Search

The article presents information based on a report investigating on the metabolism of new scientific information. To investigate the metabolism of new scientific information, questionnaires were sent to the authors of 463 papers presented or read by title at two important meetings for cardiovascular and endocrine research workers. Information is one of the vital nutrients of research. Its digestion, absorption and assimilation by the scientific community may be likened to the metabolism of food by the human body. One of the most powerful modern tools for studying biological metabolism is the use of tracers or tagged substances that undergo the various metabolic changes of foodstuffs in the body but, unlike the bulk of such material, can be identified at any desired stage in the sequence of transformation and analyzed to determine what changes in composition are occurring and how efficiently conversion is proceeding.

This article report on an attempt to investigate, by questionnaires given to college and high-school students, the hypothesis that the emergence of a "post-modern mind," is being witnessed characterized by world-outlook, different from those held in previous stages of Western society and more particularly. The article intends to investigate whether the religious attitudes suggested as characteristic of the "post-modern mind" do in fact exist. According to a hypothesis, the development of Western society has gone through various stages and that these are associated with distinctive "minds". These "minds" depend, basically, on differing ways of approaching or defining reality. They then pattern the institutional and cultural forms of a given stage of development. The hypothesis also holds, that people in mid-twentieth century are witnessing a change similar in import to the change around 1650, namely, the emergence of a new "mind", radically different in approach from the "modern mind" and already viewing the "obvious" notion of reality previously held as something antiquated and alien.

This article reports on the convention of the American Sociological Association. The article further refers to a sociologist who is so much a part of normal society that today one of the stores is tendering a fashion show for his wife to indicate her status equal to the wife of doctor, politician or any other example of social adjustment to be found at a convention in New York. According to the author, the paper presented at the convention can only represent a tiny sample of all the chaff that is annually struck up by this vast communal threshing crew. People owe many of these papers to the broad tolerance of the American academic community which apparently approved and even financed them without one man in a supervisory position having the discourtesy to suggest that the matter under study was self-evident. There seems also to be developing a sociology within sociology which promises much. Its best sample is a paper which indicates that persons who fail to answer sociological questionnaires by mail come from homes where their parents habitually beat them.

Summary T his article is a report of the eighth in a series of studies designed to discover some of the variables related to organizational effectiveness (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8)2. Questionnaires containing groups of relatively homogeneous items hypothesized to have some relation to organizational effectiveness have been administered to individuals within subunits of various organizations. These variables have been analyzed against ratings of effectiveness and several types of objective criteria to determine if individuals in the 'better' subunits respond to the items differently from those in the 'less effective' subunits. In this study, questionnaires were administered to 213 workers, 244 supervisors, and 29 foremen at the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, California Division, Burbank, California. Two previous articles have described the results from the worker and supervisor survey (4, 5). The present report is concerned with the foremen, each of whom headed one of the 29 departments surveyed. Four criterion measures pertinent to the effectiveness of these departments were obtained: two quality control indices, a measure of quantity of production based upon per cent realization of engineered time standards, and a rating by a staff executive of over-all department effectiveness. Responses to the questionnaire dimensions were correlated, by means of the epsilonc technique, with each of the four criterion measures. Results from the analysis of foremen questionnaires against the criteria are summarized below: 1. Only two significant correlations occurred with the two quality control criteria. Since this is about the number of significant correlations one would expect from chance alone, no great weight is placed upon their occurrence. 2. Six significant correlations were obtained between the dimensions and the production criterion: Adequate Authority, Attitude Toward Paper Work, Backing Up Decisions, Job Security Consciousness, Non-Hypercritical Attitude Toward Subordinates, and Urgency. 3. With the rating criterion, the only significant dimension was Feeling About the Company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary focus of this paper was the effect of divergent assumption of personal responsibility for positive and negative events (I + and I -) upon influence exerted by communication, 3 independent samples comprising 341 fourth- and sixth-grade children, who were administered the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility (lAR) Questionnaire and were classified as having unbalanced (I + ≷ -) or balanced (I + = I -) belief patterns, were presented either a narrated or nonnarrated short film. How the children viewed and judged the content of the film (measured by a Likert-type scale) represented the index of information-generated influence. Results indicated children with unbalanced patterns were more easily influenced, with the amount of influence relatively constant across the 2 conditions of directness of communication. Subjects with balanced patterns, while less influenced, experienced some increase when communication was more direct. Simple linear relationships between overall expectancy for control and influence were absent, suggesting some complexity of the locus-of-control variable to be researched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article constructs a Terminators-Remainers scale composed of those items of the Social History Questionnaire that best differentiated between Terminators and Remainers. A formidable problem encountered in clinical practice concerns the large number of clients who start psychotherapy but for various reasons terminate treatment prematurely. The initial sample of this study consisted of 95 clients accepted for psychotherapy during a 11-month period at a small mental health clinic. The measure used was the Social History Questionnaire, a 393-item, forced-choice, pencil-and-paper intake interview.

Summary and Conclusions E vidence is presented on the validity of a widely used but little studied personnel selection instrument-the employment recommendation questionnaire (ERQ). This device obtains judgments and information by mail from persons familiar with the applicant. The ERQ's studied were objectively scored, and the score for each applicant was the average of his scores from all respondents reporting on him. Validity was studied for 12 skilled jobs against the criterion of performance ratings, and for three professional jobs against the results from intensive field investigations. Results show that ERQ's for the trades positions had practically no value in predicting later supervisory ratings. Evaluations by references on the applicant's character manifested slightly higher validity than did those on occupational ability, although the correlations varied considerably from job to job. For certain jobs both of these ratings showed sufficient promise to warrant their inclusion as items in a group of other predictors. Item discrimination in general was very poor, with the possible exception of judgments on the applicant's special qualifications for the particular branch of the trade for which he was applying. This latter item, however, showed no validity. It should be noted that these results have been obtained for the conventional type of ERQ item, scored objectively according to 'face value,' and combined on an average-respondent basis. No provision was made for possible inter-respondent differences in validity. (This will be the subject of a later paper,) Consequently, these findings do not reject the possibility of developing empirically a more effective ERQ built around other types of items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary I n this paper it initially is pointed out that varying types of questions included within job satisfaction surveys often are interpreted as being equivalent; that is, as giving some measure of satisfaction-dissatisfaction. A modification is proposed which not only would overcome that difficulty, but would give some insight into reasons behind evaluations. A questionnaire incorporating this modification, and used in a survey of union member attitudes about their union organization, is described. The following conclusions were derived: (1) The danger of interpreting varying types of questions as providing a measure of satisfaction-dissatisfaction was demonstrated. (2) The proposed modification provided insight into the reasons behind satisfaction-dissatisfaction. (3) Differing statistical treatment of the data produced no significant differences in interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the differences in responses to paper and pencil attitude questionnaire distributed to two groups of individuals. The study investigates the groups wherein the respondents in one group remained anonymous while the respondents in the second group were identified. The study concludes that similar responses and mean scores were obtained for individuals which were influenced by the fact that the questionnaires were distributed by the staff of a university organization.

One of the few consistent findings regarding job satisfaction is that it is inversely related to turnover and absenteeism rates (Vroom, 1964). This fact should make job satisfaction a good tool for the manager to use in taking preventative action. However, while this overall relationship has been noted, the operational specifics which the manager needs for action are not clear. This paper will examine three questions to aid in making this relationship between job satisfaction and turnover operational to managerial decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the items in the questionnaire by William Lovett, secretary of the Chartist General Convention, aimed at discovering the major economic, political and social matters affecting the working class in Great Britain. The answers to such a series of questions, with the comments of the local Chartist and Radical organizers, would provide a very considerable and useful body of information on the problems and grievances of the working classes and thus aid the central Chartist organization in its attempts to agitate the country. There is, however, no evidence to show that the Chartist Convention made any use of the information, beyond the general knowledge which it gave that body of the state of the working classes throughout the country. It may be that insufficient local associations completed the questionnaires to justify the drawing of conclusions, as is suggested by the fact that among the papers of the Convention there are collected together returns from only a few associations.

This paper summarizes the responses of 256 women to a questionnaire which focused on their recent experiences in the process of moving with their families. These women see the role of the wife-mother as central in the moving process. Typically they are happy with the new community and with the personality changes which have occurred as a result of their moving experiences. Indications of strain vary with the stage in the moving process and individual characteristics. A number of factors which facilitate the adjustment of the wife-mother are revealed in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major focus of this paper was on the implications of recent changes in social-sexual practices on marriage rates. Questionnaire data on interpersonal feelings and social background variables were obtained from 31 going-together couples and 18 living-together couples, all of whom were, of course, unmarried. It was found that the going-together couples held traditional orientations toward each other with commitment to marriage forming a strong part of this orientation. The living-together couples appeared to come to their arrangement with varied expectations. The living-together women appeared to desire security in marriage, whereas the men indicated that the arrangement was more likely to be an alternative to marriage. Of further interest was the finding that going-together couples evidenced greater reciprocity of other important feelings than that found for living-together couples. The effects on marriage rates for living-together couples were seen to depend upon which of the partner's positions prevailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on the picture-associated method and its application in a study of reactions to frustration. The picture-association method, which it is one purpose of this paper to introduce, stands midway in design between the word-association and the thematic apperception techniques. The picture-association method lends itself to a variety of uses. The characters portrayed may obviously vary in sex, age, and other characteristics to suit the particular purpose of a given study. The contents of the social situations may similarly be adapted to whatever psychological interest is relevant. Since the test is so like a game, children as well as adults may readily serve as subjects. Finally, the pictures can be conveniently reproduced in leaflets similar to those employed for the personality questionnaire so that both group and individual administration are practicable. While the projective techniques represent the contribution of psychoanalysis to clinical tests of personality, recent studies of frustration may be largely reckoned as its experimental contribution. Earlier efforts of the present writer in the experimental study of frustration have been summarized in the article.

This paper studies the efficacy of the Pain Apperception Test as a research tool by investigating the consistency of individual response as to pain apperception, neuroticism, manifest anxiety, and self-appraisal. The research design involved the PAT, a medical questionnaire, Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, and a pain experience questionnaire. Data from responses to these instruments permitted studying the relationship of pain apperception to personality characteristics, and to subjects' ratings of their comparative past pain experience. Relationships also were examined regarding the comparative apperception of pain in the counterpart PAT pictures, thus investigating Anticipation versus Felt-Sensation.

This article focuses on public opinion and information concerning mental health. In order to study certain opinions related to mental illness, an interview questionnaire was constructed which contained nine basic questions pertaining to the problem. These questions were designed to explore the causative factors which the public associates with mental disease, and to sample opinions and attitudes concerning mental illness. In addition, several questions were asked in order to determine the sex, race, age, educational level, religious affiliation, country of birth and occupational level of the respondent. The final draft of the questionnaire was established after pre-testing on preliminary forms. None of the data collected before the final draft is included in this report. This paper reports the findings obtained from six of the nine questions.

This paper discusses the accuracy of role definition on the part of individuals in dating situations. Data are based upon the responses of 417 college students to questionnaires. It was found that both males and females misread the sexual expectations of members of the opposite sex, and both always do so in the direction of increased permissiveness. A tentative suggestion is made that such inaccuracy in role definition will result in sexual standards being liberalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry performance is a multidimensional concept. Among its salient dimensions are allocative efficiency, distributive equity, and technological progressiveness. To test the extent of industry performance evaluation agreement among a sizeable and diverse panel of expert judges was one major objective of the experiment reported in this paper. Disagreement may arise because panelists differ in their evaluations of industries sub-dimension performance or in the weighting scheme they use to compress sub-dimension evaluations into a single overall performance measure. A mail survey proved simplest and least costly. One hundred and fifty questionnaires were mailed to business and industrial organization specialists in the United States. The questionnaire consisted of five parts. The first four parts asked for subjective sub-dimension evaluations. The "product pricing" sub-dimension referred to industries' success in satisfying the demands of all consumers willing to pay the cost of additional output, while foregoing profits not needed to call forth their productive effort. The "cost minimization" sub-dimension referred to each industry's effectiveness in increasing productivity, avoiding wasteful work practices and staffing, building efficient size plants, and locating its plants most efficiently.

The article presents a questionnaire which aimed to evaluate trout angling potentials of fishing waters in Scotland. The paper served as an initial sifting process and was formulated base on some suggestions to increase the number of trouts for fishing by a countrywide survey of possible inlets. Some questions might appear irrelevant to the problem of assessing a trout fishery, however, the wash-in of organic matter and fertilizing chemicals around the land affected aquatic animals.

The present paper is the last in a series of three, all of which deal with premarital sexual intimacy compared cross-culturally. The cultures involved are an Intermountain area of the United States, which is predominantly Mormon and is relatively conservative or restrictive in its sexual outlook; a Midwestern section of the United States, which may be regarded as somewhat typical of the country as a whole; and Denmark, which, like the rest of Scandinavia, is relatively liberal or permissive in its sex norms. The two previous reports, by means of several statistical measures, demonstrated the sexual restrictiveness of the Intermountain culture and the sexual permissiveness of the Danish culture, as was originally hypothesized. Questionnaires were carefully constructed, translated into Danish, pretested several times on both sides of the Atlantic, revised on the basis of the pretests, and then administered during the spring of 1958 to classes in three universities selected from the three cultures under study.

This article presents a study which was undertaken to determine whether the advantages of the standardized interview in terms of the reliability of the data obtained are sufficient to warrant its use in research studies concerned with family behavior. Traditionally, in studies concerned with family behavior which have not purported intensive personality analyses, three general approaches have been utilized in the collection of data: i.e., questionnaires, interviews, and observation. For the purposes of obtaining relatively impersonal information, the questionnaire method yields data of sufficient reliability to warrant its use; however, there is little empirical evidence concerning the relationship between the method of data collection and the reliability of responses obtained in studies of family behavior. The interview has been uncritically accepted as a "perfect instrument" while the reliability and validity of paper-and-pencil tests have been critically checked. It is surprising that very few studies have been performed to find out the best method for obtaining reliable information.

This paper explores the life insurance company-mutual fund combination movement. Three organizational forms of entry are examined and hypotheses are developed to determine if insurers entering the mutual fund field have characteristics that are systematically associated with form of entry. Questionnaire data and selected quantitative characteristics related to entrants' size, underwriting, and investment management are utilized to test the organizational form hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a proposal that job satisfaction of an employee should be interpreted using a general satisfaction index. It states that many studies on the issue are conducted through the administration of a questionnaire to employees involved. It cites various criteria used in administering questionnaires including job termination, wages and turnover using different approaches such as an interview, a projective test or a questionnaire. It mentions a study on the job satisfaction among life insurance agents who were asked to check items that correspond to their job satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

The article focuses on job analysis as technique to obtain job information that was used for personnel administration's field operation. It mentions the two classifications of jobs in industry such as job analysis for the development of information for personnel operations, and method analysis and time and motion study for the purpose of engineering. It says that the two classifications have different techniques, wherein experience, training , and qualifications of job analyst differs from time-motion-methods analyst. It states that the process of job analysis for small and big organization is the same, which uses questionnaires, observational approaches, and interviews.

The article presents a study on the attitude of Canadian students toward parenthood. The data for the study was collected from student sample in French and English Canada during the winter of 1967-68 using an anonymous questionnaire technique. English sample members favored the use of birth control more than the members of French sample. English members had more egalitarian attitude towards division of parenthood responsibilities and disciplining children than the French members. English members were also more tolerant toward divorce than French members.

This study was designed to examine and compare campus values in mate selections from 1939 to 1967. A replication of previous research done in 1939 by Hill and in 1956 by McGinnis was undertaken in 1967 by sending a questionnaire concerned with factors in mate selection to a random sample of students on four college campuses. From the findings it was concluded that the current college population has not departed significantly from values in mate selection held a generation ago. In fact, responses indicate a remarkable degree of consistency between the values voiced by the two generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a research designed to investigate scar-trauma hypothesis in psychotherapy. Subjects used in the study were simply the last 50 persons whom the author tested in the course of his professional duties. They were all adults, with an age range from 17 to 61, and were distributed by sex and source. For the last 21 subjects of the original Tree Scar experiment the author introduced an additional item into the questionnaire. The question asked a client about the best single thing that ever happened to him in his whole life.

The article presents a survey by R.C. Skinner and suggests that the most surprising aspect of accounting methods revealed by a survey of pricing procedures on Merseyside was the widespread use of variable costing. The firms were asked whether they had analyzed their costs into fixed and variable elements, and if so, whether they normally made any use of the distinction in setting selling prices. Seventy-three per cent (122 out of 166) of the respondents said they had made the distinction, and of these, 69 per cent used it in price-determination. It was pointed out that the findings on variable (or direct or marginal) costing are out of line with the results of other British investigations. According to Skinner, as understood by accountants, variable (or direct or marginal) costing means the analysis of costs into fixed and variable elements, and the use of the distinction, primarily, to predict the effects on costs of changes in sales (or production) volume. If one accepts this narrow definition of variable (or direct or marginal) costing then one could argue, as Skinner appears to, that any firm making a distinction between fixed and variable costs is employing variable (or direct or marginal) costing. Skinner's definition has been compared with various other definitions and an alternative interpretation is also presented. Seventy-three per cent of the firms who completed Skinner's questionnaire analyzed their costs into fixed and variable elements, and 69 per cent of these used the distinction in price-determination; but this fact cannot be interpreted as evidence of the widespread use of variable (or direct or marginal costing).

This paper consists of an account of an enquiry into the methods and procedures used in industry for the evaluation and control of Research and Development (R&D) carried out by the R&D Research Unit at the Manchester Business School. A great deal of material has been published recently on the evaluation and control of R&D, some of it being accounts of how it is carried out in a given organization and some being outlines of possible evaluation models and techniques. However, this literature gives little indication as to how widely used are the techniques described. The most recent large-scale survey in Britain to discover the evaluation techniques which were in use at the time was the 1959/60 Federation of British Industries survey amongst its members, published in 1960 under the title of "Research in Manufacturing Industry." It was considered valuable by the R&D Research Unit to organize a survey to gain some indication of the evaluation and control procedures at present in use: first to gain knowledge of the current situation and secondly as an indication to where research into methods and procedures could be of most practical use. A questionnaire survey, supplemented by some personal visits and a certain amount of correspondence was considered the best way to obtain the required information.

The article discusses an approach to teaching facts and attitudes in the junior high school about the human life span. The community's perceptions and attitudes towards the subject matter should be well understood in order to attain a good teaching approach. It is better to interact to with the parents' idea and decisions over the school's teaching facts and attitudes on human life span to create a clearer understanding by the children. By meticulously selecting certain facts and passing it on the students, it will definitely create a sufficient knowledge suited to their preferences and inquiries.

The article discusses investors' usage of corporate accounting data which includes balance sheets, income statements, and funds statements. The changes in the market price of common stocks are analyzed to determine the type of published accounting data that is used by investors. This is done through interviewing, questionnaires, simulations, and empirical evidence. Also discussed is whether or not investors use the data published to make investment decisions, whether or not investors use back dated accounting data, and if the information in quarterly reports is more informative than that contained in annual reports.

This article presents a list of papers related to endodontics. Some of the papers are "Culturing root canals by endodontic diplomates: a report based on a questionnaire" by Arthur J. Lane and Louis I. Grossman, "Advances in biology of the human dental pulp" by Samuel Seltzer, "Human pulp capping with isobutyl cyanoacrylate" by S. N. Bhaskar, J. D. Beasley, J. P. Ward and D. E. Cutright and "Responses to pulpotomy wounds in normal human teeth to successively applied Ledermix and Caixyl" by M. Ulmansky, J. Sela. M. Langer and A. Yaari.

This article reports on the meeting sessions of the Committee on Marriage and Family Life in the Schools as part of the National Conference on Family Relations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on April 7 and 8, 1946. Over fifty persons attended the morning session, with a registration for the day of seventy-five persons. Of this number over one-third asked to work on the committee throughout the coming year. Five projects were spontaneously set up for effective interchange of ideas, experiences, and other resources between the members of the committee. Questionnaires on materials found most helpful, and areas in which useful publications are lacking, will be compiled and the results will be mimeographed for those cooperating. Some of the papers given at the April 7, 1946 meetings of the committee are being mimeographed for immediate distribution at cost to those committee members who request them. Anyone doing a piece of work in the field of education for marriage and family life in the schools is invited to report it, with such details as may be useful to others attempting or considering similar undertakings. Selected material from such reports will be mimeographed for the committee. Those who have questions they would like other committee members, or outside resource persons, to help them answer are invited to pool them.

The article presents a note that brings up to date the information regarding licensing or certification of psychologists in the various states. Data were obtained by sending questionnaires to the legislative chairmen of the various state psychological associations requesting information regarding the present and anticipated status of legislative proceedings. Information was also requested regarding the issues of expert testimony and privileged communication in court, as outlined by the state's proposed law. The categories of legislation suggested were permissive certification, mandatory certification, restrictive licensing, and nonrestrictive licensing.

A study of the importance to the user of various characteristics in the printed subject indexes to abstract journals and published literature, and the users' preference for the different formats available, was carried out. The investigation was made by means of a questionnaire which was answered by both library staff and zientists. The respondents compared particular index characteristics in a number of differing indexes and also commented on specific details of the indexes to Science Abstracts. The results highlighted the important characteristics and preferences, and differences in the pattern of use of printed subject indexes by the library staff and scientists where indicated. Recent changes in the indexes to Science Abstracts take account of the users' preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the national survey conducted in determining priorities in ocean science study as identified by the community of oceanographers. The study was conducted under the assumption that if priorities in any subject are to be set, there should be strong input into the priority decisions by persons active in the field. The study was solicited by questionnaire which are based on ocean science topics taught in introductory ocean science courses. The results of the study and other relevant information regarding the study are also presented.

The article presents an analysis of several instruments that had been constructed and validated for objectives related to the Nature of Science based on the context of education in the U.S. The instruments used and mentioned were science attitude scale, processes of science test, nature of science scale, science attitude inventory and science attitude questionnaire. These instruments contained common ideas and are based on existing philosophical and scientific models and approaches. Several criteria on the selection of instruments to be use in the study are provided. Science educators preferred those instruments which were broad and comprehensive in terms of scope as those are considered valuable in the study of the nature of science.

Using a self-report questionnaire we have determined the prevalence of non-therapeutic drug taking among young persons, within the age range 16-24, in the following groups: school pupils, university/college students, trainee nurses, patients attending special (V.D.) clinics, casualty patients, and young offenders. The percentage proportions of occasional and regular drug misusers within each coup are given together with information on the extent of misuse of individual drugs and drug combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Social Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article attempts to expand upon previous research on the factor analysis of psychological states of an urban sample of adults. Previous research attempted to derive a set of dimensions that described psychological states based upon the self-report of individuals to a phenomenally oriented questionnaires. Five dimensions were used in the present study. The dimensions are: Factor I Physiological Anxiety, Factor II Topically Oriented Depression, Factor III Physiological Process Disturbance, Factor IV Non-Cognitive Depression, and Factor V Alienation vs. Involvement.

Albert Cohen's delinquency theory is vulnerable to demonstrations of similar qualities, as well as similar quantities, of delinquency between middle- and working-class groups. In analyses of questionnaire data from a high school male population, no significant differences in incidence of delinquency emerge between classes. No significant differences obtain between classes of delinquents on items tapping the peer or subcultural dimensions Cohen considers particularly characteristic of working-class delinquency. Finally, delinquency is shown to be related to academic performance regardless of class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study of the results of a questionnaire which evaluated the retrospective reaction of former Horizon House clients to their rehabilitation program. Such questionnaire tried to determine the factors which discriminate clients who complete the program from those who did not. In the method, counseling and research staff members gathered to tackle probable reasons behind the high client attrition rates. Results of the study contributed a general methodology emphasizing a widening of research considerations and delineating of specific problems describing dropouts from one psychiatric facility.

This article presents information on parent-child communication, sentiment and authority. Sociologist George C. Homans maintains that under certain specified conditions, interaction leads to positive sentiments. In elaborating this relationship he asserts that strong authority may negate this hypothesized link between interaction and sentiment. The data were obtained from questionnaires completed by junior and senior high school students from North Carolina and Ohio. The questionnaires were administered in the classrooms of cooperating schools during April and May of 1960. Teachers in the participating schools were responsible for distributing the questionnaires to their pupils. The anonymity of the respondents was assured by asking that they not sign the instruments. The communities which were sampled cover the range from comparatively rural to two cities with populations slightly over 100,000. The sample for the present analysis includes 8,770 cases. All of the respondents used lived with both of their natural parents. They were enrolled in the seventh through the twelfth grades, and all but a few were between the ages of twelve and eighteen. Protestants predominated and non-whites were excluded. Males and females are represented in almost equal proportions. Each respondent was questioned separately about his relations with his mother and with his father. The questionnaire items employed to operationalize Homans' concepts defined sentiment in terms of perceived closeness of relationship to parents.

The article throws light on the voluntary questionnaires used in social sciences research. It explores the possible uses of a neglected source of information: voluntary write-ins in the survey research process. Furthermore, the major aims of the article are: (a)to examine differences between respondents who volunteer comments on the questionnaire and those who do not, (b) to explore the utility of employing certain models of communicative behavior within small groups for the interpretation of survey research results, and (c) to discuss possible implications of the systematic use of voluntary write-ins. It is found that the approach may be useful in studies which focus on a particular issue, such as the introduction of innovations, or deal with scientific groups, such as extension agents. Thus, this approach could be used in conjunction with other research which has demonstrated that saliency of the issue tends to increase responses, if questionnaires could be designed so as to maximize the perceived communication potential.

This article reports the findings of a questionnaire study of churches in a Southern metropolitan area. The study was planned as a preliminary phase of a general survey of religious life in the community, to be followed by an ecological study of the distribution of churches and their congregations in the community. The main purpose of the present study was to gather some general information about the various churches in the area in an effort to formulate some hypotheses concerning the supposed differences between urban, suburban, and rural churches, as a consequence of their supposedly different social environments. Deductively, such differences should be reflected in the organization and activities of the church. Three hundred eighty-five questionnaires were mailed. The questionnaire asked for information concerning the location, mobility, building activity, membership, frequency of worship services, personnel employed, and participation in community activities and service type activities, and for information about the minister himself-his education, his salary, whether or not he was a member of a Ministers' Conference, and the number of hours per week spent in certain activities.

The article presents a study to determine the characteristics and needs of the students enrolled in introductory rural sociology courses; to determine the content of these courses; and to determine the teaching methods being used. Members of the Rural Sociological Society were sources of information for the study. Questionnaires were mailed to 175 names selected from the official 1957 membership list. The cover letter requested the recipient to pass the questionnaire to the appropriate staff member teaching the introductory course. One hundred and twenty-nine responses were received, which was about a 75 per cent response. The findings of the study are based upon returns from 77 institutions which offer introductory courses in rural sociology. By far the most prevalent manner of teaching the introductory rural sociology course is by lecture and classroom recitation. By far the most prevalent manner of teaching the introductory rural sociology course is by lecture and classroom recitation. The findings suggest heavy reliance on textbooks and other printed material. Most teachers were rather critical of rural sociology textbooks in terms of their ability to create interest.

The article presents a survey report conducted on farmers' opinion on agricultural programs for it's development and execution in New York. The agricultural programs consisted of Agricultural Experiment Stations, Cooperative Extension Service, Production and Marketing Administration, Soil Conservation Service, Farmers' Home Administration, Rural Electrification Administration, and Federal Crop. Insurance. Master Sample of Agriculture maps were used in drawing a random sample of 750 small areas throughout the open-country portions of the 56 agricultural counties in the state. Only those farmers were interviewed who received one-half or more of their income from farming. The procedure followed in the development of the interview schedule failed to allow for sufficiently sensitive and flexible exploratory work before the basic structure of the interview was agreed upon. The interview procedure called for reactions to questions on specific programs and policies first; and only when these had been covered was the general type of question raised which made it impossible to learn about the uppermost problem in the farmer's mind.

The article presents information on two bulletins, "Housing and Attitudes Toward Housing in Rural Pennsylvania," and "Measurement of Housing and Attitudes Toward Housing in Rural Pennsylvania," both by Howard R. Cottam. The bulletin entitled Housing and attitudes toward housing in rural Pennsylvania and a methodological supplement together report on a careful study of rural dwellings, rural people's attitudes toward their dwellings, and an analysis of the relationships between the objective and subjective aspects of housing conditions in rural Pennsylvania. The basic data consisted of 517 interviews made in 10 rural areas of Pennsylvania and brief questionnaires answered by 1,417 sixth-to eighth-grade school children. The interviews yielded data on 57 housing items, broadly defined, and on the attitudes of informants toward their own housing conditions. The questionnaires provided supplementary material both on housing facilities and on attitudes toward housing. The extensive statistical procedures employed are reported in detail but unfortunately some of the more elementary considerations have been slighted. For example the schedule and questionnaire used are not reproduced, the numbers of cases represented by housing scores, attitude scores, and percentage distributions in some 90 text tables are not given, even so fundamental a breakdown as that into numbers of farm, open country nonfarm, and village cases is omitted, details on the methods by which the attitudinal data were secured are lacking.

The present study was carried out in seven organizations. Three of the organizations were divisions of state governments and were subject to civil service policies. The managers studied from these government organizations were engaged in a variety of activities. One group managed a retail liquor store, another managed unemployment offices, and the third worked for a conservation department. The other four organizations were privately-owned companies. These four organizations varied widely in their activities. One was a food processor, another was a chemical manufacturer, the third was in the aerospace industry, and the fourth was a public utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the components related to attitudes of union representatives and management. It mentions that the setting of industrial relations in Israel provides an example to determine the nature of union and management attitudes. Data were gathered by interview-questionnaire procedure and four respondents associated with Israeli business enterprise were interviewed. The study uses the Attitude to Industrial Issues Questionnaire to compare the management attitudes of union representatives and executives. Results show that attitudes were significantly different on various items, most of which are on socio-economic ideology and Union role and evaluation.