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Focuses on the views of philosopher Charles Peirce regarding the theory of probability. Distinction between probable and demonstrative inferences; Incompatibility of egoism with the use of probability; Need to demonstrate that the egoist is trapped in an irresolvable dilemma.

Analyzes the writings of John Dewey about philosopher Socrates. Significance of the role of Greek thought in the core of the classical tradition in philosophy; Concept of philosophy as described by Dewey; Analysis of Dewey's attitude toward Socrates; Discussion on Dewey's Socratic understanding of the nature of philosophy.

Examines the claims of philosopher Charles S. Peirce about absolute truth. Views of other philosophers on absolute truth; Relation of truth with logic and rationality; Implication of the law of non-contradiction for absolute truth.

Discusses the theory of ethics of philosopher Ralph Barton Perry. Comparison between the theory of value and theory of morality; Similarity of the moral theory to ethical non-naturalism; Use of formal inclusiveness principle in the theory of Perry.

Discusses philosopher Charles Peirce's theory of truth. Role of his theory on the development of his philosophies; Details of his concept of truth in 1868; Changes in his theory in 1870.

Discusses the relation between language and poetry. Application of the theory of signs of philosopher Charles Peirce to linguistics and poetics; Information on the linguistic implementation of poetic function; Relation between diacritic signs and the implementation of rules for the examination of poetic function.

Presents comments on an article of philosopher H.S. Thayer regarding the theory of truth by philosopher William James. Distinction between cognitive and pragmatic truths; Use of set theory notation; Mixture of truths about past and present actualities and truths about future actualities.

Presents a reply to a comment regarding an article on the theory of truth of philosopher William James. Difficulty in determining the nature of the variations in the procedures and changes in the development of the theory; Distinct senses of truth which form the substance of the theory; Notions of significance, usefulness and verification in the idea of pragmatic truth.

Examines some aspects in William James's essay 'The Will to Believe.' Comparison of James's philosophy from W.K. Clifford; Examples of the intellectually undecidable genuine option; Philosophy of James on faith.

Explores some aspects in the works of philosopher Alfred Henry Lloyd. Reasons why Lloyd remained unnoticed; Influences in his philosophical activities; Details of his works on metaphysics.

Examines some aspects in William James's theory of reference. Arguments on James's notion of working; Features of his theory of reference; Discussion of the second term of James's correspondence theory.

Focuses on philosopher John Dewey's characterization of experience as qualitative in his metaphysics of experience. Criticisms on the views of Dewey on experience; Information on the philosophical sources of Dewey; Relation between the type of quality which is characteristic of experiential transactions.

Examines the theory of categories and its development as related to the discoveries in logic of philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce. Characteristics of knowledge that can be proven true of all possible knowledge; Dependence of all knowledge upon logic; Possible dependence of thought upon formal logic.

Compares the methodologies of philosophers Charles S. Peirce and William S. Jevons in topics such as induction, deduction and fallibilism. Mathematics, philosophy and idioscopy as the general branches of knowledge; Evolutionary standpoint of Peirce concerning the historical character of scientific inquiry; Overview of the theory of abduction.

Provides information on the pragmatic position and structure of experience by philosopher William James. Interpretations of experience as either malleable or as already structured; Interconnection of postulates about experience with the theory of relations; Effect of the physical universe on the conceptual objects.

Focuses on the history of philosophy. Description of the guiding assumptions of philosophy; Information on several philosophers, including John Stuart Mill and Charles Peirce; Distinction between philosophy and psychology.

Examines the philosophical thoughts of philosophers Josiah Royce and Edmund Husserl from the perspective of phenomenology. Descriptive account of consciousness offered by Husserl; Views of Royce on consciousness and attention; Argument of Royce about the self.

Characterizes pragmatism of philosopher Charles S. Peirce. Origin of the pragmatic maxim; Discussion on Peirce's pragmatism as a theory of meaning; Explanation of the pragmatic maxim; Claims about the theory of thought-signs.

Highlights views by philosopher Charles S. Peirce on infinitesimals. Characteristics of the infinitesimal calculus; Criticism from Josiah Royce against Peirce regarding infinitesimals; Cause of the legitimization of the infinitesimals.

Interviews Velian, a philosopher, about Charles S. Peirce's anticipation of the semantic notion of truth. Views on semantics; Intention of Peirce in using the terms designated and signified; Peirce's consideration of truth as pertaining to sentences of other forms.

Provides information on the fundamental structural categories of systematic philosophical thinking of philosopher Charles S. Peirce. Systematic arrangement of the results of the sciences of discovery; Overview of the philosophy of mathematics as the construction and observation of imaginary objects; Observation of the kinds of elements present in all phenomena.

Focuses on the first property of the theory of belief of philosopher Charles Peirce. Establishment of a rule of action in nature; Notion of belief that it is not a momentary mode of consciousness; Object of awareness to be the proposition and not the fact that it is believed.

Focuses on the concept of an individual by philosopher Charles Peirce. Overview of the concept of an atomic individual; Distinction between subject and predicate, indicator of individuals referred to and what is asserted of those individuals; Nature of individuals which a subject term indicates.

Investigates the claim that the theory of instinct of philosopher Charles Peirce as non-Cartesian. Application of the theory to the Cartesian theory of intuition; Reasons behind the objections of Peirce to Cartesianism; Relation of intuition to the inferential process.

Focuses on the philosophy of C. I. Lewis which reflects the general thesis of pragmatic naturalism and its attendant psycho-biological model of inquiry. Information on the ethical theory of Lewis; Key notion of a practical reason; Characterization of Lewis.

Discusses the philosophical system regarding the concept of the psyche of philosopher George Santayana. Development of the different species of animate life; Overview of the animating principle of matter as a specific seed or kernel in matter which he terms the psyche; Interrelations of the different meanings of psyche and their implications.

Proposes a theory of dyadic relations for the history of logic of philosopher Augustus De Morgan. Use of formal laws of relation for the treatment of the syllogism; Notion of the ordinary logical sum of two relations; Overview of the notions of relative product, relative progressive involution and relative regression involution.

Discusses the relation between pragmatism and American pietism. Comparison between the cultural and intellectual origins of pragmatism; Characteristics of American pietism; Views of philosopher John Dewey on pietism.

Discusses the theory of signs of philosopher Charles Peirce. Information on the book 'Peirce's Concept of Sign,' by Douglas Greenlee; Technique used by Peirce in the development of his theory of signs; Details on the various divisions of signs according to Peirce.

Discusses the views of philosopher William James on the theory of self. Background of the criterion of selfhood; Details of James's account of the consciousness of self; Claims of James regarding the historical origin of the self.

Discusses the views of philosopher Charles Peirce on pre-perceptual cognition. Analysis of Peirce's concept of sensation; Correlation between sensation and the neurological processes; Relation of pre-perceptual cognitive, mental or psychical processes with the processes of sensation.

Compares the theories of philosophers Josiah Royce and George H. Mead on the nature of the self. Influence of Royce on the theory; Background on the book 'Movements of Thought in the Nineteenth Century,' by Mead; Information on the book 'The Spirit of Modern Philosophy,' by Royce.

Presents information on the book 'Peirce's Concept of Sign.' Overview of the book; Relation of philosopher Charles Peirce's views on logic and semiotic; Details of Peirce's conception of logic.

Focuses on the history of pragmatism in philosophy. Implications for philosophical researchers of pragmatism; Views of philosopher H. S. Thayer on pragmatism; Criticisms against the works of Thayer on pragmatism.

Discusses the recognition given to the works and achievements of Charles Sanders Peirce, scientist, mathematician and historian of science. Associations involved with; Reason for the decline of Peirce's reputation as scientist, mathematician, and historian of science as his reputation as a philosopher grew; Information on Peirce's study of the logic of science.

Presents the letter of philosopher Josiah Royce for 'The Boston Evening Transcript' regarding philosopher William James.

Focuses on the views of philosopher Charles Peirce on synthetic inference, published in his 1867 article 'On the Natural Classification of Arguments.' Information on the formulas of inference called formal induction and formal hypothesis; Characteristics of synthetic inference; Rules for valid induction and hypothesis.

Proposes a correction to certain misunderstandings which surround the theory of individuals by philosopher Charles Peirce. Failure of Peirce to produce the systematic philosophy for which he aimed; Notion that universals are contracted to the mode of individuality in singulars; Theory of knowledge if it is correct to interpret as either denying the existence of individuals or minimizing their importance.

Focuses on the principle of tolerance and physicalism according to philosopher Rudolf Carnap. Influence of Carnap on the field of philosophy in the U.S.; Discussion on the concept of anti-metaphysical tough-mindedness; Overview of his book 'Logische Syntax der Sprache.'

Focuses on the view of philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell on the mathematical problem in the paradox of Achilles and the Tortoise. Computational formula for the problem; Principles of mathematics relevant to the paradox; Application of the theory of infinite collections in analyzing the problem.

Focuses on the relation between scientist-philosopher Charles Peirce and quantum mechanics. Basic ideas of quantum mechanics; Interplay of continuous and discrete aspects of nature.

The article focuses on the role of philosophers Horace M. Kallen and John Dewey in Jewish Education in the U.S. Kallen was a philosopher and educator who became known in his work about the theory of cultural pluralism. Dewey has become his collaborator in promoting Jewish education in the country. Kallen and Dewey has become friends since their first meeting of the American Philosophical Association in Cambridge in 1905. The two philosophers have shared political outlook and collaborated in different philosophical and political issues. The cultural pluralism in the country has succeeded which it was advanced by Kallen and was accepted in principle by Jewish survivalists.

The article proposes a sociological mapping and an intended approach to the writings of the German literacy and cultural critic Walter Benjamin. The approach necessitates an analysis that utilizes the understanding of philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre of the dialectics of milieu and situation in order to render a critical reconstitution of Benjamin's thinking. The explicit impact of Jewish theology on Benjamin's thought provided an epistemological tension in practically all of Benjamin's writings. Benjamin has sought to rescue the lived-experience of history and culture from an overdetermined and passive phenomenology.

The article focuses on Benjamin Disraeli's involvement in the struggle for Jewish emancipation and his attitude to Judaism and Jews. The author discusses the impact of the Jewish Question on Disraeli's public profile. Disraeli's advocacy of Jewish Emancipation was distinguished by the grounds on which it was based. Jewish Emancipation was not merely a question of religious liberty and the Jewish claim was not based on the idea of equality before the law. It also provides information about the response of Jews to Disraeli's expression of support.

The article focuses on the factors contributing to the return of the Jewish philosophy of Maimonideanism. The author discusses the stabilization of the process of secularization which begun with Spinoza, while showing no signs of abating, had evidently stabilized, and it now seems that religion, though battered and crippled, is not doomed. They have also mentioned the changes in the attitudes of contemporary philosophers to the approach of early thinkers. They also provide information about the impact of Zionism on Maimonideanism and the historical background of Maimonides.

The article analyzes philosopher Morris Raphael Cohen's Judaic value judgments. The author offers information on the ways in which Cohen lived his philosophy of Judaism. They have also provided an overview of Cohen's most frequently reprinted essay "The Dark Side of Religion," which condemns religious fanaticism and recalls how often deeds of violence and cruelty are considered virtues when committed in the name of religion. Cohen also points out the intimate connection between religion and supernaturalism, and the passionate attachment to the old ways which every religion intensifies, cannot but strengthen superstition and hinder the progress of science towards the attainment of new truth as to human affairs.

The article focuses on a short study of philosopher Morris Raphael Cohen's application of his metaphysics to his philosophy of law. Cohen has lived to become a sage, a humanitarian, a great teacher and an extraordinarily gifted and influential philosopher of science, civilization and law. He was a sage because he knew the limitations of wisdom and the bitterness and resignation attendant upon a life obedient to the reasoned dictates of wisdom. The search for a humane approach found in Cohen's writings on law and social order which is apparent throughout his work.

Argues that the experiments performed by David Dearmont with computer simulations do not at all test the hypothesis of absolute chance made by philosopher Charles S. Peirce. Vagaries of tychism; Comparison between mathematical chance and absolute chance; Ways in which the notion of absolute chance could be explicated.

Discusses the contributions of philosopher Mitchell Franklin to the creation of the U.S. Constitution. Career background; Details on the civil reform proposals of Franklin; Features of the U.S. Constitution.

Looks at the collaboration between philosophers John Dewey and Arthur F. Bentley. Philosophical background of Bentley; Effect of the relationship of Dewey and Bentley on their career; Charges made by Thelma Z. Lavine against Bentley; Evidence of the authenticity of the collaboration between Dewey and Bentley in making the book 'Knowing and the Known.'