1,089 results on '"THERMAL properties"'
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2. Evaluation of physical, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites filled with bio-fiber derived from Bambara nut shell filler
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Ogah, Anselm Ogah, Archibong, Friday Nwankwo, Allen, Maureen Awele, Nlemedim, Peace Ugochinyerem, Ime, Jacob Ukeme, Chima, Melford Onyemaechi, and Igberi, Christiana Ogonna
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- 2024
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3. Effects of volume fraction of short-cut quartz fibers on mechanical and thermal properties of SiO2f/SiO2 composites
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Ding, Donghai, Ding, Wangjiao, Jiao, Jiexin, Liu, Shaonan, Jin, Endong, Xiao, Guoqing, Zhang, Li, Lei, Changkun, Feng, Chunzhuo, and Li, Yanjun
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- 2024
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4. Recent Progress in Enhanced Optical, Mechanical, Thermal Properties, and Antibacterial Activity of the Chitosan/Polyvinylalcohol/Co3O4 Nanocomposites for Optoelectronics and Biological Applications
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Alhussain, Hanan, Alghamdi, Azzah M., Elamin, Nuha Y., and Rajeh, A.
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- 2024
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5. A review on the multi-scaled structures and mechanical/thermal properties of tool steels fabricated by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
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Zong, Huajing, Kang, Nan, Qin, Zehao, and El Mansori, Mohamed
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- 2024
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6. Mechanical and thermal properties of non-structural adhesive mortar using linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) aggregate substitution with vinyl acetate/ethylene (VAE) interface
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Hendriko, Albert, Juwono, Ariadne Lakshmidevi, Budiman, Ismail, Subyakto, Soegijono, Bambang, Sadir, Muhammad, Sudarmanto, Purnomo, Deni, Narto, Akbar, Fazhar, Setyolisdianto, Jeremy Ariandi, and Kristianto, Marco Amadeus
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- 2024
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7. Mechanical and thermal properties of hybrid date palm/sea purslane reinforced hybrid epoxy composites for automotive applications
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Dehury, Janaki, Nayak, Subhakanta, and Mohanty, Jyoti Ranjan
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- 2024
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8. Influence of Copper Addition on Microstructure, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Al–12.6%Zn–Mg Alloys
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Patel, Nikunj, Manani, Sunil, and Pradhan, Ajaya Kumar
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- 2024
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9. Mechanical and thermal properties for corrosion products of lutetium silicates against CMAS.
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Yang, Fan, Fan, Yun, Zhao, Juanli, Liu, Yuchen, Chu, Kaili, Li, Yiran, Li, Wenxian, and Liu, Bin
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THERMAL properties , *LUTETIUM , *THERMAL barrier coatings , *SILICATES , *THERMAL conductivity , *RARE earth metal alloys , *RARE earth oxides - Abstract
Rare earth silicates are promising environmental/thermal barrier coating (E/TBC) materials facing severe CMAS (CaO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2) corrosion. Previous studies mainly focused on the intrinsic properties of precorrosion coatings, but there were few studies on their CMAS corrosion products that play a crucial role in the performance of coatings in postservice stage. In this work, the mechanical and thermal properties of nine corrosion products between lutetium silicates and CMAS are studied using first‐principles calculations. Their differences of elastic stiffness are attributed to the different crystal structures and bonding strength. The T:O ratio is identified as a factor of the crystal structure for silicate products, and it has a good correlation with their elastic stiffness. Moreover, the divergences of thermal conductivity are dominated by three essential factors, that is, atomic vibration intensity, lattice vibrational anharmonicity, and complexity of crystal structure. Compared with rare earth silicates, six products, that is, the α‐CaSiO3, β‐CaSiO3, Ca2MgSi2O7, Ca2Al2SiO7, CaAl2Si2O8, and Ca2Lu8(SiO4)6O2, showing good damage tolerance and low thermal conductivities, are predicted to be advantageous to E/TBCs. These discoveries reveal the mechanical/thermal properties of corrosion products between lutetium silicates and CMAS and are expected to support the future researches on the performance of E/TBC in the postservice stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Effects of volume fraction of short-cut quartz fibers on mechanical and thermal properties of SiO2f/SiO2 composites.
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Ding, Donghai, Ding, Wangjiao, Jiao, Jiexin, Liu, Shaonan, Jin, Endong, Xiao, Guoqing, Zhang, Li, Lei, Changkun, Feng, Chunzhuo, and Li, Yanjun
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THERMAL properties , *THERMAL shock , *COMPRESSION molding , *FIBERS , *THERMAL conductivity , *THERMAL insulation , *QUARTZ - Abstract
SiO2f/SiO2 composites were prepared by compression molding and sintering using short-cut quartz fibers as reinforcement. The effects of fiber volume fraction (15%∼35%) on bulk density, apparent porosity, and mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. The results indicated that the samples with 25% fiber volume fraction had the best comprehensive performance, with an apparent porosity and compressive strength of 36% and 46.3 MPa, respectively. The flexural strength of the samples was 13.9 MPa, which represented a 90% increase compared to the samples without fibers. It was attributed to the occurrence of fiber debonding and fiber pull-out in the porous matrix. Meanwhile, the residual strength ratio of the samples after 20 thermal shocks was 74.8%. In addition, the average coefficient of thermal expansion was 0.95 × 10− 6/℃ at 300 ℃∼700 ℃ and the thermal conductivity was 0.388 W·m− 1·K− 1 at 800 °C. This approach can satisfy the requirements of low cost, fast preparation of SiO2f/SiO2 composites, which offers the prospect of its application in the integration of load-bearing and thermal insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. A new platform for designing high‐performance epoxy film adhesive with poly (butyl acrylate‐block‐styrene) block copolymer and alumina nano particles in aluminum–aluminum bonded joints: Preparation and analysis of the mechanical, adhesion, and thermal properties
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Ghaderi, Hamid, Semnani, Abolfazl, and Moini Jazani, Omid
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THERMAL properties , *EPOXY coatings , *EPOXY resins , *ADHESIVES , *ALUMINUM silicates , *ADHESIVE manufacturing , *PHENOLIC resins - Abstract
Epoxy film adhesives are typically used in different industries. However, these adhesives suffer from brittleness, low flexibility, and thermal stability problems. In this research, phenolic resin (Novolac) and poly (butyl acrylate‐block‐styrene) were used in the formulation of epoxy film adhesive (Diglycidyl ether bisphenol A) to increase thermal stability and adhesion strength and as the toughening agent, respectively. Alumina nanoparticles were also employed to enhance the mechanical properties. The influence of block copolymer and alumina nano particles was also assessed on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy‐based film adhesives. The investigation of the mechanical properties of dumbbell‐shaped samples and adhesion strength of the Al‐Al bonded joints were evaluated by tensile, lap shear, and T‐peel tests. The thermal stability of the optimal samples was assessed by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). SEM analysis was also utilized to study the toughening mechanism. Tensile test of the dumbbell‐shaped samples indicated that the incorporation of 2.5 phr block copolymer and 2 phr alumina nanoparticles enhanced the toughness to 250%. The shear and peel strengths of this sample also exhibited 51% and 76% increase, respectively, showing a remarkable synergistic effect. On the other hand, TGA results revealed that the incorporation of block copolymer improved the thermal stability of the adhesive matrix. The copresence of these two materials also showed a considerable synergistic effect on the thermal stability. The SEM results were also in line with the results of mechanical tests as the crack deviation, crack pinning, and debonding were the most important mechanisms of toughening. Highlights: A new platform was developed for designing epoxy films adhesives with high mechanical, adhesion, and thermal properties.The hybrid of butyl acrylate block styrene copolymer, phenolic resin, and alumina nanoparticles showed synergistic effects on the lap shear and T‐peel strength.The greatest improvement in toughness was related to the epoxy adhesive containing 2.5 phr block copolymer and 2 phr alumina nanoparticles.Analysis of the fracture surface showed that by using hybrid of nanoparticles and block copolymers in the epoxy film adhesive formulation, the cohesive failure occurred.The use of hybrid additives in film adhesive formulations enlightened manufacture of adhesives for future studies on adhesive formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Effect of seawater aging on mechanical, buckling, structural, and thermal properties of nano Al2O3 and TiO2‐doped glass‐epoxy nanocomposites.
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Guven, Cenap, Kisa, Murat, Demircan, Gokhan, Ozen, Mustafa, and Kirar, Ersan
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THERMAL properties , *SEAWATER , *POLYMERIC nanocomposites , *COMPOSITE structures , *FIBER-reinforced plastics , *ARTIFICIAL seawater - Abstract
Ensuring the stability of composite structures in the marine environment is crucial. The harsh and corrosive nature of marine conditions presents unique challenges, making maintenance a top priority. In this study, the impact of seawater aging on the mechanical, buckling, structural, and thermal properties of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites was investigated. Composites were produced using the VARTM method with 2% nano Al2O3 and 2% nano TiO2. Aging was conducted in a seawater environment at room temperature for 120, 240, and 360 days. Mechanical properties, including tensile, compressive, flexural, impact, and buckling tests, were performed, and water absorption was determined. Structural analysis was carried out using SEM images. The experimental results indicated that the presence of nanoparticles minimized the effect of seawater. TiO2 preserved tensile strength by 10.33%, impact energy by 6.8%, and critical buckling load by 3.06% compared to the pure composite. Al2O3 reduced water absorption to 0.594% and preserved tensile strength by 6.67%, impact energy by 4.02%, and critical buckling load by 2%. Thermal test revealed an increase in thermal conductivity with aging, with the TiO2‐doped composite exhibiting the smallest increase (14.66%). The significance of the obtained results was confirmed through ANOVA analysis. Highlights: Glass fiber‐reinforced nanocomposite was produced with nano Al2O3 and TiO2.The effect of seawater aging was investigated.It showed that TiO2 nanoparticles are a good candidate against seawater aging.The experimental results showed statistical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Effect of Compaction Pressure on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Aluminum Foams Processed through Space-Holder Technique
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Sathaiah, Sriram, Singh, Lavkesh, Gorhe, Nikhil R., Joshi, Tilak C., Pandey, Ashutosh, Venkat, A. N. Ch., Gupta, Gaurav K., Joshi, Lalit M., Saxena, Kuldeep Kumar, and Mondal, D. P.
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- 2024
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14. Ab-initio insights into the mechanical, phonon, bonding, electronic, optical and thermal properties of hexagonal W2N3 for prospective applications
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Istiak Ahmed, F. Parvin, R.S. Islam, and S.H. Naqib
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Tungsten nitride ,Density functional theory ,Mechanical properties ,Phonon dynamics ,Thermal properties ,Optoelectronic properties ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
We thoroughly investigated the structural, mechanical, electronic, vibrational, optical, thermodynamic, and a number of thermophysical properties of W2N3 compound through first-principles calculations using the DFT based formalism. The calculated structural parameters show very good agreement with the available theoretical and experimental results. The mechanical and dynamical stabilities of this compound have been investigated theoretically from the elastic constants and phonon dispersion curves. The Pugh's and Poisson's ratios of W2N3 are located quite close to the brittle/ductile borderline. W2N3 is elastically anisotropic. The calculated electronic band structure and density of states reveal that W2N3 is conducting in nature. The Fermi surface topology has also been explored. The analysis of charge density distribution map shows that W atoms have comparatively high electron density around compared to the N atoms. Presence of covalent bondings between W–N, W–W, and N–N atoms are anticipated. High melting temperature and high phonon thermal conductivity of W2N3 imply that the compound has potential to be used as a heat sink system. The optical characteristics show anisotropy. The compound can be used in optoelectronic devices due to its high absorption coefficient and low reflectivity in the visible to ultraviolet spectrum. Furthermore, the quasi-harmonic Debye model is used to examine temperature and pressure dependent thermal characteristics of W2N3 for the first time.
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- 2024
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15. Physical, morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of polyester composites reinforced with orientation of purun fiber (Eleocharis dulcis) composition
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Pardi, Sri Aprilia, Yanna Syamsuddin, Zuhra, Amri Amin, and Ika Zuwanna
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Purun fiber (Eleocharis dulcis) ,Polyester composites ,Press molding method ,Mechanical properties ,Thermal properties ,Chemical engineering ,TP155-156 - Abstract
Purun fiber (PF), which has been used as a raw material for handicrafts, can be used as a filler in composite materials. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of polyester composites with the addition of PF filler at concentrations (5, 10, and 15 %) with arrangements, namely parallel, random, and woven. In this study, the method used was the press molding method with a size of 20 × 20 × 0.3 cm. The resulting composite was analyzed for functional groups, physical properties, morphological properties, mechanical properties, and thermal properties. The functional group results of PF treatment showed a sharp absorption at wave numbers 1724–2983 cm−1, indicating the presence of C=C vibrations in the aromatic ring. For all fiber arrangements, the addition of 10 % PF resulted in the best composite structure. The results of the highest composite physical properties include density, water absorption, and thickness swelling of 0.958 g/cm−3, 10.079 %, and 24.57 × 10−3, respectively. The results of the highest composite mechanical properties are tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation, and flexural strength of 813.9519 MPa, 9345.737 MPa, 14.06 MPa, and 58.8399 MPa, respectively. While the results of the thermal properties that can be seen from the percent weight loss of the composite obtained the best results in random samples with a variation of 10 %, the effect of the PF filler ratio on composite heat flow obtained the best results, namely in samples parallel to 5 % with a temperature of 500.87 °C. It can be summarized that PF has the potential as a filler in the manufacture of composites.
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- 2024
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16. Mechanical and thermal properties of rigid PVC and graphene nanocomposites obtained by melt-mixing.
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Wilczewski, Sławomir, Skórczewska, Katarzyna, Tomaszewska, Jolanta, Lewandowski, Krzysztof, and Şentürk, Ömer Faruk
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THERMAL properties ,GRAPHENE ,NANOCOMPOSITE materials ,THERMAL stability ,IMPACT strength ,POLYVINYL chloride ,PLASTICIZERS - Abstract
Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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17. Effect of hybrid filler loading (Polyalthia longifolia seed and graphite) on the mechanical and thermal properties of vinyl ester composites.
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Manikandan, Durairaj, Sathish Gandhi, Veeramalai Chinnasamy, Kumaravelan, Radhakrishnan, and Vignesh, Venkataraman
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VINYL ester resins , *THERMAL properties , *SCANNING electron microscopes , *GRAPHITE , *HYBRID materials , *ESTERS - Abstract
This research paper focuses on the use of solid biomass waste, specifically a combination of Polyalthia longifolia seed (PLSF) and graphite (GH) powder, as reinforcements in vinyl ester (VE) composites. The composites were produced via the hand layup method, with the filler concentration varying from 0 to 15 wt% of PLSF and 0–9 wt% of graphite. The objective was to examine the influence of the hybrid filler on the mechanical characteristics of the composites. The mechanical properties of composites prepared from P. longifolia seeds and graphite powder were experimentally characterized. These properties included tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and hardness. The hybrid composite had a maximum tensile strength of 48.4 MPa, and its tensile modulus was 1.66 GPa. The hybrid filler at 15% wt% of PLSF and 6% of graphite has the highest flexural strength, which is around 148 MPa. The ultimate impact strength and hardness were measured to be 41.3 kJ/m2 and 44.5, respectively, after the addition of 15 and 6 wt% of hybrid filler. In comparison to neat vinyl ester resin, the PLSF/GH‐VE composites exhibited an increase in tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness of 2.69, 1.82, 3.03, and 1.59 times, respectively. Hybrid composite surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopes to determine surface characteristics and fractured surfaces. In addition, the PLSF/GH‐VE composites have been utilized in the production of components for four‐wheelers. Highlights: Investigated the impact of hybrid filler‐reinforced vinyl ester composites.Mechanical and thermal properties were experimentally characterized.Surface characteristics and fractured surfaces were examined.PLSF/GH‐VE composites are used in producing components for four‐wheelers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Mechanical and thermal properties of densified ZrCx (x = 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0) ceramics.
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Xiong, Meiling, Lu, Zhiyou, Yan, Shanshan, Chen, Hongmei, Tao, Xiaoma, Ouyang, Yifang, Li, Zian, and Du, Yong
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THERMAL properties , *CERAMICS , *YOUNG'S modulus , *THERMAL conductivity , *VACUUM arcs , *VICKERS hardness - Abstract
The mechanical and thermal properties of ZrC x are strongly dependent on the composition and microstructure. In the present study, densified ZrC x (x = 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0) with relative density in the range of 99.2–99.7% have been prepared by a combination of spark plasma sintering (SPS) and vacuum arc melting (VAM). Both the Young's modulus and Vickers hardness monotonically increase with increasing C/Zr ratio. The maximum Young's modulus and Vickers hardness values of 488.1 ± 13.4 GPa and 28.8 ± 1.7 GPa, respectively, for dense ZrC have been obtained. With increasing the C/Zr ratio, the thermal conductivity of ZrC x increases. The thermal conductivity ZrC ranged from 25.17 W/m/K to 43.85 W/m/K from ambient to 1200 °C. Owing to the higher density of ZrC x , the present thermal conductivities and Young's modulus of ZrC x are higher than those of the previous studies. The present results are beneficial to design and preparation of ZrC x ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Kinetic study of mechanical and thermal properties and thermal degradation of PVC composites based on coal gasification fine slag.
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Teng, Yanhua, Li, Kangli, Chen, Long, Wang, Kerui, and Xue, Changguo
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THERMAL properties , *COAL gasification , *THERMAL stability , *FLEXURAL modulus , *FLEXURAL strength , *IMPACT strength , *SLAG , *PLASTICIZERS - Abstract
Coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) is a by-product of gasification process of gasification beds that pollutes the environment. To make the utilization of CGF more efficient, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC)/CGFS composites were prepared via a melt blending process, and their mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. In order to dig deeper into the decomposition mechanism, the thermal degradation kinetics were systematically analyzed by drawing non-isothermal heat maps based on the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Friedman, and Kissinger model-free methods. According to the results, the properties of all tests vary significantly with CGFS content. In particular, at a the CGFS content of 20 phr, the tensile strength (tensile modulus) and flexural strength (flexural modulus) of CGFS-20 were 13.5% (47.8%) and 13.9% (41.6%) higher, respectively, than those of conventional CGFS-0 composites. However, the impact strength decreases with the increase of CGFS content. At the same time, the addition of CGFS suppresses the mass conversion rate and improves the thermal stability of PVC composites at high temperature, and the final residual mass reaches 31%, which is 12.7% higher than that of pure PVC. The kinetic analysis of thermal decomposition shows that CGFS promotes the initial degradation of the composites reduces the activation energy of the reaction, and at the same time endows them with higher thermal stability in the high-temperature phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. The effect of nanocarbon inclusion on mechanical, tribological, and thermal properties of phenolic resin‐based composites: An overview
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Andarge Ayele Adem, Himanshu Panjiar, and Brainerd Samuel Sundar Daniel
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mechanical properties ,nanocarbon ,nanocomposites ,phenolic resin ,thermal properties ,tribological properties ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Abstract Nanocarbons including carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and particularly graphene have unique properties such as high mechanical strength, thermally stable, highly conducting, high friction stability and lower specific wear rates, which can potentially provide synergically improved performance of advanced engineering materials and technologies for various fields of applications such as automotive, aerospace, and other industrial components. Development of phenolic resin‐based nanocomposites comprised of nanocarbon material remained as a research focus to outperform different properties of conventional material based components. In application, phenolic resin is the most popular binder in frictional components development such as brake pads, brake linings, and clutch facings, particularly used in many of light and medium automotive brake pad applications. Specifically, the present review study aims to provide thorough discussion on the mechanical, tribological, and thermal performances of phenolic resin‐based nanocomposites containing nanocarbon as a property modifier by comparing with the neat phenolic resin or with the composite containing other micro ingredients. As per presented overview, the analysis shows the significant improvement in some required application‐based properties of phenolic resin‐based nanocomposites such as tensile strength, young's modulus, impact strength, specific wear rate reduction, residue yield, and thermal conductivity due to the inclusion of nanocarbon, where the content of nanocarbons ranges about 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%. Hence nanocomposites synthesized using phenolic resin matrix with nanocarbons fillers found to have better mechanical strength, better wear resistance, and thermal stabilities when compared to pure phenolic resin and other composites.
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- 2024
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21. Effects of Hybrid Filler and Mixing Equipment on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of NR/EPDM Rubber Blends
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Jutatip Artchomphoo, Diew Saijun, Kamonwan Booncharoen, Pasuta Sungsee, and Suwat Rattanapan
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natural rubber ,epdm ,rubber blends ,hybrid filler ,mechanical properties ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
This research evaluated the effects of hybrid fillers and mixing equipment on natural rubber (NR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) properties with an 80/20 ratio. Silica (Si), carbon black (C), china clay (CC), and calcium carbonate (Ca) were used as hybrid fillers. Mixing techniques using two-roll mill and an internal mixer were compared. The study focused on cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and thermal stability. The study found that incorporating hybrid fillers significantly improved the curing process. Blends prepared by an internal mixer had more consistent mechanical properties such as modulus, tear strength, and hardness compared to those prepared by two-roll mill. Blends with Si and C (NE-SiC) showed significant enhancements in tensile and tear strength. Although adding multiple fillers did not accelerate curing, it enhanced the modulus, indicating a potential synergistic effect. The internal mixer method resulted in better elongation at break, except for the NE-SiC-CC.Ca blend, which had reduced flexibility. Thermal analysis revealed higher thermal stability for blends with hybrid fillers, decomposing at elevated temperatures with larger residues, particularly in NE-SiC-CC and NE-SiC-CC.Ca blends. These research findings highlight the critical role of filler types and mixing methods in optimizing the performance of NR/EPDM rubber blends.
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- 2024
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22. Effect of Kigelia pinnata biochar inclusion on mechanical and thermal properties of curtain climber fiber reinforced epoxide biocomposites.
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Kumar, Vishal, Arun, A., Rajkumar, K., and Palaniyappan, Sabarinathan
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BIOCHAR , *THERMAL properties , *COMPRESSION molding , *DRAPERIES , *FIBERS , *COMPOSITE materials , *FIBROUS composites - Abstract
This article explored the influence of curtain climber fiber and Biochar derived from Kigelia pinnata fruit fiber on a polyepoxide‐based composite material's thermal, mechanical, dielectric, and mechanical properties. Before commencing the composite production process, the surface of the curtain climber fiber underwent treatment with a solution consisting of 5% silane to enhance the bonding between the fiber and the matrix. The hand layup method and compression molding were used to produce the composite panels and tested according to the appropriate standards set by the ASTM. According to these findings, the mechanical properties of the composites were enhanced by adding 30% curtain climber fiber and 5% biochar. The load distribution on the fiber was consistent throughout. The composite's highest strength (EFB3) was 183 MPa, its modulus was 5.9 GPa, and its flexural strength and modulus were 216 MPa and 6.1 GPa, respectively. The impact intensity is 8 J, and the hardness value is 95 on the Shore D scale. In addition, the EFB3 had a maximum interlaminar shear strength of 35 MPa. According to the findings of the SEM surface analysis, the matrix molecules exhibit adhesion to the fiber, which indicates increased bonding. The thermal conductivity and dielectric properties were high for composite with higher biochar particle content. These waste biomass‐converted fruit fiber biochar and curtain climber industrial crop fiber epoxide composite materials may be utilized in a variety of sectors, including aerospace, automotive, household domestic product manufacturing, and defense sectors. Highlights: Extraction and silane treatment of curtain climber fiber.Producing biochar from waste biomass Kigelia pinnata fiber.Fabrication of polyepoxide composite.Siloxane layer improves the strength.Biochar improves the properties of composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. EFFECT OF VARIOUS CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA FIBERS: APPLICATION IN EPOXY COMPOSITES.
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PARTHASARATHI, BALAJI T., ARUNACHALAM, SENTHILKUMAR, JAWAHARLAL, NAGARAJAN K., and BALASUNDARAM, MUTHU CHOZHA RAJAN
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THERMAL properties , *ERYTHRINA , *AUTOMOBILE industry , *CONSTRUCTION industry , *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy - Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing trend in utilizing lignocellulosic fiber reinforced composites in structural applications within the construction and automobile industries, replacing conventional materials based on metals and their derivatives. In the present study, Erythrina variegata fibers (EVFs) were subjected to a number of chemical treatments individually (alkalization, benzoyl peroxide, potassium permanganate, and stearic acid treatments). The effects of these chemical treatments on the EVFs were examined through chemical composition analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). This comprehensive analysis aimed to assess the suitability of the chemically treated EVFs for use as reinforcement in thermoset polymer matrix composites. The alkali treated fibers (AEVFs) were found as optimum and were then used as reinforcement in epoxy adhesives. Different fiber loadings (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt%) were incorporated into the epoxy matrix to investigate their effects on the properties of the composites. Therefore, the tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and thermal stability of the prepared composites were evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. The findings collectively suggested that the epoxy composites reinforced with 20 wt% of AEVFs exhibited promising characteristics for lightweight structural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. DeoxyriboNucleic acid‐enhanced carbon nanotube dispersed epoxy resin composites: Mechanical and thermal properties study.
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Li, Qianxi, Peng, Xiong, Zhong, Xingu, Zhou, Yi, Luo, Tianye, and Zhang, Xinke
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HEAT resistant materials , *DYNAMIC mechanical analysis , *THERMAL properties , *EPOXY resins , *GLASS transition temperature - Abstract
Highlights The homogeneous dispersion of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a polymer matrix significantly affects the overall properties of composites. In this study, MWCNTs/epoxy (EP) composites were prepared using DeoxyriboNucleic acid (DNA) as a dispersant. The MWCNTs were uniformly dispersed in a phenalkamine curing agent and crosslinked with an epoxy resin matrix. The non‐covalent functionalization of DNA‐dispersed MWCNTs was confirmed by characterizing both the pristine and DNA‐modified MWCNTs. Additionally, the dispersion state and stability of MWCNTs in the curing agent solution were evaluated. Tensile strength and single‐lap‐shear (SLS) were employed to assess the mechanical properties of the composites. The results indicated that the DNA‐dispersed MWCNTs composites exhibited superior strength and toughness, with tensile and shear strengths of 46.81 and 19.64 MPa, respectively, at optimal ratios. These values represent increases of 68.38% and 50.96% compared to pure EP. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) revealed that the energy storage modulus of DNA‐dispersed MWCNTs/EP composites increased to 2722 MPa, a 24.7% enhancement over pure EP. Furthermore, the thermal properties of the composites were thoroughly investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the initial decomposition temperature of the DNA‐assisted dispersed composites rose to 330°C. The macromolecular relaxation of the EP materials occurred at higher temperatures, leading to an increased glass transition temperature. DNA was used to disperse MWCNTs in phenalkamine curing agent. MWCNTs/EP composites were made by crosslinking DNA‐dispersed MWCNTs with epoxy resin. DNA‐dispersed MWCNTs boosted tensile and lap shear strength. Thermal properties improved due to DNA‐dispersed MWCNTs, and increased the energy storage modulus of the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Influence of bio‐resource‐derived graphene oxide on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites.
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Arya, Tanuja, Bohra, Bhashkar Singh, Tewari, Chetna, Dhali, Sunil, Dikshit, Vishwesh, Rana, Sravendra, Jung, Yong Chae, and Sahoo, Nanda Gopal
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THERMAL properties , *GRAPHENE oxide , *POLYVINYL alcohol , *FIELD emission electron microscopy , *NANOCOMPOSITE materials , *POLYMERIC nanocomposites - Abstract
The present study reports on an environment‐friendly and economically viable method of synthesizing graphene oxide (GO) using agricultural waste, specifically oak (Quercus ilex) fruit. The agricultural waste‐derived GO (AGO) is further used as a reinforcing filler in the fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer nanocomposites by employing a solution‐mixing process. A series of characterization methods have been used to assess the interactions between AGO and PVA, including, Raman spectroscopy, FT‐IR, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy‐dispersive x‐ray (EDX). The thermal and structural properties have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)analysis, and a universal testing machine (UTM). The strong H‐bonding interaction between the PVA interface and AGO considerably enhanced interfacial dispersion and adhesion. As a result, the addition of 5 wt% AGO to the PVA polymers significantly improved their mechanical and thermal properties, including tensile strength which rose by 117%, melting temperature (Tm) by 7.02°C, and crystallization temperature (Tc) by 9.06°C. The thermal decomposition temperatures such as T5%, T10% and T50% were increased by 53.68°C, 68.49°C, and 57.37°C, respectively. The results show that a small loading of nanofillers causes substantial increases in the thermal and mechanical properties of PVA, thus making it a promising material for structural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Mechanical, Physical and Thermal Properties of Polylactic Acid Filament Composite Reinforced with Newly Isolated Cryptostegia grandiflora Fiber
- Author
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Udhayakumar Arumaiselvan, Mayandi Kalimuthu, Rajini Nagarajan, Murali Mohan, Sikiru O. Ismail, Faruq Mohammad, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan, and Kumar Krishnan
- Subjects
natural fiber ,cryptostegia grandiflora filler ,polylactic acid ,additive manufacturing ,3d printing ,mechanical properties ,zero waste ,sustainability label ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
By leveraging the properties of natural or plant fibers and possibilities through three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, a composite filament was fabricated by incorporating newly isolated Cryptostegia grandiflora fiber (CGF), as a reinforcement with polylactic acid (PLA) by using a twin-screw extruder. The fabricated composite filament and pure PLA filament were 3D-printed, using fused deposition modeling (FDM). This study investigated the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of the 3D-printed CGF reinforced composite filament samples. The mechanical properties of the samples fabricated with 10 wt% CGF were better than that of samples with pure PLA. In addition, impact, tensile, flexural strengths and hardness were increased by 35.6, 33.6, 14.1, and 1.7%, respectively, when compared with the sample with pure PLA. The fractured surface morphology of tensile samples showed a uniform distribution of CGF within the PLA. The addition of CGF improved the thermal stability of the 3D-printed CGF/PLA composite sample by 15%. Therefore, the printed structure could serve as an alternative material for various uses, considering contemporary concepts of sustainability, availability, environmental friendliness, and cost effectiveness.
- Published
- 2024
27. Theoretical investigation on solid solution effect in dilute Zr alloys: Insight into mechanical and thermal properties
- Author
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D. Wang, Z. Xie, B.D. Yao, J.X. Si, L. Wu, X.Y. Wu, and Y.X. Wang
- Subjects
Dilute Zr alloys ,First-principles calculation ,Solid solution effect ,Mechanical properties ,Thermal expansion ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
Solid solution effect of minor elements on mechanical and especially thermal properties of zirconium (Zr) alloys has been underexplored in previous studies. This research delves into the electronic structure, phonon, mechanics, and thermodynamics of binary solid solution Zr alloys (introduction of Sn, Cu, Al, Ge, O, N, H, and C) using density functional theory (DFT). Micro-mechanical properties are changed after doping elements, particularly for doping H as interstitials. The H-induced increase in Poisson's ratio and decrease in shear modulus, Young's modulus, and hardness should be due to H-induced enhancement in the ductility of adjacent Zr atoms. Addition-induced thermodynamic properties are discernible for substitutional and interstitial elements. High frequencies of phonons appear in the Zr alloys with interstitial solid solution, which decreases the heat capacity of the Zr alloys. Conversely, the alloys featuring a substitutional solid solution experience negligible changes in heat capacity. Grüneisen parameter associated with anharmonic interaction is a determining factor in the thermal expansion of the Zr alloys. In low phonon frequencies (≤2 THz), the more negative contribution of Grüneisen parameter leads to the lower thermal expansion of the Zr alloys with interstitial solid solution, with respect to substitutional solid solution. Deep investigation reveals that the mode of lattice vibration in the low frequency almost remains the original transverse mode of the pure Zr for interstitial solid solution. For substitutional solid solution, the atomic layer containing doping element vibrates from transversely to longitudinally. Our work helps purposefully tune the properties of novel Zr alloys through screening and adding alloying elements.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Partial replacement of silica by naturally occurring pumice powder for enhancing mechanical and thermal properties of nitrile rubber cured by electron beam irradiation
- Author
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El-Nemr, Khaled F., Radi, H., and Helal, Reham H.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Investigation into the mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight mortar using commercial beads or recycled expanded polystyrene
- Author
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Shabbar Rana, Almusawi Aqil Mousa, and Taher Jaber Kadhim
- Subjects
lightweight mortar ,thermal conductivity ,recycled expanded polystyrene waste ,mechanical properties ,slurry sand ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The addition of recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) in cement mortar is a key to enhancing buildings’ insulation and reducing energy consumption. The main objective of this study is to improve the thermal conductivity of lightweight mortar (LWM) by using the EPS. Also, to overcome the segregation problem when increasing the EPS proportion by more than 70% by volume, slurry sand was used. To achieve that, more EPS waste is required to produce an LWM with less cement and natural resources (sand) content. The effect of different percentages and particle sizes of the EPS either virgin or grated on the workability, density, compressive, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity were investigated by using the EPS with the range of 0, 75, 80, and 85% by mortar’s volume. The results exposed that LWM with grated EPS waste had greater physical and mechanical properties than with EPS beads because it has low void content and suitable distribution. In addition, mortar with 85% grated EPS had similar properties than that with 75% EPS beads. Accordingly, EPS should be grinded to increase its volumetric percentage in the mixture. Also, electron microscopy was used as an integral technique to study surface morphology between mortar components and the EPS.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Rationally designed phosphate-doped zinc-cobalt based MOFs wrapped ZnAl-LDH decorated LGO; towards designing epoxy coating with enhanced mechanical & thermal properties.
- Author
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Sanaei, Zahra, Shamsipur, Ali, and Ramezanzadeh, Bahram
- Subjects
THERMAL properties ,THERMAL resistance ,METAL-organic frameworks ,TENSILE tests ,PHOSPHATE glass ,EPOXY resins - Abstract
Epoxy coatings application in industries has been broadened due to their exceptional features. However, the high brittleness and poor fracture resistance are two major drawbacks of the epoxy coating (EPC) that limit its durability in harsh outdoor conditions. Advanced nanomaterials i.e., GO have been noticed in recent studies as powerful candidates for resolving epoxy weaknesses. However, the improper dispersion, as well as the weak interaction of GO with epoxy, are the most important challenging issues that remain unsolved. For the first time, GO was reduced and then assembled with the LDH and metal–organic frameworks (i.e., ZF-8, ZF-67) to reach high dispersion levels and strong interactions with the polymer matrix for improving the coating thermal/mechanical characteristics simultaneously. TGA test outcomes declared about 2947% and 2895% increment levels in the EPC thermal resistance after the inclusion of the phosphate-doped LGO@LDH-ZF-67/ZF-8 and LGO@LDH-ZF-8/ZF-67 nanostructures. Tensile test results revealed that in the presence of the phosphate-doped LGO@LDH-ZF-67/ZF-8 and LGO@LDH-ZF-8/ZF-67 nanostructures about 178% and 163%, respectively, improvements in the fracture energy (FE) of the EPC were achieved. According to the DMTA test outcomes, the phosphate-doped LGO@LDH-ZF-67/ZF-8 containing EPC showed 191% and 16% improvements in storage modulus at the glassy region and cross-linking density, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Enhancing Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Composites Through Sidr Leaves' Particle Reinforcement.
- Author
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Ibraheem, Eman Khalid and Bdaiwi, Waleed
- Subjects
- *
UNSATURATED polyesters , *POLYESTERS , *THERMAL properties , *POLYESTER fibers , *MATERIALS analysis , *THERMAL conductivity , *COMPOSITE materials - Abstract
The Sidr Leaves Powder (SLP) is full of natural renewable, and cost-free energy resources with excellent heat resistant properties. Mixing natural fillers in conjunction with unsaturated polyester increases the mechanical and thermal features of composites, which eliminates or reduces the need for additional binders. This study probes the outcomes of supplementing Sidr Leaves Powder at different filler concentrations on the mechanical properties (durability, compression, and impact) as well as thermal conductivity accompanied by FTIR spectroscopy characterization of unsaturated polyester composites. Samples were made using hand-lay molding procedures. The consequences reveal that the maximal impact resistance is (2.52kJ/m²), the highest hardness (72.4 N/mm²), and the highest compressive strength about (48.7 MPa). Moreover, the thermal conductivity's value drops to (0.101 W/m.℃). on 25% volumetric fraction. With FTIR spectra, the evidence of alteration in the chemical content and molecular structure of nanocomposites with varying filler content emerged, making the analysis of the composite material properties possible. These outcomes indicate the prospective usefulness of these composites in such fields as furniture manufacturing, especially in case of a couch due to their super properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Synergistic Promotion of Electrical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties for Silicone Rubber-based Field Grading Material via Compound Modification
- Author
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Jiale Wu, Yangzhi Gong, Peiqi Xiong, Zexi Xing, Xiaofeng Xue, Xiao Yang, Boyang Shen, and Xingming Bian
- Subjects
Compound modification ,electric field regulation ,field grading material ,field-dependent conductivity ,mechanical properties ,thermal conductivity ,Technology ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Use of nonlinear conductive SiC/silicone rubber (SR) field grading material (FGM) can improve the local field concentration of composite insulators. Adding large volume fraction and large-size SiC particles (SiCp) into SR can obtain a good field grading effect, but it is accompanied by the deterioration of mechanical properties. Compounding SiC with different shapes can solve this contradiction. By incorporating one-dimensional SiC whiskers (SiCw) to synergize with granular SiCp, SiC/SR FGM with better field-dependent conductivity, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity than large-size SiCp and large volume fraction filling case can be obtained by using smaller size SiCp and lower filling contents. The simulations of 500 k V line insulators show that the modified SiC/SR FGM can reduce the maximum field strength along the insulator surface and at sheath-core rod interfaces by 55% and 71.4%, respectively. The combined application of FGM and grading ring can achieve a complementary effect. Using FGM to partially replace the role of the grading rings, the field strength indicators can still meet the operational requirements after the tube radius and shielding depth of the grading rings at both ends are reduced by 36.2% and 40% separately, which is a benefit to alleviating the problems of high weight and large volume faced by traditional field grading methods.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Synergistic improvement of mechanical, electrical and thermal properties by graphene nanoplatelets in polyaniline incorporated rubbery thermoplastic composites
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Farrah Diyana Zailan, Ruey Shan Chen, Sahrim Haji Ahmad, Moayad Husein Flaifel, Dalila Shahdan, Wan Nazri Wan Busu, and Lih Jiun Yu
- Subjects
Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) ,Thermoplastic elastomer ,Graphene ,Mechanical properties ,Electrical properties ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
Here, thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) blend filled with polyaniline (PANi) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was fabricated via melt blending and compression moulding. The synergistic influence of including 1–5 wt% GNPs with 3 wt% PANi in nanocomposites on the mechanical via tensile test, Impedance electrical test, thermal stability via thermogravimetric analysis test and morphologic observation were examined. Inclusion of 2 wt% of GNPs increased by 62.8 % on tensile strength and 151.8 % on Young's modulus of TPNR/PANi. The highest electrical conductivity and thermal stability were achieved in the same nanocomposite composition. With a low loading of GNPs, an electrical conductivity of 2.6 E−9 S/cm was achieved which potential to be a new semi-conductive material. At this optimum content, the scanning electron microscopy micrograph revealed a homogenous distribution of GNPs in the TPNR/PANi blend as well as good matrix-filler interaction. To be practical in real application, cost-effectiveness is another important aspect to be determined. In this work, researchers evaluated the cost-performance of each system (TPNR, TPNR/PANi and TPNR/PANi/GNP) based on material costs, mechanical and electrical properties. Different general trends (positive, negative and synergistic) of cost-efficiency relationship were obtained for different material system and the priority greatly depends on their intended uses.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Review of Mechanical, Durability, and Thermal properties of Light weight concrete containing cenosphere
- Author
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Jose Christin, Radhakrishnan Ganga, Anandan Abhinav, T A Althaf, and B Sankar
- Subjects
light weight concrete ,mechanical properties ,durability properties ,thermal properties ,supplementary cementitious material ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Compared to conventional concrete, lightweight concrete offers a reduced unit weight, making it easier to handle and transport. Its popularity has surged globally in numerous countries and has proven beneficial for construction purposes. Lightweight concrete often exhibits better thermal insulation properties compared to traditional concrete, contributing to energy efficiency in buildings. Recently, the inclusion of cenospheres in lightweight aggregates is being is heavily researched around the world. Ceneosphere addition increases the volume of the concrete mixture because of their smaller size and hollow nature of the particle. This research paper showcases the various applications and advantages of lightweight concrete (LWC) containing cenosphere, along with highlighting the role of different supplementary cementitious materials characteristics and manufacturing methods. Furthermore, the current study examines previous researches on sustainable lightweight concretes and showcases the improvements and advancements in mechanical, durability, and thermal properties obtained when cenospheres were added.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Enhancing the Biodegradability, Water Solubility, and Thermal Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol through Natural Polymer Blending: An Approach toward Sustainable Polymer Applications
- Author
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Abdallah S. Elgharbawy, Abdel-Ghaffar M. El Demerdash, Wagih A. Sadik, Mosaad A. Kasaby, Ahmed H. Lotfy, and Ahmed I. Osman
- Subjects
biodegradable polymers ,polyvinyl alcohol ,corn starch ,hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ,polymer blending ,mechanical properties ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
The escalating environmental crisis posed by single-use plastics underscores the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. This study provides an approach to introduce biodegradable polymer blends by blending synthetic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with natural polymers—corn starch (CS) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)—to address this challenge. Through a comprehensive analysis, including of the structure, mechanical strength, water solubility, biodegradability, and thermal properties, we investigated the enhanced performance of PVA-CS and PVA-HPMC blends over conventional polymers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) findings of pure PVA and its blends were studied, and we found a complete homogeneity between the PVA and both types of natural polymers in the case of a high concentration of PVA, whereas at lower concentration of PVA, some granules of CS and HMPC appear in the SEM. Blending corn starch (CS) with PVA significantly boosts its biodegradability in soil environments, since adding starch of 50 w/w duplicates the rate of PVA biodegradation. Incorporating hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with PVA not only improves water solubility but also enhances biodegradation rates, as the addition of HPMC increases the biodegradation of pure PVA from 10 to 100% and raises the water solubility from 80 to 100%, highlighting the significant acceleration of the biodegradation process and water solubility caused by HPMC addition, making these blends suitable for a wide range of applications, from packaging and agricultural films to biomedical engineering. The thermal properties of pure PVA and its blends with natural were studied using diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is found that the glass transition temperature (Tg) increases after adding natural polymers to PVA, referring to an improvement in the molecular weight and intermolecular interactions between blend molecules. Moreover, the amorphous structure of natural polymers makes the melting temperature ™ lessen after adding natural polymer, so the blends require lower temperature to remelt and be recycled again. For the mechanical properties, both types of natural polymer decrease the tensile strength and elongation at break, which overall weakens the mechanical properties of PVA. Our findings offer a promising pathway for the development of environmentally friendly polymers that do not compromise on performance, marking a significant step forward in polymer science’s contribution to sustainability. This work presents detailed experimental and theoretical insights into novel polymerization methods and the utilization of biological strategies for advanced material design.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The Role of Reduced Graphene Oxide in Enhancing the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of a Rubber Cover Joint.
- Author
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Zhang, Hongyu, Li, Junxia, and Fan, Wenrui
- Subjects
- *
RUBBER , *GRAPHENE oxide , *THERMAL properties , *CONVEYOR belts , *BELT conveyors , *WEAR resistance - Abstract
The development of high-performance rubber composites has always been a research hotspot in the field of conveyor belt manufacturing. In this work, a rubber cover joint composite made of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared using latex mixing and mechanical blending methods, with a steel wire rope conveyor belt as the research object, and the influence of the rGO content on the properties of the rubber composite is discussed. The structure and morphology characterization of the rGO/NR rubber show that the addition of rGO does not change its crystal structure, and 1.2 phr rGO is uniformly dispersed throughout the rubber composite. As more rGO is added, the mechanical properties of the rGO rubber cover joint first improve and then worsen. With the addition of 1.2 phr, the cross-linking density increases by 80.6%, the tensile strength of the rubber composites increases by 49.7%, the elongation at break increases by 23.6%, and the adhesion strength increases by 12.4%. The tensile strength of the rGO rubber cover joint can still maintain 72.5% of its pre-thermal aging value. The wear resistance and thermal conductivity increase as more phr is added. When 3.0 phr is added, the wear resistance of the rubber composites increases by 32.9%, the thermal conductivity increases by 118.8%, and the temperature difference at the completion of vulcanization decreases from 4.5 °C to 1.8 °C. The results show that when 1.2 phr of rGO is added, the rubber conveyor belt joint obtains the best comprehensive performance. These enhanced comprehensive properties allow for the practical application of rGO nanomaterials to conveyor belt rubber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Influence of the Manufacturing Method (3D Printing and Injection Molding) on Water Absorption and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymer Composites Based on Poly(lactic acid)
- Author
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Paul Forbid Mukoroh, Fathi Gouda, Mikael Skrifvars, and Sunil Kumar Ramamoorthy
- Subjects
3D printing ,injection molding ,fused deposition modeling (FDM) ,poly(lactic acid) ,layer thickness ,mechanical properties ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
The manufacturing method influences the properties of the produced components. This work investigates the influence of manufacturing methods, such as fused deposition modeling (3D printing) and injection molding, on the water absorption and mechanical and thermal properties of the specimens produced from neat bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymer and poly(lactic acid)/wood composites. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) acts as the reference material due to its low water absorption and good functional properties. The printing layer thickness is one of the factors that affects the properties of a 3D-printed specimen. The investigation includes two different layer thicknesses (0.2 mm and 0.3 mm) while maintaining uniform overall thickness of the specimens across two manufacturing methods. 3D-printed specimens absorb significantly higher amounts of water than the injection-molded specimens, and the increase in the layer thickness of the 3D-printed specimens contributes to further increased water absorption. However, the swelling due to water absorption in 3D-printed specimens decreases upon increased layer thickness. The tensile, flexural, and impact properties of all of the specimens decrease after water absorption, while the properties improve upon decreasing the layer thickness. Higher porosity upon increasing the layer thickness is the predominant factor. The results from dynamic mechanical analysis and microscopy validate the outcomes. The results from this experimental study highlight the limitations of additive manufacturing.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Effects of carbon-based nanofillers on mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of bast fiber reinforced polymer composites.
- Author
-
Syduzzaman, Md, Chowdhury, Kawser Parveen, Fahmi, Fahmida Faiza, Rumi, Shaida Sultana, and Hassan, Abir
- Abstract
Bast fiber-reinforced polymer composites (BFRPs) are grabbing considerable research attention due to their assertive impact on the environment and excellence in biodegradability. Though BFRPs have excellent ecological performance factors, they also lack in some cases, such as lower mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, due to the significant moisture absorption, minimal thermal stability, and inherent nature of bast fibers. BFRPs exhibit weaker fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion as compared to synthetic fiber-reinforced polymer composites, resulting in lower mechanical properties. Nowadays, a wide variety of fiber and matrix modification techniques are practiced improving the fiber-matrix interaction, which ultimately improves the mechanical properties. Among the fiber and matrix modification techniques, nanofiller integration is the most promising one. This study reviews the impacts of introducing carbon-based nanofillers, particularly graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNT), in diversified BFRPs. The influence of carbon-based nanofillers on the mechanical, electrical, and thermal behavior of BFRPs and their potential prospects are comprehensively reviewed. The paper concludes with the challenges and difficulties in composite processing, along with the techniques for overcoming them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Enhancing the Biodegradability, Water Solubility, and Thermal Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol through Natural Polymer Blending: An Approach toward Sustainable Polymer Applications.
- Author
-
Elgharbawy, Abdallah S., El Demerdash, Abdel-Ghaffar M., Sadik, Wagih A., Kasaby, Mosaad A., Lotfy, Ahmed H., and Osman, Ahmed I.
- Subjects
- *
BIOPOLYMERS , *SINGLE-use plastics , *GLASS transition temperature , *POLYVINYL alcohol , *POLYMER melting , *CORNSTARCH , *POLYMER blends - Abstract
The escalating environmental crisis posed by single-use plastics underscores the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. This study provides an approach to introduce biodegradable polymer blends by blending synthetic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with natural polymers—corn starch (CS) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)—to address this challenge. Through a comprehensive analysis, including of the structure, mechanical strength, water solubility, biodegradability, and thermal properties, we investigated the enhanced performance of PVA-CS and PVA-HPMC blends over conventional polymers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) findings of pure PVA and its blends were studied, and we found a complete homogeneity between the PVA and both types of natural polymers in the case of a high concentration of PVA, whereas at lower concentration of PVA, some granules of CS and HMPC appear in the SEM. Blending corn starch (CS) with PVA significantly boosts its biodegradability in soil environments, since adding starch of 50 w/w duplicates the rate of PVA biodegradation. Incorporating hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with PVA not only improves water solubility but also enhances biodegradation rates, as the addition of HPMC increases the biodegradation of pure PVA from 10 to 100% and raises the water solubility from 80 to 100%, highlighting the significant acceleration of the biodegradation process and water solubility caused by HPMC addition, making these blends suitable for a wide range of applications, from packaging and agricultural films to biomedical engineering. The thermal properties of pure PVA and its blends with natural were studied using diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is found that the glass transition temperature (Tg) increases after adding natural polymers to PVA, referring to an improvement in the molecular weight and intermolecular interactions between blend molecules. Moreover, the amorphous structure of natural polymers makes the melting temperature ™ lessen after adding natural polymer, so the blends require lower temperature to remelt and be recycled again. For the mechanical properties, both types of natural polymer decrease the tensile strength and elongation at break, which overall weakens the mechanical properties of PVA. Our findings offer a promising pathway for the development of environmentally friendly polymers that do not compromise on performance, marking a significant step forward in polymer science's contribution to sustainability. This work presents detailed experimental and theoretical insights into novel polymerization methods and the utilization of biological strategies for advanced material design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Influence of the Manufacturing Method (3D Printing and Injection Molding) on Water Absorption and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymer Composites Based on Poly(lactic acid).
- Author
-
Mukoroh, Paul Forbid, Gouda, Fathi, Skrifvars, Mikael, and Ramamoorthy, Sunil Kumar
- Subjects
- *
INJECTION molding , *LACTIC acid , *ACRYLONITRILE butadiene styrene resins , *THREE-dimensional printing , *FUSED deposition modeling , *THERMAL properties - Abstract
The manufacturing method influences the properties of the produced components. This work investigates the influence of manufacturing methods, such as fused deposition modeling (3D printing) and injection molding, on the water absorption and mechanical and thermal properties of the specimens produced from neat bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymer and poly(lactic acid)/wood composites. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) acts as the reference material due to its low water absorption and good functional properties. The printing layer thickness is one of the factors that affects the properties of a 3D-printed specimen. The investigation includes two different layer thicknesses (0.2 mm and 0.3 mm) while maintaining uniform overall thickness of the specimens across two manufacturing methods. 3D-printed specimens absorb significantly higher amounts of water than the injection-molded specimens, and the increase in the layer thickness of the 3D-printed specimens contributes to further increased water absorption. However, the swelling due to water absorption in 3D-printed specimens decreases upon increased layer thickness. The tensile, flexural, and impact properties of all of the specimens decrease after water absorption, while the properties improve upon decreasing the layer thickness. Higher porosity upon increasing the layer thickness is the predominant factor. The results from dynamic mechanical analysis and microscopy validate the outcomes. The results from this experimental study highlight the limitations of additive manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Agricultural-waste Sesamum indicum L. /recycled-low density polyethylene bio-composites: Impact of gamma radiation on mechanical and thermal properties.
- Author
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Bansal, Neha, Ahuja, Simran, Lal, Sohan, and Arora, Sanjiv
- Subjects
- *
SESAME , *GAMMA rays , *COMPATIBILIZERS , *THERMAL properties , *HEAT radiation & absorption , *POLYETHYLENE , *LOW density polyethylene - Abstract
Composites synthesized from natural waste and recycled plastic is quite a promising and interesting field for scientists and polymer industries. In the present study, bio-composites based on agriculture residue Sesamum indicum L. and recycled-low density polyethylene were synthesized by extrusion and injection molding technique at a fiber loading of 10–40 wt%. Additionally, 3% of maleic anhydride grafted low density polyethylene was used as a compatibilizer. The prepared composites were irradiated at 25 kGy, 75 kGy and 125 kGy doses of gamma rays. The effects of different fiber content and gamma doses on mechanical properties were studied statistically by Design Expert software. Response surface methodology was employed to depict the interaction among various factors and optimization was done by desirability index method. Findings indicated that composites having 30% Sesamum indicum L. irradiated at 125 kGy demonstrated best mechanical properties. A significant enhancement in tensile and flexural properties of irradiated composites can be explained effectively in terms of the cross-linking effect. The fiber–matrix adhesion and modifications in composite structure was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, thermal stability of the composites was also found to be increased. In addition, gamma-irradiated composite exhibited the highest storage modulus and a decrease in mechanical loss factor was also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Assessment of Environmental Impact on Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Pipes Mechanical and Thermal Properties
- Author
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Cătălina Călin, Alin Diniță, Gheorghe Brănoiu, Daniela Roxana Popovici, Maria Tănase, Elena-Emilia Sirbu, Alexandra-Ileana Portoacă, and Sonia Mihai
- Subjects
GFRP ,environmental effects ,mechanical properties ,tensile strength ,flexural strength structural properties ,XRD ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are widely used due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. However, their properties can degrade under different environmental conditions, affecting long-term reliability. This study examines the effects of temperature and chemical environments on GFRP pipes. Specimens were exposed to salt water and alkaline solutions at 20 °C and 50 °C. Diffusion coefficients and tensile and flexural properties were measured. Advanced techniques (TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) showed a 54.73% crystallinity difference between samples at 20 °C/air and 50 °C/salt water. Elevated temperatures and alkaline conditions accelerated degradation, with diffusion coefficients 68.38% higher at 50 °C/salt water compared to at 20 °C/salt water. Flexural strength decreased by 47.65% and tensile strength by 13.89%, at 50 °C/alkaline compared to 20 °C/air. Temperature was identified as the primary factor affecting mechanical performance, while alkaline environments significantly influenced tensile and flexural modulus. These results underscore the importance of considering environmental factors for the durability of GFRP composites.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. First-principle studies of the structural, elastic, electronic and thermal properties of Ta2AlC MAX-phase.
- Author
-
Guo, Zhongzheng
- Subjects
- *
THERMODYNAMICS , *DEBYE temperatures , *HEAT capacity , *THERMAL expansion , *DENSITY functional theory - Abstract
The structural, electronic, mechanical and thermal properties of Ta2AlC MAX-phase were investigated by performing first-principles calculation using density functional theory (DFT). The calculation results showed that the Ta2AlC MAX-phase has mechanical and thermodynamic stability, and it has some brittleness, and exhibits anisotropic behavior. The thermodynamic properties of Ta2AlC, such as the volume, thermal expansion coefficient, bulk modulus, Debye temperature and heat capacity in the pressure range of 0–80 GPa and the temperature range of 0–1200 K, are predicted by quasi-harmonic Debye model in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Study of vulcanization characteristic, mechanical, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of silicone rubber, EPDM, and their hybrid clay nanocomposites.
- Author
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Effati, Elham, Shokri, Elham, Jalali‐Arani, Azam, and Heidari, Hooshiar
- Subjects
SILICONE rubber ,THERMAL properties ,VULCANIZATION ,CLAY ,NANOCOMPOSITE materials ,RUBBER - Abstract
The combination of silicone rubber (SR) and ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) could have an aggregate of their properties. High temperature vulcanized (HTV) is one of the most widely used SR type. This study explores the impact of montmorillonite Cloisite® layered silicate nanoclay on the vulcanization characteristics, mechanical‐dynamical behavior, and thermal properties of the HTV/EPDM blend. For this purpose, varying ratios of the HTV/EPDM compounds were prepared in the range of 100/0, 50/50, and 0/100, with 0, 3, and 5 wt% of Cloisite® using an internal mixer. The X‐ray diffraction results indicate that the mixing time, Cloisite® content and base polymer significantly influence the distance between Cloisite® layers. Cloisite® was found to accelerate the curing system and reduce the difference between minimum and maximum torque. The mechanical analysis of the prepared HTV/EPDM/clay nanocomposites revealed an increase in hardness, tensile strength, and modulus for samples with applied Cloisite® content. The degradation temperature was raised in HTV base samples by the presence of Cloisite®. On the other hand, the degradation temperature was dropped in the EPDM base samples as the amount of Cloisite® increased. In the HTV/EPDM/clay compounds, the degradation temperature was between the degradation temperatures of pure HTV and EPDM rubbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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45. Physicomechanical, water absorption and thermal properties and morphology of Paederia foetida fiber–Al2O3 powder hybrid‐reinforced epoxy composites.
- Author
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Herlina Sari, Nasmi, Suteja, Suteja, Pruncu, Catalin Iulian, Setyawan, Indra, Ilyas, Rushdan Ahmad, and Lamberti, Luciano
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FIBROUS composites ,NATURAL fibers ,HYBRID materials ,THERMAL properties ,CERAMIC materials ,EPOXY resins ,INDUSTRIAL chemistry - Abstract
Hybridization of natural fibers with ceramic materials for reinforcing composites allows the optimization of the properties of these materials. For this reason, the present study aims to investigate physical, mechanical, water absorption, swelling and thermal properties as well as morphological characteristics of a hybrid Paederia foetida fibers–alumina powder (PFs–Al2O3)‐reinforced epoxy composite. Epoxy resin served as the matrix, while PFs and Al2O3 were employed as reinforcement. Five types of composites were fabricated using the hot‐pressing technique. The corresponding ratios of PFs:Al2O3 volume fractions (%) considered here were 0:40 (SFA), 10:30 (SFB), 20:20 (SFC), 30:10 (SFD) and 40:0 (SFE). The results reveal that the density of the hybrid PFs–Al2O3 composites decreased for increasing volume fractions of PFs: from 2.173 g cm−3 of SFA to 1.042 g cm−3 of SFE. The highest values of tensile strength (i.e. 49.085 MPa), tensile elastic modulus (i.e. 1.431 GPa) and impact strength (24 kJ m−2) were obtained for the SFD composite material with 30% volume fraction of PFs and 10% volume fraction of Al2O3: this happened because interface bonds between PFs, Al2O3 and epoxy phases achieved their optimal configuration. Overall, mechanical properties of the hybrid PFs–Al2O3‐reinforced epoxy composites were superior to those of composites reinforced only by PF fibers or only by Al2O3. Water absorption and swellability reached their maximum values at the steady state occurring after tested samples remained immersed in water for 820 h. The SFE composite reinforced only by PFs presented the highest water absorption and swelling (i.e. 6.034% and 5.81%, respectively) while for all other hybrid composites (SFD, SFC and SFB) these two quantities remained below 5%. Density and volume fraction of voids of hybrid PFs–Al2O3‐reinforced composites were consistent with the corresponding properties of the composites reinforced only by Al2O3 or PFs. SFD was also the most thermally stable material. Scanning electron microscopy observations of fractured surfaces indicated that the microstructure of the PFs–Al2O3‐reinforced epoxy composites presents several voids, fiber pullouts and transverse fibers, which together optimize the mechanical response of the composite material. Remarkably, the SFD composite material was highly competitive with the most recently developed hybrid composites employing natural reinforcements. © 2024 Society of Industrial Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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46. Halogen‐free boron‐based hybrid system for enhancing flame retardancy, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy.
- Author
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Kocaman, Suheyla, Temiz, Melisa, Işık, Murat, Ahmetli, Gulnare, Ceyhan, Ayhan Abdullah, and Karakaya, Şeyma
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FIREPROOFING ,HYBRID systems ,THERMAL properties ,DYNAMIC mechanical analysis ,X-ray powder diffraction ,FLAMMABILITY - Abstract
This study aims to increase the flame retardancy of epoxy‐based composites by using various flame retardants together with colemanite filler (CLM), which is a very mineral‐rich boron type. As a flame retardant, aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and boron‐containing compounds: borax (BRX) and natural minerals (tincal (TNC) and colemanite (CLM)), as well as barium metaborate (BaMB) synthesized by us were used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), contact angle (CA), and particle size analysis were used to characterize the composites and additives. All boron compounds increased the thermal stability of the composites. Except for the ER/CLM‐BaMB composite, other composites' surface contact angles were over 90°. In terms of both combustion and thermal properties, the best CLM‐BaMB‐Al(OH)3‐TNC ratio was determined as 15:5:15:15. The tensile strength, self‐extinguishing time, estimated and experimental Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) values for this composite were determined as 96 MPa, 65 s, 29.6%, and 25%, respectively. In addition, ANOVA was applied to determine the effect of hybrid filler type and different weight ratios on the mechanical properties of composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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47. Influence of ethylene diamine functionalized waste plastic derived reduced graphene oxide as filler on the mechanical and thermal properties of low‐density polyethylene.
- Author
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Arya, Tanuja, Rawat, Kundan Singh, Bohra, Bhashkar Singh, Garwal, Kamal, Negi, Pushpa Bhakuni, Tewari, Chetna, Jung, Yong Chae, and Sahoo, Nanda Gopal
- Abstract
Highlights Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared from waste plastic using the two steps pyrolysis method and subsequently functionalized with ethylene diamine (EDA) to develop amino‐functionalized rGO (EDA‐rGO). To make the thermal and mechanical properties more proficient, EDA‐rGO was further incorporated as a nanofiller into a low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix using the melt mixing method followed by hot‐pressing. A variety of analytical methods, such as FT‐IR, XRD, XPS, DSC, TGA, DMA, Raman spectroscopy, and HRTEM, were used to characterize the elements and morphology of rGO and EDA‐rGO. The results showed that the addition of 5 wt% EDA‐rGO to LDPE polymers significantly improved the mechanical and thermal properties, such as storage modulus by 62%, loss modulus by 67%, young's modulus by 123%, tensile strength by 79.83%, respectively. The thermal decomposition temperatures of 5%, 10% and 50% were increased by 14.01, 9.34, and 4.8°C, respectively. This study provides a feasible and ecologically sustainable way of repurposing plastic waste concurrently enhancing the properties of polymer composites. Synthesis & functionalization of rGO from waste plastic using EDA. EDA‐rGO used as a nanofiller to fabricate LDPE polymer nanocomposites. EDA‐rGO enhanced the thermal stability of LDPE nanocomposites. The tensile strength & modulus of the LDPE composites are greatly improved. The storage, loss modulus, Tm and Tc enhanced by 62%, 67%, 4.4
° C & 2.6° C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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48. Effect of lignocellulosic corn stalk on mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of injection moulded low density polyethylene composites: An approach towards a circular economy
- Author
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Anam Khan, Alka Mishra, Ravi Patidar, and Asokan Pappu
- Subjects
Corn stalk ,LDPE ,Crop residue ,Injection moulding ,SEM ,Mechanical properties ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Escalating concern over global warming, which is mostly associated with deforestation, has led to the development of new classes of materials that can replace wood and better utilise natural resources. Presently, waste is a significant factor in recycling. In this regard, one of the leading contributors to waste is agricultural waste, which includes dried branches, leaves of trees, plants, and other organic materials. In the current study, waste from corn agriculture was utilised as a potential reinforcement for the fabrication of corn stalk-low density polyethylene (CS-LDPE) composites via an injection moulding technique at 170 °C. The different parameters were assessed to develop composites using CS, including physico-chemical, macromolecular, mineralogical, elemental, and morphological analysis. The amount of corn stalk (CS) was varied from 10 to 50 wt% with respect to the polymer. The mechanical, physical and thermal performance of the composites was examined. The density and water absorption of the composites were found to remain within the ranges of 1.00–1.11 g/cm3 and 0.22–1.01 %, respectively, whereas these parameters increased as the proportion of CS increased. The thermal conductivity decreases with the addition of CS from 0.36964 ± 0.020 to 0.22388 ± 0.002 W/mK. It was observed that adding CS to the composites increased their tensile and flexural properties, but decreased their impact strength. The maximum flexural strength of 14.40 ± 1.558 MPa, flexural modulus of 752.53 ± 180.409 MPa, tensile strength of 10.49 ± 0.946 MPa and tensile modulus of 539.79 ± 91.044 MPa were observed with a 50 % CS content. The results suggest that these materials have considerable potential to serve as a cost-effective substitute for the conventional lignocellulosic fillers in the manufacturing of wood-plastic composites.
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- 2024
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49. Building a Greener Future: Advancing Concrete Production Sustainability and the Thermal Properties of 3D-Printed Mortars
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Ana Paula Capêto, Manuel Jesus, Braian E. B. Uribe, Ana Sofia Guimarães, and Ana L. S. Oliveira
- Subjects
3D concrete printing ,waste ,mechanical properties ,thermal insulation ,admixtures ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
The integration of waste materials in extrudable cement mixtures has the potential to make the construction industry more sustainable by reducing carbon footprints and developing eco-friendly materials. This along with advancements in 3D concrete printing (3DCP) provides engineering and architectural benefits by reducing material waste and costs. In this paper, the impact of waste incorporation on properties of mortar and concrete is examined. The use of waste materials, such as pumice, coal slag, agricultural lignocellulosic residues, and recycled rubber tyres, to improve thermal insulation and durability of cementitious composites is discussed. In addition, the incorporation of air-entraining admixtures with surfactant activity is explored for their indirect effect on thermal behaviour, pore size reduction, and enhancement in concrete properties. This review includes important topics such as a strength resistance to freezing and thawing, fire resistance, plasticising effect, and delay in cement hydration. These findings highlight the benefits of using diverse waste materials in construction, providing a multidimensional approach to waste management, cost optimization, and enhanced construction materials in the context of 3DCP.
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- 2024
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50. The Role of Reduced Graphene Oxide in Enhancing the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of a Rubber Cover Joint
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Hongyu Zhang, Junxia Li, and Wenrui Fan
- Subjects
conveyor belt ,rubber cover joint ,reduced graphene oxide ,mechanical properties ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
The development of high-performance rubber composites has always been a research hotspot in the field of conveyor belt manufacturing. In this work, a rubber cover joint composite made of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared using latex mixing and mechanical blending methods, with a steel wire rope conveyor belt as the research object, and the influence of the rGO content on the properties of the rubber composite is discussed. The structure and morphology characterization of the rGO/NR rubber show that the addition of rGO does not change its crystal structure, and 1.2 phr rGO is uniformly dispersed throughout the rubber composite. As more rGO is added, the mechanical properties of the rGO rubber cover joint first improve and then worsen. With the addition of 1.2 phr, the cross-linking density increases by 80.6%, the tensile strength of the rubber composites increases by 49.7%, the elongation at break increases by 23.6%, and the adhesion strength increases by 12.4%. The tensile strength of the rGO rubber cover joint can still maintain 72.5% of its pre-thermal aging value. The wear resistance and thermal conductivity increase as more phr is added. When 3.0 phr is added, the wear resistance of the rubber composites increases by 32.9%, the thermal conductivity increases by 118.8%, and the temperature difference at the completion of vulcanization decreases from 4.5 °C to 1.8 °C. The results show that when 1.2 phr of rGO is added, the rubber conveyor belt joint obtains the best comprehensive performance. These enhanced comprehensive properties allow for the practical application of rGO nanomaterials to conveyor belt rubber.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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