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This contrastive corpus-based study aims to analyze the similarities and differences of two synonyms "important" and "significant" concerning on the degree of formality in their distribution across genres as well as their collocations and semantic preference. The corpus data derived from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the British National Corpus (BNC) which represent varieties of English usage across different cultures (American and British). This study analyzed the top 20 noun collocates with Mutual Information (MI) scores value of at least three. The corpus data from COCA and BNC explored some shared characteristics and contrastive features. The findings discovered that the two adjectives have the same core meaning and degree of formality since their highest frequency in academic texts whereas frequencies are the lowest in informal genres i.e. TV and movie subtitles and fiction. In certain conditions, these synonyms are different in terms of noun collocation due to the fact that these synonyms co-occur with particular noun collocates. Interestingly, the findings also confirm two adjectives are near synonyms as they share only two similar theme of semantic preference. In consequence, the two synonyms cannot be used interchangeably in all contexts. Moreover, it was found that the corpora provide some useful details that are deficient in the dictionary.

This article presents the life story of "Profile." The story is based on an ethnographic case study that aimed to understand the viewpoints of Profile's new writers and reviewers regarding the role of scientific journals in fostering communities in the knowledge society. To gather information, I relied on personal reflections from my experience as the creator and editor of the journal, along with documentary evidence (published issues, regularly collected statistics, editorial workflows, and communications with editorial teams and various bodies of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, which funds the publication). The story illustrates the inception, development, and primary challenges that need to be addressed to ensure its continuity.

Fuel moisture content (FMC) is important for the ignitability, behaviour and severity of wildfires. Understanding the drivers of FMC and its spatial and temporal variability can help us develop fuel moisture models and inform assessments of wildfire behaviour and danger. Here we present the first United Kingdom (UK) national-scale temperate FMC dataset of 8,057 samples of eighteen different fuel constituents collected across 58 sampling sites between 2021–2023. We sampled fuels across emerging fire-prone ecosystems in the UK across three studies: (1) UK-wide longer-term sampling characterising the spatio-temporal drivers of FMC; (2) landscape-scale measurement through the North Yorkshire Moors to investigate landscape-driven variability in FMC; (3) plot-scale intensive sampling in the West Midlands to quantify diurnal patterns and among-sampler variability in fuel measurements. This database addresses a global fuel moisture measurement gap within traditionally non-fire prone regions. The database will advance our understanding of temperate fuel moisture dynamics and forms a fundamental contribution towards the development of a fire danger rating system for traditionally non-fire prone regions such as the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: The value of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy (LGIE; colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy) relates to its ability to detect clinically relevant findings, predominantly cancers, preneoplastic polyps or inflammatory bowel disease. There are concerns that many LGIEs are performed on low‐risk patients with limited benefit. Aims: To determine the diagnostic outcomes of LGIE for common symptoms. Methods: We performed a cross‐sectional study of diagnostic LGIE between March 2019 and February 2020 using the UK National Endoscopy Database. We used mixed‐effects logistic regression models, incorporating random (endoscopist) and fixed (symptoms, patient age, and sex) effects upon two dependent variables (large polyp [≥10 mm] and cancer diagnosis). Adjusted positive predictive values (aPPVs) were calculated. Results: We analysed 384,510 LGIEs; 33.2% were performed on patients aged under 50 and 53.6% on women. Regarding colonoscopies, the unadjusted PPV for cancer was 1.5% (95% CI: 1.4–1.5); higher for men than women (1.9% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.01). The PPV for large polyps was 3.2% (95% CI: 3.1–3.2). The highest colonoscopy cancer aPPVs were in the over 50s (1.9%) and in those with rectal bleeding (2.5%) or anaemia (2.1%). Cancer aPPVs for other symptoms were <1% despite representing 54.3% of activity. In patients under 50, aPPVs were 0.4% for cancer and 1.6% for large polyps. Results were similar for sigmoidoscopy. Conclusions: Most colonoscopies were performed on patients with low‐risk symptoms, where cancer risk was similar to the general population. Cancer and large polyp yield was highest in elderly patients with rectal bleeding or anaemia, although still fell short of FIT‐based screening yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to present a bibliometric overview of the academic research on export performance (EP) in the business and management areas. Design/methodology/approach: A bibliometric overview of 1,463 papers from 1968 to 2021, including performance analysis, science mapping analysis and graphical mapping, was conducted using the Scopus database. SciMAT software was used for thematic analysis and conceptual evolution mapping of the EP domain, and VOSviewer software was used for graphical visualization. Findings: This study shows that EP research experienced spectacular growth, especially between 1998 and 2003, and the interest in this field continues to increase. Also, the USA and the UK appear to be the absolute leaders in EP research, with the best indicators of productivity and influence in all dimensions analyzed. The findings from the analysis through SciMAT indicate that "capabilities" and "R&D" are the main Motor themes that have contributed the most to the EP literature, whereas "global value chain" and "start-up" are emerging themes as new areas of interest. Research limitations/implications: This study develops a baseline for representing certain and exhaustive insights in the EP field and specifies trends over a period. Using a single database and excluding book chapters/conference papers are limitations of this study. Originality/value: EP is a research field that has gained wide acceptance in the academic community and international marketing literature. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no bibliometric overview has analyzed the EP literature. This study presents the first systematic quantitative analysis of academic research on EP in the business and management areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Systematic reviews are viewed as the best study design to guide clinical decision-making as they are the least biased publications assuming they are well-conducted and include well-designed studies. Cochrane was initiated in 1993 with an aim of conducting high-quality systematic reviews. We aimed to examine the publication rates of non-Cochrane systematic reviews (henceforth referred to simply as "systematic reviews") and Cochrane reviews produced throughout Cochrane's existence and characterize changes throughout the period. Methods: This observational study collected data on systematic reviews published between 1993 and 2022 in PubMed. Identified Cochrane reviews were linked to data from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews via their Digital Object Identifier. Systematic reviews and Cochrane reviews were analyzed separately. Two authors screened a random sample of records to validate the overall sample, providing a precision of 98%. Results: We identified 231,602 (94%) systematic reviews and 15,038 (6%) Cochrane reviews. Publication of systematic reviews has continuously increased with a median yearly increase rate of 26%, while publication of Cochrane reviews has decreased since 2015. From 1993 to 2002, Cochrane reviews constituted 35% of all systematic reviews in PubMed compared with 3.5% in 2013–2022. Systematic reviews consistently had fewer authors than Cochrane reviews, but the number of authors increased over time for both. Chinese first authors conducted 15% and 4% of systematic reviews published from 2013–2022 and 2003–2012, respectively. Most Cochrane reviews had first authors from the UK (36%). The native English-speaking countries the USA, the UK, Canada, and Australia produced a large share of systematic reviews (42%) and Cochrane reviews (62%). The largest publishers of systematic reviews in the last 10 years were gold open access journals. Conclusions: Publication of systematic reviews is increasing rapidly, while fewer Cochrane reviews have been published through the last decade. Native English-speaking countries produced a large proportion of both types of systematic reviews. Gold open access journals and Chinese first authors dominated the publication of systematic reviews for the past 10 years. More research is warranted examining why fewer Cochrane reviews are being published. Additionally, examining these systematic reviews for research waste metrics may provide a clearer picture of their utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of our study was to ensure that comparing the mineral content of the lentil and the amount of nutrients published by the world's leading organizations. The samples were randomly and subjectively selected from different retail outlets. Fifteen types of medium seed brown lentil from fifteen different distributors were obtained and analyzed for moisture, protein, Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and S content. Descriptive statistics were done and for comparisons. Shapiro–Wilk test was first conducted to assess normality. When data followed a normal distribution, T-test was used, and when not, Wilcoxon signed rank test (P-values = 0.05). The results of the measurements were compared with data from several FAO/INFOODS food composition databases, as well as the Canadian National Food Composition Database, USDA Food Data Central, United Kingdom, Australian Food Composition Database, and Indian food composition tables. The evaluation of the measurement results showed significant differences (p = 0.05) in the amount of Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, and Cu compared to the amounts listed in the world's leading databases in most cases. Our results were also examined from a dietary perspective to determine if the differences had practical significance. The results of the Canadian samples were compared with the Canadian database, there was a significant difference amount of Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, and Mn. For each discrepancy, more than the quantitative values published in the databases were measured, in the case of Ca, Mg, and Fe almost double. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A monitoring tool, named Oncology Data Management (ODM), was developed in radiotherapy to generate structured information based on data contained in an Oncology Information System (OIS). This study presents the proof-of-concept of the ODM tool and highlights its applications to enhance patient care in radiotherapy. Material & Methods: ODM is a sophisticated SQL query which extracts specific features from the Mosaiq OIS (Elekta, UK) database into an independent structured database. Data from 2016 to 2022 was extracted to enable monitoring of treatment units and evaluation of the quality of patient care. Results: A total of 25,259 treatments were extracted. Treatment machine monitoring revealed a daily 11-treatement difference between two units. ODM showed that the unit with fewer daily treatments performed more complex treatments on diverse locations. In 2019, the implementation of ODM led to the definition of quality indicators and in organizational changes that improved the quality of care. As consequences, for palliative treatments, there was an improvement in the proportion of treatments prepared within 7 calendar days between the scanner and the first treatment session (29.1% before 2020, 40.4% in 2020 and 46.4% after 2020). The study of fractionation in breast treatments exhibited decreased prescription variability after 2019, with distinct patient age categories. Bi-fractionation once a week for larynx prescriptions of 35 × 2.0 Gy achieved an overall treatment duration of 47.0 ± 3.0 calendar days in 2022. Conclusions: ODM enables data extraction from the OIS and provides quantitative tools for improving organization of a department and the quality of patient care in radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Observational studies suggest a potential association between atmospheric particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and osteoporosis, but a causal association is unclear due to the presence of confounding factors. Methods: We utilized bone mineral density indices at four specific sites to represent osteoporosis: femoral neck (FN-BMD), lumbar spine (LS-BMD), forearm (FA-BMD), and heel (HE-BMD). The PM2.5 data was obtained from the UK Biobank database, while the datasets for FN-BMD, LS-BMD, and FABMD were obtained from the GEFOS database, and the dataset for HE-BMD was obtained from the EBI database. A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using mainly the inverse variance weighted method, horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity were also assessed. Results: The results indicated that PM2.5 was not correlated with a decrease in FN-BMD (β: -0.305, 95%CI: -0.762, 0.153), LS-BMD (β: 0.134, 95%CI: -0.396, 0.666), FA-BMD (β: -0.056, 95%CI: -1.172,1.060), and HE-BMD (β: -0.084, 95% CI: -0.261,0.093). Additionally, acceptable levels of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity were observed. Conclusion: In contrast to most observational studies, our research did not discover a potential causal relationship between PM2.5 and the development of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological disorders, but information on treatment pattern is still scant. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and determinants of drug use in patients with newly diagnosed ET in France and the United Kingdom. Methods: Incident cases of ET diagnosed between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018 with 2 years of follow‐up were identified by using The Health Improvement Network (THIN®) general practice database. During the follow‐up, we assessed the daily prevalence of use and potential switches from first‐line to second‐line treatment or other lines of treatment. Logistic regression models were conducted to assess the effect of demographic and clinical characteristics on the likelihood of receiving ET treatment. Results: A total of 2957 and 3249 patients were selected in the United Kingdom and France, respectively. Among ET patients, drug use increased from 12 months to 1 month prior the date of index diagnosis (ID). After ID, nearly 40% of patients received at least one ET treatment, but during follow‐up drug use decreased and at the end of the follow‐up approximately 20% of patients were still on treatment. Among treated patients, ≤10% maintained the same treatment throughout the entire follow‐up, nearly 20% switched, and 40%–75% interrupted any treatment. Results from the multivariate analysis revealed that, both in France and the United Kingdom, patients receiving multiple concomitant therapies and affected by psychiatric conditions were more likely to receive an ET medication. Conclusion: This study shows that ET is an undertreated disease with a lower‐than‐expected number of patients receiving and maintaining pharmacological treatment. Misclassification of ET diagnosis should be acknowledged; thus, results require cautious interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]