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2. The Changing Nature and Role of Vocational Education and Training in Europe. Volume 5: Education and Labour Market Outcomes for Graduates from Different Types of VET System in Europe. Cedefop Research Paper. No 69
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Department for VET Systems and Institutions (DSI)
- Abstract
This research paper is the fifth in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). Based on comparative analysis of labour force survey data from 2014, the report analyses the vocational effect on labour market and education outcomes, asking whether any advantages conferred by vocational qualifications in early career would be offset by disadvantages later in life. The report explores the functioning of the safety net and the diversion effects across countries, demonstrating how these vary considerably with the specific institutional structure of schooling and work-based training. The results indicate that VET graduates are potentially sacrificing the longer-term gains associated with further education in favour of short-term benefits. [This research was carried out by a consortium led by 3s Unternehmensberatung GmbH and including the Danish Technological Institute, the Institute of Employment Research (University of Warwick), the Institute of International and Social Studies (Tallinn University) and Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini. The Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) in Germany is supporting the project as a subcontractor.]
- Published
- 2018
3. Globalisation Opportunities for VET: How European and International Initiatives Help in Renewing Vocational Education and Training in European Countries. Cedefop Research Paper. No 71
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Department for VET Systems and Institutions (DSI)
- Abstract
In a highly competitive global landscape, occupations are transformed, new jobs are created and the skills needed for the labour market are constantly changing. European countries are looking at redefining VET [vocational education and training] to respond promptly to such challenges and take advantage of the opportunities ahead. They are reforming to modernise their VET systems and strengthen the relevance of their national qualifications in an international context. This publication explores national responses to globalisation in 15 countries and five economic sectors. It aims to understand how European and international initiatives help VET renewal across Europe. It shows how countries' reactions are embedded in their national traditions but also depend on their interactions with European, sectoral and multinational players that provide training and award qualifications. [The research was carried out by a consortium led by IBE Educational research institute and 3s Unternehmensberatung GmbH.]
- Published
- 2018
4. Working to improve the management of sarcoma patients across Europe: a policy checklist.
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Kasper, Bernd, Lecointe-Artzner, Estelle, Wait, Suzanne, Boldon, Shannon, Wilson, Roger, Gronchi, Alessandro, Valverde, Claudia, Eriksson, Mikael, Dumont, Sarah, Drove, Nora, Kanli, Athanasia, and Wartenberg, Markus
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SARCOMA ,CANCER treatment ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL quality control ,CLINICAL trials ,MEDICAL specialties & specialists ,MEDICAL care laws ,MEDICAL care standards ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Background: The Sarcoma Policy Checklist was created by a multidisciplinary expert group to provide policymakers with priority areas to improve care for sarcoma patients.Main Body: This paper draws on this research, by looking more closely at how France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom are addressing each of these priority areas. It aims to highlight key gaps in research, policy and practice, as well as ongoing initiatives that may impact the future care of sarcoma patients in different European countries. A pragmatic review of the published and web-based literature was undertaken. Telephone interviews were conducted in each country with clinical and patient experts to substantiate findings. Research findings were discussed within the expert group and developed into five core policy recommendations. The five identified priority areas were: the development of designated and accredited centres of reference; more professional training; multidisciplinary care; greater incentives for research and innovation; and more rapid access to effective treatments. Most of the countries studied have ongoing initiatives addressing many of these priorities; however, many are in early stages of development, or require additional funding and resources.Conclusion: Gaps in access to quality care are particularly concerning in many of Europe's lower-resourced countries. Equitable access to information, clinical trials, innovative treatments and quality specialist care should be available to all sarcoma patients. Achieving this across Europe will require close collaboration between all stakeholders at both the national and European level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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5. The impact of interpersonal reporting heterogeneity on cross-country differences in Healthy Life Years in Europe.
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Luy, Marc, Giulio, Paola Di, and Minagawa, Yuka
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SELF-evaluation ,FUNCTIONAL status ,HEALTH status indicators ,HEALTH expectancy ,POPULATION geography ,PHYSICAL activity ,DIFFERENTIAL item functioning (Research bias) ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Background The European Union has used Healthy Life Years (HLY) as an indicator to monitor the health of its aging populations. Scholarly and popular interest in HLY across countries has grown, particularly regarding the ranking of countries. It is important to note that HLY is based on self-assessments of activity limitations, raising the possibility that it might be influenced by differences in health reporting behaviours between populations, a phenomenon known as differential item functioning (DIF). Methods We estimated DIF-adjusted HLY at age 50 for Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and Sweden to determine the extent to which differences in HLY might be influenced by reporting heterogeneity across countries. We used anchoring vignettes, taken from the 2004 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, to estimate DIF-adjusted prevalence rates of activity limitations measured by the Global Activity Limitations Indicator (GALI). The Sullivan method was used to calculate DIF-adjusted HLY. Results Changes in HLY before and after adjustment ranged from a 1.20-year decrease for men in Italy to a 1.61-year increase for women in Spain. Adjustment for DIF produced changes in the rankings of the countries by HLY, with upward and downward movements of up to three positions. Conclusion Our results show that DIF is likely to affect HLY estimates, thereby posing a challenge to the validity of comparisons of HLY across European countries. The findings suggest that HLY should be used to monitor population health status within a country, rather than to make comparisons across countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Education's Role in Preparing Globally Competent Citizens. BCES Conference Books, Volume 12
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Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES), Popov, Nikolay, Wolhuter, Charl, Ermenc, Klara Skubic, Hilton, Gillian,, Ogunleye, James, Chigisheva, Oksana, Popov, Nikolay, Wolhuter, Charl, Ermenc, Klara Skubic, Hilton, Gillian,, Ogunleye, James, Chigisheva, Oksana, and Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES)
- Abstract
This volume contains papers submitted to the 12th Annual International Conference of the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES), held in Sofia and Nessebar, Bulgaria, in June 2014, and papers submitted to the 2nd International Partner Conference, organized by the International Research Centre 'Scientific Cooperation,' Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The volume also includes papers submitted to the International Symposium on Comparative Sciences, organized by the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society in Sofia, in October 2013. The 12th BCES Conference theme is "Education's Role in Preparing Globally Competent Citizens." The 2nd Partner Conference theme is "Contemporary Science and Education: New Challenges -- New Decisions." The book consists of 103 papers, written by 167 authors and co-authors, and grouped into 7 parts. Parts 1-4 comprise papers submitted to the 12th BCES Conference, and Parts 5-7 comprise papers submitted to the 2nd Partner Conference. The 103 papers are divided into the following parts: (1) Comparative Education & History of Education; (2) Pre-service and In-service Teacher Training & Learning and Teaching Styles; (3) Education Policy, Reforms and School Leadership; (4) Higher Education, Lifelong Learning and Social Inclusion; (5) Educational Development Strategies in Different Countries and Regions of the World: National, Regional and Global Levels; (6) Key Directions and Characteristics of Research Organization in Contemporary World; and (7) International Scientific and Educational Cooperation for the Solution of Contemporary Global Issues: From Global Competition to World Integration.
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- 2014
7. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.
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McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam CSP, Lyon AR, McMurray JJV, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano GMC, Ruschitzka F, and Kathrine Skibelund A
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- Bayes Theorem, Chronic Disease, Europe, France, Germany, Humans, Italy, United Kingdom, United States, Cardiology, Heart Failure diagnosis, Heart Failure therapy
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Document Reviewers: Rudolf A. de Boer (CPG Review Coordinator) (Netherlands), P. Christian Schulze (CPG Review Coordinator) (Germany), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt), Victor Aboyans (France), Stamatis Adamopoulos (Greece), Stefan D. Anker (Germany), Elena Arbelo (Spain), Riccardo Asteggiano (Italy), Johann Bauersachs (Germany), Antoni Bayes-Genis (Spain), Michael A. Borger (Germany), Werner Budts (Belgium), Maja Cikes (Croatia), Kevin Damman (Netherlands), Victoria Delgado (Netherlands), Paul Dendale (Belgium), Polychronis Dilaveris (Greece), Heinz Drexel (Austria), Justin Ezekowitz (Canada), Volkmar Falk (Germany), Laurent Fauchier (France), Gerasimos Filippatos (Greece), Alan Fraser (United Kingdom), Norbert Frey (Germany), Chris P. Gale (United Kingdom), Finn Gustafsson (Denmark), Julie Harris (United Kingdom), Bernard Iung (France), Stefan Janssens (Belgium), Mariell Jessup (United States of America), Aleksandra Konradi (Russia), Dipak Kotecha (United Kingdom), Ekaterini Lambrinou (Cyprus), Patrizio Lancellotti (Belgium), Ulf Landmesser (Germany), Christophe Leclercq (France), Basil S. Lewis (Israel), Francisco Leyva (United Kingdom), AleVs Linhart (Czech Republic), Maja-Lisa Løchen (Norway), Lars H. Lund (Sweden), Donna Mancini (United States of America), Josep Masip (Spain), Davor Milicic (Croatia), Christian Mueller (Switzerland), Holger Nef (Germany), Jens-Cosedis Nielsen (Denmark), Lis Neubeck (United Kingdom), Michel Noutsias (Germany), Steffen E. Petersen (United Kingdom), Anna Sonia Petronio (Italy), Piotr Ponikowski (Poland), Eva Prescott (Denmark), Amina Rakisheva (Kazakhstan), Dimitrios J. Richter (Greece), Evgeny Schlyakhto (Russia), Petar Seferovic (Serbia), Michele Senni (Italy), Marta Sitges (Spain), Miguel Sousa-Uva (Portugal), Carlo G. Tocchetti (Italy), Rhian M. Touyz (United Kingdom), Carsten Tschoepe (Germany), Johannes Waltenberger (Germany/Switzerland) All experts involved in the development of these guidelines have submitted declarations of interest. These have been compiled in a report and published in a supplementary document simultaneously to the guidelines. The report is also available on the ESC website www.escardio.org/guidelines For the Supplementary Data which include background information and detailed discussion of the data that have provided the basis for the guidelines see European Heart Journal online., (© 2022 European Society of Cardiology This article has been co-published with permission in European Heart Journal (published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Cardiology) and European Journal of Heart Failure (published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology).)
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- 2022
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8. Visual analysis of global hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome research from 1980 to 2022: Based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer.
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Zhou W, Dong Y, Si H, Yang C, Zhao J, Chen X, and Ye Z
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- Humans, Europe, China epidemiology, Germany, France, Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome epidemiology
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Objective: The development and current state of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) over the past 40 years are analyzed in this study, along with explored and discovered the hotspots and frontiers in the field, which serve as the foundation for future investigation., Methods: CiteSpace and VOSviewer analysis software were used to visually analyze the literature data on HFRS from 1980 to 2022, including the annual number of publications, countries and research institutions, authors, co-cited literature and keywords., Results: The number of pertinent papers published in the field of HFRS displayed an overall upward trend from 1980 to 2022. The United States, China, Germany, Sweden, and France are the top 5 countries in terms of publishing volume, with high intermediate centrality mainly concentrated in Europe and the United States. The top 10 co-occurring keywords were hemorrhagic fever, renal syndrome, infection, virus, epidemic, nephropathia epidemical, disease, hantavirus, outbreak, and transmission. According to keyword cluster analysis, there were 4 main research fields. In the HFRS-related study, there were mainly 21 notable keywords and "Korean hemorrhagic fever" had the highest hemorrhagic value (28.87)., Conclusion: The United States, China, Germany, Sweden and other countries attached great importance to the HFRS-related research. Moreover, the collaboration between authors and institutions in various collaborator clusters should be strengthened. In recent decades, investigations have focused on the study of viral infection and the clinical symptoms and pathophysiology of HFRS. Future research may concentrate on factors affecting host population distribution and density, such as vaccine development and meteorological factors pertaining to virus transmission., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
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- 2024
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9. Designing and Implementing Virtual Exchange -- A Collection of Case Studies
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Research-publishing.net (France), Helm, Francesca, Beaven, Ana, Helm, Francesca, Beaven, Ana, and Research-publishing.net (France)
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Virtual exchange is gaining popularity in formal and non-formal education, partly as a means to internationalise the curriculum, and also to offer more sustainable and inclusive international and intercultural experiences to young people around the world. This volume brings together 19 case studies (17 in higher education and two in youth work) of virtual exchange projects in Europe and the South Mediterranean region. They span across a range of disciplines, from STEM to business, tourism, and languages, and are presented as real-life pedagogical practices that can be of interest to educators looking for ideas and inspiration. [This content is provided in the format of an e-book. Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2020
10. Exploring variation of coverage and access to dental care for adults in 11 European countries: a vignette approach.
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Winkelmann, Juliane, Gómez Rossi, Jesús, Schwendicke, Falk, Dimova, Antoniya, Atanasova, Elka, Habicht, Triin, Kasekamp, Kaija, Gandré, Coralie, Or, Zeynep, McAuliffe, Úna, Murauskiene, Liubove, Kroneman, Madelon, de Jong, Judith, Kowalska-Bobko, Iwona, Badora-Musiał, Katarzyna, Motyl, Sylwia, Figueiredo Augusto, Gonçalo, Pažitný, Peter, Kandilaki, Daniela, and Löffler, Lubica
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DENTAL insurance ,HEALTH services accessibility ,DENTAL care ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,CASE studies ,INSURANCE - Abstract
Background: Oral health, coupled with rising awareness on the impact that limited dental care coverage has on oral health and general health and well-being, has received increased attention over the past few years. The purpose of the study was to compare the statutory coverage and access to dental care for adult services in 11 European countries using a vignette approach. Methods: We used three patient vignettes to highlight the differences of the dimensions of coverage and access to dental care (coverage, cost-sharing and accessibility). The three vignettes describe typical care pathways for patients with the most common oral health conditions (caries, periodontal disease, edentulism). The vignettes were completed by health services researchers knowledgeable on dental care, dentists, or teams consisting of a health systems expert working together with dental specialists. Results: Completed vignettes were received from 11 countries: Bulgaria, Estonia, France, Germany, Republic of Ireland (Ireland), Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia and Sweden. While emergency dental care, tooth extraction and restorative care for acute pain due to carious lesions are covered in most responding countries, root canal treatment, periodontal care and prosthetic restoration often require cost-sharing or are entirely excluded from the benefit basket. Regular dental visits are also limited to one visit per year in many countries. Beyond financial barriers due to out-of-pocket payments, patients may experience very different physical barriers to accessing dental care. The limited availability of contracted dentists (especially in rural areas) and the unequal distribution and lack of specialised dentists are major access barriers to public dental care. Conclusions: According to the results, statutory coverage of dental care varies across European countries, while access barriers are largely similar. Many dental services require substantial cost-sharing in most countries, leading to high out-of-pocket spending. Socioeconomic status is thus a main determinant for access to dental care, but other factors such as geography, age and comorbidities can also inhibit access and affect outcomes. Moreover, coverage in most oral health systems is targeted at treatment and less at preventative oral health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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11. The European Welfare State in a Global Context.
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Kramer, Nicole
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WELFARE state , *PUBLIC welfare , *SOCIAL services -- History , *SOCIALISM & society , *SOCIALISM , *DECOLONIZATION , *HISTORY , *TWENTIETH century , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *HISTORY of socialism , *SOCIAL policy - Abstract
Information about several papers discussed at a conference titled "The European Welfare State in a Global Context," which was held April 11-13, 2013 at the University of Frankfurt in Frankfurt, Germany, is presented. Topics included the expansion of welfare services in Europe after the end of World War II, the relationship between socialism and welfare in Germany, and how social policies impacted French decolonization.
- Published
- 2013
12. Impact of national smoke-free legislation on home smoking bans: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Europe Surveys.
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Mons, Ute, Nagelhout, Gera E., Allwright, Shane, Guignard, Romain, Van Den Putte, Bas, Willemsen, Marc C., Fong, Geoffrey T., Brenner, Hermann, Pötschke-Langer, Martina, and Breitling, Lutz P.
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SMOKING laws ,SMOKING prevention ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,SMOKING cessation ,T-test (Statistics) ,DATA analysis ,HOME environment ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,SECONDARY analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objectives To measure changes in prevalence and predictors of home smoking bans (HSBs) among smokers in four European countries after the implementation of national smoke-free legislation. Design Two waves of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Europe Surveys, which is a prospective panel study. Pre- and post-legislation data were used from Ireland, France, Germany and the Netherlands. Two pre-legislation waves from the UK were used as control. Participants 4634 respondents from the intervention countries and 1080 from the control country completed both baseline and follow-up and were included in the present analyses. Methods Multiple logistic regression models to identify predictors of having or of adopting a total HSB, and Generalised Estimating Equation models to compare patterns of change after implementation of smoke-free legislation to a control country without such legislation. Results Most smokers had at least partial smoking restrictions in their home, but the proportions varied significantly between countries. After implementation of national smoke-free legislation, the proportion of smokers with a total HSB increased significantly in all four countries. Among continuing smokers, the number of cigarettes smoked per day either remained stable or decreased significantly. Multiple logistic regression models indicated that having a young child in the household and supporting smoking bans in bars were important correlates of having a pre-legislation HSB. Prospective predictors of imposing a HSB between survey waves were planning to quit smoking, supporting a total smoking ban in bars and the birth of a child. Generalised Estimating Equation models indicated that the change in total HSB in the intervention countries was greater than that in the control country. Conclusions The findings suggest that smoke-free legislation does not lead to more smoking in smokers' homes. On the contrary, our findings demonstrate that smoke-free legislation may stimulate smokers to establish total smoking bans in their homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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13. Economic burden of varicella in Europe in the absence of universal varicella vaccination.
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Pawaskar, Manjiri, Méroc, Estelle, Samant, Salome, Flem, Elmira, Bencina, Goran, Riera-Montes, Margarita, and Heininger, Ulrich
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CHICKENPOX ,BURDEN of care ,STOCHASTIC models - Abstract
Background: Though the disease burden of varicella in Europe has been reported previously, the economic burden is still unknown. This study estimated the economic burden of varicella in Europe in the absence of Universal Varicella Vaccination (UVV) in 2018 Euros from both payer (direct costs) and societal (direct and indirect costs) perspectives.Methods: We estimated the country specific and overall annual costs of varicella in absence of UVV in 31 European countries (27 EU countries, plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom). To obtain country specific unit costs and associated healthcare utilization, we conducted a systematic literature review, searching in PubMed, EMBASE, NEED, DARE, REPEC, Open Grey, and public heath websites (1/1/1999-10/15/2019). The number of annual varicella cases, deaths, outpatient visits and hospitalizations were calculated (without UVV) based on age-specific incidence rates (Riera-Montes et al. 2017) and 2018 population data by country. Unit cost per varicella case and disease burden data were combined using stochastic modeling to estimate 2018 costs stratified by country, age and healthcare resource.Results: Overall annual total costs associated with varicella were estimated to be €662,592,061 (Range: €309,552,363 to €1,015,631,760) in Europe in absence of UVV. Direct and indirect costs were estimated at €229,076,206 (Range €144,809,557 to €313,342,856) and €433,515,855 (Range €164,742,806 to €702,288,904), respectively. Total cost per case was €121.45 (direct: €41.99; indirect: €79.46). Almost half of the costs were attributed to cases in children under 5 years, owing mainly to caregiver work loss. The distribution of costs by healthcare resource was similar across countries. France and Germany accounted for 49.28% of total annual costs, most likely due to a combination of high numbers of cases and unit costs in these countries.Conclusions: The economic burden of varicella across Europe in the absence of UVV is substantial (over 600 M€), primarily driven by caregiver burden including work productivity losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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14. Databases and Networking for Development. The Organization of Information in Europe in the Field of Policy and Planning for Developing Countries.
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Lindsay, John
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This work suggests that better organization of existing sources of information available in Europe and better application of these sources to training can result in improved understanding of how information systems work, and it provides an annotated list of some of these sources. The guide opens with an introduction to public policy and urban planning in the context of developing countries, and explains that because this subject area is so focused and interdisciplinary it is difficult to locate information in a consistent manner; thus, the information needs of the people living in urban areas of developing countries are little known or catered to. Definitions for the field are explored, and the prospective users of information networks within this field are identified, e.g., academics and researchers, funding agencies, students in Europe, consultants, and planners in the third world. Subsequent sections of the guide describe the types of materials included as reference sources (e.g., people, grey literature, and geospatial databases), and then list the resources by international organization or geographic location (United Kingdom, Scandinavia, Germany, France, Italy, Eastern Europe and the Benelux countries) from which the resources originate. An appendix presents a prototype information network. (SD)
- Published
- 1985
15. Hospital practices for the implementation of patient partnership in a multi-national European region.
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Scholtes, Beatrice, Breinbauer, Mareike, Rinnenburger, Mirko, Voyen, Madeline, Nguyen-Thi, Phi Linh, Ziegler, Oliver, Germain, Lucie, Böhme, Philip, Baumann, Michèle, Bihan, Etienne Le, Repplinger, Jean-Jacques, Spitz, Elisabeth, Voz, Bernard, Ortiz-Halabi, Iness, Dardenne, Nadia, Donneau, Anne-Françoise, Guillaume, Michèle, Bragard, Isabelle, and Pétré, Benoit
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HEALTH facility administration ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,PATIENT participation ,CROSS-sectional method ,PATIENT decision making - Abstract
Background The extent to which patients are involved in their care can be influenced by hospital policies and interventions. Nevertheless, the implementation of patient participation and involvement (PPI) at the organisational (meso) level has rarely been assessed systematically. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of PPI practises in hospitals in Belgium, France, Germany and Luxembourg and to analyze if, and to what extent, the hospital vision and the presence of a patient committee influence the implementation of PPI practises. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire in hospitals in the border regions of the four countries. The data were analyzed for differences between regions and the maturity of PPI development. Results Full responses were obtained from 64 hospitals. A wide range of practices were observed, the degree of maturity was mixed. A majority of hospitals promoted patient partnership in the hospital's philosophy of care statement. However, the implementation of specific interventions for PPI was not found uniformly and differences could be observed between the countries. Conclusions Hospitals in the region seem to be motivated to include patients more fully, however, implementation of PPI interventions seems incomplete and only partially integrated into the general functioning of the hospitals. The implementation of the concept seems to be more mature in the francophone part of the region perhaps due, in part, to a more favourable political context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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16. Trends of multimorbidity in 15 European countries: a population-based study in community-dwelling adults aged 50 and over.
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Souza, Dyego L. B., Oliveras-Fabregas, Albert, Minobes-Molina, Eduard, de Camargo Cancela, Marianna, Galbany-Estragués, Paola, and Jerez-Roig, Javier
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COMORBIDITY ,NON-communicable diseases ,DISEASE prevalence ,HEALTH of older people ,DISEASES in older people ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,INDEPENDENT living ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Background: The objective of this work was to analyse the prevalence trends of multimorbidity among European community-dwelling adults.Methods: A temporal series study based on waves 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was conducted, and community-dwelling participants aged 50+ (n = 274,614) from 15 European countries were selected for the period 2004-2017. Prevalence, adjusted by age, Average Annual Percentage Change (APC) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were all calculated. Trend analyses were realised by period, age groups and groups of diseases.Results: The results showed a large variability in the prevalence of multimorbidity in adults aged 50 and over among European countries. Increase in the prevalence of multimorbidity in the countries of central Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany and Switzerland) and Spain in both sexes, and in the Netherlands among men. Stability was observed in northern and eastern European countries. Musculoskeletal and neurodegenerative groups showed more significant changes in the trend analyses.Conclusions: This information can be useful for policy makers when planning health promotion and prevention policies addressing modifiable risk factors in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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17. Executive Insights: Real Differences Between Local and International Brands: Strategic Implications for International Marketers.
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Schuiling, Isabelle and Kapferer, Jean-Noël
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INTERNATIONAL markets ,BRAND name products ,GLOBALIZATION ,MARKETING strategy ,COMPETITIVE advantage in business ,DATABASES - Abstract
In the current context of globalization, firms have concentrated their efforts on the development of international brands. As a result, international brand portfolios have been restructured, and many successful local brands have been eliminated. This article's objective is to improve the understanding of local brand differences and competitive advantages relative to international brands. To achieve this, the authors reanalyzed the Young & Rubicam database Brand Asset Valuator and examined more than 744 brands across the four largest countries in Europe: the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy. The authors discuss the managerial implications of the findings for international marketers as they develop their ideal international brand portfolios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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18. Gender differences in common mental disorders: a comparison of social risk factors across four European welfare regimes.
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Velde, Sarah Van de, Boyd, Anders, Villagut, Gemma, Alonso, Jordi, Bruffaerts, Ronny, Graaf, Ron De, Florescu, Silvia, Haro, Josep, and Kovess-Masfety, Viviane
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MENTAL illness risk factors ,PSYCHIATRIC epidemiology ,AFFECTIVE disorders ,EMPLOYMENT ,MARITAL status ,SEX distribution ,STATISTICS ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,COMMUNITY support ,WELL-being ,ANXIETY disorders ,DISEASE prevalence ,ALCOHOL-induced disorders ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Background Decreasing gender differences in mental health are found largely in countries in which the roles of men and women have improved in terms of opportunities for employment, education, child care and other indicators of increasing gender equality. In this study, we examine how European welfare regimes influence this association between mental health and the social roles that men and women occupy. Methods The EU-World Mental Health data are used, which covers the general population in 10 European countries (n = 37 289); Countries were grouped into four welfare regions: Liberal regime (Northern Ireland), Bismarckian regime (Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and France), Southern regime (Spain, Italy, Portugal) and Central-Eastern regime (Romania and Bulgaria). The lifetime prevalence of mood, anxiety and alcohol disorders was determined by using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. Overall prevalence rates along with odds ratios by means of bivariate logistic regression models are calculated to compare the presence of common mental disorders in women versus men per welfare regime. Results Overall prevalence of common mental disorders is highest in the Liberal regime and lowest in the Central/Eastern regime. The gender gap in mental disorders is largest in the Southern regime and smallest in the Liberal regime. Marital status and certain employment positions help to explain variation in mental disorders across and within welfare regimes. Conclusion Most prominent pathways linking gender to mental ill-health being are related to marital status and certain employment positions. However, these pathways also show substantial variation across welfare regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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19. Tomorrow, a Eurobomb?
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Hibbs, Mark
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NUCLEAR weapons ,FRANCE-Germany relations - Abstract
Reports on the talks between France and Germany to create a nuclear deterrence system in Europe. Offer of a common defense system from French President Jacques Chirac; Response from a German foreign policy spokesman; Access of the Germans to French nuclear weapons; Germany's participation in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
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- 1996
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20. Dietitian perceptions of low-calorie sweeteners.
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Harricharan, Michelle, Wills, Josephine, Metzger, Nathalie, Looy, Anne de, and Barnett, Julie
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CONFIDENCE intervals ,INTERVIEWING ,REDUCING diets ,SWEETENERS ,QUALITATIVE research ,THEMATIC analysis ,DATA analysis software ,DIETITIANS' attitudes ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Background: Lowering energy (calorie) intake is essential in managing a healthy weight. One method of doing this is substituting sugar with low/no-calorie sweeteners. The safety of sweeteners has been debated, but little is known about how they are perceived by professionals responsible for weight management advice. We sought to explore dietitian perceptions of sweeteners and to identify the practical advice they provide about them. Methods: We collected data in France, Germany, Hungary, Portugal and the United Kingdom. We used face-toface interviews and a novel online tool designed to engage people with online content in a way that approximates everyday processes of making sense of information. Results: We identified four approaches to sweeteners that dietitians took: (1) sweeteners should not be used, (2) they should be limited and used primarily as a transitional product, (3) sweetener use was decided by the client and (4) sweeteners should be recommended or at least allowed. Where dietitians are reticent to recommend sweeteners this is because they feel it is important for consumers to reduce their attachment to sweet tastes and of evidence linking the consumption of sweeteners to increased appetite. There is also uncertainty about the possible negative health effects of sweeteners. Conclusions: Dietitians' perceptions about sweeteners are uncertain, ambivalent and divergent, sometimes explicitly being linked to fears about adverse health effects. Clear and authoritative guidance is required on scientific evidence around sweeteners as well as the ways in which they can be used in dietetic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. How Can Curriculum History Benefit from Sociolinguistics? The Importance of Language Controversy in the Making of Citizens in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Europe
- Author
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Gardin, Matias and Gritter, Kris
- Abstract
Based on small case-study illustrations from a variety of European countries, this study aims to explore methodological aspects of the study of curriculum history by expanding its traditional research scope. In so doing, it is argued that sociolinguistic issues are essential to this discussion. The main argument is that sociolinguistics and curriculum history are more closely intertwined than has been proposed by previous academic literature. Under the examination are often two sides of the same coin which are viewed from different, albeit closely related, research angles. In effect, the curriculum's contextualisation is also structured and modified by sociolinguistic considerations. In the conclusion, it is maintained that citizenship education--understood here as the historical manifestation of the dominant cultural expectations towards the citizens as the bearers of a particular nation state during a specific timeframe--should be better informed by sociolinguistic literature, and by that, also placed against those language controversies that surround the curriculum. On this basis, by adding value to the study of the curriculum as part of educational history--and by blurring unnecessary academic boundaries--this paper provides interdisciplinary insights into the study of curriculum history vis-à-vis sociolinguistics, which have so far remained too separated.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Associations between tobacco control policy awareness, social acceptability of smoking and smoking cessation. Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Europe Surveys.
- Author
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Rennen, Els, Nagelhout, Gera E., van den Putte, Bas, Janssen, Eva, Mons, Ute, Guignard, Romain, Beck, François, de Vries, Hein, Thrasher, James F., and Willemsen, Marc C.
- Subjects
SMOKING prevention ,AUTOMATIC data collection systems ,CHI-squared test ,STATISTICAL correlation ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MATHEMATICAL models ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SMOKING cessation ,SURVEYS ,TOBACCO ,THEORY ,GOVERNMENT policy ,SOCIAL attitudes ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
This study examined whether awareness of tobacco control policies was associated with social unacceptability of smoking and whether social unacceptability had an effect on smoking cessation in three European countries. Representative samples (n = 3865) of adult smokers in France, the Netherlands and Germany were used from two survey waves of the longitudinal International Tobacco Control Europe Surveys. Associations were examined of aspects of social unacceptability of smoking (i.e. feeling uncomfortable, important people disapproval and societal disapproval) with tobacco policy awareness (i.e. awareness of warning labels, anti-tobacco information and smoking restrictions at work) and smoking cessation. Only the positive association of awareness of anti-tobacco information with feeling uncomfortable about smoking was significant in each of the three countries. Important people disapproval predicted whether smokers attempted to quit, although this did not reach significance in the French and German samples in multivariate analyses. Our findings suggest that anti-tobacco information campaigns about the dangers of second-hand smoke in France and about smoking cessation in the Netherlands and Germany might have reduced the social acceptability of smoking in these countries. However, campaigns that influence the perceived disapproval of smoking by important people may be needed to ultimately increase attempts to quit smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Comprehensive smoke-free policies attract more support from smokers in Europe than partial policies.
- Author
-
Mons, Ute, Nagelhout, Gera E., Guignard, Romain, McNeill, Ann, van den Putte, Bas, Willemsen, Marc C., Brenner, Hermann, Pötschke-Langer, Martina, and Breitling, Lutz P.
- Subjects
SMOKING laws ,HUMAN services programs ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,FOOD service ,HEALTH attitudes ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MATHEMATICAL models ,PUBLIC opinion ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SMOKING cessation ,SOCIAL change ,STATISTICS ,TIME ,DATA analysis ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,SECONDARY analysis ,PREDICTIVE validity ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,CONTROL groups ,REPEATED measures design - Abstract
Background: Support for smoke-free policies increases over time and particularly after implementation of the policy. In this study we examined whether the comprehensiveness of such policies moderates the effect on support among smokers. Methods: We analysed two waves (pre- and post-smoke-free legislation) of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) surveys in France, Germany, and the Netherlands, and two pre-legislation waves of the ITC surveys in UK as control. Of 6,903 baseline smokers, 4,945 (71.6%) could be followed up and were included in the analyses. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to compare changes in support from pre- to post-legislation to the secular trend in the control country. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to identify predictors of individual change in support. Findings: In France, the comprehensive smoking ban was associated with sharp increases in support for a total smoking ban in drinking establishments and restaurants that were above secular trends. In Germany and the Netherlands, where smoke-free policies and compliance are especially deficient in drinking establishments, only support for a total smoking ban in restaurants increased above the secular trend. Notable prospective predictors of becoming supportive of smoking bans in these countries were higher awareness of cigarette smoke being dangerous to others and weekly visiting of restaurants. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that smoke-free policies have the potential to improve support once the policy is in place. This effect seems to be most pronounced with comprehensive smoking bans, which thus might be the most valid option for policy-makers despite their potential for creating controversy and resistance in the beginning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Do smokers in Europe think all cigarettes are equally harmful?
- Author
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Brown, Abraham, McNeill, Ann, Mons, Ute, and Guignard, Romain
- Subjects
AGE distribution ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DECISION making ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,HEALTH attitudes ,LABELS ,LONGITUDINAL method ,NICOTINE ,PRODUCT safety ,RESEARCH funding ,SEX distribution ,SMOKING ,TOBACCO ,DATA analysis ,SECONDARY analysis ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,CROSS-sectional method ,HEALTH literacy ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background: Despite the ban on misleading descriptors such as light or mild cigarettes in Europe, there are still widespread misperceptions of the relative harmfulness of different brands of cigarettes among smokers. This study examined the extent to which smokers in three European countries believed that some cigarette brands are less harmful and why, using data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Europe surveys. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were completed among nationally representative samples of 4,956 current smokers (aged ≥ 18) from Germany (n = 1,515), France (n = 1,735) and the United Kingdom (n = 1,706) conducted between September 2006 and November 2007. Logistic regression models examined whether outcomes, including beliefs that some cigarettes could be less harmful than others, varied by socio-demographic and country of residence. Findings: Around a quarter of smokers in the UK and France, and a third in Germany believed some cigarettes are less harmful than others. Overall, of smokers who falsely believed that some cigarettes are less harmful, 86.3% thought that tar/nicotine yields, 48.7% taste, and 40.4% terms on packs such as ‘smooth’ or ‘ultra’ indicated less harmful brands. About a fifth of smokers across all countries chose their brand based on health reasons, and a similar proportion gave tar yields as a reason for choosing brands. Conclusions: Our research suggests that the current European Tobacco Products Directive is inadequate in eliminating misperceptions about the relative risk of brand descriptors on cigarettes. There is therefore an urgent need to protect smokers in Europe from these misperceptions via stronger measures such as plain packaging regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Contemporary History in Europe: From Mastering National Pasts to the Future of Writing the World.
- Author
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Spohr Readman, Kristina
- Subjects
WORLD history ,EUROPEAN history ,TRANSNATIONALISM ,HISTORICAL research methods ,FRENCH history, 1789- ,GERMAN history, 1871- ,BRITISH history - Abstract
Debates surrounding the approach to and distinctiveness of contemporary history qua history that had been simmering ever since the professionalization of history in the late nineteenth century re-emerged with vigour after 1990. This article attempts to identify what characterizes and distinguishes (the history of) our present time, by comparing the evolution of what has been labelled ‘contemporary history’ in France, Germany and Britain over the last 90 years. In discussing some of the conceptual problems and methodological challenges of contemporary history, it will be revealed that many in Europe remain stuck in an older, ‘national’ (and transnational) fixation with the second world war and the nazis’ atrocities, although working in medias res today appears to point to the investigation of events and phenomena that are ‘global’. The article will seek to make a fresh suggestion of how to delimit ‘contemporariness’ from the older ‘past’ and end with some comments on the significance of the role of contemporary history within the broader historical discipline and society at large. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. A New Identity for Old Europe: How and Why the French Imagined Françallemagne in Recent Years.
- Author
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Gunther, Scott
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL alliances ,CROSS-cultural communication ,GROUP identity ,ANTI-Americanism ,EUROPEAN history, 1945- ,FRANCE-Germany relations ,FRENCH civilization ,GERMAN civilization - Abstract
This article examines recent efforts to foster a sense of 'Franco-Germanness' in France through an analysis of popular media generated by the fortieth anniversary of the Elysée Treaty in 2003, including: (1) a Franco-German television news program, (2) a light-hearted television program called Karambolage that presents daily life in France and Germany, and (3) a new history textbook for use in both German and French schools. These recent efforts differed from previous attempts to bring France and Germany closer both in terms of how they operated (earlier efforts focused on informing one country about the other's foreign culture; recent efforts were more about identifying what the two have in common) and why they occurred (earlier efforts focused on transforming a former enemy into a friend; recent efforts were about coming together in the face of a common adversary, namely, the Bush administration and its position on Iraq). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Similar and Yet So Different: Cash-for-Care in Six European Countries' Long-Term Care Policies.
- Author
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Da ROIT, BARBARA and Le BIHAN, BLANCHE
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,LONG term health care -- Law & legislation ,LONG-term health care ,CAREGIVERS ,MEDICAL care ,MEDICAL care costs ,HISTORY ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
In response to increasing care needs, the reform or development of long-term care (LTC) systems has become a prominent policy issue in all European countries. Cash-for-care schemes-allowances instead of services provided to dependents-represent a key policy aimed at ensuring choice, fostering family care, developing care markets, and containing costs. A detailed analysis of policy documents and regulations, together with a systematic review of existing studies, was used to investigate the differences among six European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden). The rationale and evolution of their various cash-for-care schemes within the framework of their LTC systems also were explored. While most of the literature present cash-for-care schemes as a common trend in the reforms that began in the 1990s and often treat them separately from the overarching LTC policies, this article argues that the policy context, timing, and specific regulation of the new schemes have created different visions of care and care work that in turn have given rise to distinct LTC configurations. A new typology of long-term care configurations is proposed based on the inclusiveness of the system, the role of cash-for-care schemes and their specific regulations, as well as the views of informal care and the care work that they require. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Acceptance of guideline recommendations and perceived implementation of coronary heart disease prevention among primary care physicians in five European countries: the Reassessing European Attitudes about Cardiovascular Treatment (REACT) survey.
- Author
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Hobbs, F.D. Richard and Erhardt, Leif
- Subjects
CORONARY heart disease prevention ,PRIMARY care ,GENERAL practitioners ,PHYSICIANS' attitudes ,HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA prevention ,ANALYSIS of variance ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CHI-squared test ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEDICAL protocols ,PRIMARY health care ,RISK assessment ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors - Abstract
Background: Although primary care is the major target of coronary heart disease (CHD) clinical recommendations, little is known of how community physicians view guidelines and their implementation. The REACT survey was designed to assess the views, and perceived implementation, of CHD and lipid treatment guidelines among primary care physicians.Methods: Semi-structured validated telephone interviews were conducted, in the relevant native tongue, with 754 randomly selected primary care physicians (GPs and family doctors) in five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the UK).Results: Most physicians (89%) agreed with the content of current guidelines and reported use of them (81%). However, only 18% of physicians believed that guidelines were being implemented to a major extent. Key barriers to greater implementation of guidelines were seen as lack of time (38% of all physicians), prescription costs (30%), and patient compliance (17%). Suggestions for ways to improve implementation centred on more education, both for physicians themselves (29%) and patients (25%); promoting, publicizing or increasing guideline availability (23%); simplifying the guidelines (17%); and making them clearer (12%). Physicians perceived diabetes to be the most important risk factor for CHD, followed by hypertension and raised LDL-C. Most physicians (92%) believe their patients do associate high cholesterol levels with CHD. After establishing that a patient is 'at risk' of CHD, physicians reported spending an average of 16.5 minutes discussing risk factors and lifestyle changes or treatment that is required. Factors preventing this included insufficient time (42%), having too many other patients to see (27%) and feeling that patients did not listen or understand anyway (21%).Conclusions: Primary care physicians need more information and support on the implementation of CHD and cholesterol guideline recommendations. This need is recognized by clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Therapeutic States and Attention Deflicts: Differential Cross-National Diagnostics and Treatments.
- Author
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Oliverio, Annaimarie and Lauderdale, Pat
- Subjects
ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,CHILD psychiatry ,MENTAL illness ,CLINICAL psychology - Abstract
The growth of the therapeutic state in U.S. society has led to a rise in the naming of mental disorders for behaviors previously viewed as diverse or deviant. The current popularity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or attention deficit disorder (ADD) for children (and adults) in the U.S. provides an example of this growth especially when it is compared to Europe, particularly Britain, Germany and France. Furthermore, compared to the U.S., research on hyperkinetic disorder is considerably more diverse, although significantly less in amount. In addition to having more restrictive diagnostic criteria, behaviors considered as attention deficits in the U.S. are typically viewed as problems of conduct in Europe. In this article, they examine the social construction of this mental disorder by examining institutional differences between the U.S. and Europe including the state and the organizational structure of the medical establishment, its political power, and the predominant focus of research in clinical psychology.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. European public and project finance roundtable.
- Subjects
PUBLIC finance ,PROJECT finance ,GOVERNMENT securities - Abstract
The article presents a European public and project finance roundtable concerning the specific demands of public and project finance in Germany, France and throughout Europe in 2008. Anne Bosche-Lenoir of Région Ile-de-France, describes the funding requirement of France. Eckhard Helms, treasurer of the State of North RhineWestphalia in Germany, describes how local governments' funding strategies evolved. The panelists discusses the extent to which local government bonds act as safe haven investments during the crisis in financial markets.
- Published
- 2008
31. EVERY LITTLE REFORM COUNTS.
- Author
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Rossant, John and Ewing, Jack
- Subjects
ECONOMIC reform ,FRENCH economic policy ,GERMAN economic policy, 1990- ,ECONOMIC policy ,REFORMS ,CONSUMER attitudes ,CORPORATE reorganizations ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Discusses how economic measures in Germany and France may add up to brighter growth prospects for 2005. Optimism of consumers and business; Overview of some of the incremental reforms; Role of the German and French governments in adopting the measures; How companies are beginning to see benefits from several years of restructuring; Outlook for economic growth in Europe.
- Published
- 2005
32. The present and future burden of previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by histology and line of therapy in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain: model-based predictions.
- Author
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Campbell, David, O'Day, Ken, Hertel, Nadine, Penrod, John R., Manley Daumont, Melinda, and Lees, Michael
- Subjects
LUNG cancer treatment ,CANCER treatment ,SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma ,COMPUTER software ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ECONOMIC aspects of diseases ,FORECASTING ,REGRESSION analysis ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,SURVIVAL ,EARLY detection of cancer - Abstract
Background: The burden of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not well understood, and the number of patients likely to receive treatment in Europe has not been quantified. The aim of this study was to forecast the annual number of patients with squamous and non-squamous advanced NSCLC likely to receive second and third lines of therapy (LOT) from 2016 to 2020 in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Methods: A patient count model (PCM) was developed in Microsoft Excel to estimate the number of patients with refractory advanced NSCLC eligible to receive systemic treatment. Using historical population-based cancer registry data, segmented linear regression ("Joinpoint") was used to forecast age- and sex-stratified lung cancer incidence rates in each country through 2020. Yearly incident case count totals by country were apportioned according to NSCLC histology and stage at diagnosis. Country-specific treatment rates came from a recent medical chart review study, and early- to advanced-stage disease progression rates were estimated over a 10-year interval. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was performed to estimate variability in the patient counts. Results: The combined number of squamous and non-squamous advanced NSCLC patients estimated to receive second and third LOT, respectively, in 2016 were France = 11,600 and 3500; Germany = 15,100 and 4900; Italy = 13,500 and 2500; Spain = 9400 and 2100. The forecasted numbers of patients receiving second and third LOT, respectively, in 2020 were France = 13,900 and 4200; Germany = 16,200 and 5200; Italy = 15,100 and 2600; Spain = 11,000 and 2500. Conclusions: Driven by growth in the incidence of NSCLC among women, the model forecasts an overall increase in the number of patients with advanced-stage squamous and non-squamous NSCLC likely to receive systemic treatment in the year 2020. The results highlight the significant burden of refractory advanced NSCLC and the need for more robust surveillance data to accurately quantify the burden of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Patients’ perspective on the burden of migraine in Europe: a cross-sectional analysis of survey data in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
- Author
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Vo, Pamela, Laflamme, Annik K., Fang, Juanzhi, Bilitou, Aikaterini, and Gupta, Shaloo
- Subjects
MIGRAINE prevention ,MIGRAINE ,CHI-squared test ,ECONOMIC aspects of diseases ,HEALTH surveys ,LABOR productivity ,MEDICAL care use ,QUALITY of life ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SURVEYS ,T-test (Statistics) ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,CROSS-sectional method ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,PRESENTEEISM (Labor) ,MANN Whitney U Test ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Background: Migraine is a distinct neurological disease that imposes a significant burden on patients, society, and the healthcare system. This study aimed to characterize the incremental burden of migraine in individuals who suffer from ≥4 monthly headache days (MHDs) by examining health-related quality of life (HRQoL), impairments to work productivity and daily activities, and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) in the EU5 (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom).Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study used data from the 2016 National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS; N = 80,600). Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey, version 2 (SF-36v2) physical and mental component summary scores (PCS and MCS), Short-form-6D (SF-6D), and EuroQoL (EQ-5D), impairments to work productivity and daily activities (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI), and HRU were compared between migraine respondents suffering from ≥4 MHDs (n = 218) and non-migraine controls (n = 218) by propensity score matching using sociodemographic characteristics. Chi-square, T-tests, and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to determine significant differences between the groups after propensity score matching.Results: HRQoL was lower in migraine individuals suffering from ≥4 MHDs compared with non-migraine controls, with reduced SF-36v2 PCS (46.00 vs 50.51) and MCS (37.69 vs 44.82), SF-6D health state utility score (0.62 vs 0.71), and EQ-5D score (0.68 vs 0.81) (for all, p < 0.001). Respondents with migraine suffering from ≥4 MHDs also reported higher levels of absenteeism from work (14.43% vs 9.46%; p = 0.001), presenteeism (35.52% vs 20.97%), overall work impairment (38.70% vs 23.27%), and activity impairment (44.17% vs 27.75%) than non-migraine controls (for all, p < 0.001). Additionally, HRU was significantly higher for individuals with ≥4 MHDs compared to their matched controls. Consistently, migraine subgroups (4-7 MHDs, 8-14 MHDs and CM) had lower HRQoL, greater overall work and activity impairment, and higher HRU compared to non-migraine controls.Conclusions: Migraine of ≥4 MHDs was associated with poorer HRQoL, greater work productivity loss, and higher HRU compared with non-migraine controls. The findings of the study suggest that an unmet need exists among individuals suffering from ≥4 MHDs in the EU5 suggesting the need for effective prophylactic treatments to lessen the humanistic and economic burden of migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. In Europe, Opportunity Knocks.
- Author
-
Matlack, Carol
- Subjects
CONSTITUTIONS - Abstract
Presents the reasons for the French and Dutch votes against the establishment of the European Union constitution in 2005. Death of the French-German imperium; Political generation exits in the region; Two-speed Europe planned by France and Germany.
- Published
- 2005
35. Structural Violence and Health-Related Outcomes in Europe: A Descriptive Systematic Review.
- Author
-
Macassa G, McGrath C, Rashid M, and Soares J
- Subjects
- Europe, France, Germany, Humans, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, Violence
- Abstract
In recent years, there has been a revival of the term "structural violence (SV)" which was coined by Johan Galtung in the 1960s in the context of Peace Studies. "Structural violence" refers to social structures-economic, legal, political, religious, and cultural-that prevent individuals, groups and societies from reaching their full potential. In the European context, very few studies have investigated health and well-being using an SV perspective. Therefore, this paper sought to systematically and descriptively review studies that used an SV framework to examine health-related outcomes across European countries. The review included two studies each from Spain and France, one each from the UK, Ukraine and Russia, and another study including the three countries Sweden, Portugal and Germany. With the exception of one mixed-method study, the studies used a qualitative design. Furthermore, the eight studies in the review used different conceptualizations of SV, which indicates the complexity of using SV as a concept in public health in the European context. Future research that attempts to identify and standardize measures of SV is needed; the knowledge gained is hoped to inform appropriate interventions aiming to reduce the effects of SV on population health.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Research on the Spatial Structure of the European Union's Tourism Economy and Its Effects.
- Author
-
Xie W, Li H, and Yin Y
- Subjects
- Austria, Europe, Europe, Eastern, European Union, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, United Kingdom, Tourism
- Abstract
With the implementation of European integration policies such as the single market, the Euro and the Schengen Visa, the EU member states are developing closer economic ties through tourism, and their level of tourism integration is constantly improving. Taking the 28 EU member states as research objects, this paper constructs a tourism economic connection network among them, measures the strength of their tourism economic connections from 1995 to 2018 by using the modified gravity model and social network method, and analyzes the spatial structure characteristics and effects of the EU tourism economy. The results are as follows: (1) The tourism economic ties of EU member states are growing increasingly close, enhancing network stability. (2) Germany, France, Italy, Austria and the United Kingdom are the top five countries in the degree centrality and closeness centrality rankings, meaning that they are located in the center of the network and have great influence, and the network is becoming increasingly concentrated. Germany, Italy, Sweden, Austria and France play an important intermediary role in the network, and the centrality of most member states has increased. (3) The core areas are mainly concentrated in Western Europe, Southern Europe, Mediterranean mainland countries and Central Europe, while the marginal areas are mainly concentrated in Eastern Europe, Northern Europe and Mediterranean island countries; the network connection density of the core area, the network connection density of the marginal area, and the network connection density between the core and marginal area overall show an increasing trend. (4) Improvements in the complete network connectedness and a reduction in graph efficiency can significantly reduce differences in EU tourism economic development levels and improve spatial equity.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Ozone weekend effect in cities: Deep insights for urban air pollution control.
- Author
-
Sicard P, Paoletti E, Agathokleous E, Araminienė V, Proietti C, Coulibaly F, and De Marco A
- Subjects
- Canada, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Europe, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, United States, Air Pollutants analysis, Air Pollution prevention & control, Ozone analysis
- Abstract
Studying weekend-weekday variation in ground-level ozone (O
3 ) allows one to better understand O3 formation conditions, with a potential for developing effective strategies for O3 control. Reducing inappropriately the O3 precursors emissions can either produce no reduction or increase surface O3 concentrations. This paper analyzes the weekend-weekday differences of O3 at 300 rural and 808 urban background stations worldwide from 2005 to 2014, in order to investigate the O3 weekend effect over time and assess the effectiveness of the precursors emissions control policies for reducing O3 levels. Data were analyzed with the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Theil-Sen estimator. Rural sites typically did not experience a weekend-weekday effect. In all urban stations, the mean O3 concentration on the weekend was 12% higher than on weekdays. Between 2005 and 2014, the annual mean of daily O3 concentrations increased at 74% of urban sites worldwide (+ 0.41 ppb year-1 ) and decreased in the United Kingdom (- 0.18 ppb year-1 ). Over this time period, emissions of O3 precursors declined significantly. However, a greater decline in nitrogen oxides (NOx ) emissions caused an increase in Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) to NOx ratios leading to O3 formation. In France, South Korea and the United Kingdom, most urban stations showed a significant upward trend (+ 1.15% per year) for O3 weekend effect. Conversely, in Canada, Germany, Japan, Italy and the United States, the O3 weekend effect showed a significant downward trend (- 0.26% per year). Further or inappropriate control of anthropogenic emissions in Canada, Southern Europe, Japan, South Korea and the United States might result in increased daily O3 levels in urban areas., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Deep brain stimulation treatment in dystonia: a bibliometric analysis.
- Author
-
Listik C, Listik E, Cury RG, Barbosa ER, Teixeira MJ, and Andrade DC
- Subjects
- Bibliometrics, Europe, France, Germany, Globus Pallidus, Humans, Deep Brain Stimulation, Dystonia therapy
- Abstract
Background: Dystonia is a heterogeneous disorder that, when refractory to medical treatment, may have a favorable response to deep brain stimulation (DBS). A practical way to have an overview of a research domain is through a bibliometric analysis, as it makes it more accessible for researchers and others outside the field to have an idea of its directions and needs., Objective: To analyze the 100 most cited articles in the use of DBS for dystonia treatment in the last 30 years., Methods: The research protocol was performed in June 2019 in Elsevier's Scopus database, by retrieving the most cited articles regarding DBS in dystonia. We analyzed authors, year of publication, country, affiliation, and targets of DBS., Results: Articles are mainly published in Movement Disorders (19%), Journal of Neurosurgery (9%), and Neurology (9%). European countries offer significant contributions (57% of our sample). France (192.5 citations/paper) and Germany (144.1 citations/paper) have the highest citation rates of all countries. The United States contributes with 31% of the articles, with 129.8 citations/paper. The publications are focused on General outcomes (46%), followed by Long-term outcomes (12.5%), and Complications (11%), and the leading type of dystonia researched is idiopathic or inherited, isolated, segmental or generalized dystonia, with 27% of articles and 204.3 citations/paper., Conclusions: DBS in dystonia research is mainly published in a handful of scientific journals and focused on the outcomes of the surgery in idiopathic or inherited, isolated, segmental or generalized dystonia, and with globus pallidus internus as the main DBS target.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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