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The article presents abstracts of papers presented to the seventh annual meeting of the Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep (APSS). The seventh annual meeting of the APSS was held at the Miramar Hotel, Santa Monica, California in April 1967. APSS was founded in 1961 for the purpose of promoting both formal and informal exchange of information among workers from various disciplines with a common interest in the psychophysiology of sleep.

This article presents a discussion on the research paper "Soviet Economic Planning," by Gregory Grossman, a professor at the University of California in Berkeley, California, published in the May 1959 issue of the journal "American Economic Review." Grossman's paper establishes a very stimulating framework for the consideration of Soviet industrial prices. However, the class of quasi-prices is an extremely large one and one should be aware that in stretching the price system to include it, "price system" has been subtly redefined to cover nearly the whole mechanism of guidance and discipline in the Soviet system and it is a mechanism that has little in common with what, price system usually means. Not that there is any objection to this, Grossman has shown well enough that there is little point in studying in the Soviet economy what is usually meant by price system. Moreover, it is important to emphasize that while price systems are consciously employed by Soviet planners as an important determinant of enterprise behavior, they constitute a clumsy class of prices in practice. The reader of Soviet planning literature finds frequent instances of quasi-prices that prompt gross irrationalities and instances where the introduction of new quasi-prices to eliminate old irrationalities simply breeds new ones.

This paper reports part of a study of social participation conducted in San Francisco in the spring of 1953. The investigation rested upon two main notions: First, that the major an individual occupies regulate the amount and nature of his participation in society. Second, that the social type of neighborhood in which an urbanite lives is an efficient indicator of his social participation and may be a significant factor in its own right in shaping his social participation. This paper is limited to an examination of the relationship between amount of formal association participation and certain of the individual status and neighborhood differences. Using the census tract scores, four census tracts were selected in San Francisco in which the study of social participation was conducted. Findings revealed that, men living in the high economic status neighborhoods belong to the greater number of associations, attend more frequently, and hold office more than men living in low economic status neighborhoods. Comparing the two high economic status neighborhoods, the low family status neighborhood contains relatively more men who belong to no formal associations, who never attend meetings if they do belong, and who do not. hold office than does the high family status neighborhood.

The article focuses on the 15th Annual National Conference on Teacher Education and Professional Standards in San Diego, California. The origin and development of the cooperative effort may have considerable historic significance. The author pointed out the need for complete reassessment of professional education of teachers. There have been many apprehensions that the cooperative venture would falter. The issues discussed in the San Diego Conference includes: (1) the certification of teachers; (2) the process of certification can serve more effectively the basic task of getting competent teachers into the classroom; and (3) incompetents can be forestalled. The papers presented in the conference are categorized as historical material, positional papers, study programs, and selected bibliography.

The article presents information on legal developments in marketing relative to the regulation of price competition. Regarding price discrimination, the article discusses Baldwin Hills Building Material Co. v. Fiberboard Paper Products Corp. as it relates to the California Federal District Court ruling on the interstate shipment of raw materials in the manufacture of wallboard under the Robinson-Patman Act. In regard to resale price maintenance, the article discusses a Supreme Court of South Dakota clarification of the State's Fair Trade Law as it relates to The House of Seagram, Inc., Seagram Distillers Co. Division v. The Assam Drug Co. and Fred Assam and Winchester-Western Division of Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp. v. Gibson Dakota, Inc..

Since World War II urban areas in the United States have experienced a gigantic expansion. A number of problems have accompanied the growth—among them are a transportation lag, urban blight, and urban sprawl. Attempts to deal with these problems continually demonstrate our need for a better understanding of the complexities of metropolitan structures. For instance, when an individual selects property in a particular residential area, what influences his choice? Certainly land prices are one of the influencing forces but what determines land values? This paper, which given results of a study conducted at The RAND Corporation under the sponsorship of the Ford Foundation describes and tests a model of residential land values in Los Angeles County. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights the Western Speech Communication Association's 42nd annual convention in Fresno, California. Pre-convention sessions; Convention and association business; Section programs; Notice of election.

This paper explores the general nature of income redistribution effects of the financing of public higher education in California. The amount of available subsidy (full cost less student charges) varies dramatically among the three higher education systems—University, State College, and Junior College. Since eligibility for the higher-subsidy institutions is positively related to family income level, and since actual attendance among those eligible increases as family income rises, the result is that the distribution of subsidies actually favors upper income families. These subsidies are then compared with total state and local taxes paid. The results show that families with children enrolled in public higher education receive positive net transfers (subsidy less taxes paid) and that these net transfers are an increasing fraction of average family money income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the steps taken by the people of California to avoid the use of two kinds of legal tender notes which came into circulation during 1890s. Prior to the issue of the legal tender notes no paper money had circulated in California. The constitution of the State expressly prohibited the creation and circulation of any instruments of credit as money. For a number of years Californians had enjoyed remarkable prosperity, and they were accustomed to find one of the causes of this prosperity in their possession of a stable medium of exchange. In the beginning of the discussion of the question raised by the appearance of the legal tender notes in California there were serious doubts as to the constitutionality of the law under which they had been issued, and for this reason many of the arguments bore directly on this point. One of the earliest objections to the use of the legal tender notes which found specific statement was based on the fact that their fluctuations in value depended upon circumstances not within the sphere of the Californian's observation.

This article focuses on the symposium "Existentialism: What It Means to Counseling," held as part of the American Personnel and Guidance Association Convention, in San Francisco, California, on March 25, 1964. The symposium discussed existentialism in counseling. The philosophy of existentialism argues the value inherent in the right and the obligation of choosing while living. Freedom with accountability results, in potential, from the developed art of choosing. A concept of such potential power deserves the careful scrutiny both of those who counsel and of those who deal with careers. The conception of this symposium is owed to Professor Dugald S. Arbuckle who for several years has advocated the value for counseling of existentialism. Furthermore, to Arbuckle is owed the suggestion that the symposium: focus on the meaning for counseling of existentialism, and simultaneously present the religious, humanist, and scientific views. The structure of the symposium places heavy responsibility on its participants. Each must in a short time simultaneously say enough about existentialism and counseling so that he may first consider the implications of existentialism for counseling and then deal with existentialism in counseling in relation to religion, humanism, or science.

Announces the winners of the 1974 Rorer awards. Recipient of the First Prize award; Cash prize for the second prize award; Research conducted by Burton H. Smith and J. Edward Berk of University of California in Irvine who were given the third prize award.

The article reports on research conducted by the University of California, Los Angeles' Institute of Industrial Relations. The Institute's Manpower Research Center was created with a grant from the U. S. Department of Labor's Manpower Administration. The Center's focus is on research, publishing, and educational programs for graduate students and others in manpower planning. The Management Programs Section offers information on collective negotiation to public school officials and administrators. Another program offers information on public sector management. The Institute's Center for Labor Research and Education collaborates with labor unions to offer scholarships.

Information about a paper on Student Personnel Problems read at the meeting of the Western Conference of the Deans of Women, at the University of California, at Los Angeles, on April 14-17, 1926 is presented. The paper was written by academician Shepherd Ivory Franz of the University of California at Los Angeles.

Since a basic objective of urban renewal is to improve housing welfare, a well conceived program of relocation for the displaced households is critical to the success of any urban renewal project. This study reports on the relocation experience of the East Stockton urban Renewal Project in Stockton, California. The experience is significant for it illustrates one of the few successful endeavors reported in a social program which is becoming increasingly important in urban areas. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to report on relocation in Stockton, and (2) to identify the ingredients in Stockton's success. Accordingly, Section I presents the total number of relocatees, their social composition, and family status. Section II presents data on family size and annual income of relocatees. Section III analyzes the impact of relocation on housing welfare of relocatees in East Stockton. Finally, Section IV identifies three factors which were most important in contributing to the success of relocation in Stockton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major reason for the sociological importance of Negro-white intermarriage is the possibility of a link between the low status of Negroes in the United States and the infrequency of such intermarriage. This paper analyzes trends in Negro-white marriage in the four states -- California, Hawaii, Michigan, and Nebraska -- which have recent data. For these states an upward trend in Negro-white marriage is shown which cannot be accounted for merely on the basis of changing racial composition. Negro-white intermarriage rates are relatively high in those areas where residential segregation by race is low and where there are minimal status differences between the white and Negro populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to attempt to show that present day paraprofessional drug milieu treatment facilities are extended drug subcultures and are not fully rehabilitating addicts. Research tends to indicate that Synanon House of California may offer its residents a protective society and a program which is not conducive to complete rehabilitation. It was also noted that ex-addicts may become part of Synanon's ex -addict social system and that the exeaddla may become emotionally dependent upon Synanon. Also, numerous clinical impressions and observations made by the writer during a graduate field work placement were noted. It was suggested that professional ex-addicts may be part of an extended drug subculture. Maintenance of the extended subculture and some of the inter- and inter personal dynamics which appear to be operating at a para- professional drug rehabilitation facility were discussed. Lastly, modifications of present day drug programs were suggested to facilitate rehabilitation. Generally, the recommendations centred around getting corn community people into the facility and getting residents out of the facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines parole agent decision processes in a pa- role bureaucracy. Legislation making all parolees eligible for discharge when they success fully completed two years of parole required agents to submit case evaluations and recommendations to the California Adult Authority for final decision. Parole agent reports were analyzed across approximately fifty information items and related to the probabilities of recommendation for discharge. Agents were found to vary widely in the types of information they choose to report and in the impact of that information on their decisions. Whether or not a particular client is discharged from parole seems to depend on circumstances of time and place rather than any overall rational assessment of his parole career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the application of a modern theory of decision-making and computer technology to the process of juvenile probation decision-making. It is based on approximately four years of research, in three phases: 1. A conceptual model of the juvenile probation process in California was developed that specified the major treatment and disposition points for probation officers. 2. A comprehensive follow-up study was made on 2,290 juveniles referred to probation departments in seven California counties. Background and personal information and complete probation records over a one-year period were gathered for each juvenile to predict what would happen to him as a result of background characteristics and what disposition-placement alternative he would receive. Two prediction criteria were used: (a) recidivism (the number of repeat offenses) and (b) behavior "improvement- deterioration" (the score on a scale that described each juvenile's behavior after the probation process as improved, staying the same, or getting worse). A conditional probability model to predict these criteria on the basis of the information variables was developed and tested. 3. Using the information and results of phase 2, an "on-line" computer system was developed to aid probation officers to make decisions and recommendations about various treatments for individual youngsters. This system allows information relevant to each youth to be combined and presented to the officer on his request. One component of this system is a Bayesian decision model, designed to reduce the uncertainty of the probation decision-maker by allowing him to select whatever disposition- treatment alternative will have the highest probability of success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the findings of a study that related a series of background and treatment variables to the likelihood of success or failure on probation for 791 California adult offenders. Thirteen variables on which the 415 probation successes and the 376 failures differed significantly were divided into three categories: social background, antisocial behavior, and conditions of probation. The greatest differences between the two groups were in the antisocial behavior category. Probationers with a past history of disciplinary problems in the military, a juvenile record, or an adult record were much more likely to fail on probation. The type of crime the failures commit (property: auto theft, check offenses, forgery) suggests elements of career offenders. In terms of social background, the failures were more likely to come from disadvantaged circumstances: lower educational level and lower socio-economic status. They are also more unstable, as reflected in a high incidence of marital instability and a greater tendency to move from job to job. Finally, certain conditions of probation, especially the ordering of restitution, were more prevalent in the case histories of the failures than of the successes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If the pattern of fertility, mortality and interregional migration exhibited by the United States population during 1950-60 were to continue in the future, the proportions of persons in the various age groups and regions would fluctuate from decade to decade. These fluctuations would become less marked with time, however, and eventually all the proportions would stabilize at certain fixed values. This collection of values may be called a stable age by region composition corresponding to the given schedule of fertility, mortality and migration. The same phenomenon may be observed when individuals move between socioeconomic categories as, for example, socioeconomic status or educational attainment levels. The substantial differences between these various situations conceal remarkable similarities. In each case the continued operation of schedules of fertility, mortality and mobility between categories may result in a stable composition. The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on the nature of these stable compositions, on the interrelation between their various components, and on their relation to the patterns of fertility, mortality and mobility which generate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Durkheim popularized the term anomie and stimulated a great deal of theoretical discussion and research. Subsequently, Srole constructed interview schedule items to measure Personal anomia, and his items have been used by a large number of investigators. Many of these researchers implicitly assumed unidimensionality while others explicitly tested for it by Gutttman scaling and factor analysis techniques. However, none of these researchers repeated Srole's latent class analysis. In this paper, representative samples of households in the Los Angeles SMSA and in a "suburban type" city responded to the anomia items as part of larger investigations. The responses were subjected to factor analysis and Guttman scaling for a test of unidimensionality, and latent class analysis as a test of scalability and typological construction. For both samples, the responses did not meet the generally accepted criterion of a "pure" Guttman scale. As a result of a principal axis factor analysis only one common factor was extracted in both samples. The Green solution was used for latent class analysis and the result was the minimum one would expect from a unidimensional set of items, or two classes--the anomic and eunomic. Major conclusions are that it cannot be assumed an item, or universe of items, will foster the same results in different universes or at different times, even under somewhat similar modes of analysis. If no tests for unidimensionality and scalability are made, gradations of the Guttman scale type appear to be contra-indicated and polarization appears to be more appropriate for the Srole items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine further the analytic utility of an urban typology recently constructed and reported in "The Social Areas of Los Angeles." After examining relevant sociological theory, empirical studies, and, most importantly, the long term social trends characteristic of the development of modern urban society, certain social factors were specified which were considered basic to the stratification and differentiation of the large city. These factors are social rank, urbanization, and segregation. They select indexes of each of these social factors, and then define types of social areas as groups of census tracts having similar configuration of scores on the three indexes. Some work has already been done testing the validity of this typology. For example, the logic by which these basic social factors were derived has been empirically verified, and the indexes used in the typology have been shown to be unidimensional measuring instruments. Some aspects of the analytic utility of the typology have been indicated.

The article presents information of various developments and happenings in the educational front as of June 1, 1943. The Office of War Information, Educational Services Division is prepared to give a variety of services to adult discussion groups and to college and university student war organizations. The Northern Division of the Pacific Sociological Society held an abbreviated session in Salem, Oregon on April 6. John C. Evans, Superintendent of Oregon State Mental Hospital, was the host for the luncheon. More than 40 people, including Governor Earl Snell, administrators of state institutions, and other state officials, attended this noon session. The American Institute of Family Relations at Los Angeles is offering a summer workshop in family life education at Mills College, Oakland, California, from June 28 to July 16. The Association of American Colleges has established a Commission on Wartime Placement of College Faculties. It is the purpose of this commission to assist faculty members whose services will not be required by their institutions to secure posts in which they may aid in the war effort.

This paper evaluates the cost-effectiveness of a specialized geriatric program in a California mental hospital by analyzing the movement of patients into, through, and out of the program. The procedure for modelling the patients' movements between states with a Markov chain is detailed and the results analyzed. First passage times, long-term trends, and stay times until death are derived as well as the associated costs the hospital must endure. Lastly, ways to simulate the effect of possible program modifications are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, a university will formulate its policies for student housing on a short-run basis, adjusting its plans for residence hall and other on-campus housing from time to time to meet expected crises in the next few years ahead. In addition, university policy making in this field has tended to center around on-campus housing, neglecting the often substantial role played-or capable of being played-by the private market. In this paper, the author proposes that a university can usefully formulate a long range policy for student housing by (1) including in its definition of the housing system all the facilities that are used for housing students, whether on or off-campus and (2) examining the trade-offs available through the use of a formal analytical model. It is proposed that a linear program provides a useful framework for examining the issues in such an expanded housing system, and an application of this proposed approach is illustrated for a campus of the University of California. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of the set theoretic model of organizations developed by Mackenzie in the study of complex market organizations. Part one briefly outlines the mathematical development of Mackenzie's model. Part two describes the organization and structure of the wood products market in Los Angeles within the framework of this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of religious experience provides an example of those strange discontinuities which seem to beset the social sciences. The present paper Is intended as a beginning of this conceptual task. There is an attempt to develop some basic sub-types and ordering dimensions for organizing the variety of experiences to which men attach religious definitions. The conceptual scheme has been informed by data from a sample of Protestant and Roman Catholic church members residing in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. These data include both quantifiable and qualitative information on the religious experiences of respondents. Where appropriate, these data will be introduced both to indicate the relative frequency of different forms of religious experience and to illustrate how people perceive such experiences. Following many previous writers, it has been suggested that the essential element characterizing religious experience, and distinguishing it from all other human experience, is some sense of contact with a supernatural agency.

Mental health legislation in California brought about radical changes in commitment procedures. This paper describes the strains mental health personnel experienced in implementing the new law and proposes ways to manage such strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1968 Stockton State Hospital, Stockton, California, decided to close its North Area facilities, which necessitated transferring six hundred geriatric psychiatric patients to other state hospitals or extramural facilities. This paper reports on a study to determine the effect of such transfers on the mortality rate of these patients. Variables studied were age, sex, race, organic or functional diagnosis, length of hospitalization, and whether the patients were ambulatory at the time of transfer. Mortality rates were significantly higher for this group-especially for the older, nonambulatory patients-than for a group of patients who had remained in their "home units." The author emphasizes the need to establish policies that keep the patients' interests firmly in mind and are cognizant of the effects of environmental change, especially on the aged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study indicates that public opinion formation tends in large part to be a product of the activation of previous experiences and attitudes. The controversy at the University of California, in Berkeley, California, over the requirement that all faculty members sign an oath affirming that they were not members of the communist party created an opportunity to study the opinion forming process in a comparatively closed environment. University students reacted to a crisis situation largely according to their group affiliations and other background characteristics. Students operating within the intellectual atmosphere of the university may react in more rational ways than the general population. Student members of underprivileged groups may be more inclined to make rational identifications between their own group and other groups under attack, an identification, which underprivileged groups outside the campus may not make. Attitudes toward academic freedom are related to the same variables, which influence attitude formation in other areas of life.

This paper explores the implications of the crime problem and suggests approaches for improving the quality of comprehensive criminal justice planning. For California, the Bureau of Criminal Statistics indicates increases in the number of reported index offenses from 250,000 to 555,000 and a 70 percent increase in the crime rate between 1960 and 1968. If the ultimate end of justice is to ensure on behalf of the public and the offenders within the system that the fairest and most effective course of action will always be selected among available alternatives, then criminal justice planning information systems will have to be organized as aids to a more rational and systematic planning and decision-making process. A study of recidivism rates can lead to a cost-effectiveness measure as a means of rationalizing the release procedure.

Presents updates on the American College of Gastroenterology and other medical societies in the U.S. as of December 12, 1955. List of college officers elected by the association; Award given by the association to Doctor Robert S. Kaplan of Los Angeles, California; Details of the 1956 Mississippi Valley Medical Society Essay Contest.

The article presents information on studies related to labor and industrial relations by research staff of the Institute of Industrial Relations at the University of California in Los Angeles, California in 1966. The research staff continues work in industrial relations and related areas such as socioeconomic problems of minority groups, unemployment and poverty. Benjamin Aaron is conducting a study that will focus on labor-court systems in England, France, Germany, Italy and Sweden and private labor arbitration in the U.S. Irving Bernstein continues his work on the second volume of "A History of the American Workers As a Successor to the Lean Years." Paul Prasow and Fred Massarik are involved in a research project on automated and non-automated job patterns of skilled workers in the aircraft industry in Los Angeles, California.

This article reports that in People v. Lombard (California 1933) 21 P. (2d) 955, the defendants, Lombard and Snyder, were convicted of an attempt to kidnap for the purpose of extortion. Dow, a feigned accomplice in the transaction, had informed the police of the defendants' intentions to kidnap someone in the city of Redlands. As the car neared San Bernardino on the return trip, the police recovered scraps of paper which had been thrown from the defendants' car. The scraps proved to be an extortion note written by Lombard. Some few minutes thereafter, the arrest was made. In the car, which was owned by the informer Dow, were found a ball of twine, two sheets, two pillow cases, and the paper pad which had been used in writing the extortion note. At the trial Dow's testimony revealed the details of the kidnapping plans. The evidence was sufficient to warrant the conviction. The courts are in substantial agreement that to constitute an attempt to commit a crime there must be an intent, followed by an overt act, or acts, tending, but failing to accomplish it.

The article reports that the Food Research Institute of Stanford University has begun publication of a new journal, Food Research Institute Studies. This publication will contain articles by staff members reflecting their current research interests. It will be published three times a year, in February, May and September. Subscriptions and inquiries may be sent to the Food Research Institute, Stanford University, California. Among other such publications, the Staff Studies of the International Monetary Fund and the Occasional Papers of the National Bureau of Economic Research have demonstrated that there is a wealth of useful original material in the files of the research agencies and bureaus, great and small, which may be reported only after some delay in papers presented at professional society meetings or in journal articles or books, or which may never be made available to other workers. Publication of staff studies, periodically or occasionally, helps to make this material more generally available.

The article presents various announcements of several societies in the U.S. The 10th national meeting of the Operations Research Society of America will be held in San Francisco, California on November 15-16, 1956. The Johns Hopkins University will award the third annual Lanchester Prize of $1000 for the best operations-research paper published in calendar year 1956. The council of the Operations Research Society of America has agreed to underwrite the publication of a series of independent bound volumes called Operations-Research Monographs.

In a previous issue of the "American Sociological Review," the writer demonstrated the positive correlation between the relative economic status of various areas in Los Angeles, California, and the avenge denominational per capita wealth of churches located in the areas. Two tentative conclusions were drawn from this relationship, Protestantism. It was discovered further that the distribution of Los Angeles Protestant churches did not correspond to the distribution of population. In Los Angeles, the lower the economic status of an area, in general, the more churches there were per capita. It was suggested that this distribution, if not atypical, might be yet another manifestation of the operation of economic class considerations in American Protestantism. In the above-described study one important question remained unanswered: To what extent were the data in Los Angeles unique and therefore unreliable for generalization? This question is answered in part by the present paper, which is a report of a study of Indianapolis churches.

The article presents information on annual convention of the Jungian Societies of California. The Society of Jungian Analysts of Northern California and the Society of Analytical Psychology of Southern California have been holding annual conventions since 1953. The problem of how to establish minimum standards for accepting and training analysts appears to have been the dominant motive in holding conventions and considerable progress has been made. Collaboration between societies and integration of their training and examination methods are going well ahead. Each society has alternately acted as host, taking charge of organizing the lecture programme and entertainments.

This paper presents an empirical investigation of the importance of risk in decisions. The adaptive expectations geometric lag model is generalized by geometrically including quadratic lag terms indicative of risk. The computation of consistent estimators is described, and the model is applied in the analysis of California field-crop supply response. Results indicate that the effects of stabilization (possibly associated with government programs) might have seriously offset the acreage-reducing effects of voluntary acreage restrictions. Finally, more general implication relating to reduced-form estimation of the standard Nerlovian model are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a chronology of labor events in the United States recent to October 1966. Senate confirmation of the President's renomination of Gerald A. Brown to the National Labor Relations Board; Victory of the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee, AFL-CIO, over the Teamsters 530 to 331 in a bid to represent grape pickers at two Di Giorgio Corp. ranches in California; Swearing in of Stephen N. Shulman as chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

The 1961 American Association for Public Opinion Research Conference was held during May 3-6, 1961 at the Hotel Claremont in Berkeley, California, as of September 1, 1961. The recently formed Pacific Chapter of the Association was responsible for local arrangements and played host at meetings. Ten formal sessions and six round-table meetings were held, in addition to an opening session. There was the awarding of the Julian L. Woodward Award to The Fund for the Republic. The abstracts presented in the September 1, 1961 issue of the periodical "Public Opinion Quarterly" of the papers given at formal sessions were prepared by their authors. Round-table discussion summaries were prepared by session chairmen or individuals appointed by the chairmen. A résumé of the business meeting is appended. The author, also an editor, wishes to thank Howard Mandel, general chairman of round-table sessions, and all session chairmen and speakers for their aid in the preparation of the report.

Through a critical scrutiny of sociological research in various policy areas, a 1972 conference of seventy persons met in Carmel, California from December 6 to 9, 1972, to post some new directions for graduate training in sociology. Organized by the American Sociological Association, the conference brought U.S. sociologists and other social scientist for an intensive three day meeting. The conference was designed to focus on two major changes that loom before the discipline. The first involve new patterns of federal funding for research and training and the second concerns the increasing emphasis on the need to provide rigorous and responsible social scientific contributions to social policy. To sharpen the discussion on such issues, the Conference Committee arrange for 15 persons to volunteer to prepare special papers that were organize into five general conference seminars. Each author took a given policy area, selected a piece of sociological research and evaluated the work for its policy implications and impact.

The article comments on the progressive and the working class vote in California. Progressivism was a middle class movement, and while its leaders might strive to remedy the crassest abuses of industrial society, they were as fearful of concentrated labor power as of unregulated monopoly capitalism. In their zeal for moral reform and efficiency, they were often thrown into conflict with labor and immigrant-dominated political machines in cities. The interpretation that represents Progressivism as a political move by a disaffected middle class, as reformers frightened by the power of monopolistic corporations and fearful of organized labor, rests upon inferences drawn from public statements and, in a few instances, private thoughts of a leadership elite. Few attempts have been made to examine the other side of the coin and determine the response of labor leaders and the labor press. The conclusion that Progressivism was a middle-class movement has not been adequately tested against the voting records of metropolitan areas. It is the hypothesis of this paper that leaders of organized labor in California strongly endorsed Progressivism and that, though Progressivism was originally sustained by middle- and upper-class voters.

The article presents a brief history of the founding and the early years of the California Council of Geography Teachers, established in 1946 and has been functional for eighteen years. In this report, the author indicated those person whose contribution have been significant to the organization. Also, the paper provide a summary of activities in order to provide basis which could be useful to charting the future course of the organization.

This article focuses on the establishment of the Association for Professional Law Enforcement. The organization was created in the fall of 1952 by members of the Los Angeles Police Department in California. The fact that it started as a strictly grass roots movement leads one to believe that the idea developed in the minds of the police officers as a spontaneous, inwardly motivated action. No person or persons in high authority ordered its creation, no one even suggested it. The desire was there, and it became mandatory to give substance and form to the thought. During the months of 1951 and 1952 a group of police officers of the Los Angeles Police Department, less than 30 in number, met from time to time in an informal manner. The topic of discussion centered mainly around the desire of this particular group to identify itself with an established organization purporting to work for the elevation of police service standards. Each member had a sincere desire to contribute personally in some way to the over-all problem of raising the standards of law enforcement. The group verbalized some of its thinking on paper and as a consequence, a charter setting up a formal organization was created. On November 13, 1952, 35 police officers, from the ranks of captain, lieutenant, sergeant and patrolman, met at luncheon at the Los Angeles Police Academy and affixed their signatures to a document establishing the Association for Professional Law Enforcement. Analysis of the objectives reveals that two principal areas of action are emphasized. First, the desire for greater understanding between the police and the public, in other words, better communications. Secondly, the need for the development of the accoutrements of professionalism such as pre-education and post-entry training, an organized body of knowledge and a cogent code of ethics, without which, no field of human endeavor can achieve a professional status.

The article presents news and notes related to criminology. One brief focuses on the state and provincial police study. Volumes have been written on various phases of the subject and articles have appeared from time to time. But no thorough, factual, cross-country picture of state and provincial policing has yet appeared. Such a situation led the International Association of Chiefs of Police to begin early in 1938 an intensive study of the situation. The actual research and preparation of a report of findings became the responsibility of the Safety Division of that organization under the direction of its State and Provincial Section. Another brief informs that probably the most active committee on Juvenile Crime Prevention in the United States is that of the California Bar Association. It has encouraged a score of local bar associations throughout the State, cooperated with school authorities, and served Parent- Teacher Associations in presenting its "legal guidance" program. A yet another brief informs that a composite picture of the average American prison inmate was painted by John C. Burke, warden, Wisconsin State Prison, in a paper read October 23 before a conference of the National Probation Association in session at Cincinnati, Ohio.

The article cites a study which examines the frequency of error obtain in a test. The purpose of the study was to find out how often errors exist in various combinations and how the combinations organized. The study was based on the data collected by the researchers in the grammar schools in San Jose California regarding the reliability of the standard score as a measure of additional ability. The errors of the 238 papers coming from the students in the investigation was studied and analyzed. Tabulation method was used in the listing of error. The result indicates that there was an erratic distribution in one or two distributions and that the number of errors increases as the number of combination increases.

The article presents information about the office of Public Defender of Los Angeles County, California. The information presented here has been derived from a paper that was read by deputy public defender Frederick H. Vercoe of the Southern California Academy of Criminology and the interview with public defender Wm. F. Aggeler. The Los Angeles County Charter created the office and the Legislature ratified it in 1913.

The usefulness of any human institution depends on the degree to which it is socialized. The juvenile court movement represents to a remarkable extent the way in which such an ancient legal institution as court procedure may be animated by the spirit of humanism. Courts, for thousands of years, have been rendering decisions, but until the juvenile court with its clinics, its staff of experts, doctors, psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers was established no one ever traced the actual result of a court decision in terms of human values. What becomes of the lives of individuals upon whom the courts pass judgment? What sum total of end-results have we accumulated ? No one knows. But the juvenile court is conceived in the spirit of the clinic; it is a kind of laboratory of human behavior. How this result is achieved by a procedure that is socialized this paper will try to explain. For illustration of the statutory law on which the juvenile court is based, California will be chosen as an example.

Comments on the required debating for every pupil in Los Angeles High School. Importance of instruction in public speaking among students; Selection of teachers who will teach about public speaking; Exact order of the subject-matter and the topics to be discussed.