AgxAuy/Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles increased with increasing Ag content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor for the increased risk of death in patients with sepsis. In the current study, we first investigated the expression of circMTO1 in sepsis-induced AKI, and the underlying mechanism was further elucidated. The results showed that circMTO1 expression level was significantly decreased in serums and kidney tissues of US rats and RMCs treated with LPS. Besides, circMTO1 overexpression promoted cell viability, suppressed cell apoptosis and cytokines production of LPS-treated RMCs. Bioinformatics analysis showed that circMTO1 served as a sponge for miR-337. Furthermore, circMTO1 could inhibit the expression of KLF6. Altogether, our study first reported that circMTO1 expression was decreased in sepsis-induced AKI rat models and RMCs treated with LPS. CircMTO1 overexpression could attenuate AKI development by sponging miR-337 and regulating KLF6 expression, which may provide new ideas for evaluation the pathogenesis and the treatment of sepsis-induced AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precursors of NiCo2O4 and Ag/NiCo2O4 composite nanosheets with different Ag contents were prepared via a hydrothermal procedure. The final NiCo2O4 and Ag/NiCo2O4 quasi-hexagonal nanosheets with different Ag contents were prepared by calcining each precursor. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of the resultant samples was investigated with assistance of H2O2 under irradiation of visible light by using p-nitrophenol and methyl blue as pollutant target, respectively. The results revealed that the photocatalytic activity of Ag/NiCo2O4 nanosheets increased with increasing Ag content from 0 to 5%, and the Ag/NiCo2O4 composite with 4 and 5% all exhibited higher catalytic activity for degrading p-nitrophenol and methyl blue, respectively. The antibacterial activity of NiCo2O4 and composite Ag/NiCo2O4 nanosheets to several common gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was examined. The results demonstrated that the Ag/NiCo2O4 composites displayed excellent activity even with a low Ag content, but NiCo2O4 exhibited weak antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) may be a potential strategy for traumatic brain injury treatment (TBI) due to their intrinsic advantages, such as cell replacement, secretion of neurotrophins and formation of functional synapses with host. However the underlying effects of transplanted NSCs on host micro-environment still need to be further elucidated. In this manuscript the effects of NSCs on release of neurotransmitter, survival of hippocampal neurons, reactivity of astrocytes and recovery of cognitive function after TBI were observed. The NSCs were isolated from cortex of neonatal Sprague–Dawley rat and then transplanted into injured brain regions caused by free-weight drop. The proliferation of astrocytes around injured sites were examined by GFAP immunofluorescent staining on 3, 7, 14 days after injury. The survival of neurons at CA1 regions of hippocampus toward contused regions was observed by HE staining on 3 and 14 days post-injury. The content of glutamic acid (Glu) and GABA in hippocampal tissues was examined on 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after injury by ELISA. On third day post-injury, hippocampal-dependent spatial memory was measured for 5 days without intermittent. NSCs in culture have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into different phenotypes of neural cells. After transplantation of NSCs, the proliferation of astrocytes around injured site was significantly inhibited compared to the injured group. At the same time the survival of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region were much more than those in injured group on 14 days post-injury. Meanwhile, the cognitive functions in NSC transplanted group was remarkably improved compared with injured group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, NSCs transplantation dramatically inhibited the release of Glu and maintained the content of GABA in injured hippocampal tissues on 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days post-injury, which was of difference in statistics (p < 0.05). NSCs transplantation can effectively alleviate the formation of glial scar, enhance the survival of hippocampal neurons and improve cognitive function defects in rats with TBI. The underlying mechanism may be related to their effects on inhibiting the release of Glu and maintaining the content of GABA, so as to down-regulate excitotoxicity of neurotransmitter and improve the micro-environment in injured sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complex of copper perchlorate coordinated with imidazole Cu(CNH)(ClO) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The complex is centrosymmetric in the monoclinic P2(1)/ c space group. The low-temperature molar heat capacities and thermodynamic properties of the complex were studied with adiabatic calorimetry (AC). The thermodynamic functions [ H - H ] and [ S - S ] were derived in the temperature range from 80 to 370 K with temperature interval of 5 K. Thermal decomposition behavior of the complex in nitrogen atmosphere was studied by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanism of the decomposition was deduced to be the breaking up the two Cl-O bonds of the Cl-O-Cu and the Cu-N bonds of the imidazole rings in succession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A heptanuclear trigonal prismatic polyhedron, [EuCu(μ-OH)(Gly)Im](ClO)·3HO, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The complex crystallize is the rhombohedral R3 space group ( a = b = 15.8673 Å, c = 23.4038 Å, V = 5103.0(6) Å, Z = 3). In the clusters, Eu ions are situated in the center of a prism formed by six copper atoms and coordinate to nine oxygen atoms with a tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination polyhedron. Six glycinato ligands and six imidazole terminal ligands (each coordinates to one Cu) were used in the construction of the cluster. The low-temperature molar heat capacity, C, and thermodynamic properties of the complex were studied with an adiabatic calorimeter from 80 to 370 K. The thermodynamic functions [ H- H] and [ S- S] were derived in the temperature range from 80 to 370 K with a temperature interval of 5 K. The thermal properties of the complex from 300 to 800 K were studied by DSC and TG in nitrogen atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have received significant environmental concern because of their potential toxicity to humans and wildlife worldwide. The photodegradation debromination of deca-BDE (BDE209) in the tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent in the presence of furan is explored using the time-dependent density functional theory combined with the polarizable continuum model. Our calculations reveal that the lone pair–π interaction between BDE209, and THF has a significant effect on the low-lying excitation and reduces the binding energies of C–Br bonds to some extent, which accounts for the photodegradation via the πBDE209σ* excited state and explains experiment successfully. We find that the addition of a small quantity of furan can promote the photodegradation of BDE209 in THF effectively and this is attributed to the π-stacking interaction between BDE209 and furan, which plays an important role in the low-lying π → σ* transitions in the sunlight region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sheet-like precursors of Co 3O 4 and Ag/Co 3O 4 composites with different Ag contents were synthesized with assistance of triethylamine via a hydrothermal process. The final samples were fabricated by calcing each precursor at 400 °C. The as-prepared samples were identified and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The Co 3O 4 and Ag/Co 3O 4 composite samples were used as electrocatalysts modified on a glassy carbon electrode for p-nitrophenol reduction in a basic solution. The electrocatalytic results indicated that all the samples showed enhanced electrocatalytic performance for p-nitrophenol by comparing a bare glass carbon electrode, and p-nitrophenol could be reduced by Co 3O 4 at a high peak current but a rather higher peak potential but be reduced effectively by Ag/Co 3O 4 composites at lower potential. Ag/Co 3O 4 composites with 4 % Ag displayed the highest electrocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social attitudes towards sexual activity of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are historically negative, though they are now improving. However, marriage and procreation are distinctly common for women with ID in rural China. Based on ethnographic research in a village in North China, this article explores the social aspects of sexuality and marriage for women with ID through three cases. The socioeconomic context of rural society makes marriage for women with ID possible primarily because of their female body and biological attributes of reproduction. Being socially constructed as the embodiment of reproduction, women with ID lose their autonomy and face multiple risks in their experience of sexuality and marriage. Starting from the social constructionist view on intellectual disability, this article also highlights the importance of integrating social aspects in further research on sexuality, marriage and other issues around people with ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) combined with osteopontin (OPN) on the protein expression levels and growth of neuronal axons and its possible mechanism. In this study, IGF-1 combined with OPN promoted neuronal axon growth through the IGF-1R/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in lipid rafts, and the effect was better than that of either agent alone. This effect was suppressed when given the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin or the lipid raft cholesterol extraction agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD). Rapamycin could inhibit the expression of phosphorylated ribosomal S6 protein (p-S6) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and limit axon growth. In addition to the above effects, M-β-CD significantly downregulated the expression of phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (p-IR). To further investigate the changes in lipid rafts when stimulated by different recombinant proteins, membrane lipid rafts were isolated to observe the changes by western blot. The expression levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IR) and P-IR in the IGF-1 combined with OPN group were the highest. When M-β-CD was administered to the lipid rafts of neurons, the enrichment of IR by IGF-1 combined with OPN was weakened, and the p-IR was decreased. Our study found that IGF-1 combined with OPN could promote axon growth by activating the IGF-1R/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in neuronal lipid rafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is a major healthcare problem worldwide, particularly in the elderly population. Despite limited research on the development of prediction models for mortality in elderly individuals with ischemic stroke, our study aimed to address this knowledge gap. By leveraging data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database, we collected comprehensive raw data pertaining to elderly patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Through meticulous screening of clinical variables associated with 28-day mortality, we successfully established a robust nomogram. To assess the performance and clinical utility of our nomogram, various statistical analyses were conducted, including the concordance index, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), net reclassification index (NRI), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). Our study comprised a total of 1259 individuals, who were further divided into training (n = 894) and validation (n = 365) cohorts. By identifying several common clinical features, we developed a nomogram that exhibited a concordance index of 0.809 in the training dataset. Notably, our findings demonstrated positive improvements in predictive performance through the IDI and NRI analyses in both cohorts. Furthermore, calibration curves indicated favorable agreement between the predicted and actual incidence of mortality (P > 0.05). DCA curves highlighted the substantial net clinical benefit of our nomogram compared to existing scoring systems used in routine clinical practice. In conclusion, our study successfully constructed and validated a prognostic nomogram, which enables accurate short-term mortality prediction in elderly individuals with ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) has become one of the most promising technologies in metal additive manufacturing (MAM). In the forming process of L-PBF, due to laser beam and metal powder characteristics, soot will be generated, reducing the forming quality and lifetime of lasers. The traditional movement track of the wind field inside the forming warehouse shows an apparent vortex. Vortex led to the chaos of soot and other impurities inside the forming warehouse, which seriously affected the forming quality for L-PBF. The forming mechanism of soot was invested and obtained: liquid metal vaporized and splashed, which formed soot after cooling. Besides, due to too high temperature (local temperature of SS316L reached up to 3509.73 K), the powder was directly burned to form soot. This study designed an optimized wind field circulating structure in L-PBF, and CFD obtained a parabolic wind circulating track. To verify the reliability of the optimized wind field circulating structure, we used a metal 3D printer to fabricate experimental samples of SS316L. The results show that an optimized parabolic circulating track could seriously decrease soot on the surface of samples, and internal impurities of samples decreased. Accordingly, crack defects caused by impurities were reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hydrous complex of erbium coordinated with glycine sodium perchloric acid, Er( μ -Gly)(HO)·Na(ClO)(HO)·4HO (Gly = glycine), was synthesized firstly and characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The complex crystallizes centrosymmetrically in the triclinic P-1 space group [ a = 9.2959 (5), b = 12.1756 (7) Å, c = 13.9928 (7) Å, V = 1367.67 (13) Å, Z = 1]. The low-temperature molar heat capacities and thermodynamic properties of the complex were studied with adiabatic calorimetry. The thermodynamic functions, [ H - H ] and [ S - S ], were derived in the temperature range from 80 to 370 K with a temperature interval of 5 K. Thermal decomposition behavior of the complex in nitrogen atmosphere was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Graphical Abstract: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was an introduction to the Swedish ALSrisc Study and explored the association of lifestyle and medical conditions, with risk and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).We included 265 newly diagnosed ALS patients during 2016–2022 in Stockholm and 207 ALS-free siblings and partners of the patients as controls. Information on body mass index (BMI), smoking, and history of head injuries, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension was obtained through the Euro-MOTOR questionnaire at recruitment. Patients were followed from diagnosis until death, invasive ventilation, or November 30, 2022.Higher BMI at recruitment was associated with lower risk for ALS (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.83–0.95), especially among those diagnosed after 65 years. One unit increase in the average BMI during the 3 decades before diagnosis was associated with a lower risk for ALS (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.89–0.99). Diabetes was associated with lower risk of ALS (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.16–0.90), while hypercholesterolemia was associated with higher risk of ALS (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.13–3.90). Higher BMI at diagnosis was associated with lower risk of death (HR 0.91, 95%CI 0.84–0.98), while the highest level of smoking exposure (in pack-years) (HR 1.90, 95%CI 1.20–3.00), hypercholesterolemia (HR 1.84, 95%CI 1.06–3.19), and hypertension (HR 1.76, 95%CI 1.03–3.01) were associated with higher risk of death, following ALS diagnosis.Higher BMI and diabetes were associated with lower risk of ALS. Higher BMI was associated with lower risk of death, whereas smoking (especially in high pack-years), hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension were associated with higher risk of death after ALS diagnosis.Methods: This study was an introduction to the Swedish ALSrisc Study and explored the association of lifestyle and medical conditions, with risk and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).We included 265 newly diagnosed ALS patients during 2016–2022 in Stockholm and 207 ALS-free siblings and partners of the patients as controls. Information on body mass index (BMI), smoking, and history of head injuries, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension was obtained through the Euro-MOTOR questionnaire at recruitment. Patients were followed from diagnosis until death, invasive ventilation, or November 30, 2022.Higher BMI at recruitment was associated with lower risk for ALS (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.83–0.95), especially among those diagnosed after 65 years. One unit increase in the average BMI during the 3 decades before diagnosis was associated with a lower risk for ALS (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.89–0.99). Diabetes was associated with lower risk of ALS (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.16–0.90), while hypercholesterolemia was associated with higher risk of ALS (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.13–3.90). Higher BMI at diagnosis was associated with lower risk of death (HR 0.91, 95%CI 0.84–0.98), while the highest level of smoking exposure (in pack-years) (HR 1.90, 95%CI 1.20–3.00), hypercholesterolemia (HR 1.84, 95%CI 1.06–3.19), and hypertension (HR 1.76, 95%CI 1.03–3.01) were associated with higher risk of death, following ALS diagnosis.Higher BMI and diabetes were associated with lower risk of ALS. Higher BMI was associated with lower risk of death, whereas smoking (especially in high pack-years), hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension were associated with higher risk of death after ALS diagnosis.Results: This study was an introduction to the Swedish ALSrisc Study and explored the association of lifestyle and medical conditions, with risk and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).We included 265 newly diagnosed ALS patients during 2016–2022 in Stockholm and 207 ALS-free siblings and partners of the patients as controls. Information on body mass index (BMI), smoking, and history of head injuries, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension was obtained through the Euro-MOTOR questionnaire at recruitment. Patients were followed from diagnosis until death, invasive ventilation, or November 30, 2022.Higher BMI at recruitment was associated with lower risk for ALS (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.83–0.95), especially among those diagnosed after 65 years. One unit increase in the average BMI during the 3 decades before diagnosis was associated with a lower risk for ALS (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.89–0.99). Diabetes was associated with lower risk of ALS (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.16–0.90), while hypercholesterolemia was associated with higher risk of ALS (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.13–3.90). Higher BMI at diagnosis was associated with lower risk of death (HR 0.91, 95%CI 0.84–0.98), while the highest level of smoking exposure (in pack-years) (HR 1.90, 95%CI 1.20–3.00), hypercholesterolemia (HR 1.84, 95%CI 1.06–3.19), and hypertension (HR 1.76, 95%CI 1.03–3.01) were associated with higher risk of death, following ALS diagnosis.Higher BMI and diabetes were associated with lower risk of ALS. Higher BMI was associated with lower risk of death, whereas smoking (especially in high pack-years), hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension were associated with higher risk of death after ALS diagnosis.Conclusions: This study was an introduction to the Swedish ALSrisc Study and explored the association of lifestyle and medical conditions, with risk and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).We included 265 newly diagnosed ALS patients during 2016–2022 in Stockholm and 207 ALS-free siblings and partners of the patients as controls. Information on body mass index (BMI), smoking, and history of head injuries, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension was obtained through the Euro-MOTOR questionnaire at recruitment. Patients were followed from diagnosis until death, invasive ventilation, or November 30, 2022.Higher BMI at recruitment was associated with lower risk for ALS (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.83–0.95), especially among those diagnosed after 65 years. One unit increase in the average BMI during the 3 decades before diagnosis was associated with a lower risk for ALS (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.89–0.99). Diabetes was associated with lower risk of ALS (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.16–0.90), while hypercholesterolemia was associated with higher risk of ALS (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.13–3.90). Higher BMI at diagnosis was associated with lower risk of death (HR 0.91, 95%CI 0.84–0.98), while the highest level of smoking exposure (in pack-years) (HR 1.90, 95%CI 1.20–3.00), hypercholesterolemia (HR 1.84, 95%CI 1.06–3.19), and hypertension (HR 1.76, 95%CI 1.03–3.01) were associated with higher risk of death, following ALS diagnosis.Higher BMI and diabetes were associated with lower risk of ALS. Higher BMI was associated with lower risk of death, whereas smoking (especially in high pack-years), hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension were associated with higher risk of death after ALS diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactobacillus buchneri strain WPZ001 that could efficiently produce gamma-aminobutyric acid was isolated from Chinese fermented sausages. Optimal cultivation conditions for gamma-aminobutyric acid production in L. buchneri WPZ001 were determined, and xylose was found to be the best carbon source. Using xylose as the sole carbon source, 70 g/L gamma-aminobutyric acid was produced by flask fermentation of L. buchneri WPZ001 for 48 h, and the harvested cells could continue to convert monosodium glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid in buffer and produce 59 g gamma-aminobutyric acid after eight runs of biotransformation; the total yield of gamma-aminobutyric acid reached 129 g/L. This combination strategy also worked well when the low-cost corncob hydrolysate was used as the sole carbon source, and the yield of gamma-aminobutyric acid reached 117 g/L. The results indicate that L. buchneri WPZ001 has great potential for industrial production of gamma-aminobutyric acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change detection (CD) is one of the most important application in remote sensing domain. The difference image (DI) generated by traditional change detection methods are sensitive to several factors, such as atmospheric condition changes, illumination variations, sensor calibration, and speckle noise, greatly affecting the detection performance. To avoid the aforementioned problem, in this paper, a novel approach based on superpixel segmentation and image regression is proposed to detect changes between bitemporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Specifically, the bitemporal images are firstly divided into a number of superpixel pairs under the guidance of segmentation result of a pre-DI. Next, each pixel in pre-event image is reconstructed utilizing its nearest neighbor to reduce the influence of noise. Then, a set of preselected unchanged sample are selected to learn the local regression model and to estimate the post-event image. After that, the final DI can be obtained by measuring the difference between estimated post-event image and the actual one. Finally, the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is adopted to generate the binary change map. Adequate experiments on four SAR datasets have been tested, and the experimental results compared with the state-of-the-art methods have proved the superiority of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]