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We propose and conceptualize an approach for literary network analysis that does not rely on co-appearance, but rather what can be called semantic context: characters are connected if they share a semantic neighborhood, or similar meaning-based contexts, even if they are distant in the text sequence.

We analyze the stability of a unique coexistence equilibrium point of a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE system) modelling the dynamics of a metapopulation, more specifically, a set of local populations inhabiting discrete habitat patches that are connected to one another through dispersal or migration. We assume that the inter-patch migrations are detailed balanced and that the patches are identical with intra-patch dynamics governed by a mean-field ODE system with a coexistence equilibrium. By making use of an appropriate Lyapunov function coupled with LaSalle’s invariance principle, we are able to show that the coexistence equilibrium point within each patch is locally asymptotically stable if the inter-patch dispersal network is heterogeneous, whereas it is neutrally stable in the case of a homogeneous network. These results provide a mathematical proof confirming the existing numerical simulations and broaden the range of networks for which they are valid.

The last few years have seen considerable mathematical progress concerning the asymptotic structure of gravitational radiation in dynamical, astrophysical spacetimes. In this paper, we distil some of the key ideas from recent works and assemble them in a new way in order to make them more accessible to the wider general relativity community. We also announce some new physical findings in this process. First, we introduce the conserved $f(r)$-modified Newman--Penrose charges on asymptotically flat spacetimes, and we show that these charges provide a dictionary that relates asymptotics of massless, general spin fields in different regions: Asymptotic behaviour near $i^+$ ("late-time tails") can be read off from asymptotic behaviour towards $\mathcal I^+$, and, similarly, asymptotic behaviour towards $\mathcal I^+$ can be read off from asymptotic behaviour near $i^-$ or $\mathcal I^-$. Using this dictionary, we then explain how: (I) the quadrupole approximation for a system of $N$ infalling masses from $i^-$ causes the "peeling property towards $\mathcal I^+$" to be violated, and (II) this failure of peeling results in deviations from the usual predictions for tails in the late-time behaviour of gravitational radiation: Instead of the Price's law rate $r\Psi^{[4]}|_{\mathcal I^+}\sim u^{-6}$ as~$u\to\infty$, we predict that $r\Psi^{[4]}|_{\mathcal I^+}\sim u^{-4}$, with the coefficient of this latter decay rate being a multiple of the monopole and quadrupole moments of the matter distribution in the infinite past., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures. Comments welcome!

Most DNA evidence is a mixture of two or more people. Cybergenetics TrueAllele® system uses Bayesian computing to separate genotypes from mixture data and compare genotypes to calculate likelihood ratio (LR) match statistics. This validation study examined the reliability of TrueAllele computing on laboratory‐generated DNA mixtures containing up to ten unknown contributors. Using log(LR) match information, the study measured sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. These reliability metrics were assessed under different conditions, including varying the number of assumed contributors, statistical sampling duration, and setting known genotypes. The main determiner of match information and variability was how much DNA a person contributed to a mixture. Observed contributor number based on data peaks gave better results than the number known from experimental design. The study found that TrueAllele is a reliable method for analyzing DNA mixtures containing up to ten unknown contributors.

In this study, a simple and fast procedure was developed and validated for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in paper products using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. The method was used for the determination of BPA in thirteen types of paper products, including thermal receipt papers, lottery tickets, bus tickets, business cards, mailing envelopes, flyers, napkins, printing paper, food contact paper, kitchen rolls, toilet paper, newspapers, and magazines. BPA was found in 98% of thermal receipt papers (n = 341) at concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 27.7 mg g−1 with a geometric mean of 14.6 mg g−1 and a median of 17.7 mg g−1. The detection rate for other paper products was 96%, with BPA concentrations ranging from below the LOQ to 379 µg g−1 and a median of 17.3 µg g−1. The estimated daily intake for the adjusted bodyweight of BPA (calculated at median concentrations) through dermal absorption from handling papers was 14.5 and 1070 ng day−1 for the general population and occupationally-exposed individuals, respectively. The proposed analytical method is simple, fast, and cost-effective for the determination of BPA in paper samples. Moreover, an estimated daily exposure of Brazilians to BPA through dermal absorption from handling different types of papers is shown.

In this work we introduce the r-Hunter-Saxton equation, a generalisation of the Hunter-Saxton equation arising as extremals of an action principle posed in L_r. We characterise solutions to the Cauchy problem, quantifying the blow-up time and studying various symmetry reductions. We construct piecewise linear functions and show that they are weak solutions to the r-Hunter-Saxton equation., Revised after referee comments

To detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in small-scale cell line experiments, usually with only two or three technical replicates for each state, the commonly used statistical methods such as significance analysis of microarrays (SAM), limma and RankProd (RP) lack statistical power, while the fold change method lacks any statistical control. In this study, we demonstrated that the within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) of gene pairs were highly stable among technical replicates of a cell line but often widely disrupted after certain treatments such like gene knockdown, gene transfection and drug treatment. Based on this finding, we customized the RankComp algorithm, previously designed for individualized differential expression analysis through REO comparison, to identify DEGs with certain statistical control for small-scale cell line data. In both simulated and real data, the new algorithm, named CellComp, exhibited high precision with much higher sensitivity than the original RankComp, SAM, limma and RP methods. Therefore, CellComp provides an efficient tool for analyzing small-scale cell line data.

Previous studies have demonstrated that skin vibration is an important factor affecting the roughness perception of fine textures. For coarse textures, the determining physical factor is much less clear and there are indications that this might be participant-dependent. In this paper, we focused on roughness perception of both coarse and fine textures of different materials (glass particle surfaces and sandpapers). We investigated the relationship between subjective roughness ratings and three physical parameters (skin vibration, friction coefficient, and particle size) within a group of 30 participants. Results of the glass particle surfaces showed both spatial information (particle size) and temporal information (skin vibration) had a high correlation with subjective roughness ratings. The former correlation was slightly but significantly higher than the latter. The results also indicated different weights of temporal information and spatial information for roughness ratings among participants. Roughness ratings of a different material (sandpaper versus glass particles) could be either larger, similar or smaller, indicating differences among individuals. The best way to describe our results is that in their perceptual evaluation of roughness, different individuals weight temporal information, spatial information, and other mechanical properties differently.

msufbd Baskı sonucunun görselkalitesi büyük ölçüde baskı altı malzemesi ve mürekkebin optimum birleşmesürecine bağlıdır. Kağıdın yapısal özellikleri, baskının kayıpsız ve istenenrenk değeri ile elde edilebilmesi bakımından son derece önemlidir. Kağıt vekarton heterojen ve değiştirilebilir malzemeler olduğundan, yapısal özellikleriölçmek ve bu özelliklerin basılabilirlik parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerinibelirlemek gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, belli bir ürün grubunda yaygın olarakkullanılan ve farklı özelliklere sahip 90 g/m2 alternatif kağıtlarseçilmiştir. 5 alternatif kağıt, uzama, kuvvet, temas açısı ve yüzey enerjileritest cihazlarıyla ölçümlenmiştir. Ofset baskı ile, mürekkep miktarları sabittutmak suretiyle cyan, magenta, sarı ve siyah mürekkep kağıda aktarılmıştır.Yoğunluk ve renk değerleri için mürekkepler ölçümlenip, ardından ışık haslığıtesti gerçekleştirilerek renk ölçümleri tekrarlanmıştır. Renk ve kâğıtözelliklerinde farklılıklar çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ilekarşılaştırılarak grafik olarak verilmiştir. Baskıda en uygun kağıdı belirlemekiçin çok kriterli bir karar verme yöntemi olan TOPSİS (Alternatifler Arasındanİdeal Seçimin Belirlenmesi) yöntemi kullanılarak baskıya en uygun kağıtbelirlenmiştir. The visual quality ofthe print result is largely dependent on the optimum level of coalescenceprocess of the underprint material and the ink. The structural characteristicsof the paper are extremely important in that the print can be obtained withoutloss and with the desired colour value. Since paper and cardboard areheterogeneous and interchangeable materials, it is necessary to measure thestructural properties and determine their effect on the printability parametersof these properties. In this study, 90 g/m2 alternative papers, which are widely used in a certain product group and have differentcharacteristics, are selected. 5 alternative papers were selected, elongation, strength, contact angle and surface energies were determined with thecalibrated test devices. With offset printing, the ink is transferred to thepaper by keeping the ink quantities constant with the cyan, magenta, yellow andblack lines. Inks were measured for density and colour measurements followed bylight fastness test and colour measurements were repeated. Differences incolour and paper properties are compared with multi-criteria decision makingmethods and given graphically. The optimal paper was selected using the TOPSIS (Techniquefor Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions) method, which is amulti-criteria decision-making method for choosing the most appropriate paperfor production. 633805

Impaired procedural learning has been suggested as a possible cause of developmental dyslexia (DD) and specific language impairment (SLI). This study examined the relationship between measures of verbal and non‐verbal implicit and explicit learning and measures of language, literacy and arithmetic attainment in a large sample of 7 to 8‐year‐old children. Measures of verbal explicit learning were correlated with measures of attainment. In contrast, no relationships between measures of implicit learning and attainment were found. Critically, the reliability of the implicit learning tasks was poor. Our results show that measures of procedural learning, as currently used, are typically unreliable and insensitive to individual differences. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnvV-BvNWSo

Bu çalışmanın amacı, GeoGebra ve Kağıt-Kalem gruplarında geometri soruları çözen ortaokul matematik öğretmen adaylarının argümantasyon yapılarının doğasını incelemektir. Bu çalışmada nitel durum çalışması deseni kullanılmış ve veriler 2013-2014 akademik yılının sonbahar döneminde 16 ortaokul matematik öğretmen adayından toplanmıştır. Veri kaynaklarını uygulamaların video kayıtları, odak grup görüşmeleri ve belgeler oluşturmaktadır.Bulgularda beş çeşit global argümantasyon yapısı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunların ikisi Çizgi/Hat yapı ve Bağımsız-Argümanlar yapısı bu çalışmada ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcılar 9 çeşit lokal argüman yapılarından üçünü çok sık kullanmayı tercih etmişlerdir. Son olarak, katılımcıların gerekçelendirmelerine odaklanarak lokal argümantasyonları incelenmiştir. Bu analiz, ortaokul matematik öğretmen adaylarının GeoGebra ve Kağıt-Kalem gruplarında geometri soruları çözerken kullandıkları lokal argümantasyonların niteliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the nature of argumentation structures of prospective middle school mathematics teachers while solving geometry tasks within the GeoGebra and Paper-Pencil groups. The study employed qualitative case study design and the data of which were collected from 16 prospective middle school mathematics teachers during the fall semester of the 2013-2014 academic year. Data were based on the video recordings of the implementations, the focus group interviews and documents.The findings revealed five types of global argumentation structures, two of which emerged from the present study: Line-structure and Independent-Arguments structure. In addition, the participants employed 9 types of local arguments while three of them were most frequently preferred. Finally, the local argumentations were examined by focusing on the justifications of the participants. This analysis revealed the characteristics of the local argumentations that prospective middle school mathematics teachers use while solving geometry tasks in GeoGebra and Paper-Pencil groups. 318

BackgroundThe psychometric properties of an online test are not necessarily identical to its paper and pencil original. The aim of this study is to test whether the factor structure of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) is measurement invariant with respect to online vs. paper and pencil assessment.MethodThe factor structure of CAPE items assessed by paper and pencil (N = 796) was compared with the factor structure of CAPE items assessed by the Internet (N = 21,590) using formal tests for Measurement Invariance (MI). The effect size was calculated by estimating the Signed Item Difference in the Sample (SIDS) index and the Signed Test Difference in the Sample (STDS) for a hypothetical subject who scores 2 standard deviations above average on the latent dimensions.ResultsThe more restricted Metric Invariance model showed a significantly worse fit compared to the less restricted Configural Invariance model (χ(2)(23) = 152.75, pConclusionsOur findings did not support measurement invariance with respect to assessment method. Because of the small effect sizes, the measurement differences between the online assessed CAPE and its paper and pencil original can be neglected without major consequences for research purposes. However, a person with a high vulnerability for psychotic symptoms would score 4.80 points lower on the total scale if the CAPE is assessed online compared to paper and pencil assessment. Therefore, for clinical purposes, one should be cautious with online assessment of the CAPE.

It is known that colour reproduction of inkjet comprises a range of mechanisms. It was possible to understand and explain some of these mechanisms by evaluating print tests with standard optical measurement and by calculations using algorithms of the Kubelka Munk and Murray Davies theories. The combined interaction of the substrate, the ink penetration, the optical properties of the inks and the dot size were clarified. Large colour gamut is governed by low ink penetration, low light scattering of the substrate and small dot size. The non-ideal property of process inks and the continuous tone character of colour reproduction of the studied desktop inkjets explained the observed convex shape of the colour gamut. For plain paper, dye-based and pigment-based inks were shown to follow different mechanisms, with lower penetration of the pigment-based ink. Colour gamut could be increased by a surface treatment that further reduced the penetration, but this treatment worked only for the pigment-based inks. Internal sizing of plain paper had only a very small influence on colour gamut for dye-based ink, even though the ink penetration was reduced.

This article proposes an Enhanced Memetic Differential Evolution (EMDE) for designing digital filters which aim at detecting defects of the paper produced during an industrial process. Defect detection is handled by means of two Gabor filters and their design is performed by the EMDE. The EMDE is a novel adaptive evolutionary algorithm which combines the powerful explorative features of Differential Evolution with the exploitative features of three local search algorithms employing different pivot rules and neighborhood generating functions. These local search algorithms are the Hooke Jeeves Algorithm, a Stochastic Local Search, and Simulated Annealing. The local search algorithms are adaptively coordinated by means of a control parameter that measures fitness distribution among individuals of the population and a novel probabilistic scheme. Numerical results confirm that Differential Evolution is an efficient evolutionary framework for the image processing problem under investigation and show that the EMDE performs well. As a matter of fact, the application of the EMDE leads to a design of an efficiently tailored filter. A comparison with various popular metaheuristics proves the effectiveness of the EMDE in terms of convergence speed, stagnation prevention, and capability in detecting solutions having high performance.

In this work, we have studied the relationship among the colorimetric properties of different types of paper, having different finishing and grammage. Their color reproduction capability has also been analyzed by using the same printing technology (inkjet printing). On the one hand, we have plotted CIELAB data under the illuminant D50 into constant lightness and hue-angle planes to be compared with MacAdam limits and with Pointer's real-world surface color. On the other hand, we have calculated the volume gamut of the color solid associated to each color paper gamut. Analyzing the results, we have checked that there is not any clear relationship among the colorimetric properties of paper (for instance, CIE whiteness index, etc.) and the color gamut volume associated. However, the colorimetric parameters associated to the printed sample showed a quite good linear correlation between the minimum lightness (or the maximum blackness value) of the printed color chart and the color gamut volume. In particular, the greatest color gamut volume corresponds to the glossy papers taking into account this correlation for inkjet printing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 330–336, 2009

Objectives: Advances in neuroimaging studies have recently improved the understanding of the functional anatomy of the calculation processes, having in particular underlined the central role of the angular gyrus (AG). In this study, the authors applied this knowledge to the surgical resection of a glioma invading the left AG, by localising and sparing the cortical areas involved in two different components of calculation (multiplication and subtraction), using direct electrical stimulations. Methods: A calculation mapping was performed in a patient without deficit except a slightly impaired performance for serial arithmetic subtraction, during the resection under local anaesthesia of a left parieto-occipital glioma invading the dominant AG. After somatosensory and language mappings, cortical areas involved in single digit multiplications and subtractions of seven were mapped using the method of electrostimulation, before glioma removal. Results: Distinct sites specifically involved in multiplication or subtraction were detected within the left AG, with a precise spatial distribution and overlapping. All the eloquent (somatosensory, language, and calculation) areas were surgically spared. Postoperatively, the patient had a transient complete deficit for arithmetic subtraction, without either multiplication or language disturbance. The tumour removal was complete. Conclusions: These findings suggest: firstly, the usefulness of an intraoperative calculation mapping during the removal of a lesion involving the left dominant AG, to avoid permanent postoperative deficit of arithmetic processes while optimising the quality of tumour resection; secondly, the possible existence of a well ordered and dynamic anatomo-functional organisation for different components of calculation within the left AG.

The value of tablets and paper discs as reservoirs of antimicrobial agents for use in sensitivity testing was compared. Antibiotics that were unstable in paper discs showed no demonstrable loss of activity in tablets over a period of 50 days under adverse storage conditions. The antibiotic content of commercially prepared tablets is very high in comparison with the accepted content of paper discs used in Britain, but not all of the agent is released from tablets during tests. Comparison of the size of zones of inhibition around tablets and standard paper discs indicated that the amount of the various agents released from the tablets varied between 2-6% and 69% of the stated content. In tests of the sensitivity of a range of common pathogenic organisms, the results obtained with the tablet method--when interpreted as recommended by the manufacturer--were generally similar to those obtained with a paper disc method commonly used in British laboratories. In 47% of tests with aminoglycoside antibiotics, however, strains sensitive by the disc method were 'intermediate' or resistant by the tablet method. As with paper discs, it was necessary to press the tablets on to the medium. With adjustment of the 'effective antibiotic content of tablets to bring it into line with the accepted content in paper discs, the stability of antibiotics in the tablets might make them an acceptable alternative to paper discs.