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2. Pieces of the Puzzle: Success of Remedial and Non-Remedial Students. AIR 2002 Forum Paper.
- Author
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Crane, Laura R., McKay, Elizabeth R., and Poziemski, Christine
- Abstract
Students successful in developmental coursework later do as well or better than students not needing developmental courses. This study examined the performance of 3,873 students new to a college for the fall 1997 semester through the spring 2001 semester. Analysis of variance and logistic regression were used to tease out effects of level of developmental need and age when starting. Consecutive semester attendance and number of courses dropped were significant predictors for degree or certificate completion. Age group interacted with a number of variables examined in the study. (Contains 7 figures, 17 tables, and 19 references.) (Author/SLD)
- Published
- 2002
3. Prediction and Analysis of Freshman Retention. AIR 1998 Annual Forum Paper.
- Author
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Zhang, Zhicheng and RiCharde, R. Stephen
- Abstract
This paper tested the hypothesis that certain cognitive, affective, and psychomotor variables were significant predictors of college persistence in the first few weeks of the freshman year. Data for the study involved 462 freshmen, with an average age of 18, who matriculated in the fall of 1997 at a public higher education institution; about 93 percent of the participants were male; the ethnic background of the students was 8l.5 percent white, 8.4 percent black, 5.4 percent Asian, and 3.3 percent Hispanic. About 32 percent of the participants were engineering majors, 17 percent were science majors, and 47 percent were majoring in liberal arts. Dropouts were classified into three groups and were then compared with persisters in an analysis of variance study. Logistic regression identified self-efficacy and physical fitness as positive predictors of freshman retention, while judgment and empathy were negatively associated with persistence. Three reasons were identified for freshman attrition: inability to handle stress, mismatch between personal expectations and college reality, and lack of personal commitment to a college education. Intervention strategies to prevent early withdrawal are also discussed. Four tables summarize some of the data. (Contains 22 references.) (CH)
- Published
- 1998
4. Collegiate Influences on the Civic Values of Students. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.
- Author
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Rhee, Byung-Shik and Dey, Eric L.
- Abstract
This study, built upon prior work by E. Pascarella, C. Ethington, and J. Smart (1988), examined the influence of college upon the civic values held by students. Data were obtained from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program, a national longitudinal study of college students. Four sets of variables were used: civic values of students in 1985 and 1989; student individual characteristics; measures of college experience; and organizational characteristics of the institution. The within-school model used in the study showed that students who were more involved in college activities had better civic values than those with less involvement. Another finding was that church-affiliated, or more politically oriented, colleges were more effective in developing student civic values than other types of institutions. Six tables and two appendixes describe the variables and the statistics; summarize data and results for civic value factors, a random coefficient model, an intercept-and slopes-as-outcome model, and a one-way ANOVA model; and show proportion of variance in the final model. (Contains 19 references.) (CH)
- Published
- 1996
5. WASP (Write a Scientific Paper) using Excel 9: Analysis of variance.
- Author
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Grech V
- Subjects
- Biomedical Research education, Peer Review standards, Software, Analysis of Variance, Biostatistics methods, Medical Writing standards
- Abstract
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) may be required by researchers as an inferential statistical test when more than two means require comparison. This paper explains how to perform ANOVA in Microsoft Excel., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Do Stop Outs Return? A Longitudinal Study of Re-enrollment, Attrition, and Graduation. AIR 1998 Annual Forum Paper.
- Author
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Ahson, Nancy L., Gentemann, Karen M., and Phelps, Laura
- Abstract
This study examined graduation and attrition patterns of undergraduates who were enrolled in the fall semester but who did not return for the spring semester at a doctoral granting, metropolitan university. A total of 504 of the 1,262 students who enrolled in the fall 1992 semester but who did not return for the spring 1993 semester completed a questionnaire on persistence and attrition. Of the 504 stopouts, 482 were tracked using institutional enrollment files through the fall 1997 semester. As of the fall 1997 semester, 166 of the 482 stopouts were enrolled or had graduated from the institution, while 316 had not returned. It was found that 50 percent of the variance in freshmen persistence and attrition behavior among the stopouts was explained using a regression model containing 13 independent variables. It was also found that 16, 6, and 5 independent variables predicted 70 percent, 32 percent, and 24 percent, respectively, of the variance in persisting and nonreturning behavior among sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Two appendixes provide a copy of the nonreturning students' survey form and survey item correlations. (Contains 20 references.) (MDM)
- Published
- 1998
7. The Lasting Benefits Study (LBS) in Grades 4 and 5 (1990-1991): A Legacy from Tennessee's Four-Year (K-3) Class-Size Study (1985-1989), Project STAR. Paper #7.
- Author
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Tennessee State Univ., Nashville. Center of Excellence for Research in Basic Skills. and Achilles, C. M.
- Abstract
A 4-year longitudinal experiment conducted in Tennessee examined class-size effects on student achievement in kindergarten through grade 3. The Student Teacher Achievement Ratio (STAR) project included more than 7,000 students per year in 79 schools in 42 school systems. Class size categories were: small class (13-17 students), regular class (22-26 students), and regular class with full-time teacher aide. Students and teachers were randomly assigned to class categories. The study found that students in small classes made significantly (statistically and educationally) greater gains than other students. In addition, minority students in small classes benefitted more than minority students in other class categories. It was also determined that gains achieved in kindergarten were maintained through third grade. Analyses showed a continuing, powerful class-size effect in all locations. However, no consistent teacher-aide effect was evident in the study. The Lasting Benefits Study (LBS) had already analysed data from a sample of STAR pupils through grades 4 and 5 in an attempt to determine whether gains STAR students achieved in small classes carried through to those grades. The LBS found that students who were in STAR small classes at least in grade 3 were statistically and educationally ahead of other STAR students. Three appendices include STAR data collection instruments, primary and extended analyses designs, and analysis of variance for cognitive outcomes. (Author/JPT)
- Published
- 1993
8. Freehand drawing activity: a comparison between tablet-finger vs paper&crayon throughout time.
- Author
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Paule Ruiz, MPuerto, Sánchez Santillán, Miguel, and Pérez-Pérez, Juan Ramón
- Subjects
- *
MOBILE apps , *MOTOR ability , *PORTABLE computers , *GRAPHIC arts , *PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation , *DATA analysis , *RESEARCH funding , *DRAWING , *CLINICAL trials , *INTERVIEWING , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHI-squared test , *CREATIVE ability , *TEACHERS , *ONLINE education , *COLLEGE teacher attitudes , *ANALYSIS of variance , *STATISTICS , *COMPARATIVE studies , *VISUAL perception , *DATA analysis software , *CHILDREN - Abstract
The apps for drawing are present in our children's life. Nevertheless, little is known about the impact of mobile technology on the freehand drawing educational activity. There are few works which are contextualised within short periods of time, with teachers who are not theirs and, in some cases, outside the children's classroom. In this paper, we are focussed on the use of technology on freehand drawing activity. Thus, we have compared the graphics produced by 4- and 5-year-old children with paper&crayon in comparison with those with tablet-finger. Children made the drawings during a planned free-drawing activity, in their ordinary classrooms, with their teachers and during five sessions. Assessment of drawings has evidenced tablet feasibility for making graphics. Nevertheless, with the passing of time, quality of graphics (tablet-finger vs paper&crayons), are nearly matched, demonstrating the low impact level technology has on this activity. In addition, if drawings are analysed specifically according to ages, results have shown that both groups have to develop adaptation strategies of visual perceptual skills and fine motor skills for the touch screen in order to obtain the same quality in the drawings made on both support types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Attitudes towards Computerization in Canadian Universities. Technical Paper #4.
- Author
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Canadian International Development Agency, Ottawa (Ontario)., Misfeldt, Renee, and Stahl, William A.
- Abstract
This report summarizes the attitudinal portion of a nation-wide survey on the computerization of Canadian universities. Six different questionnaires, each of which contained the same questions on attitudes, were mailed to faculty, deans, admissions, officers, registrars, computer center directors, and other administrators at 63 Canadian universities. The overall return rate for the survey was 28.6%, thus restricting the conclusions that can be drawn from the results. Questions on the 30-item survey were grouped according to instruction, administration, equity, and social impact. Independent variables that were explored included the size of the university, the level of education, and the age of the respondent. Results of the survey showed that, within the university, there were few significant differences in attitudes between variable groups. Overall, there was a positive feeling about computers within the university which cut across all groups. There were differences, however, in the level of positive attitudes among the subjects, with the strongest differences in attitudes occurring between the faculty and the administrative staff. There was a strong tendency for senior administrators to be the most enthusiastic of all, while the faculty were more circumspect about the changes to teaching that the computer will supposedly bring. Data are presented in five tables and four figures as well as a narrative report. The appendices contain a copy of the attitude survey questions, and a table showing the breakdown of the attitude survey data by question. (DB)
- Published
- 1991
10. Airborne power ultrasound for paper drying: an experimental study.
- Author
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Noori O'Connor, Zahra and Yagoobi, Jamal S.
- Subjects
- *
ULTRASONIC imaging , *FACTORIAL experiment designs , *PERMEABILITY measurement , *DOPPLER ultrasonography , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ENERGY consumption , *AIRBORNE-based remote sensing - Abstract
A novel approach for paper drying using airborne ultrasound technology is presented. A unique experimental setup is developed, and a systematic study is conducted using 23 factorial design of experiments and Analysis of Variance. Three controlling factors are considered in the experiments including the initial moisture content, basis weight and refining condition. The outcome of the experiments is compared to a previous work on direct-contact ultrasonic drying of paper. The results confirm that similar to direct-contact, for airborne ultrasonic drying, the basis weight/thickness of the sample is the most important factor in ultrasonic drying and it is followed by the effect of initial moisture content. Using linear regression model, a correlation for predicting the total time of ultrasonic drying is provided. Quality of the dried samples is evaluated, and the permeability measurements confirmed the effect of pore characteristics on ultrasonic drying. The analysis for energy consumption reveals that airborne ultrasonic drying is more efficient at higher moisture contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Detecting Collaborations in Text: Comparing the Authors' Rhetorical Language Choices in the Federalist Papers
- Author
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Collins, Jeff, Kaufer, David, Vlachos, Pantelis, Butler, Brian, and Ishizaki, Suguru
- Published
- 2004
12. Paper-Based versus Computer-Based Assessment: Key Factors Associated with the Test Mode Effect.
- Author
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Clariana, Roy and Wallace, Patricia
- Abstract
Describes a study that seeks to confirm several key factors in computer-based versus paper-based assessment. Based on earlier research, the factors considered in this study of undergraduates include content familiarity; computer familiarity; competitiveness; and gender. Reports results of analysis of variance that showed the computer-based test group outperformed the paper-based test group. (Author/LRW)
- Published
- 2002
13. That-Nominal Constructions in Traditional Rhetorical Divisions of Scientific Research Papers
- Author
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West, Gregory K.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Responding to Free Response Examination Questions: Computer versus Pen and Paper.
- Author
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MacCann, Robert, Eastment, Benjamin, and Pickering, Samantha
- Abstract
Describes a two-part study involving 14- to 15-year-old high school students in New South Wales (Australia) that compared two modes of responding to free response examination questions: by computer and by pen and paper. Discusses results of analysis of variance. (Author/LRW)
- Published
- 2002
15. Experimental study of paper drying with direct-contact ultrasound mechanism.
- Author
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Noori O'Connor, Zahra, Yagoobi, Jamal S., and Tilley, Burt S.
- Subjects
- *
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *ULTRASONIC effects , *FACTORIAL experiment designs , *ANALYSIS of variance , *SURFACE roughness , *GREEN technology - Abstract
A systematic-study is conducted using an innovative technology for paper drying by applying ultrasound mechanism. The advantages include greater energy efficiency, lower drying time and temperature, improvement of the product quality, and it is considered a green technology. The effects of initial moisture content, thickness, and refining condition are studied for different types of pulps (hardwood and softwood) using 23 factorial design of experiments. Analysis of Variance show that in the range of the studied parameters, thickness has the maximum effect on ultrasonic drying time followed by the initial moisture content. In addition, using a linear regression model, a relationships for the total time of drying is provided. The results confirmed that ultrasonic drying is more efficient at higher moisture content and higher thickness of the sample. These results are related to the structural characteristic of the samples such as porosity, pore distribution, and surface roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Comparability of a Paper-Based Language Test and a Computer-Based Language Test.
- Author
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Choi, Inn-Chull, Kim, Kyoung Sung, and Boo, Jaeyool
- Abstract
Utilizing the Test of English Proficiency, developed by Seoul National University (TEPS), examined comparability between the paper-based language test and the computer-based language test based on content and construct validation employing content analyses based on corpus linguistic techniques in addition to such statistical analyses as correlational analyses, analysis of variance, and confirmatory factor analysis. (Author/VWL)
- Published
- 2003
17. Interval Estimation of [Omega Squared], the Proportion of Variance Associated with a Set of Fixed Treatments. Iowa Testing Programs Occasional Paper Number 32.
- Author
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Iowa Testing Programs, Iowa City., Feldt, Leonard S., and Melican, Gerald J.
- Abstract
Experimenters sometimes wish to estimate for a particular dependent variable the proportion of total group variance that is associated with mean differences among fixed treatments or subject classifications. Hays (1981) represents this proportion by the parameter omega squared. A point estimate may be easily computed as a function of the number of treatments, the total sample size, and the mean squares between and within treatments. This paper presents tables which facilitate the construction of 90 or 95 percent confidence intervals for omega squared. (Author)
- Published
- 1983
18. The Effect of Three Different Kinds of Feedback: Hint, Correct Answer, and Right/Wrong. IDD&E Working Paper No. 11.
- Author
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Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education., Feng, Betty, and Reigeluth, Charles M.
- Abstract
Self-instructional booklets simulating computer-assisted instruction (CAI) were used to teach four basic concepts in science to first graders in three treatment groups which received different types of feedback--hints, correct answers, and right or wrong. A control group received neither instruction nor feedback. A multiple-choice test was administered to the 47 students in the 4 groups following completion of the instruction. It was found that the group provided with hints had the highest mean; the group provided with the correct answer had the second highest mean; the group provided with right/wrong feedback had the second lowest mean; and the control group had the lowest mean. The results were inconclusive with respect to the hypotheses as there were no significant differences among the group means. Possible causes are suggested in the discussion that concludes the report. A table summarizing the means and standard deviations, a flowchart showing the hypothesized model of relationships between different forms of feedback, and samples of generalities, practice items, and test items are provided. Lists of 12 references and 10 prior IDD&E working papers are also included. (Author/RP)
- Published
- 1983
19. The Effects of Sequence and Synthesis on Concept Learning Using a Parts-Conceptual Structure. IDD&E Working Paper No. 8.
- Author
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Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education., Carson, C. Herbert, and Reigeluth, Charles M.
- Abstract
This study investigated the effects of sequence and synthesis prescriptions from the Elaboration Theory by teaching the parts of a microcomputer system based on a parts-conceptual structure. A 2x3 factorial design was used which incorporated two sequences, general-to-detailed and detailed-to-general, and three levels of synthesizer, i.e., no synthesizer, synthesizer first, and synthesizer last. The subjects were 128 eighth-grade pupils who were randomly assigned to the six treatment groups. Each group viewed a slide/tape presentation followed by a paper-and-pencil test on attributes and relationships of 19 concepts. A two-way analysis of variance revealed that the attributes of the concepts were learned equally well by all groups, but relationships were learned better (1) with a general-to-detailed sequence than with a detailed-to-general sequence (p.<05), and (2) with the synthesizer last (p<.01) or no synthesizer at all (p.<05) than with the synthesizer first. Twenty-five references are provided. (Author/RP)
- Published
- 1983
20. A Comparative Analysis of Methods for Tactical Data Inputting. Technical Paper 327.
- Author
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Army Research Inst. for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Arlington, VA. and Fields, Alison F.
- Abstract
Four different methods for inputting enemy situation data--(1) typing, (2) typing with error correction, (3) menus (choosing appropriate entry from a list), and (4) typing with autocompletion and an English option--were compared for speed, accuracy, and ease of use. Thirty-two enlisted men and women, none of whom had used the inputting techniques being studied, were randomly assigned to the four method groups. The subjects acted as intelligence staff entering information about the enemy into a computerized data base. Subjects received free text messages describing enemy actions, extracted necessary information, and entered the appropriate codes into a variation of the Enemy Situation Data Add (ESDA) format of the TOS system. Results indicated that menus were more error free than the other inputting methods; also, menus were popular among the subjects and did not have higher mean times than the other inputting methods. To maximize the benefits of the menus, special attention should be given to the design of an operational menu-based inputting system, particularly with respect to length, display speed, and item selection. Spelling correctors or autocompletion should be considered only for experienced users and in operational settings that specifically require such aids. (CMV)
- Published
- 1978
21. The Effects of Scorekeeping on Student Motivation in a Computer-Assisted Arithmetic Drill and Practice Game. IDD&E Working Paper No. 21.
- Author
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Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education., Spuches, Charles M., and Reigeluth, Charles M.
- Abstract
This study investigated the effects of scorekeeping on student motivation in a computer assisted arithmetic drill and practice game. A 2x2 factorial design was used which incorporated the four treatments formed by time score (present and absent) and rank score (present and absent). Selected on the basis of their previous experience with the procedure of carrying in addition problems, the subjects were 52 second grade students who were randomly assigned to the four treatments. After a brief introduction and demonstration of the rules of the game, each student could elect to play further rounds to a maximum of 15 minutes. Motivation was measured by the number of rounds elected. An analysis of variance calculated for the number of rounds played indicated that there was no significant treatment effect. Discussion of the results and suggestions for further studies conclude the report. (Author/RP)
- Published
- 1985
22. The Effects of Analogies on Student Motivation and Performance in an Eighth Grade Science Context. IDD&E Working Paper No. 9.
- Author
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Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education., Curtis, Ruth V., and Reigeluth, Charles M.
- Abstract
Focusing on the achievement and motivational effects of analogies of varying enrichment levels when used with abstract, unfamiliar, and difficult content, this study examined their effects on instruction at the recall and application levels using content consisting of both concepts and principles. The subjects were 123 eighth-grade science students who were assigned to one of three treatment groups for each of six topics: (1) no analogy, (2) simple analogy, and (3) enriched analogy. An instructional booklet and a posttest booklet were distributed to each student, and both immediate and delayed posttests were administered. Analysis of variance revealed no significant main effects on any of the immediate posttests, i.e., recall, application, or total. In contrast, significance was approached or reached on 5 of the 12 delayed achievement test measures, 1 on the recall level and 4 on the application level. The results of this study suggest that, although analogies may not be very useful for either rote remember-level learning or application-level learning, they may often be very useful for creating linkages within memory that would have an important influence on meaningful understanding, long-term retention, far transfer, problem solving, and the skill of analogical reasoning. A 31-item reference list is provided. (RP)
- Published
- 1983
23. A Comparison of Three Instructional Presentation Formats. IDD&E Working Paper No. 6.
- Author
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Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education., Keller, Bonnie, and Reigeluth, Charles M.
- Abstract
Inconsistencies in the use of terminology to describe instructional treatments, confounding of discovery and expository methods with other aspects of instruction, and inconsistencies in defining independent and dependent variables within and between studies have all contributed to the lack of definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of different instructional methods. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three instructional methods, i.e., expository, discovery, and a modified form of discovery, Component Display Theory, which incorporated the rule given in the expository lesson using a theoretical paradigm for analyzing the components of instruction. The subjects were 50 third-graders from Syracuse, New York, and a concept taken from beginning set theory in conceptual mathematics was selected as the task. While none of the instructional treatments proved to be significantly better on the overall test incorporating both application and transfer subscales, a few differences did emerge through analysis of the subscale results. The findings indicated that explicitly providing a generality, whether at the beginning or at the end of a lesson, will facilitate performance on applying that generality. A 15-item reference list is provided. (RP)
- Published
- 1982
24. Type and Position of Adjunct Questions: Their Effects on Memory and Application. IDD&E Working Paper No. 7.
- Author
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Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education., Darwazeh, Afnan N., and Reigeluth, Charles M.
- Abstract
This study examined the effects of the type of adjunct questions (use-a-generality, remember-a-generality, and remember-an-instance) and the position of these questions either before the relevant text passage (pre-questions) or after it (post-questions) on the three corresponding performance levels of learning. The subjects were 74 eighth-grade students at a suburban school in Syracuse, New York, and the materials for the learning task consisted of an approximately 450-word passage selected from a social studies textbook for this grade level. Six different treatment groups were used, with each group receiving adjunct questions which varied as to performance level and placement of the questions. The results were analyzed separately for each level of performance as well as for the total test score. None of the effects reached significance for any of the subtests. These results suggest that, in order to optimize learning, the position of the adjunct questions must be taken into account as well as the type of question to be used. An 18-item reference list is provided. (RP)
- Published
- 1982
25. Hypertext, CAI, Paper, or Program Control: Do Learners Benefit from Choices?
- Author
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McGrath, Diane
- Abstract
Compares the performance of education undergraduates with high or low spatial-skill scores who learned how to calculate surface area using hypertext, computer-assisted instruction, conventional paper materials, or program control. Results are reported for misconceptions, correct problems, time on lesson, enjoyment rating, screens viewed, and nonsequential choices. (20 references) (LAE)
- Published
- 1992
26. Comments to the editor concerning the paper entitled "Reproductive malformation of the male offspring following maternal exposure to estrogenic chemicals" by C. Gupta.
- Author
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Elswick BA, Miller FJ, and Welsch F
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Male, Mice, Rats, Reproducibility of Results, Analysis of Variance, Estrogens adverse effects, Maternal Exposure statistics & numerical data, Prostatic Diseases chemically induced, Urogenital Abnormalities chemically induced
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Modeling of Insulation Paper Damage in the Assembly of a Solid Slot Winding
- Author
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Blaz Stefe and Marjan Jenko
- Subjects
Analysis of variance ,breakdown voltage ,design for experiments ,design for manufacture ,dielectrics and electrical insulation ,extended additive model ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Tight assembly of stator windings with no insulation paper damage is a manufacturing challenge. We evaluate different sets of parts according to the following parameters: magnet wire thickness, stator slot smoothness, length of the straight magnet wire after the slot end, and type and amount of insulation cap at the end of the slot. These parameters have discrete values with small differences between them. The damage criterion is the decrease of the insulation paper breakdown voltage after assembly/disassembly of parts, assembled in a small set of designed experiments. Parameter values, i.e., levels at individual experiments are set by an orthogonal experiment matrix. Repetition of each experiment provides statistical significance. Data analysis shows that the additive model alone is not sufficient due to the high correlation of the parameters' influences. We extend the model to include interparameter influences, which we model by adding a virtual parameter. The extended additive model generates parameter values that do not degrade the insulation paper breakdown voltage within the manufacturing process. These values are verified by repetitions of the control experiment.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Measurement equivalence of the paper-based and electronic version of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS): A randomised crossover trial.
- Author
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Bolzani, Anna, Kupf, Sophie, Hodiamont, Farina, Burner-Fritsch, Isabel, Bausewein, Claudia, and Ramsenthaler, Christina
- Subjects
- *
RESEARCH , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *ANALYSIS of variance , *RESEARCH methodology evaluation , *AGE distribution , *RESEARCH methodology , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *COMPARATIVE studies , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *INTRACLASS correlation , *RESEARCH funding , *CROSSOVER trials , *STATISTICAL sampling , *STATISTICAL correlation , *PALLIATIVE treatment , *EVALUATION ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Background: The Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS) validly and reliably measures symptoms and concerns of those receiving palliative care. Aim: To determine the equivalence of the paper version with an electronic version of the IPOS (eIPOS). Design: Multicentre randomised crossover trial (NCT03879668) with a within-subject comparison of the two modes (washout period 30 min). Setting/Participants: Convenience sample of specialist inpatient and palliative home care patients aged over 18 years with cancer and non-cancer conditions was recruited. Scores were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland-Altman plots and via a mixed-effects analysis of variance. Results: Fifty patients were randomised to complete paper-electronic (n = 24) and electronic-paper (n = 26) IPOS with median age 69 years (range 24–95), 56% male, 16% non-cancer. The ICCs showed very high concordance for the total score (ICC 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00), lowest ICCs being observed for symptoms 'Appetite loss' and 'Drowsiness' (ICC 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.97). Nine of seventeen items had ICCs above 0.98, as did all subscales. No statistically significant mode, order, age, and interaction effects were observed for IPOS total score and subscales, except for 'Communication' (Fmode = 5.9, p = 0.019). Fifty-eight percent preferred the electronic version. In the group 75+ years, 53% preferred the paper version. Only three entries in the free-text main problems differed between the versions. Conclusion: The very high equivalence in scores and free text between the IPOS and the eIPOS demonstrates that eIPOS is feasible and reliable in an older palliative population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Multivariate Optimization of Operational Parameters in Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices for the Determination of Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides.
- Author
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Beshana, Sheleme, Hussen, Ahmed, Leta, Seyoum, and Kaneta, Takashi
- Subjects
- *
RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics) , *FENITROTHION , *PESTICIDES , *ORGANOPHOSPHORUS pesticides , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE - Abstract
The aim of this study is to employ a response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize experimental parameters in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µ-PADs). The independent parameters include concentrations and volumes of acetylcholinesterase, acetylthiocholine iodide, and 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Their effect on mean color intensity was tested and optimized. From the analysis of variance, high regression and fitting values were obtained between the experimental and RSM predicted mean color intensity. Under optimum conditions, satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.9990) in the range of 0.25–16 mg/L was obtained for the studied pesticides. The limit of detection (LOD) varies from 0.13 to 0.27 mg/L; high precision (RSD of 3.8–8.0%), reproducibility (RSD of 7.2–11.0%), and recovery (78–97%) were achieved. The RSM approach has been demonstrated to be more efficient than the traditional approach. It resulted in a µ-PAD system with less amount of reagent usage and better LOD compared with a univariate approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Studentized Range Graph Paper: A Graphical Tool for the Comparison of Treatment Means
- Author
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Feder, Paul I.
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The efficacy of appropriate paper-based technology for Kenyan children with cerebral palsy.
- Author
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Barton, Catherine, Buckley, John, Samia, Pauline, Williams, Fiona, Taylor, Suzan R., and Lindoewood, Rachel
- Subjects
- *
PILOT projects , *STATISTICS , *ANALYSIS of variance , *POSTURAL balance , *RESEARCH methodology , *CHILDREN with cerebral palsy , *INTERVIEWING , *POVERTY areas , *FUNCTIONAL assessment , *T-test (Statistics) , *ASSISTIVE technology , *RESEARCH funding , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *STATISTICAL sampling , *DISABILITY chairs , *DATA analysis software , *DATA analysis , *FRIEDMAN test (Statistics) - Abstract
Appropriate paper-based technology (APT) is used to provide postural support for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low-resourced settings. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact of APT on the children's and families' lives. A convenience sample of children with CP and their families participated. Inclusion was based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V. APT seating or standing frames were provided for six months. A mixed methods impact of APT devices on the children and families included the Family Impact Assistive Technology Scale for Adaptive Seating (FIATS-AS); the Child Engagement in Daily Life (CEDL) questionnaire; and a qualitative assessment from diary/log and semi-structured interviews. Ten children (median 3 years, range 9 months to 7 years). Baseline to follow-up median (IQR) FIATS-AS were: 22.7 (9.3) and 30.3 (10.2), respectively (p=.002). Similarly mean (SD) CEDL scores for "frequency" changed from 30.5 (13.2) to 42.08 (5.96) (p=.021) and children's enjoyment scores from 2.23 (0.93) to 2.91 (0.79) (p=.019). CEDL questionnaire for self-care was not discriminatory; seven families scored zero at both baseline and 6 months. Qualitative interviews revealed three key findings; that APT improved functional ability, involvement/interaction in daily-life situations, and a reduced family burden of care. APT devices used in Kenyan children with non-ambulant CP had a meaningful positive effect on both the children's and their families' lives. Assistive devices are often unobtainable for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low-income countries. APT is a low cost and sustainable solution to make seating and standing devices for disabled children in Kenya. The regular use of a postural support device enhanced the children's motor skills, ability to function and participate in everyday activities, reduced the burden of care for the families and promoted the children's social interaction. The postural support devices were highly valued and utilised by the children and families in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. [Tukey's Paper after 40 Years]: Discussion
- Author
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Brillinger, David R.
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- 2006
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33. A Biometrics Invited Paper: Logical, Epistemological and Statistical Aspects of Nature-Nurture Data Interpretation
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Kempthorne, Oscar
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
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34. Comparisons of Paper-Administered, Computer-Administered and Computerized Adaptive Achievement Tests.
- Author
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Olsen, James B.
- Abstract
Describes study that was designed to compare student achievement scores from three different testing methods: paper-administered testing, computer-administered testing, and computerized adaptive testing. The California Assessment Program (CAP) item banks for grades three and six which this study incorporated are described, and results are analyzed. (43 references) (LRW)
- Published
- 1989
35. A Biometrics Invited Paper with Discussion. Some Aspects of Analysis of Covariance
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Cox, D. R. and McCullagh, P.
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- 1982
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36. A statistical approach to calibrating the scores of biased reviewers of scientific papers
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Kuhlisch, Wiltrud, Roos, Magnus, Rothe, Jörg, Rudolph, Joachim, Scheuermann, Björn, and Stoyan, Dietrich
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. How to Read a Paper: Statistics for the Non-Statistician. I: Different Types of Data Need Different Statistical Tests
- Published
- 1997
38. Assessing the Reliability of Survey Instruments. AIR 1983 Annual Forum Paper.
- Author
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Valiga, Michael J.
- Abstract
An analysis of variance approach to estimating reliability is examined. This approach uses an internal-consistency index for estimating the reliability of survey instruments containing ranked items, and is recommended when the relative ranking of item means is of interest to survey researchers. The computation of this index is demonstrated using data from three American College Testing Program surveys: Student Opinion Survey, Entering Student Survey, and Adult Learner Needs Assessment Survey. Eighteen of the 250 postsecondary institutions that utilized these surveys between 1980 and 1983 were studied. Survey records were analyzed using a coefficient reliability procedure available through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The reliability estimate requires little computation, since the mean square values necessary to calculate the estimate may be obtained directly from analysis of variance tables. Since the approach is based on the internal-consistency of raters' responses, only one administration of the instrument is necessary. The major problem in using the proposed approach centers on the treatment of missing data. A bibliography is appended. (SW)
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- 1983
39. Multivariate Analysis in Institutional Research. AIR Forum 1979 Paper.
- Author
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Carney, Paul
- Abstract
This introduction to the theory and application of multivariate analysis is designed to assist institutional researchers who are interested in using these techniques to analyze issues within their respective institutions. A brief introduction to multivariate theory, consisting of a rationale for multivariate statistics and an overview of selected multivariate techniques, is presented. Applications of multivariate analysis in institutional research, obtained from a review of the literature in the field, are discussed, with particular emphasis given to studies because of their utilization of intrainstitutional, rather than interinstitutional data. The studies described used a variety of multivariate statistical procedures, including multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, canonical correlation, and factor analysis. Possible applications are suggested in the traditional institutional research areas of students, faculty, academic programs, resource allocation, and institutional evaluation. Additional potential applications of multivariate analysis in institutional research are also suggested, including using discriminant analysis as a classification technique. (SC)
- Published
- 1979
40. Comment on the paper 'Soil microplastic pollution under different land uses in tropics, southwestern China'.
- Author
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Chia, Rogers Wainkwa, Lee, Jin-Yong, and Cha, Jihye
- Subjects
- *
SOIL pollution , *FILTER paper , *SOIL science , *DISSECTING microscopes , *LAND use , *SUBSOILS - Abstract
Research on soil microplastics is currently at an early stage, and there is no widely approved sampling protocol. Even so, any basic research should minimize errors to ensure that they are not amplified in future research. This paper examines some weaknesses of the original research paper 'Soil microplastic pollution under different land uses in tropics, southwestern China' recently published in this journal. The authors neglected to report the equipment used for soil sampling and did not use field blank samples. There is also a soil layer that was incorrectly named. The type and pore size of filter paper used for filtration during pre-analytical soil sample preparation is very important. In this paper the nature of the filter paper used, and its larger pore sizes are questionable by today's scientists. In addition, the authors in the original paper also overlooked reporting the statistical package used for statical analysis and ensuring if all data sets obey normality, homogeneity, and equality before running the one-way ANOVA test. This statistical step is widely considered mandatory, especially in the soil science community. So, this makes it difficult to trust the results documented. Furthermore, in the original paper, the needle and stereo microscope instruments used to sort microplastic-like materials prior to proper analysis are not reliable. [Display omitted] • A dissecting needle and stereo microscope shouldn't be used to sort out soil microplastics. • Gold-coated filter paper with smaller pore size is better than nitrocellulose filter paper. • The 0–10cm is the top soil layer and 10–20cm is the subsoil layer not a deep soil layer. • The statistical package used for analysis must be documented accordingly. • If the dataset is a normal distribution prior to ANOVA testing, it must be confirmed and reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Comparison of the quality of documentation between electronic and paper medical records in orthopaedic trauma patients.
- Author
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Witkowski, Chris, Kimmel, Lara, Edwards, Elton, and Cosic, Filip
- Subjects
- *
ANALYSIS of variance , *PATIENTS , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *DOCUMENTATION , *T-test (Statistics) , *EMERGENCY medical services , *MEDICAL records , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ORTHOPEDICS , *ELECTRONIC health records , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Objective: The medical record is critical for documentation and communication between healthcare professionals. This study compared the completeness of orthopaedic documentation between the electronic medical record (EMR) and paper medical record (PMR). Methods: A review was undertaken of 400 medical records (200 EMR, 200 PMR) of patients with operatively managed traumatic lower limb injury. The operative report, discharge summary and first and second out-patient reviews were evaluated using criteria designed by a senior orthopaedic surgeon and senior physiotherapist. The criteria included information deemed critical to the post-operative care of the patient in the first 6 weeks post-surgery. Results: In all cases, an operative report was completed by a senior surgeon. Notable findings included inferior documentation of patient weight-bearing status on the operative report in the EMR than PMR group (P = 0.018). There was a significant improvement in the completion of discharge summaries in the EMR compared with PMR cohort (100% vs 82.5% respectively; P < 0.001). In the PMR group, 70.0% of discharge summaries were completed and adequately documented, compared with 91.5% of those in the EMR group (P < 0.001). At out-patient review, there was an improvement in documentation of weight-bearing instructions in the EMR compared with PMR group (81.1% vs 76.2% respectively; P = 0.032). Conclusion: The EMR is associated with an improvement in the standard of orthopaedic medical record documentation, but deficiencies remain in key components of the medical record. What is known about the topic?: Medical records are an essential tool in modern medical practice and have significant implications for patient care and management, communication and medicolegal issues. Despite the importance of comprehensive documentation, numerous examples of poor documentation continue to be demonstrated. Recently, significant changes to the medical record in Australia have been implemented with the conversion of some hospitals to an EMR and the implementation of the My Health Record. What does this paper add?: Standards of patient care should be monitored continuously and deficiencies identified in order to implement measures for improvement and to close the quality loop. This study has highlighted that although there has been improvement in medical record keeping with the implementation of an EMR, the standard of orthopaedic medical record keeping continues to be below what is expected, and several key areas of documentation require improvement. What are the implications for practitioners?: The implications of these findings for practitioners are to highlight current deficiencies in documentation and promote change in current practice to improve the quality of medical record documentation among medical staff. Although the EMR has improved documentation, there remain areas for further improvement, and hospital administrators will find these observations useful in implementing ongoing change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Development of Locative Expressions in English, Italian, Serbo-Croatian, and Turkish. Papers and Reports on Child Language Development, No. 13.
- Author
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Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Linguistics., Johnson, Judith R., and Slobin, Dan I.
- Abstract
A study was conducted in 1972-73 in Berkeley, Rome, Dubrovnik, and Istanbul, in order to examine the differences and similarities in the sequence of the development of locative expressions in English, Italian, Serbo-Croatian, and Turkish. The subjects consisted of 48 two-, three-, and four-year-olds in each field site. Groups of three girls and three boys were tested at each of eight age levels, and each child was re-tested four months later. The experimenter, in each case a female native speaker, placed objects on a table and elicited locative expressions from each child. Seven expressions were investigated, corresponding to the English "in,""on,""under,""beside,""between,""in back," and "in front." The total number of different locative notions expressed by each child was counted and correlated with language, age, sex, and time factors. The Guttman scaling procedures were used to establish the order in which each notion was learned in each language. Results suggest that the course of acquisition of these locative expressions in these children includes both cross-linguistic similarities and differences which can be explained by a complex interaction of conceptual difficulty, cognitive salience, and linguistic complexity. (AM)
- Published
- 1977
43. Effects of Four Instructional Sequences on Application and Transfer. IDD&E Working Paper No. 12
- Author
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Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education. and Chao, Chun-I
- Abstract
Using the Component Display Theory as an analyzing tool, this study compared the effects of expository and discovery methods of instruction on two learning outcomes, application and transfer. One hundred ninth grade students in each of four earth science classes were randomly assigned to five groups--four experimental groups designed to test four instructional sequences and a control group. The sequences investigated were: (1) GEPG, i.e., a generality at the beginning of a lesson, followed by examples and practice exercises, and ending with a restatement of the generality (expository); (2) EP, i.e., examples followed by practice (discovery); (3) GEP, i.e., a generality first, followed by examples and then practice (expository); and (4) EPG, i.e., examples followed by practice and ending with a generality (discovery). A posttest-only control group served as the experimental design. The four treatment groups received different versions of a lesson on the concept and two basic principles of plate tectonics. Each student was given a lesson booklet and a separate booklet of figures and maps as study aids, and learning was self-paced. At the end of the lesson, they were expected to transfer this knowledge to a different situation by generating a new but related principle. Data from the 39 students who completed the activity were analyzed using analysis of variance and a 2 x 2 factorial design. No significant differences were found among the groups for either application or transfer learning, although partial support was found for one of the three hypotheses tested. (RP)
- Published
- 1983
44. The Effects of Format of Synthesizer on Conceptual Learning. IDD&E Working Paper No. 13.
- Author
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Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education. and McLean, Lois
- Abstract
One of the important components of the elaboration theory (Reigeluth, 1979) is the synthesizer, which provides information to relate and integrate a set of concepts and which can appear in different formats. This study investigated the effectiveness of three formats of post-instruction synthesizer on student recall of definitions of concepts and recall of relationships among those concepts. The subjects were 47 high school students who were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) no synthesizer (instruction only); (2) visual synthesizer (tree-chart diagram); (3) verbal synthesizer (written prose); (4) visual plus verbal synthesizer; and (5) control (posttest only). The four treatment groups simultaneously viewed a general-to-detailed slide-tape presentation on microcomputer system parts. A 41-item, short-answer posttest was administered to the no-synthesizer group immediately and to the other three experimental groups following brief study of their assigned synthesizers. Although no significant differences were found between the treatment groups on remembering definitions, the diagram synthesizer group was significantly better at remembering the relationships than the verbal and no-synthesis groups, and the diagram plus verbal synthesis group was significantly better than the no-synthesis group. Contrary to the three hypotheses tested, these results suggest that instruction for parts-conceptual relationships should use a visual-only synthesizer format. This report includes examples of different synthesizers as well as five references. (Author/RP)
- Published
- 1983
45. Change, Responsibility and Teaching Behaviors: Three New Scales for Their Measurement. Institute of Education Occasional Paper No. 24.
- Author
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Institute of Education (Singapore). and Soh, Kay-Cheng
- Abstract
Eighty Singapore teachers voluntarily participated in the evaluation of three new scales: (1) the Responsibility Scale, which measures the teacher's sense of responsibility, willingness to take on additional new duties, and perception of being assigned duties; (2) the Change Scale which measures the teacher's acceptance of changes in life as normal happenings, and feelings toward change as enriching life experience; and (3) the Teaching Behaviors Scale, which reports the frequency of teacher reinforcement, feedback, presentation, consolidation, evaluation, and management behaviors. The efficacy of each new scale was studied by item analysis, internal consistency check, analysis of variance, and correlation with criterion measures. The Educational Attitude Scale, Teacher Locus of Control Scale, Dogmatism Scale, and Machiavellianism Scale were the criterion measures used for evaluating the validity of the new scales. With the exception of a small number of weak items, the three scales have items which show acceptable discrimination. The scales have high reliability and correlate with educational attitude and locus of control. There is evidence of concurrent as well as discriminant validity. (PN)
- Published
- 1985
46. Automated analysis of pen-on-paper spirals for tremor detection, quantification, and differentiation.
- Author
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Rajan, Roopa, Anandapadmanabhan, Reghu, Nageswaran, Sharmila, Radhakrishnan, Vineeth, Saini, Arti, Krishnan, Syam, Gupta, Anu, Vishnu, Venugopalan Y., Pandit, Awadh K., Singh, Rajesh Kumar, Radhakrishnan, Divya M, Singh, Mamta Bhushan, Bhatia, Rohit, Srivastava, Achal, Kishore, Asha, and Padma Srivastava, M. V.
- Subjects
STATISTICS ,RESEARCH ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ANALYSIS of variance ,TASK performance ,HANDWRITING ,ACCELEROMETERS ,DYSTONIA ,MOVEMENT disorders ,TREMOR ,DRAWING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PARKINSON'S disease ,SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) ,DATA analysis ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,DATA analysis software ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To develop an automated algorithm to detect, quantify, and differentiate between tremor using pen-on-paper spirals. METHODS: Patients with essential tremor (n = 25), dystonic tremor (n = 25), Parkinson’s disease (n = 25), and healthy volunteers (HV, n = 25) drew free-hand spirals. The algorithm derived the mean deviation (MD) and tremor variability from scanned images. MD and tremor variability were compared with 1) the Bain and Findley scale, 2) the Fahn–Tolosa–Marin tremor rating scale (FTM–TRS), and 3) the peak power and total power of the accelerometer spectra. Inter and intra loop widths were computed to differentiate between the tremor. RESULTS: MD was higher in the tremor group (48.9±26.3) than in HV (26.4±5.3; p < 0.001). The cut-off value of 30.3 had 80.9% sensitivity and 76.0% specificity for the detection of the tremor [area under the curve: 0.83; 95% confidence index (CI): 0.75, 0.91, p < 0.001]. MD correlated with the Bain and Findley ratings (rho = 0.491, p = 0 < 0.001), FTM–TRS part B (rho = 0.260, p = 0.032) and accelerometric measures of postural tremor (total power, rho = 0.366, p < 0.001; peak power, rho = 0.402, p < 0.001). Minimum Detectable Change was 19.9%. Inter loop width distinguished Parkinson’s disease spirals from dystonic tremor (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 54.6, 211.1), essential tremor (p = 0.003, 95% CI: 28.5, 184.9), or HV (p = 0.036, 95% CI: -160.4, -3.9). CONCLUSION: The automated analysis of pen-on-paper spirals generated robust variables to quantify the tremor and putative variables to distinguish them from each other. SIGNIFICANCE: This technique maybe useful for epidemiological surveys and follow-up studies on tremor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The effect of uncoated paper application on skin moisture, risk of pressure injury and incidence of pressure injury in neurologic intensive care unit patients: A randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Choi, Yoo‐Hyung and Kim, Sung Reul
- Subjects
- *
INTENSIVE care units , *RESEARCH , *ANALYSIS of variance , *PRESSURE ulcers , *HUMIDITY , *DISEASE incidence , *TERTIARY care , *MANN Whitney U Test , *RISK assessment , *SKIN physiology , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *T-test (Statistics) , *REPEATED measures design , *BLIND experiment , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHI-squared test , *GLASGOW Coma Scale , *STATISTICAL sampling , *DATA analysis software , *DISEASE risk factors ,BEDSORE risk factors - Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of uncoated paper on skin moisture, pressure injury risk and pressure injury incidence in neurological intensive care unit patients. Methods: A randomized controlled design was used. The experimental group (n = 68) received usual care (repositioning every 2 h and use of an air mattress) and application of uncoated paper on the sacral area for 5 days, whereas the control group (n = 67) received only usual care. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine changes in the skin moisture and risk of pressure injury between the groups. A chi‐squared test was used to determine the change in the incidence of pressure injuries for sacral area. Data were collected from 20 October 2017 to 6 March 2018. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the skin moisture and risk of pressure injuries between the experimental and control groups. However, a significant difference was not observed in the incidence of pressure injuries between the groups. Conclusion: The use of uncoated paper may be a valid nursing intervention for the prevention of pressure injuries in neurological intensive care unit patients. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? The neurological intensive care unit patients with motor deficits, loss or deterioration of sensory function and decreased consciousness have high risk of pressure injuries.Although various guidelines consider excessive skin moisture as an important cause of pressure injuries, few targeted interventions exist to manage excessive skin moisture. What this paper adds? The uncoated paper application was effective in reducing skin moisture in neurologic intensive care unit patients.In addition, application of uncoated paper application has an effect on risk of pressure injury in neurologic intensive care unit patients. The implications of this paper: The use of uncoated paper may be a valid nursing intervention for the prevention of pressure injuries in neurological intensive care unit patients.Nurses should recognize that pressure injuries are potentially preventable adverse events and use various preventive interventions including skin moisture management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Detection of Cytomegalovirus in Urine Dried on Filter Paper.
- Author
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Amin, Minal M, Wong, Phili, McCann, Mark, and Dollard, Sheila C
- Subjects
- *
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS disease diagnosis , *NEWBORN screening , *ANALYSIS of variance , *FACTOR analysis , *URINALYSIS , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Urine is the best specimen for the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus, but collection and processing of liquid urine are impractical for screening. Urine dried on filter paper was processed by the same convenient, low-cost method used by newborn screening to test blood spots and showed high sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Comments on a Paper by I. Olkin and M. Vaeth on Two-Way Analysis of Variance with Correlated Errors
- Author
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Walters, D. E. and Rowell, J. G.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Regression modeling of solid mottle in coated papers.
- Author
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Joshi, Akshay
- Subjects
PRINTING ,PAPER industry ,PACKAGING industry ,INTAGLIO inks ,STOCHASTIC analysis ,ANALYSIS of variance - Abstract
The print industry has observed an exponential growth over the last decade. A shift from plastics to paper has been observed in the packaging industry due to its sustainability. The gravure process dominates the packaging industry because of long runs and high print precision. This work focuses on the effect of gravure process parameters on print mottle for 50 GSM (gram/square meters) and 65 GSM (gram/square meters) C1S (coated-one-side) paper. Solid mottle refers to unevenness in print density and occurs due to variations in substrate, ink, and process parameters degrading the print quality, thereby resulting in printed wastage and loss to an organization. The intricate mechanism of ink transfer in the gravure process needs to be studied in depth so as to deliver higher yield and lower print waste. The Stochastic Frequency Distribution Analysis (SFDA) algorithm was used to measure the print mottle. The design of experiments (DOE) was run for gravure process parameters such as line screen, viscosity, press speed, electrostatic assist (ESA) voltage, and air gap (distance between impression roller and charge bar) at varying levels. The experimental data were analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA), main plot, and interaction plot. The analysis revealed significance of all process parameters for minimization of solid mottle. The optimized settings showed reduction in solid mottle by 64.68% and 67.78% for 50 GSM and 65 GSM, respectively. A stepwise regression model was developed to predict the print mottle that showed correlation coefficient of 0.912 and 0.938 for 50 GSM and 65 GSM C1S papers. This work could serve as a framework to maintain operating levels of gravure process for minimization of solid mottle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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