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2. Public Diplomacy and Global Media: A DFAT Information Paper
- Author
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Logan, Sandi
- Published
- 1994
3. New Zealand, Australia and the Asia-Pacific strategic balance : from trade agreements to defence white papers
- Author
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Ayson, Robert
- Published
- 2011
4. Secret papers reveal Tasman defence fears
- Author
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Ansley, Greg
- Published
- 1999
5. Deparochializing Education: Globalization, Regionalization, and the Formation of an ASEAN Education Space
- Author
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Koh, Aaron
- Abstract
Research on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has hitherto attracted scholarly attention and debate by both regional and international scholars working in area studies, such as international relations and Asia-Pacific/Southeast Asia studies. Confined to area studies, scholarly research on ASEAN is limiting because the parameters of research are invariably locked into issues related to economics, politics, security, and trade development in and around the region. Notably, education has been an under-researched topic. On the cusp of its 40th anniversary ASEAN envisages the formation of an ASEAN identity and socio-cultural community. As a point of departure from area studies, this paper engages in "regionalist thinking" about ASEAN, education and identity making. This "regionalist thinking" is, however, only thinkable and imaginable with reference to the "global," because as a region ASEAN, whether perceived in geographical or in spatial terms, is part of the global sphere in which it is embedded. I argue in this paper that while historically education and schooling are directly related to the imaginaries of nation building and national identity making, the call for the creation of an ASEAN identity and the formation of a socio-cultural community requires that nation states in the region deparochialize education and redesign pedagogies that "teach and learn beyond the nation." (Contains 3 notes.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Education, Markets and the Contradictions of Asia-Australia Relations.
- Author
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Alexander, Don and Rizvi, Fazal
- Abstract
The cultural politics of the export of educational services by Australia to Asia are examined, focusing on tension between the persistent economic development perspective and an emerging market ideology that sees education as a commodity. Issues of postcolonialism, globalization, educational traditions vs. market orientation, educational aid and trade are examined. (MSE)
- Published
- 1993
7. Australia in the Asian Century: Australian Government's White Paper, Strong and Secure: A Strategy for Australia's National Security.
- Author
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Gupta, Arvind
- Subjects
ECONOMIC conditions in Asia ,NATIONAL security ,HYPOTHESIS ,CONFLICT (Psychology) ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article discusses and reviews two documents titled "Australia in the Asian Century: Australian Government's White Paper" and "Strong and Secure: A Strategy for Australia's National Security". It mentions that "Australia in the Asian Century: Australian Government's White Paper" describes the three assumptions regarding the future economic position of Asia in the global landscape and its reduction of interdependence on other nations leading to negligible conflict.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Towards an Architecrture of a Disaster Early Warning and Disaster Relief Regime: A Concept Paper.
- Author
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Vertzberger, Yaacov
- Subjects
- *
DISASTER relief , *INDIAN Ocean Tsunami, 2004 , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *EMERGENCY management - Abstract
The massive destructive consequences of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami,have called attention to the phenomenal failure of the international community to provide early warning before the disaster,and the chaotic disaster relief efforts after the extent of the catastrphy became evident.These lessons have made the need for the establishment of an institutionalized disaseter warning and disaster relief regime a matter of great urgency.This paper offers a well structured agenda ,detailed outline of the fundamentals ,and the parameters pertaining to the main issues such a regim would have to address.Due to the enormity of the task,the paper makes an argument for an Asia first approach due to the experience acquired since 2004 in that region.If it will be successful there, the regime buildig policy process can be extended to other regions.These incremental expansion would eventually lead to the establisment of a politically integrated and coordinated global early warning and disaster relief regime. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
9. Assumptions and Implications of Cross-National Attraction in Education: The Case of 'Learning from Japan'
- Author
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Shibata, Masako
- Abstract
This article deals with the assumptions and implications of the Malaysian policy for "learning from Japan". The article explores the ways in which this policy has effectively been operated in drawing a new geography of "Asia", dislodging colonial legacies in the region and countering the consolidation of other regional blocs. Cross-national educational interaction has increasingly been a key issue in international relations. After the end of the Cold War, the traffic of people, commodities and information is blocked less and less by the barriers of state political ideologies, and has begun to hinge on new notions of boundaries. Free trade blocs are formed by agreements among "neighbours", sharing economic advantage and the quality of basic values, such as "democracy" and "human rights". Such communal values play a powerful role in the redefinition of "us" and the legitimisation of regional societies. The vigour of cross-national educational transfer in the past two decades, as will be argued, has effectively been used for the formation of new identities of individual nations and for the promotion of new aspirations for the regional alliances. (Contains 3 tables.)
- Published
- 2006
10. Designing Political Institutions for Multi-Ethnic Countries.
- Author
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Glaser, Kurt
- Abstract
Although the American political system is characterized by commitment to democracy and self-determination, the American government has traditionally taken an interest in the political development of other countries. The recent intervention of the U.S. in the political development of Southwest Africa/Namibia is an example. In the body of this paper the author reviews in detail the history of political domination by certain groups over other groups, as demonstrated by (1) the development of France as a nation from a territorial stage, (2) Ian Smith's transitional government in Rhodesia, (3) struggles among tribal groups for political control or identity in Zambia, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda, and (4) tension between ethnic groups in Guyana, Trinidad-Tobago, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka. The author concludes that the political needs of multi-ethnic countries cannot be fulfilled by unitary territorial democracy or by territorial federalism. Each group must be able to organize politically and to administer its own affairs with an equitable share of public resources. Where nationalities are intermingled, the principle of personal autonomy should be invoked, enabling the organs of each nationality to provide education, cultural facilities, and other services. In this way, political socialization can build on traditional social groups instead of destroying them. (Author/AV)
- Published
- 1978
11. Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy: Emerging Education Hubs in Asia
- Author
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Lee, Jack T.
- Abstract
Several education hubs have emerged in Asia and the Middle East in recent years with a specific focus on cross-border higher education. Through considerable efforts in policy planning and generous funding, these hubs aim to transform a country or city into an eminent destination for education, research, and training. The inherent design of these hubs raises many questions about higher education's contribution to international relations as large numbers of local and foreign actors congregate. Specifically, some education hubs are leveraging cultural heritage and colonial legacy as an instrument of soft power by emphasising shared cultural identities and values. By engaging in cultural diplomacy, education hubs seek to exert influence on the international stage. However, assumptions about shared identities and values as well as the prevailing political climate of the local society present serious challenges for policy implementation. Alternatively, an education hub can also engage with international actors based on an enduring faith in the venture of science to propel the knowledge economy--another kind of norm that underpins soft power. This paper compares Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong as education hubs that engage in soft power and cultural diplomacy.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. 30 years of the Pacific and The Pacific Review : long time yet no time.
- Author
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Higgott, Richard
- Subjects
DIPLOMATIC history ,HISTORY of international economic relations ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
This paper is a review of scholarship found in the pages of The Pacific Review over the last 30 years. It does so in three ways: (1) it highlights issues in the theory and practice of the international relations, strategic studies, political culture and political economy of the Asia Pacific region. (2) It looks at change in the region over time by an analysis of the shifting fortunes of the major regional powers, namely Japan, China and Indonesia and the challenges they, and China in particular, post to US regional hegemony. (3) It looks at regional process reflected in the fate and fortunes of the regional integrative project in the key policy domains of trade, finance and the environment. The paper concludes with a reflection on the strains on the regional political and economic orders by the rise in nationalist politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Singapore's Global Education Hub Ambitions: University Governance Change and Transnational Higher Education
- Author
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Mok, Ka Ho
- Abstract
Purpose: The principal goal of the article is to examine how Singapore, one of the East Asian tiger economies, has attempted to diversify its higher education system by developing "transnational education" in the island state. Design/methodology/approach: With particular reference to the most recent education reforms and changing higher education governance in Singapore, this article focuses on how the Singapore government has changed its higher education governance models in enhancing the global competitiveness of its higher education system by adopting more pro-competition policy instruments and allowing the growth of transnational education in the city state. Findings: The findings suggest the choice of policy tools (the choice of market forces in higher education and the rise of transnational education in the present case) is highly political and governments should pay particular attention to the particular socio-economic and socio-political contexts of their countries when making such choices. Originality/value: The paper shows that the role of government in East Asia is still important, especially when there is a strong need for government to set up appropriate regulations, social protection and welfare, hence, governments in East Asia are very much conceived as a complement to the markets.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. International Factors in the Formation of Refugee Movements.
- Author
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Zolberg, Aristide R.
- Abstract
Drawing on theoretical framework that addresses the transnational character of refugee problems, analyzes the causes of refugee movements. Holds that despite the common perception that refugees flee danger that emanates from an agent within the country of origin, the danger often results from international conflicts. (GC)
- Published
- 1986
15. The Mulroney Program and the Third World. Review '84, Outlook '85.
- Author
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North-South Inst., Ottawa (Ontario).
- Abstract
A brief report traces some important connections between the central choices facing Canada and the three quarters of the world's population that live in the developing regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Specific aspects of Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney's governmental policy are examined. The following topics are considered: Canadian jobs and the third world export market, the African drought and famine crisis and its lessons for Canadian aid programs, and Mulroney's foreign policy approach. Special sections provide one page background pieces to help bring the reader up to date on the issues discussed in the body of each section. (LP)
- Published
- 1985
16. The Pacific Asian Countries: A Force for Growth in the Global Economy.
- Author
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World Bank, Washington, DC. and Clausen, A. W.
- Abstract
The market-oriented countries of Pacific Asia have been contributing to economic growth in the industrialized West. The market developing countries of East Asia have averaged economic growth of 7.5 percent a year over the last 20 years. The most prominent feature of their economic development has been rapid growth in manufactured exports, expanded agricultural production, and investment. Most of the countries rely heavily on market forces; their governments practice only selective economic intervention focusing on macroeconomic management and strong policy direction. With the global recession of the past few years, economic growth in these countries has slowed to 3 percent annually. In the People's Republic of China, reforms such as economic decentralization, private incentives, and increased foreign trade spurred China's economic growth to 6 percent a year for the period 1978-1983. Three issues are fundamental to continued development in Asia: free trade, the reduction of real interest rates by industrialized countries, and increased financial support for international development institutions such as the World Bank. Two lessons emerge from the development experience in Pacific Asia: the effectiveness of economic policy and the practical, human importance of the global economy. (LP)
- Published
- 1984
17. The Democratic Revolution. Proceedings of a Conference (Washington, D.C., May 1-2, 1989).
- Author
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National Endowment for Democracy, Washington, DC. and National Endowment for Democracy, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
Divided into seven sections, the presentations contained in these proceedings give an international perspective on the growth of democracy in the world, and the many obstacles that might inhibit it. The first section, on Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union contains papers from four East Block scholars who discuss the rise of democracy in communist Europe. The section on Africa includes papers by four African panelists who discuss the development of democracy in light of the continent's historical, geographical, cultural, social, and political background. The "Luncheon Session" section has four presentations on democracy and human rights, focusing on Central American and Caribbean countries. The section on Latin America and the Caribbean includes papers by four panelists who discuss democracy against the backdrop of the region's economics, politics, social change, and serious problems such as drug trafficking, which influence and are influenced by democractic reform. The section on Asia contains four papers that discuss democratic development in China, India, the Philippines, and Turkey. A section headed "Senatorial Remarks" contains brief addresses by U.S. Senators John McCain and Lloyd Bentsen, in which they comment on the conference and democratic changes in the world. The final section contains four addresses presented at the "Idea of Democracy" panel. Final sections report on the conference's State Department reception, the award luncheon, and the president's meeting with awardees. A list of conference participants other than those whose names approved as speakers is given at the conclusion of the book. (AS)
- Published
- 1989
18. The inter-agency standing committee (IASC) guidelines on mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in emergency settings: a critique.
- Author
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Marshall, Claire
- Subjects
WELL-being ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,COMMITTEES ,SOCIAL support ,HUMANITARIANISM ,EMERGENCY services in psychiatric hospitals ,MENTAL health ,MEDICAL protocols ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,CULTURAL competence ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
The bio-medical model of 'mental health' and 'mental illness' that relates to the relationship between wellbeing and distress informs psychopathology and dominates conceptualisation in many Western Educated Industrialised Rich Democratic (WEIRD) populations. This paper aims to critique the model, questioning the appropriateness of psychopathology as a conceptual framework when working as a Western trained clinician with populations such as in China, Japan, Asia, the Middle-East and Africa. The paper also considers the cultural appropriateness of western notions of psychopathology when working inter-culturally in relation to the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings, and the Review of the Implementation of the IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Academic Mobility in a Changing World: Regional and Global Trends. Higher Education Policy 29.
- Author
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Blumenthal, Peggy
- Abstract
This volume contains papers on regional and global trends that affect the political factors which are changing the context within which academic mobility occurs: (1) "Introduction" (by Peggy Blumenthal and others); (2) "Political Dimensions of Regionalism in a Changing World" (David Leyton-Brown); (3) "Economic Dimensions of Regionalism" (Gary Hufbauer and Anup Malani); (4) "Cultural Dimensions of Regionalization" (Robert Picht); (5) "International Education from the Perspective of Emergent World Regionalism: The Academic, Scientific and Technological Dimension" (Malcolm Skilbeck and Helen Connell); (6) "Developments in the Internationalization of Higher Education in Europe" (Gisela Baumgratz-Gangl); (7) "Regional Cooperation and Mobility in a Global Setting: The Example of the European Community:" (Alan Smith); (8) "Academic Mobility Programmes in a Regional Context: A German Viewpoint" (Karl Roeloffs); (9) "East-West Academic Mobility within Europe: Trends and Issues" (Ladislav Cerych); (10) "The Hungarian Experience of Academic Cooperation with North America and the European Community" (Tamas Lajos); (11) "Academic Mobility in Russia" (Stanislav Merkurlev); (12) "International Cooperation Activities of Canadian Universities: North American and Other Current Trends" (Eva Egron-Polak); (13) "The Future of Educational Exchange in North America: A View from the United States" (Stanley N. Katz); (14) "From Threat to Opportunity: A New Perspective for the Development of International Education in North America" (Sylvia B. Ortega Salazar); (15) "Academic Mobility and Exchange in Brazil" (Eunice Ribeuro Durham); (16) "Japan and International Academic Mobility in Asia and the Pacific" (Yoshiya Abe); (17) "Academic Mobility in South-East Asia and the Role of Thai Higher Education" (Wichit Srisa-An); (18) "International Education in Australia: Historical Trends, Current Developments and Challenges for the Future" (Elizabeth Anderson); (19) "International Academic Cooperation in the Arab Region: Past, Present and Future" (Salah Morsi); (20) "Regional Cooperation and Mobility in Higher Education: The Implications for Human Resource Development in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Relevance of Recent Initiatives to Europe" (Anthony Smallwood and T. L. Maliyamkono); (21) "Research on Academic Mobility and International Cooperation in Higher Education: An Agenda for the Future" (Ulrich Teichler); (22) "Academic Mobility in a Changing World: Concluding Reflections on the Issues at Stakes" (Crauford D. Goodwin); and (23) "Bibliography" (Albert Over). The bibliography contains about 1,500 references. (JB)
- Published
- 1996
20. International publication trends in basic, applied, and conceptual behavior‐analytic journals.
- Author
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Curiel, Hugo and Curiel, Emily S. L.
- Subjects
BEHAVIORAL assessment ,PUBLISHING ,BEHAVIORAL research ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,BEHAVIORAL sciences ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,SOFTWARE analytics ,ARCHIVES ,AUTHORSHIP - Abstract
The analysis of international and collaborative publication trends in prominent behavior‐analytic journals has been a topic of interest for behavioral researchers. This paper focuses on publication trends from 1997 through 2020 in three prominent journals: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB), Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA), and Perspectives on Behavior Science (PBS). The variable of interest was the percentage of articles published per geographical category—Australasia/East Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, North America, and Africa. The results showed that 79, 96, and 87% of the published articles in JEAB, JABA, and PBS, respectively, were conducted by researchers with a North American affiliation. Furthermore, 12, 4, and 4% of the articles in JEAB, JABA, and PBS, respectively, were coauthored by at least two researchers from different geographical categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Introduction: East Asia's Contested Security Order.
- Author
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Bisley, Nick and Strating, Rebecca
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,REGIONALISM (International organization) ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,NATIONALISM - Abstract
East Asia's security environment is changing rapidly. Over the past five years or so, the security order has become increasingly unsettled as it is buffeted by a complex array of forces. The region is entering a period of growing rivalry and animosity states are uncertain over the strategic intentions of great and rising powers, nationalism is an increasingly pervasive force, and military spending has been ramping up in many countries over the past decade. That the security environment is changing is unarguable. But what is the extent of these changes? And what are the implications of these shifts for regional states? This paper introduces the special issue "East Asia's Contested Security Order". It begins by discussing the broad contours of the changing East Asian security order and what is at stake for regional powers. It then introduces the seven articles in this edition that challenge existing conceptualisations of the East Asian security order, articulate diverse perspectives on that order held by regional, middle and smaller powers, examine their complex and different security strategies that contribute to shaping the regional order, and consider the extent to which the regional security order may be said to be "contested". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Asia's Regional Security Order: Rules, Power and Status.
- Author
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Bisley, Nick
- Subjects
REGIONALISM (International organization) ,GEOPOLITICS ,NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
East Asia's security order is experiencing significant change as it moves from a stable and peaceful geopolitical setting into one of increasingly open contestation. There is no scholarly consensus about the core character of East Asia's old security order, thus making analysis of this period of change especially challenging. The aim of this paper is two‐fold. Firstly, it seeks to provide some order to the broader debate about East Asia's regional security environment. Secondly, it provides a novel account of East Asia's security order that better captures the key dynamics at play in the region than the literature currently does. The paper's first part discusses the different types of security orders identified by scholars and analysts. The second examines the ways in which scholars have attempted to explain East Asia's security order and explores the key forces that they have argued shaped their form. The third part develops a distinctive account of Asia's security order which focuses on the interplay of domestic and international factors and argues that it was the political consensus that existed across the region about its structure and purpose that made the region stable and it is the breakdown of that consensus that is destabilising East Asia today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. If Pacific Means Calm, What's All the Excitement About?
- Author
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Simpson, John M.
- Abstract
Discusses the history of U.S. relations with Asian and Pacific nations. Notes that there have been many misconceptions and misunderstandings in the relationship with this region. Urges teachers to foster an attitude in their students that encourages a willingness to consider different points of view. (KO)
- Published
- 1989
24. Investigating Mearsheimer's Offensive Realism and Asia: A Critical Appraisal.
- Author
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Zulqarnain and Nizamani, Siraj Ahmed
- Subjects
POLITICAL realism ,CRITICAL realism ,COLD War, 1945-1991 ,COMMUNITY relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,LIBERALISM - Abstract
There had been constant efforts by nation-states to explain the States’ behaviour and the complexities of the international political system. Realism and Liberalism emerged as notable theories to understand these complexities. Realism focused on power acquisition, Liberalism stressed economic development and cooperation. As the global political landscape became more complex during the cold war days as a result of the emergence of new states- different theories and ideas were marked obscure. The academic insights of neorealism and new liberalism set new parameters to evaluate the state’s behaviour during the cold war days. There were again more practical efforts in post-cold-wars days by the academic community of international relations to restudy the changing behaviour of states with a new lens of analysis. It paved the way for both offensive and defensive realism. This paper investigates. Mearsheimer’s offensive realism as the offshoot of neorealism. It further develops a critical appraisal based on deductive research methodology to evaluate the reliability of this theoretical offshoot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
25. Understanding the EU's changing trade policy strategy towards the Asia-Pacific region from a role-theory perspective.
- Author
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XINCHUCHU GAO and XUECHEN CHEN
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL policy ,ROLE theory ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ECONOMIC expansion - Abstract
The past decade has witnessed an increasing nexus between the European Union's trade and foreign policy toward Asia. On the one hand, the EU has sought to deepen economic cooperation with its key Asian partners since this region has become central to the EU's economic growth. On the other hand, the EU has increasingly used its trade policy as a foreign policy tool to pursue its geopolitical interests in Asia. Against this background, the paper seeks to examine the dynamics of trade relations between the EU and its Asian partners by adopting the role theory. Using this theory, this paper aims to provide a holistic understanding of how the EU's changing role in the EU-Asia trade relations has affected its pursuit of economic as well as geopolitical interests in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
26. How is health a security issue? Politics, responses and issues.
- Author
-
Lo Yuk-ping, Catherine and Thomas, Nicholas
- Subjects
HEALTH ,PANDEMICS ,ZOONOSES ,HAZARDOUS substances ,HUMAN security ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
In the closing decade of the 20th century the myriad challenges posed by infectious disease in a globalized environment began to be re-conceptualized as threats to national and human security. The most widely applied model for identifying and responding to such threats is securitization theory, as proposed by the Copenhagen School. Although its analytical framework is generally accepted, its utility remains contested; especially in non-European and non-state settings. The papers in this special edition have several aims: (1) to analyse ways by which Asian states and international organizations have identified health challenges as security threats, (2) to draw upon the securitization model as a way of understanding the full extent to which these states and international organizations have responded to the health threat, and (3) to identify areas where the theory might be strengthened so as to provide greater analytical clarity in areas of health security. This paper acts as a broad introduction to a set of papers on ‘Unhealthy governance’ and explores some of the key findings from the subsequent papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. World Cities of Scientific Knowledge: Systems, Networks and Potential Dynamics. An Analysis Based on Bibliometric Indicators.
- Author
-
Matthiessen, Christian Wichmann, Schwarz, Annette Winkel, and Find, Søren
- Subjects
WORLD system theory ,GLOBALIZATION ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,SCIENTIFIC knowledge ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article discusses the pattern of the upper level of the world city network of knowledge as published in a series of earlier papers. The authors' aim is to update the findings and relate to the general world city discussion. The article addresses how the structure of the world cities of knowledge network has changed since 2000 in favour of south-east Asian and south European cities. The authors use bibliometric data on the world's 100 largest cities measured in terms of research output. The article also discusses the concept of world cities as an understanding that many cities are global service centres.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. On Re-engaging Asia.
- Author
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Elias, Juanita and Johnson, Carol
- Subjects
AUSTRALIAN foreign relations, 1945- ,IDENTITY politics ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,DIPLOMACY ,AUSTRALIAN politics & government, 1945- ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This collection of papers focuses on the domestic and international politics of Australia's recent engagement with Asia. The theme of Asian engagement appears to be of particular pertinence to the current study of Australian politics given numerous pronouncements that we are entering an 'Asian century' during which key Asian economies will gain greater ascendancy and certain Asian states will come to play a more prominent role in global politics. We employ the idea of 're-engagement' in order to show how engagement with Asia has been turned to again and again by Australian governments, albeit in different political and strategic contexts. This collection aims to consider the politics of re-engagement from a number of different theoretical positions, as well as from a number of different perspectives (be it international relations/foreign policy, domestic politics, identity politics, or from the perspective of bilateral Asian partners). Emphasis is placed not simply on the foreign policy prerogatives behind re-engagement but also on the implications of the 'Asian century' for domestic politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Military Change in Asia.
- Author
-
Smith, RichardC.
- Subjects
MILITARY spending ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,FINANCIAL crises ,MILITARY budgets - Abstract
Asia's growing share of the global economy provides one of the strongest themes in contemporary analysis of international affairs. The remarkable economic achievements of Japan, Korea, and Taiwan over the past 50 years have been compounded more recently by the rise of the Chinese and Indian economies. While the significance of this change in the way international wealth is shared was beyond doubt before the onset of the current global financial crisis, many commentators expect that when the world eventually emerges from the crisis Asia's share of the global economy will have grown even further. This shift clearly has strategic importance: economic decisions made in Asia, whether by governments or business, are now more important for the rest of the world than they have been for centuries. If military power were moving in the same direction, and at the same pace, the strategic consequences would be even greater. This paper examines trends in Asian military spending and modernisation. It begins with a summary of defence spending among Asian countries.1 It next considers the nature of the capabilities and equipment they are acquiring, and comments on the way in which forces are being structured, commanded, and managed. It then comments on the range of different factors that are driving military spending and modernisation in Asia, and offers particular comment on China in this regard. The paper then concludes with brief comments on United States and Australian military spending and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Africa -- Asia Relations through the Prism of Television Drama.
- Author
-
Bodomo, Adams and Chabal, Eun-Sook
- Subjects
AFRICAN diaspora ,ECONOMIC development ,AFRICANS ,KOREAN television dramas ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Even though many African and Asian countries share a common history of European colonialism and thus a model of economic development shaped within the aegis of center-periphery analysis, many Asian countries have been able to ride through the burden of center-periphery economics and built more successful political economies than most African countries. This state of affairs has often led many African analysts to point to Asian success stories like China and South Korea for comparative analysis and often see these Asian countries as models of socio-economic and socio-cultural success to emulate. In particular, Africans in the Diaspora, especially Africans in China, tend to compare very frequently the socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions of their host countries with those of their source countries. This paper outlines and discusses how a group of Africans living in Hong Kong and other parts of Asia see Korea and Korean culture through the prism of Korean television dramas, which constitute a popular cultural phenomenon among Hong Kong/Asian youths. Through qualitative and quantitative survey methods, participant-observation, and questionnaire surveys, the paper reports on how African community members of Hong Kong and others think of Koreans. We show that Africans draw a lot of comparisons between Korean and African ways of conceptualizing the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
31. Non-binding Commitment? PolicyInterests of Countries in Environmental Cooperation in NortheastAsia.
- Author
-
Yoon, Esook
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *COLLECTIVE action , *COOPERATION , *NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations - Abstract
During the last ten years or so since 1992 Rio Earth Summit,there has been a virtual explosion of regional activity for environmental protection in Northeast Asia (NEA). Environmental cooperation has been institutionalized at both bilateral and multilateral levels and various projects to curb regional environmental problems have been adopted and implemented. The environment became reformulated as a regional political issue. Environmental cooperation in NEA shows an interesting characteristic in progress. Countries have developed formal cooperation at bilateral level by concluding either environmental treaties or agreements and setting up joint committees for implementing cooperation. Although less formal then bilateral cooperation, cooperation at the multilateral level also has shown a steady progress. Norms for collective action were firmly established and institutional arrangements were agreed. However, overall, environmental cooperation in NEA has been progressing into non-binding cooperation without clauses clearly describing official commitments for compliance and legal restrictions for non-compliance at either bilateral or multilateral cooperation. Adopting conventions or protocols has been avoided or rejected in negotiations. Why environmental cooperation in NEA is non-binding? This paper is an attempt to answer the question by exploring the progress of environmental negotiation in the region. Considering that environmental cooperation is a foreign policy issue of countries, the non-binding cooperation in NEA are policy choices of countries. By exploring political, economic, and environmental interests behind positions of countries in environmental negotiation, the paper concludes that the non-binding commitment for environmental cooperation could be a rational policy choice of countries in the region. In exploring countries’ interests in environmental politics in NEA, archival research, document analysis, and particularly, extensive elite interviews were applied to collect qualitative data. Elite interviewing was in particular an excellent form of data collection for this paper since the behavior of interests can be best described and explained by those who are deeply involved in policy-making processes. In this research, the validity of interviewees’ statements was determined by examining their plausibility, checking for internal consistency, referring to documents and reports from the government, research institutes, and environmental NGOs, and corroborating with other interviewees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Managing Hegemony in Asia: The Sino-American-Japanese relations and Asian Security.
- Author
-
Sato, Takeshi
- Subjects
- *
HEGEMONY , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL alliances - Abstract
This paper analyses an emerging interaction between bilateral and multilateral security arrangements for conflict resolution in Asia since the 1990s by emphasizing the correlation of Asian hegemony management with foreign policy strategies of the US, China and Japan. As protracted conflicts of the Korean Peninsula and the Taiwan Straits have threatened regional prosperity and stability, regional security institutions have become an important policy concern in the post-Cold War era. Detecting nascent multilateral institution-building in Asian regional security, this paper asks how and why US-led bilateral alliances interact with multilateral security arrangements such as the ASEAN Regional Forum and the ASEAN-Plus-Three. In order to examine this puzzle, the paper focuses on three points: (1) foreign policy strategies of three countries, (2) domestic interests concerning the feasibility and legitimacy of supplementing bilateralism with multilateralism in Asian security, and (3) impacts of Asian hegemony management on establishing regional security institutions. The paper compares the three countries’ preferences to regional security by focusing on the relationship between bilateralism of the US-led alliances and multilateralism. It then tries to demonstrate that both the dynamics of Asian hegemony management and the policy preferences concerning bilateralism and multilateralism are essential in understanding regional security arrangements in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
33. Norms and Rights: A Non-Recursive Model of Human Rights Protection.
- Author
-
Landman, Todd
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN rights , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL law , *COMPARATIVE government , *CIVIL rights , *DEMOCRATIZATION - Abstract
Drawing on theories from international relations, international law, and comparative politics, this paper tests the relationship between international human rights norms and human rights protection. Using a cross-national time series data set for 169 countries over the period 1976-2000, the paper explores the temporal and spatial patterns in the growth in the international human rights regime and the protection of human rights, and then models their mutual relationship using non-recursive estimation techniques, while controlling for the influences of democracy, wealth, international interdependence, warfare, population size, and regional differences. The results of the analysis show three things. First, the norms-rights relationship between the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights and the protection of civil and political rights is statistically significant and stronger than for the rights-norms relationship. Second, democracy, wealth, and international interdependence help explain both treaty ratification and greater protection of human rights. Third, the norms-rights relationship is less strong for Latin America, Africa, Asia and the Pacific. Overall, the findings suggest that formal participation in the international regime of human rights complements patterns of development, democratisation, and global interdependence, all of which are related to a greater protection of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. From Dependence to Autonomy. The Development of Asian Universities.
- Author
-
Altbach, Philip G., Selvaratnam, Viswanathan, Altbach, Philip G., and Selvaratnam, Viswanathan
- Abstract
A collection of works on the development of Asian universities is presented, focusing on an aspect of higher education not previously analyzed: the contemporary impact of Western academic systems in Asia. Eleven papers fall into three sections following the introduction, "Twisted Roots: The Western Impact on Asian Higher Education," (P. Altabach). The sections are: (1) The Non-Colonial Experience: "China's Universities and Western Academic Models" (R. Hayhoe); "Looking West and East: Thailand's Academic Development" (K. Watson); and "Independence and Choice: Western Impacts on Japanese Higher Education" (S. Nakayama); (2) The European Colonial Tradition: "The Western Impact on Philippine Higher Education" (A. Gonzalez); "The Origin of Modern Indonesian Higher Education" (W. Cummings and S. Kasenda); "Indian Higher Education: Colonialism and Beyond" (A. Basu); "Change Amidst Continuity: University Development in Malaysia" (V. Selvaratnam); and "University Education in Singapore: The Making of a National University" (S. Gopinathan); and (3) The Japanese Colonial Impact: "The Emergence of the Modern University in Korea" (S. Lee); and The Development of Higher Education in Taiwan" (W. Wu, S. Chen, and C. Wu). (SM)
- Published
- 1989
35. The EU's approach towards Asia: regional cooperation and regional conflicts in the past and today.
- Author
-
Scherwitz, Eva
- Subjects
FOREIGN relations of the European Union ,EXPORTS ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Within the context of EU-Asia relations, the EU has tried to export its regional integration model for decades. As regards this, the ASEAN has been the natural partner of the EU. This article gives an overview on how the EU has linked its regional integration efforts with the intention of transforming regional conflicts in the (East) Asian region in the past and today. It shows that the EU has in the past relied on active model setting and positioning in order to 'export' its regional integration approach. Recent developments, however, show that this approach has been abandoned. Although there has been a recent increase in EU policy papers on the region, the EU is currently embracing a rather soft approach based on socialization efforts when it comes to East Asian conflict issues. The paper concludes by stating that this is both the result of a cautious EU 'shying away' from adopting any precise position on pressing Asian security issues and of an adaptation of the EU approach towards a more modest modus operandi of mutual 'sharing of experiences and best practices.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Exploring challenges in mental health service provisions for school-going adolescents in Sri Lanka.
- Author
-
Jayawardena, H. Kaushi H. and Gamage, Gayani P.
- Subjects
CULTURE ,ATTITUDES toward mental illness ,SCHOOL mental health services ,HEALTH services accessibility ,COUNSELING ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,COUNSELORS ,HELP-seeking behavior ,QUALITATIVE research ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,EDUCATIONAL counseling ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Schools provide an ideal setting for early, accessible intervention according to research conducted in developed countries for adolescents experiencing adverse mental health (MH). Many schools in South Asia, however, lack structured and standardized school counselling services. Research indicates that where services do exist, students are reluctant to access them due to perceived high risks and low benefits in MH help seeking. This paper explores the challenges experienced in MH provision from the perspective of school counsellors. A qualitative approach was chosen, and three main themes emerged from the data using the thematic analysis: negative perceptions of MH and counselling, the unwillingness to invest in MH services, and the challenges inherent in the system itself. The findings reveal cultural implications behind these challenges and suggest grassroots level initiatives that can be implemented within schools to reduce the barriers to service provision without the need for legislative changes at a national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. (Trans)regionalism and South–South cooperation: Afrasia instead of Eurafrique?
- Author
-
Bachmann, Veit
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on developing countries ,REGIONALISM (International organization) ,EUROPEAN foreign relations ,AFRICAN economic integration ,AFRICA-China relations ,TWENTY-first century ,DIPLOMATIC history ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The paper engages critically with the increasing importance of South–South cooperation and the shift from African–European to African–Asian interaction. It argues that South–South cooperation is too often framed in a spatial logics of regional integration and transregional cooperation and thus reproduces spatial understandings that are characteristic for African–European relations but misplaced in the context of African–Asian relations. Moreover, it analyses perceptions about the difference of European and Asian cooperation partners amongst political and societal elites in Kenya and Tanzania, arguing that instead of a shift from African–European to Afrasian spaces of interaction, the two mutually coexist and fulfil complementary functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Measuring Progress of Regulatory Convergence and Cooperation Among Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Member Economies in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
- Author
-
Chong, Sannie Siaw Foong, Kim, Mirinea, Limoli, Michelle, Obscherning, Eric, Wu, Patricia, Feisee, Lila, Nakashima, Nobumasa, and Lim, John C. W.
- Subjects
DRUG approval ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,EQUIPMENT & supplies ,GOVERNMENT regulation ,COVID-19 vaccines ,MEDICAL equipment laws ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL agencies ,NEW product development laws ,NEW product development ,COVID-19 pandemic ,MEDICAL equipment - Abstract
Purpose: Regulatory convergence and cooperation among medical product regulatory authorities are essential to delivering safe and efficacious products quickly to patients. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the urgent need for streamlined regulatory approval processes—which can be achieved in part through regulatory convergence and cooperation—both to accelerate availability of COVID-19 vaccines, treatments and diagnostics and to maintain the availability of the existing medical products unrelated to COVID-19. Methods: The Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Life Sciences Innovation Forum (LSIF) established the Regulatory Harmonization Steering Committee (RHSC) in 2008 to advance regulatory convergence among APEC's 21 member economies. Key performance indicators (KPIs) were developed in 2018 to measure convergence. Results: This paper reports survey results collected from KPI tracking in March 2020 from medical product regulatory authorities in all 21 APEC economies concerning areas of regulatory practice in which they could converge and cooperate. For example, from 2008 to 2020, there was a 14.3% increase in the number of APEC member economy regulatory authorities sharing Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) Certificates and a 28% increase in the number of regulatory authorities accepting multisite licenses in that same period. In addition, this paper explores how APEC economies could realize a maximum level of regulatory convergence and cooperation. Conclusions: Convergence efforts within APEC can accelerate availability of medical products including that related to COVID-19 vaccines, treatments and diagnostics, while maintaining the availability of the existing medical products unrelated to COVID-19 vaccines and treatment. New KPIs and capability building are to be considered to enable a new era of innovation ushered in by COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Navigating Asia's Ascent.
- Author
-
Cushman, Jeremiah
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,AUSTRALIAN foreign relations - Abstract
The article reports on the release of the white paper titled "Australian in the Asian Century," by Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard. It is inferred that the paper addresses foreign policy issues involving Australia and Asia. The opportunities from the international relations between Australia and Asia are outlined.
- Published
- 2012
40. The Common Gas Market of the Eurasian Economic Union: Progress and Prospects for Institutionalization.
- Author
-
Shadrina, Elena
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper addresses the evolution of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), focusing in particular on newly endorsed institutional provisions for the common gas market (CGM) of the EAEU. The article is organized as follows. First, it outlines a conceptual framework informed by institutional theory. Second, it incorporates necessary insight into manifold developments related to integration among those post-Soviet economies which up to this point have been less definite in setting their agenda for formal economic association with the EU and examines the determinants for Eurasian integration. Third, it explains the principal institutions and model for the proposed CGM. Fourth, the paper discusses institutional complementarity and institutional change as they relate to the process of the CGM's formation. The study demonstrates that institutionally homogeneous EAEU economies display their intention to model the CGM by exploiting their existing complementarity in the gas sector, but assume the necessity of some institutional changes. The article concludes that institutional conversion and institutional drift (as they relate to market structure and pricing, respectively) will be the types of changes required to enforce complementarity in the process of materialization of the proposed CGM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Commentary on Asian arms industries and impact on military capabilities.
- Author
-
Cheung, Tai Ming
- Subjects
DEFENSE industries ,WEAPONS industry ,INDUSTRIALIZATION ,NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper shows how alliance networks have affected defence industrialization policies and processes in countries in the Asia-Pacific region. In countries that enjoyed security assurances from the United States like Japan and South Korea, they are primarily focused industrialization and technology development in civilian sectors, and consequently, defence industrialization is a secondary priority. On the other hand, defence industrialization was/is of higher priority for states that face acute security threats such as China and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. In contemporary industrialization processes, the paper concludes that the preference between commercial and defence industrialization is now closing, leading towards an integrated model from which both sectors can benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Conditions for Establishing a Regional Central Bank in East Asia.
- Author
-
Suzuka Fukahori
- Subjects
- *
CENTRAL banking industry , *SOCIAL constructionism , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *MONETARY policy , *COMMUNITY currency - Abstract
The question of this paper is, will it be possible for other regions to achieve a full monetary integration, like the EU did, by introducing a single common regional currency? What factors will shape the future of East Asian currency integration? The major issue discussed in this paper is whether the creation of an East Asian Central Bank (EACB) as an institution for a single currency management is possible and what are the necessary conditions to achieve this goal. This article applies a constructivist approach to regional monetary integration. I argue that sharing a common knowledge about monetary cooperation is a necessary condition for the achievement of monetary integration. In particular, the role of the committee of governor of national central banks is especially important. The task of this independent committee is to offer a plan of regional monetary policy. A region will achieve a high level of international monetary cooperation when a group of specialists working on monetary policy propose a blueprint of monetary integration and several ministers in the region agree with the plan. Regional members? attitude toward monetary integration is defined by the restricting structure on the regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
43. The China-India Relations: Protracted Conflict or Growing Cooperation?
- Author
-
Islam, A. K. M. Khairul
- Subjects
- *
BALANCE of power , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *POLITICAL stability , *PEACE ,ASIAN politics & government - Abstract
Abstract: Asian balance of power is changing rapidly due to rapid and simultaneous rise of the two Asian powers, China and India. Both countries have great power ambition and potentiality. They have more than one billion people, huge and rising economy, and growing military, industrial, and scientific capabilities. Their large geographical size and geo-strategic location also make them key actors in Asian politics. Future Asian security, stability and peace will absolutely depend on the relationship between these two countries. The question is: how these two countries have been engaging with one another since the end of the Cold War? What factors influencing their relations? This paper discusses these two questions. The paper is divided into the following sections: section one looks at the brief history of the relationship; section two discusses positive aspects of their relationship; section three examines negative aspects of their future relationship; and last section synthesizes the paper and makes a conclusion.Key Words: China, India, Sino-Indian relations, Asian balance of power, peace, and stability. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
44. The European Union as an International Actor: Europeanization and EU's Relations with Asia?
- Author
-
Jokela, Juha
- Subjects
- *
NON-state actors (International relations) , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *EUROPEANIZATION ,EUROPEAN foreign relations - Abstract
The international actorness of the European Union (EU) might be difficult to capture by exploring the past. Observers have emphasised EU's sui generis character and largely studied its internal processes giving rise to an increasing international presence and common foreign policy. However, the EU's international role has been increasingly important in anticipating the future. Accordingly, scholars have focused on EU's impact and role(s) in world politics. The key aim of this paper is to elucidate how the theoretical concept of Europeanization - as developed within the EU studies - might help us understand EU's international actorness. It is suggested that it enables us to account for (i) how the EU produces international action and (ii) how the EU's external engagements and interaction with other regions and actors feed back to its politics. The emphasis of this paper is on the latter. EU's relations with Asia are used as an exemplar. Since the mid 1990s, the EU has developed and adopted common strategies and policies towards Asia and its key actors. Its engagements have taken several forms including inter-regional dialogue as well as multi- and bilateral arrangements. Subsequently, the paper will examine what impact, if any, Asia has had on the EU. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
45. Consensus and Regional Institution Building:Is There any Prospect of a Free Trade Area in the Asia-Pacific?
- Author
-
Kabashima, Hiromi
- Subjects
- *
FREE trade , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
Though a free trade area in the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP) is now being advocated, the prospects are doubtful. In fact, the region-wide FTA-buildings which were proposed twice in the past were at a standstill. Why is the region-wide FTA-building so difficult in the Asia Pacific? This paper addresses this question from the variables that have contributed to APECâs evolution. Briefly speaking, âconsensusâ that has kept APEC stable and developed can be explained as an obstruction simultaneously. In order to explain why consensus may boost up and impede the regional governance, this paper deploys two factors that can make the opposite effects on consensus. One is the pending decision and another is the information gap. It will argue that consensus can impede the FTA-building through the examination of the past experiences. It will also suggest that the negative sites of consensus encourage creating bilateral FTAs. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
46. Nonhegemonic International Relations: A Preliminary Conceptualization.
- Author
-
Acharya, Amitav
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *HEGEMONY , *LIBERALISM , *CONSTRUCTIVISM (Philosophy) , *SOCIALIZATION - Abstract
This paper offers a preliminary conceptualization of a theory of nonhegemonic international orders (NHIO). To varying degrees, IR theories, including realism, liberalism, constructivism, and Gramscian critical theory have privileged hegemonic power and socialization in international order-building. Nonhegemonic international order theory (NHIOT) holds that international order is not simply a function of the power and preferences of hegemonic actors (or powerful states). A nonhegemonic order may be defined as a relative stable pattern of interactions without the individual or collective hegemony of great powers. NHIOT makes the following assumptions: (a) the main actors/agents in international relations are states, social groups, and international organizations; (b) the international system is an anarchy but hegemony is not a natural or inevitable solution to anarchy; resistance to hegemony may be a more a natural tendency; (c) the structure of the international system is both material and ideational and hence resistance to hegemony can be both material and ideational; (d) international cooperation is possible not only to organize resistance to, but also the socialization of, hegemony-seeking actors; and (e) nonhegemonic actors are not just passive recipients of universal ideas or collective goods, but active borrowers and exporters. The paper offers some examples of nonhegemonic international orders such as the diffusion of Indian political ideas in precolonial Asia, the Chinese tributary system, European Unionâs security community, and Indonesiaâs postcolonial role within Southeast Asia. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
47. The Power Structure of the Central World System 200 BC-100 BC.
- Author
-
Wilkinson, David
- Subjects
- *
POWER (Social sciences) , *WORLD system theory , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *HEGEMONY - Abstract
This paper is the ninth in a series in which the political careers of civilizations/world systems receive snapshot codings of their overall power structures at feasible intervals. The narratives are produced by collating histories with large frames of reference. The codings are done using a nominal variable, polarity, with seven available values. Previous articles in the series have examined the Indic system 550 BC--AD 1800, the Far Eastern 1025 BC--AD 1850, the Southwest Asian c. 2700--1500 BC, the Northeast African c. 2625--1500 BC. The Northeast African and Southwest Asian systems and sequences merged c. 1500 BC to form the Central system. Previous papers have coded this system from 1500 BC to 200 BC. The current paper narrates and codes the century from 200 BC to 100 BC at 10-year intervals. During this century, the Central system moved from unipolarity to hegemony and back; the polar state/hyperpower and hegemon was Rome. The century ended with Rome's economic and military capabilities increased, but with its strategic position in the Central system relatively weakened, because the core areas of its new potential main enemies (Parthia and Pontus) now lay farther from its military reach than those of its former potential main opponents (Macedonia and Syria). ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
48. Enhancing the Status of Asian Studies in Comparative Politics: The Role of an Expanded Field of Postcommunist Studies.
- Author
-
Sil, Rudra
- Subjects
- *
COMPARATIVE government , *POSTCOMMUNISM , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL relations, 1945-1989 - Abstract
This paper is intended to set the framework for the entire panel by tracing in broad strokes the place of Asian studies in the field of (post)communist studies and in comparative politics writ large. During the first two decades after World War II studies of China and Japan were commonly carried out within the unifying theoretical framework of modernization theory. The decline of modernization theory in the 1970s, however, led to a more attenuated relationship between specialists of Asian countries and the broader field of comparative politics. In the post-Cold War era, in spite of the common challenges faced by reformers in (post)communist Asia and Europe, there have been even fewer lines of intellectual communication and integration across Asian studies, the study of postcommunist Europe, and the field of comparative politics writ large. A handful of noteworthy exceptions notwithstanding, students analyzing transitions in postcommunist Europe have not taken advantage of the rich empirical analysis coming out of scholarship on Asian countries embarking on reform. Similarly, Asian studies remains comparatively insular, ignoring potentially insightful analyses coming out of transitional settings that emerged out of the former Soviet bloc. This paper argues that a broader, more refined field of comparative (post)communism needs to do a better job of comparing the experiences of Asian and East European reforms, and that this will also help reinvigorate the lines of communication between both fields and comparative politics writ large. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
49. The East Asian Peace and the ASEAN Way.
- Author
-
Kivimäki, Timo
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *PACIFISM - Abstract
The paper investigates if it is possible that the long ASEAN Peace since 1967 is a part of the East Asian Peace, which started elsewhere 12 years later. Instead of claiming causal relationship the paper suggests that the approaches that gave rise to ASEAN were also the genesis of East Asian Peace. The argument is that it is possible that East Asian peace, just as the ASEAN Peace, has originated in collectively adopted subjective approaches and orientations based on common constructions of the factual and normative reality of world politics. These approaches and orientations were first born in Southeast Asia after the regionally disastrous conflict between Indonesia and Malaysia, which involved the not-yet formally independent entities of Brunei and Singapore, and the regional states the Philippines (as Indonesia's ally), and Thailand. It is possible that the origin of East Asian Peace is the approach and orientation called, the ASEAN Way. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
50. Shifting Patterns of Alignment in the Asia Pacific: Developing a Conceptual Taxonomy.
- Author
-
Wilkins, Thomas S.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The paper examines the evolving security architecture of the Asia-Pacific region in an effort toward constructing a conceptually based taxonomy of alignment systems. The paper identifies three primary systems of alignment: alliances, security communities and strategic partnerships. First, it considers how alliances, traditionally analyzed in reference to the Cold War models of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, need re-conceptualizing to reflect the state of the current twenty first century security environment. Second, it critically considers security communities to determine the continued tenability of this concept. Thirdly, it aims to promote some conceptual clarity with respect to the widely employed but poorly understood notion of âstrategic partnershipsâ as a form of alignment. In order to empirically test and reinforce the conceptual base of the paper, the following Asia-Pacific alignments are examined as representative archetypes of these three alignment systems: the US hub/spoke âallianceâ network, the ASEAN âsecurity communityâ and the Sino-Russian âstrategic partnershipâ. Through this composite conceptual-empirical process the paper seeks to advance a better conceptual understanding of the dynamic security architecture of the Asia Pacific region. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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