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What happens once the rogue rides off into the sunset? This cross-genre essay considers the figure of the rogue's decline and gradual dismemberment in the face of the pressures of the world. Beginning with the "rogue" digits and other body parts lost by the men who surrounded him in his youth—especially his grandfather—Dobson considers the costs of labour and poverty in rural environments. For him, the rogue is one who falls somehow outside of cultural, social, and political norms—the one who has decided to step outside of the establishment, outside of the corrupt élites and their highfalutin ways. To do so comes at a cost. Turning to the life of writer George Ryga and to the poetry and fiction of Patrick Lane, this essay examines the real, physical, material, and social costs of transgression across multiple works linked to rural environments in Alberta and British Columbia. The essay shows the ways in which very real forms of violence discipline the rogue, pushing the rogue back into submission or out of mind, back into the shadowy past from whence the rogue first came. Resisting nostalgia while evincing sympathy, this essay delves into what is at stake for one who would become a rogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism of the book "Monkey Beach," by Eden Robinson is presented. It highlights the interpretation of the social disintegration and dynamic adaptation caused by compromising new realities. It examines how the traditional Haisla of British Columbia has changed the colonization, industrial development and ecological degradation of the place. It further offers a discussion over the radical change in economic and social realities.

This article explores how White settler mountain bikers in British Columbia understand their relationship to recreational landscapes on unceded Indigenous territory. Using original qualitative research, the authors detail three rhetorical strategies settler Canadians employ to negotiate their place within geographies of belonging informed by Indigeneity and recreational colonialism: ignorance, ambivalence, and acknowledgement. In Canada's post-Truth and Reconciliation Commission climate, the discourses settlers use to situate themselves vis-à-vis landscapes and Indigenous people contribute to the conditions of possibility for meaningful movement toward a more equitable existence for all. This work points to a growing need to problematize the seemingly apolitical landscapes of recreation as a prerequisite toward meaningful reconciliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a critique of the book "Canadian Camp Life," by Frances Herring and how it addresses the relationship of British Columbia to Canada. Being the westernmost province of Canada, British Columbia is involved with the concepts of differences between edge and centre as well as the permeability of borders. In her book, Herring explored the province's complex cross-border relations and the role of gender and race in maintaining those borders.

This article reports on the findings of a larger study that explored urban Indigenous providers' experiences with contracting in mental health and addictions care. The study was undertaken with seven Indigenous and one non-Indigenous non-profit organizations based in diverse large and mid-size cities (off reserve) in British Columbia, Canada. Indigenous and critical theoretical perspectives provided the lens for this ethnographic inquiry. In-depth interviews were the primary data source. Participants' narratives provide an account of the ideological embeddedness of contracting and how a New Public Management operates to perpetuate colonial power imbalances and structural barriers to culturally safe and equity-oriented care within urban Indigenous communities. Policy and practice implications for government funders are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Police in Canada have become main responders to behavioural health concerns in the community—a role that disproportionately harms people who use drugs (PWUD). Recent calls to defund the police emphasize the need to shift responsibility for non-criminal health issues from police to health and social services. This study explores the role of police interactions in responding to PWUD within the broader institutional and structural contexts in which they operate. Methods: We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of interviews with sixteen police officers across nine jurisdictions in British Columbia, Canada. We examined police officers' everyday policing experiences interacting with PWUD, enforcing drug laws, and working alongside other service sectors. Results: Officers explained that the criminal justice system is one component of a wider network of systems that collectively fail to meet the needs of PWUD. They recognized that PWUD who interact with police often experienced intersecting structural vulnerabilities such as poverty, homelessness, and intergenerational trauma. Harmful drug laws in conjunction with inadequate treatment and housing resources contributed to a funnelling of PWUD into interactions with police. They provided several recommendations for reform including specialized health and justice roles, formalized intersectoral collaboration, and poverty reduction. Conclusions: Overall, this study provides unique insights into the positioning and role of police officers within a "total systems failure" that negatively impact PWUD. Police have become responders-by-default for issues that are fundamentally related to people's health conditions and socioeconomic circumstances. Addressing failures across the health, social, and justice systems to meet the needs of PWUD will require an examination of the shortcomings across these systems, as well as substantial funding and system reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the established benefits of Advance Care Planning (ACP), engagement remains low in British Columbia. Since 2016, a growing number of community‐based nonprofits have offered ACP education. To date, no study has focused on the perspectives of nonprofits on ACP in British Columbia. Objective: This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitating actions to ACP as perceived by British Columbian nonprofits. Design: A mixed‐methods design was used. Data were collected through online surveys and telephone interviews. Setting and Participants: Staff and volunteers from British Columbian nonprofits that are providing or interested in providing public education on ACP were recruited for this study. Results: The lack of public awareness of ACP, the emotional difficulty of the conversation, the complicated ACP process, the belief that ACP is synonymous with completing a medical order form, the challenge of introducing ACP in different cultural contexts and the siloed approach to ACP education were rated as the most important barriers to ACP engagement. The most important facilitating actions were developing clear messages, improving ACP literacy, reframing ACP as part of life planning, simplifying ACP documentation and transfer, integrating ACP conversations into clinical practice and better collaboration between the health system and nonprofits. Discussion: This study identifies numerous opportunities to improve ACP engagement in British Columbia from a community lens. To maximize ACP engagement, community‐led ACP education should be offered in coordination with the health system. Conclusion: Community‐led ACP education as well as collaboration and consultation with nonprofits are part of the solution to the low ACP engagement in British Columbia. Public Contribution: Study participants, including staff and volunteers at nonprofits, are members of the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Canada's opioid crisis has taken thousands of lives, increasing awareness of poisoning-related injuries as an important public health issue. However, in British Columbia (BC), where overdose mortality rates are the highest in Canada, studies have not yet identified which demographic populations most often visit emergency departments (ED) due to all poisonings, nor which substances are most commonly involved. The aim of this study was to explore these gaps, after developing a methodology for calculating ED visit rates in BC. Methods: Poisoning-related ED visit rates during fiscal years 2012/13 to 2016/17, inclusive, were calculated by sex, age group, poisoning substance and socioeconomic status, using a novel methodology developed in this study. ED data were sourced from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System and population data from Statistics Canada's 2016 (or 2011) census profiles. Results: During the study period, there were an estimated 81 463 poisoning-related ED visits (351.2 per 100 000 population). Infants, toddlers, youth and those aged 20-64 years had elevated risks of poisoning-related ED visits. Rates were highest among those in neighbourhoods with the greatest material (607.8 per 100 000 population) or social (484.2 per 100 000 population) deprivation. Over time, narcotics and psychodysleptics became increasingly common poisoning agents, while alcohol remained problematic. Conclusion: A methodology for estimating ED visit rates in BC was developed and applied to determine poisoning-related ED visit rates among various demographic groups within BC. British Columbians most vulnerable to poisoning have been identified, emphasizing the need for efforts to limit drug overdoses and excessive alcohol intoxication to reduce rates of these preventable injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Conversations at the Crossroads" is an interlogue between Indigenous and Black writers and scholars who gathered at Simon Fraser University on the unceded, ancestral territories of the Musqueam, Squamish, and Tsleil Waututh Nations in Vancouver, British Columbia. The purpose of the gathering was to contest and revitalize those critical frameworks that best reflect the complex and longstanding alliances in Black and Indigenous histories, futures, literatures, and experiences. While dialogues across these diverse communities have been going on for a long time, they have not always been foregrounded adequately in public debates and academic discussions. These conversations demonstrate that the language for conceiving and mobilizing comparative studies has changed—to a large extent because Indigenous and Black scholars and writers have pushed to change it and to challenge the power relationships underpinning academic disciplines. Each of the participants reflects deeply on the limits and opportunities of the available theoretical frameworks to reignite conversations between scholarly fields in general, and across postcolonial studies, Indigenous studies, and Black studies in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chemotherapy has improved outcomes in early-stage breast cancer, but treatment practices vary, and use of acute care is common. We conducted a pan-Canadian study to describe treatment differences and the incidence of emergency department visits (EDVS), EDVS leading to hospitalization (EDVHS), and direct hospitalizations (HS) during adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods The cohort consisted of women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer (stages I–III) during 2007–2012 in British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, or Nova Scotia who underwent curative surgery. Parallel provincial analyses were undertaken using linked clinical, registry, and administrative databases. The incidences of EDVS, EDVHS, and HS in the 6 months after treatment initiation were examined for patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Results The cohort consisted of 50,224 patients. The proportion of patients who received chemotherapy varied by province, with Ontario having the highest proportion (46.4%), and Nova Scotia, the lowest proportion (38.0%). Age, stage, receptor status, comorbidities, and geographic location were associated with receipt of chemotherapy in all provinces. Ontario had the highest proportion of patients experiencing an EDV (36.1%), but the lowest proportion experiencing h (6.4%). Conversely, British Columbia had the lowest proportion of patients experiencing an EDV (16.0%), but the highest proportion experiencing H (26.7%). The proportion of patients having an EDVH was similar across provinces (13.9%–16.8%). Geographic location was associated with EDVS, EDVHS, and HS in all provinces. Conclusions Intra- and inter-provincial differences in the use of chemotherapy and acute care were observed. Understanding variations in care can help to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement and shared learnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The known Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) of the provinces and territories of Canada are summarised, and current knowledge is compared to the state of knowledge in 1979. A total of 5405 species are known to occur in Canada in 81 families, and a further 50 species have been reported but are unconfirmed. This represents an increase of 1348 species since 1979. The DNA barcodes available for Canadian Lepidoptera are also tabulated, based on a dataset of 148,314 specimens corresponding to 5842 distinct clusters. A further yet-undiscovered 1400 species of Lepidoptera are estimated to occur in Canada. The Gelechioidea are the most poorly known major lineage of Lepidoptera in Canada. Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and British Columbia are thought to show the greatest deficit in our knowledge of Lepidoptera. The unglaciated portions of the Yukon (Beringia), and the Pacific Maritime, Montane Cordillera, and Western Interior Basin ecozones of British Columbia are also identified as hotbeds of undescribed biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The association between health outcomes and socioeconomic status (SES) has been widely documented, and mortality due to unintentional injuries continues to rank among the leading causes of death among British Columbians. This paper quantified the SES-related disparities in the mortality burden of three British Columbia's provincial injury prevention priority areas: falls among seniors, transport injury, and youth suicide. Methods: Mortality data (2009 to 2013) from Vital Statistics and dissemination area or local health area level socioeconomic data from CensusPlus 2011 were linked to examine five-year age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and disparities in ASMRs of unintentional injuries and subtypes including falls among seniors (aged 65+) and transport-related injuries as well as the intentional injury type of youth suicide (aged 15 to 24). Disparities by sex and geography were examined, and relative and absolute disparities were calculated between the least and most privileged areas based on income, education, employment, material deprivation, and social deprivation quintiles. Results: Our study highlighted significant sex differences in the mortality burden of falls among seniors, transport injury, and youth suicide with males experiencing significantly higher mortality rates. Notable geographic variations in overall unintentional injury ASMR were also observed across the province. In general, people living in areas with lower income and higher levels of material deprivation had increasingly higher mortality rates compared to their counterparts living in more privileged areas. Conclusion: The significant differences in unintentional and intentional injury-related mortality outcomes between the sexes and by SES present opportunities for targeted prevention strategies that address the disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The British Columbia Ministry of Health in Canada approved a new registration category for dental hygienists in 2012. This category included four abilities that registrants were required to demonstrate at a 4th-year baccalaureate degree level. Objective To identify the differences, if any, between diploma and bachelor's degree education with regard to the 4 legislated abilities focused on the process of care for clients with complex needs and/or disabling conditions including client safety, referrals and interprofessional collaboration. Methods Registrants who had entered practice with a diploma and then gained a baccalaureate degree were invited to participate in an online survey including closed- and open-ended questions. The study was a mixed-method design where the qualitative data were nested concurrently in the open-ended questions; the data were analysed through thematic analysis using grounded theory methods. Results and discussion Respondents ( n = 123; 51%) indicated their client care had improved with baccalaureate education due to increased knowledge, increased understanding and increased abilities to make judgements with a particular emphasis on evidence-based decisions. These more advanced abilities provided them with increased confidence for taking action particularly in interprofessional contexts and increased the quality of their decision-making thus leading to better care for clients. Conclusion Respondents described their dental hygiene services as generally being of a higher standard and specifically in the 4 legislated abilities as a direct result of baccalaureate education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism of the book “A Tale for the Time Being" by Ruth Ozeki is presented. It outlines the connection Ozeki makes between several political issues and ecological concerns. The novel pays more attention to coastal British Columbia and its literature, while reminding the reader that social and environmental injustice go beyond national borders.

As a response to forest conflict, contemporary remapping refers to re-evaluations of resource values, new and diverse forms of governance among stakeholders, and compromises within patterns of land use that give greater emphasis to environmental and cultural priorities. This paper elaborates the processes of remapping by examining the role of institutional innovation in conflict resolution, with particular reference to the iconic Great Bear Rainforest of British Columbia. After years of conflict and protest, peace in the Great Bear Rainforest was heralded by an interim agreement in 2006, with final ratification likely in 2016. Conceptually, a four-legged stakeholder model identifies the main institutional interests and their interactions through learning and bargaining. New forms of governance were created to bring the stakeholders together in constructive dialogue and then to reach and implement acceptable bargains. Analytically, the paper examines how this agreement has worked in practice by reflecting on the emergence of novel institutions that integrate the interests of key stakeholders. The discussion identifies six bilateral negotiations between: industrial and environmental interests; federal and provincial governments and aboriginal peoples; government and environmental interests; government and industry; industry and aboriginal peoples; and environmental groups and local communities. The remapping process has produced a thickening architecture of institutions that remain experimental even as they seek to promote sustainability, resilience and legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Native Studies is the property of Brandon University, CJNS, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In her 2003 collection of essays Occasional Work and Seven Walks from the Office for Soft Architecture, poet Lisa Robertson describes a shifting and dissolving Vancouver. Through a consideration of the theoretical work of geographer Doreen Massey and architect Rem Koolhaas, we explore the ways that, for Robertson, space is not reducible to singular, official narratives, but is the result of the complex and contradictory accretion of multiple historical trajectories. Focusing on Vancouver's New Brighton Park, both in Robertson's text and as a physical space, we ask how clashing forces, from the forceful organisational movements of global capital to the differentiating, yet minor, descriptions of the wandering poet, produce a space, a specific site, together through their cooperations and antagonisms? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Time immemorial' has operated as a legal fiction in the discourse of colonization, performing a genealogical function in the construction of 'antiquity' and 'legal memory' in English law, and repurposed in Indigenous rights cases in Canada. Beginning with a genealogical outline, this paper analyzes 'time immemorial' in relation to Settler and Indigenous discourses of time, memory and the land in Calder, Van der Peet, and Tsilhqot'in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Public Policy is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Here I discuss scenic views in Vancouver, in particular those produced by view windows. I examine the division of "nature" and "culture," and suggest that the "view obsession" in Vancouver contributes to the reification of this hierarchical binary. Through analyses of two contemporary works of Vancouver literature—Mrs. Golightly and Other Stories (1961), a collection of short stories by Ethel Wilson; and City of Glass (2009), a collection of essays by Douglas Coupland—I look at the ways in which view windows structure West Coast urban society, as well as the ways in which such structures might be subverted or interrupted—and to what end(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Migration & Integration is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Theatre Research in Canada is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay explores the complex struggles over the reinvention of mountaineering practices and ethics during the postwar period in the Rocky Mountains of Canada between competing interest groups of disparate climbers. Specifically, we focus on the increased challenges to the hegemony of the Alpine Club of Canada (ACC) by a wave of young, working-class emigrants, who contentiously broadened the limits and operative goals/meanings of the sport in the range. In doing so, this paper examines the controversy that erupted within the climbing community over first ascent of Brussels Peak in 1948, followed by a discussion of the arrival of renowned climber Hans Gmoser (1932-2006), whose early activities in the Rockies' eastern front irrevocably challenged local tradition and the hegemony of the ACC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses several topics on modern Punjabi literature in Vancouver, British Columbia. It offers information on the Modern Punjabi Literature and its Worlds Conference, held at the University of British Columbia (UBC) on April 26-27, 2008. It provides interviews with Sadhu Binning and Ajmer Rode two poets in Vancouver. It also offers several poems by Binning and Rode.

This essay considers the politics of describing Indigenous peoples as ghostly or haunting presences. Focusing on the history of haunting tropes in Canadian cultural production and the recent re-emergence of the spectral Indigenous figure in, among other places, a wilderness park in southwestern British Columbia, I argue that the mobilization of haunting tropes to make sense of contemporary settler-Indigenous relations reinscribes colonial power relations and fails to account for the specific experiences and claims of Indigenous peoples. At a time when cultural geographers are contemplating the possibilities of a 'spectral turn', this essay asks what politics are involved in deploying a spectro-geographical approach to studies of the colonial and postcolonial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article documents a two-year journey developing and implementing a teacher education programme that required preservice teachers and teachers, administrators, and students in six cooperating schools to address issues of diversity, multi-/transculturalisms, inclusion, anti-racism/anti-oppression and social justice. We describe approaches and analyse changing attitudes, commitment and activism among those who participated in this 'Diversity' cohort initiative - a collaboration between the University of British Columbia's Faculty of Education and the Vancouver School Board. We profile the courage and commitment of those who began to see themselves as important allies and agents of change in Canada's most multicultural environment. We acknowledge the less successful aspects, and generate implications for teacher education partnerships that seek to embrace 'critical' multicultural, inclusive, and social justice education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the book "Monkey Beach," by Eden Robinson. The book depicts that the contemporary Haisla of Kitimaat Village on the northern coast of British Columbia are haunted by the legacy of European contact. In the book, the spirit world of Haisla culture, like the Gothic in the Western tradition, offers protagonist Lisamarie Hill a means of learning to live by teaching her that talking with ghosts is transformational because, for Lisamarie, it involves the recollection as well as the reintegration of a spiritual dimension of Haisla culture in spite of its negation in the wake of European contact.

Presents a study that discussed the historical development of the British Columbia community college, university college, and institute system through the influence of the three dichotomies. Review of the literature of the North American context; Discussion of the research design and methods used in the study; Findings from the British Columbia literature and the interviews; Conclusions of the study.

The presence of Watinoceras reesidei Warren, Watinoceras coloradoense (Henderson), Watinoceras thompsonense Cobban, and Mytiloides mytiloides (Mantell) within the Tuskoola sandstone beds of the Vimy Member of the Kaskapau (Blackstone) Formation, places these strata within the lower Turonian stage of the Upper Cretaceous, within the Watinoceras reesidei Zone. International discoveries of Watinoceras in the United States, the Arctic, west Africa, northern Africa, Europe, and Asia, in the past fifty years has allowed the authors, while updating the stratigraphy and taxonomy, to refine correlation of the Tuskoola sandstone, a sandy facies of the "Second White Specks" horizon of Western Canada.La présence de Watinoceras reesidei Warren, Watinoceras coloradoense (Henderson), Watinoceras thompsonense Cobban et Mytiloides mytiloides (Mantell) dans les lits de grès de Tuskoola du membre Vimy de la Formation de Kaskapau (Blackstone), place ces strates à l'étage Turonien inférieur du Crétacé supérieur, à l'intérieur de la zone à Watinoceras reesidei. Des découvertes internationales de Watinoceras aux États-Unis, dans l'Arctique, en Afrique occidentale, en Afrique du Nord, en Europe et en Asie au cours des cinquante dernières années ont permis aux auteurs, tout en mettant à jour la stratigraphie et la taxonomie, de préciser la corrélation du grès de Tuskoola, un faciès gréseux de l'horizon « Second White Specks » de l'Ouest du Canada.[Traduit par la Rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last fifteen years of the twentieth century have witnessed fundamental changes in approaches to the issue of youth prostitution in Canada. During this period there has been a growing recognition that young prostitutes should be treated as victims in need of protection, not deviants requiring punishment. The most recent and controversial policy response to this victimization framework has been the introduction of secure care legislation in the province of Alberta. Discussions around the possibility of introducing similar legislation has taken place in British Columbia and Ontario. This paper argues the secure care movement in the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia represent neo-liberal responses to the (re) conceptualization of youth prostitution as a form of sexual abuse and exploitation. Of particular interest is how secure care advances neo-liberal forms of governance by supporting what Garland refers to as ‘responsibilization’ strategies. In the process, the youth prostitution ‘problem’ is governed at a distance, the onus for combatting the youth sex trade is placed upon the individual prostitute, community and family, and the meaning of ‘success’ in addressing the youth prostitution phenomenon is redefined. At the same time, relations of power that give rise to the youth sex trade remain unchallenged. The paper concludes by suggesting ways of challenging neo-liberal strategies of controlling the youth sex trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information from a project that Simon Fraser University library implemented to assess its collection allocations. Describes how the university's collection building was consistent with the university's academic priorities; Examines the factors employed in identifying misaligned allocations.

Analyses the case of Clayoquot Sound on the Western side of Vancouver Island, British Columbia while focusing on the policy change through sector intersection. What are the major approaches to policy change; Detailed information on Clayoquot Sound; Information on the forestry industry in British Columbia; What the policy regimes of British Columbia consist of.

Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the past decade a number of provinces have abandoned the long-standing Canadian tradition of automatic certification of unions based on card-signing and instead opted for mandatory representation voting. This trend, however, has developed with little understanding of the effectiveness of management opposition within a voting regime. In this paper the impact of union suppression on union organizing success within the voting regime of British Columbia is examined. We find that union suppression tactics were highly effective with estimates rivalling those found in the United States. Moreover, results from instrumental variable models suggest that OLS estimates may seriously underestimate the true impact of suppression. Effort de suppression du syndicat et succès dans le processus de certification. Au cours de la dernière décennie, un certain nombre de provinces canadiennes ont abandonné la pratique traditionnelle de certification automatique des syndicats sur la base des signatures de cartes d'adhésion au syndicat, et ont choisi de réclamer un scrutin pour déterminer le support des membres potentiels. On ne comprend pas bien l'efficacité de l'action d'opposition des patrons au syndicat dans ce régime de scrutin. Ce mémoire examine l'impact des efforts de suppression des syndicats sur les succès des syndicats dans leurs efforts d'organisation dans le cadre du régime de scrutin en Colombie Britannique. On découvre que ces tactiques ont été très efficaces, tout autant qu'aux Etats-Unis. De plus, les résultats obtenus à l'aide de modèles de variables instrumentales montrent que ceux qu'on obtient à l'aide de la méthode des moindres carrés ordinaires peuvent sous-évaluer l'impact des tactiques de suppression de manière significative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the play "The Komagata Maru Incident," by Sharon Pollock. It states that the play restages the moment of national boundary marking and invites the audience members to reconsider their seats on the sidelines. The author notes that Pollock does not follow the entire trajectory of this history, instead, she narrows in on the border challenge, making the Vancouver harbor the site of action. The play is staged on multiple border sites and investigates the boundaries of theatrical performance, of individual understanding, and of national identity.

The article features the Kogawa house, a house owned by Joy Kogawa and is situated in Vancouver, Canada. Accordingly, the house is one of the thousands that the government had seized in its dispossession of the properties of 22,000 Japanese Canadians, and is considered as the first home built on its block in 1912. As described, the house is simply a modest bungalow. Its original diamond-patterned glass windows are placed as adornments in the back and front, while its back is secured by an unpainted cedar fence. Inside the house, there decorated somber paintings, a fireplace, and a mantel clock, which further accentuate its unique architecture.

The article focuses on the book "Disappearing Moon Cafe," by Sky Lee. Lee's novel is about four generations of Chinese-Canadian women in Vancouver, British Columbia. Lee's novel engages with a particular spatialization of Chinese-Canadian history instituted, and subsequently celebrated, by official multicultural policy. But this engagement, it will become apparent, actually represents a refusal to participate in a particular brand of multicultural celebration that transforms ethnic enclaves, such as Vancouver's Chinatown, into heavily disciplined zones of historical production and tourist consumption. Lee strategically positions the even-now famous book, the fictional architectural structure standing at the center of her narrative, as a site of resistance to any ideologically upheld celebration of Chinese-Canadian history that exhibits the past within contemporary architectural heritage. Spectrality, as both dissolving/disappearing architectural foundation and the core trope of Lee's historical narrative, conditions the novel's response to postmodern narratives of geographical space. Despite Lee's silence, the book does exhibit a noticeable awareness of the spectropoetics of multiculturalism.