355 results on '"Oliver N"'
Search Results
2. Percutaneous vs Open Zadek Osteotomy for Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy and Haglund’s Deformity: A Systematic Review
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Yianni Bakaes BS, SarahRose Hall BA, J. Benjamin Jackson MD, MBA, A. Holly Johnson MD, Oliver N. Schipper MD, Ettore Vulcano MD, Jonathan R. M. Kaplan MD, and Tyler A. Gonzalez MD, MBA
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Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Background: Percutaneous Zadek osteotomy (ZO) has emerged as a surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) over the last decade. Existing literature is limited regarding the comparison of this approach with the more established, open ZO technique. This systematic review aims to evaluate and compare the current data on open vs percutaneous ZO approaches to help set evidence-based guidelines. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using the keywords (Zadek osteotomy) OR (Keck and Kelly osteotomy) OR (dorsal closing wedge calcaneal osteotomy) OR (Haglund Deformity) OR (Haglund Syndrome) OR (Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy) and MeSH terms Osteotomy , Calcaneus , Syndrome , Insertional , Achilles tendon , and Tendinopathy . Our search included the following databases: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The PRISMA protocol and the Cochrane Handbook guidelines were followed. All studies included were published from 2009 to 2024 and included the use of open or percutaneous approaches of ZO for the treatment of IAT with at least a 12-month follow-up. The MINORS score criteria were used to evaluate the strength and quality of studies. Results: A total of 17 studies were reviewed, including 611 subjects and 625 ZO procedures. Of these procedures, 81 (11%) subjects had a percutaneous and 544 (89%) subjects had an open ZO. The mean follow-up time was 16.1 months for patients treated with percutaneous ZO and 36.1 months for patients treated with open ZO. Both open and percutaneous studies included in this review showed postoperative improvements in AOFAS, FFI, VISA-A, and VAS scores in patients with IAT. The reported complication rate was 5.8% among patients treated with percutaneous ZO and 10.2% among patients treated with open ZO. Conclusion: Percutaneous ZO is an emerging approach with substantially fewer documented cases compared with the open ZO. Both percutaneous and open ZO appear to be relatively effective treatments for insertional Achilles tendinopathy with Haglund’s deformity. The lower complication rates reported for percutaneous ZO is encouraging. Further investigation with more subjects undergoing percutaneous ZO is clearly needed.
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- 2024
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3. Use of amino acid isotope analysis to investigate capital versus income breeding strategies in migratory avian species
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Nico Lübcker, John P. Whiteman, Oliver N. Shipley, Keith A. Hobson, and Seth D. Newsome
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biomonitoring ,breeding strategy ,compound‐specific stable isotope analysis ,egg production ,resource allocation ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Evolution ,QH359-425 - Abstract
Abstract Income and capital breeding represent opposing ends of a continuum of reproductive strategies. Quantifying nutrient allocation to reproduction is challenging, but recent advances in compound‐specific stable isotope analysis hold promise for tracing the source of individual compounds allocated to reproduction. Here, we describe a novel approach of using measured carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of individual amino acids (AAs) in pectoral muscle of egg‐laying females and egg yolk as a useful tool to quantify the reliance on income versus capital breeding in migrating species. We used white‐fronted (Anser albifrons frontalis), lesser snow (A. caerulescens caerulescens) and black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) geese breeding in tundra ecosystems of northern Alaska as model organisms. All three species relied on mixed capital–income breeding strategies, but models based on AA isotope data estimated higher proportional contributions of endogenous resources to yolk synthesis compared to results based on bulk tissue isotope analyses. Tracing income versus capital nutrient allocation in migratory species at the compound level is a major advance from the current ‘elemental’ perspective obtained from bulk tissue stable isotope analyses. Our framework is applicable to all taxonomic groups, as long as there is a sufficient spatial or temporal isotopic gradient between resources obtained during the breeding and non‐breeding periods.
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- 2023
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4. Observations of biennial reproduction in Caribbean reef sharks ‘Carcharhinus perezi’
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Beckah A. Campbell, Oliver N. Shipley, Taeler R. Jones, Austin J. Gallagher, and James A. Sulikowski
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estradiol and progesterone ,ultrasound ,endangered ,non-lethal ,elasmobranch ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Effective management and conservation of threatened species biodiversity requires knowledge of reproductive biology, such as cyclicity, mode, and age at maturity. We combined reproductive endocrinology and in-situ ultrasonography to examine reproductive characteristics of female Caribbean reef sharks Carcharhinus perezi, a widely distributed, threatened marine predator which remains largely understudied throughout its range. Unique to this study was the opportunity to conduct longitudinal assessments of two individuals, recaptured across multiple seasons during sampling in The Bahamas. Within-individual, paired hormone analyses and in-situ ultrasounds of female sharks that were confirmed as either pregnant, non-pregnant, or reproductively active, suggest a biennial reproductive cycle for Carcharhinus perezi. This unique opportunity to assess the reproductive biology of the same individuals over time underscore the importance of repeated sampling for elucidating population reproductive cyclicity of highly mobile sharks in the wild.
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- 2024
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5. Why estimands are needed to define treatment effects in clinical trials
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Oliver N. Keene, Helle Lynggaard, Stefan Englert, Vivian Lanius, and David Wright
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Estimand ,Treatment effect ,Intercurrent event ,ITT ,Per-protocol ,PICO ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background The estimand for a clinical trial is a precise definition of the treatment effect to be estimated. Traditionally, estimates of treatment effects are based on either an ITT analysis or a per-protocol analysis. However, there are important clinical questions which are not addressed by either of these analyses. For example, consider a trial where patients take a rescue medication. The ITT analysis includes data after use of rescue, while the per-protocol analysis excludes these patients altogether. Neither of these analyses addresses the important question of what the treatment effect would have been if patients did not take rescue medication. Main text Trial estimands provide a broader perspective compared to the limitations of ITT and per-protocol analysis. Trial treatment effects depend on how events occurring after treatment initiation such as use of alternative medication or discontinuation of the intervention are included in the definition. These events can be accounted for in different ways, depending on the clinical question of interest. Conclusion The estimand framework is an important step forward in improving the clarity and transparency of clinical trials. The centrality of estimands to clinical trials is currently not reflected in methods recommended by the Cochrane group or the CONSORT statement, the current standard for reporting clinical trials in medical journals. We encourage revisions to these guidelines.
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- 2023
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6. Depth Range Extension for the Misty Grouper Hyporthodus mystacinus Documented via Deep-Sea Landers throughout the Greater Caribbean
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Shannon E. Aldridge, Olivia F. L. Dixon, Christine de Silva, Johanna K. Kohler, Oliver N. Shipley, Brennan T. Phillips, Teresa F. Fernandes, Timothy Austin, Rupert F. Ormond, Mauvis A. Gore, and Austin J. Gallagher
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Misty Grouper ,deep-sea ,MPA ,Caribbean ,depth ,BRUV ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Misty Groupers (Hyporthodus mystacinus) are one of the largest and most geographically widespread grouper species and one of the few grouper species known to occur at depths greater than 200 m. However, aspects of their basic biology, behavior, and ecology remain poorly understood, leaving significant gaps in our ability to evaluate their functional role throughout the vertical water column, as well as our understanding of their conservation needs in a changing ocean. Through in-situ video observation obtained using deep-sea landers in both The Bahamas and Cayman Islands over multiple years, we documented Misty Grouper occurrence up to 470 m depth in the mesopelagic zone. These observations provide a new depth range extension for the species and illuminate the potential importance of deep-water habitats for large grouper species in the wider Caribbean.
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- 2024
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7. Comparison of Methods to Segment Variable-Contrast XCT Images of Methane-Bearing Sand Using U-Nets Trained on Single Dataset Sub-Volumes
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Fernando J. Alvarez-Borges, Oliver N. F. King, Bangalore N. Madhusudhan, Thomas Connolley, Mark Basham, and Sharif I. Ahmed
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U-Net ,methane hydrates ,microtomography ,sediment microstructure ,semantic segmentation ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
Methane (CH4) hydrate dissociation and CH4 release are potential geohazards currently investigated using X-ray computed tomography (XCT). Image segmentation is an important data processing step for this type of research. However, it is often time consuming, computing resource-intensive, operator-dependent, and tailored for each XCT dataset due to differences in greyscale contrast. In this paper, an investigation is carried out using U-Nets, a class of Convolutional Neural Network, to segment synchrotron XCT images of CH4-bearing sand during hydrate formation, and extract porosity and CH4 gas saturation. Three U-Net deployments previously untried for this task are assessed: (1) a bespoke 3D hierarchical method, (2) a 2D multi-label, multi-axis method and (3) RootPainter, a 2D U-Net application with interactive corrections. U-Nets are trained using small, targeted hand-annotated datasets to reduce operator time. It was found that the segmentation accuracy of all three methods surpass mainstream watershed and thresholding techniques. Accuracy slightly reduces in low-contrast data, which affects volume fraction measurements, but errors are small compared with gravimetric methods. Moreover, U-Net models trained on low-contrast images can be used to segment higher-contrast datasets, without further training. This demonstrates model portability, which can expedite the segmentation of large datasets over short timespans.
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- 2022
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8. Tiger sharks support the characterization of the world’s largest seagrass ecosystem
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Austin J. Gallagher, Jacob W. Brownscombe, Nourah A. Alsudairy, Andrew B. Casagrande, Chuancheng Fu, Lucy Harding, S. David Harris, Neil Hammerschlag, Wells Howe, Antonio Delgado Huertas, Sami Kattan, Andrew S. Kough, Andre Musgrove, Nicholas L. Payne, Adrian Phillips, Brendan D. Shea, Oliver N. Shipley, U. Rashid Sumaila, Mohammad S. Hossain, and Carlos M. Duarte
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Science - Abstract
This study characterizes the world’s largest seagrass ecosystem in The Bahamas by integrating spatial estimates with remote sensing and performing extensive ground-truthing of benthic habitat with 2,542 diver surveys, as well as data obtained from instrument-equipped tiger sharks, which have strong fidelity to seagrass ecosystems.
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- 2022
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9. First records of the blurred lantern shark Etmopterus bigelowi from the Cayman Islands, Western Atlantic
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Austin J. Gallagher, Oliver N. Shipley, Christine De Silva, Johanna K. Kohler, Teresa F. Fernandes, Timothy Austin, Rupert F. Ormond, and Mauvis A. Gore
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biodiversity ,Caribbean ,deep-sea ,lantern shark ,lander ,locality ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
The genus Etmopterus is the most speciose group of small bodied deep-sea sharks found throughout the tropical and subtropical Western Atlantic. Despite exhibiting a global distribution at the genus-level, the blurred lantern shark (Etempoterus bigelowi) is known only from a few records in the Western and Southern Atlantic Ocean. Through in-situ video observations using deep-sea landers, we provide two new locality records of the blurred lantern shark from the deep waters off the Cayman Islands, Caribbean Sea. Three unique individuals were recorded across two separate deployments between 653m – 668m. These observations provide the first records of this species in the Caribbean Sea, adding to the minimal knowledge of the species’ distribution throughout the Western Atlantic Ocean.
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- 2023
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10. The Effect of Chilled vs Room Temperature Irrigation on Thermal Energy Dissipation During MIS Calcaneal Osteotomy
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Sudheer C. Reddy MD, Oliver N. Schipper MD, and Jihui Li PhD
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Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Category: Hindfoot; Basic Sciences/Biologics; Other Introduction/Purpose: Minimally Invasive (MIS) calcaneal osteotomy has grown in popularity in recent years to address hindfoot deformity. A potential complication is thermal bone necrosis secondary to heat generation from the burr, leading to nonunion of the osteotomy. Irrigation is commonly employed to reduce this risk. The effect of irrigation on reducing this risk remains an understudied area. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cooled versus room-temperature irrigation on thermal energy dissipation on a temperature curve during calcaneal osteotomy using a Shannon burr. Methods: Ten cadaveric limbs (5 pairs) at room temperature (68 0F) were randomized to receive either cooled saline or room temperature irrigation during MIS calcaneal osteotomy. Two thermocouple probes (EL-USB-TC-LCD, Lascar Electronics) were inserted 5mm away from the plane of the osteotomy, on proximal and distal sides respectively (Fig. 1). The probes were inserted to a depth of 2cm. A 3 x 30mm Shannon burr was used to perform the osteotomy. The burr was run continuously under continuous irrigation using either room temperature (680F) and chilled (370F) irrigation, until the osteotomy was completed. All osteotomies were performed in approximately 60 seconds. Temperature was recorded at 15sec, 30sec, 45 sec and 60 sec for the two groups and used as a measure of thermal energy generation. Results: Both room temperature and chilled irrigation were effective in minimizing temperature change. On the proximal side, an overall mean increase of 2.60F (70.60F) with room temperature irrigation and a mean increase of 0.70F (68.70F) with chilled irrigation were observed at the 60 sec interval (p=0.09). On the distal side both irrigation methods were more effective in heat control (70.20F vs 67.10F; p=0.17). Conclusion: For the duration of a MIS calcaneal osteotomy, both continuous room temperature and chilled irrigation can reduce thermal energy generation. Use of chilled irrigation can be considered for osteotomies of denser bone that may take longer to perform and generate higher temperatures.
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- 2022
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11. The Effect of Chilled vs Room-Temperature Irrigation on Thermal Energy Dissipation During Minimally Invasive Calcaneal Osteotomy of Cadaver Specimens
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Sudheer C. Reddy MD, Oliver N. Schipper MD, and Jihui Li PhD
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Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Background: Minimally invasive (MIS) calcaneal osteotomy has grown in popularity in recent years to address hindfoot deformity. A potential complication is thermal bone necrosis secondary to heat generation from the burr that may lead to osteotomy nonunion. Irrigation is commonly employed to reduce this risk. The effect of irrigation on reducing heat accumulation remains an understudied area. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cooled vs room-temperature irrigation on thermal energy dissipation during calcaneal osteotomy using a Shannon burr. Methods: Fourteen cadaveric limbs at room temperature (68 °F) were randomized to receive either cooled saline (7 limbs) or room-temperature (7 limbs) irrigation during MIS calcaneal osteotomy. Two thermocouple probes were inserted 5 mm away from the plane of the osteotomy, on the proximal and distal sides, respectively. A 3 × 30-mm Shannon burr was used to perform the osteotomy. The burr was run continuously with continuous irrigation using either room-temperature (68 °F) or chilled (37 °F) irrigation, until the osteotomy was completed. Temperature was recorded at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 seconds for the 2 groups and used as a measure of thermal energy accumulation. Results: Both room-temperature and chilled irrigation were effective in minimizing temperature change. On the proximal side, an overall mean increase of 2.5 °F with room-temperature irrigation and a mean decrease of 1.0 °F with chilled irrigation were observed at the 60-second interval ( P = .004). On the distal side, there was a mean increase of 1.3 °F with room-temperature irrigation and a mean increase of 0.5 °F with chilled irrigation ( P = .05). Conclusion: For the duration of an MIS calcaneal osteotomy, both continuous room-temperature and chilled irrigation can minimize temperature increases and potentially reduce the risk of an osteotomy nonunion. Clinical Relevance: Both room-temperature and chilled irrigation can minimize bone temperature increases during MIS calcaneal osteotomy.
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- 2022
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12. Regional Anesthesia for Lumbar Spine Surgery: Can It Be a Standard in the Future?
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Jae-Koo Lee, Jong Hwa Park, Seung-Jae Hyun, Daniel Hodel, and Oliver N. Hausmann
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regional anesthesia ,spinal anesthesia ,epidural anesthesia ,lumbar spine ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
This paper is an overview of various features of regional anesthesia (RA) and aims to introduce spine surgeons unfamiliar with RA. RA is commonly used for procedures that involve the lower extremities, perineum, pelvic girdle, or lower abdomen. However, general anesthesia (GA) is preferred and most commonly used for lumbar spine surgery. Spinal anesthesia (SA) and epidural anesthesia (EA) are the most commonly used RA methods, and a combined method of SA and EA (CSE). Compared to GA, RA offers numerous benefits including reduced intraoperative blood loss, arterial and venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, perioperative cardiac ischemic incidents, renal failure, hypoxic episodes in the postanesthetic care unit, postoperative morbidity and mortality, and decreased incidence of cognitive dysfunction. In spine surgery, RA is associated with lower pain scores, postoperative nausea and vomiting, positioning injuries, shorter anesthesia time, and higher patient satisfaction. Currently, RA is mostly used in short lumbar spine surgeries. However, recent findings illustrate the possibility of applying RA in spinal tumors and spinal fusion. Various researches reveal that SA is an effective alternative to GA with lower minor complications incidence. Comprehensive insight on RA will promote spine surgery under RA, thereby broadening the horizon of spine surgery under RA.
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- 2021
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13. Scientific Literature Database Coverage of Randomized Clinical Trials for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
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Lars C. Boberg-Ans, Oliver N. Klefter, Marie L. R. Rasmussen, Elon H. C. van Dijk, and Yousif Subhi
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central serous chorioretinopathy ,randomized clinical trials ,indexing ,biomedical literature database ,evidence synthesis methodology ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Systematic literature searches are the cornerstone of systematic reviews. In this study, we evaluated database coverage of randomized clinical trials for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: We searched 12 databases (BIOSIS Previews, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central, Current Contents Connect, Data Citation Index, Derwent Innovations Index, EMBASE, KCI-Korean Journal Database, MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO Citation Index, and Web of Science Core Collection) on 10 April 2023 for randomized clinical trials for CSC. After identifying all eligible studies across all databases, we investigated the coverage of these studies within each database, including the coverage of any combination of two databases. Results: The 12 databases yielded 848 records for screening, of which 76 were randomized clinical trials for CSC. No single database provided full coverage. The most comprehensive coverage was provided by EMBASE (88%), the Cochrane Central (87%), and PubMed (75%). A combined search in the Cochrane Central and PubMed led to complete coverage (100%) while reducing the number of records for screening from 848 to 279. Conclusions: Systematic review search design should include multiple databases. For randomized clinical trials for CSC, the combination of the Cochrane Central and PubMed provides an excellent balance between coverage and workload.
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- 2023
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14. Is Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Necessary for the Initial Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis?
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Michael S. Hansen, Oliver N. Klefter, Lene Terslev, Mads R. Jensen, Jane M. Brittain, Uffe M. Døhn, Carsten Faber, Steffen Heegaard, Anne K. Wiencke, Yousif Subhi, and Steffen Hamann
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giant cell arteritis ,biomarkers ,C-reactive protein ,platelet count ,erythrocyte sedimentation rate ,diagnostic test accuracy ,Science - Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an ophthalmological emergency that can be difficult to diagnose and prompt treatment is vital. We investigated the sequential diagnostic value for patients with suspected GCA using three biochemical measures as they arrive to the clinician: first, platelet count, then C-reactive protein (CRP), and lastly, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). This retrospective cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with suspected GCA investigated platelet count, CRP, and ESR using diagnostic test accuracy statistics and odds ratios (ORs) in a sequential fashion. The diagnosis was established by experts at follow-up, considering clinical findings and tests including temporal artery biopsy. A total of 94 patients were included, of which 37 (40%) were diagnosed with GCA. Compared with those without GCA, patients with GCA had a higher platelet count (p < 0.001), CRP (p < 0.001), and ESR (p < 0.001). Platelet count demonstrated a low sensitivity (38%) and high specificity (88%); CRP, a high sensitivity (86%) and low specificity (56%); routine ESR, a high sensitivity (89%) and low specificity (47%); and age-adjusted ESR, a moderate sensitivity (65%) and moderate specificity (65%). Sequential analysis revealed that ESR did not provide additional value in evaluating risk of GCA. Initial biochemical evaluation can be based on platelet count and CRP, without waiting for ESR, which allows faster initial decision-making in GCA.
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- 2023
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15. Complete mitochondrial genome of the Caribbean reef shark, Carcharhinus perezi (Carcharhinformes: Carcharhinidae)
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Austin J. Gallagher, Oliver N. Shipley, Bo Reese, and Vijender Singh
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shark ,bahamas ,reef shark ,carcharhinus perezi ,mitochondrial genome ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
The Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi; Poey, 1876) is a medium to large-bodied coastal and reef-associated predator found throughout the subtropical and tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, although its populations are increasingly threatened by overfishing. We describe the first mitochondrial genome sequence for this species, using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of an individual from The Bahamas. We report the mitogenome sequence of the Caribbean reef shark to be 16,709 bp and composed two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 non-coding regions; the D-loop control region and the origin of light-strand replication. We discuss the implications of this new information on future monitoring efforts and conservation measures such as marine protected areas, and urge for greater application of mitochondrial studies of sharks in the Atlantic Ocean.
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- 2021
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16. SuRVoS 2: Accelerating Annotation and Segmentation for Large Volumetric Bioimage Workflows Across Modalities and Scales
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Avery Pennington, Oliver N. F. King, Win Min Tun, Elaine M. L. Ho, Imanol Luengo, Michele C. Darrow, and Mark Basham
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segmentation (image processing) ,annotation ,U-net ,volume electron microscopy (vEM) ,X-ray microscopy imaging ,open source software ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
As sample preparation and imaging techniques have expanded and improved to include a variety of options for larger sized and numbers of samples, the bottleneck in volumetric imaging is now data analysis. Annotation and segmentation are both common, yet difficult, data analysis tasks which are required to bring meaning to the volumetric data. The SuRVoS application has been updated and redesigned to provide access to both manual and machine learning-based segmentation and annotation techniques, including support for crowd sourced data. Combining adjacent, similar voxels (supervoxels) provides a mechanism for speeding up segmentation both in the painting of annotation and by training a segmentation model on a small amount of annotation. The support for layers allows multiple datasets to be viewed and annotated together which, for example, enables the use of correlative data (e.g. crowd-sourced annotations or secondary imaging techniques) to guide segmentation. The ability to work with larger data on high-performance servers with GPUs has been added through a client-server architecture and the Pytorch-based image processing and segmentation server is flexible and extensible, and allows the implementation of deep learning-based segmentation modules. The client side has been built around Napari allowing integration of SuRVoS into an ecosystem for open-source image analysis while the server side has been built with cloud computing and extensibility through plugins in mind. Together these improvements to SuRVoS provide a platform for accelerating the annotation and segmentation of volumetric and correlative imaging data across modalities and scales.
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- 2022
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17. Insights into the Thermal Performance of Underground High Voltage Electricity Transmission Lines through Thermo-Hydraulic Modelling
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Kui Liu, Renato Zagorščak, Richard J. Sandford, Oliver N. Cwikowski, Alexander Yanushkevich, and Hywel R. Thomas
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flexible numerical framework ,underground buried cables ,porous medium ,coupled thermo-hydraulic model ,thermal behaviour ,Technology - Abstract
In this paper, a flexible numerical framework to provide thermal performance assessment for the underground buried cables, considering different geological and meteorological conditions, has been presented. Underground cables tend to retain the heat produced in the conductor, so complex coupled thermo-hydraulic response of the porous medium surrounding the cables needs to be assessed to prevent cable overheating and the associated reduction in cable capacity for carrying current. Applying a coupled thermo-hydraulic model within the developed numerical framework to conduct a health assessment on a subset of National Grid Electricity Transmission’s underground cables, this study provides novel insights into the thermal behaviour of buried circuits. The results indicate that backfill and surrounding native soil have the dominant effect on the thermal behaviour of cables, while the amount of precipitation and ambient temperature were found to have less impact on cable’s thermal behaviour. The findings strongly infer that the nature of the overloading which is undertaken in practice would have no ongoing negative impact, suggesting that more frequent or longer duration overloading regimes could be tolerated. Overall, this study demonstrates how the developed numerical framework could be harnessed to allow safe rating adjustments of buried transmission circuits.
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- 2022
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18. Online citizen science with the Zooniverse for analysis of biological volumetric data
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Smith, Patricia, King, Oliver N. F., Pennington, Avery, Tun, Win, Basham, Mark, Jones, Martin L., Collinson, Lucy M., Darrow, Michele C., and Spiers, Helen
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- 2023
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19. Why estimands are needed to define treatment effects in clinical trials
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Keene, Oliver N., Lynggaard, Helle, Englert, Stefan, Lanius, Vivian, and Wright, David
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- 2023
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20. Opportunistic camera surveys provide insight into discrete foraging behaviours in nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum)
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Parton, Kristian J., Doherty, Philip D., Parrish, Mark, Shearer, Philip, Myrick, Keith, Shipley, Oliver N., and Gallagher, Austin J.
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- 2023
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21. How Do the Functions That School Business Officials Perform Affect Teaching and Learning, and Do School Business Officials Take These Effects into Account in Performing Their Work
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Oliver N. Blaise
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the work that school business leaders perform in four different school districts in New York State, and to find what the impact of this work is on instruction. The research is titled, "How Do the Functions That School Business Officials Perform Affect Teaching and Learning, and Do School Business Officials Take These Effects Into Account in Performing Their Work? The method of study is a comparative case study. It requires that the researcher collect data by reviewing documents of the school districts, interviewing district personnel, and by observation of the district's practices and surroundings. Data gathered by using these three processes, looks for trends that can be evidenced by using the process of triangulation. This is a standard practice when using case study methodology, and seeks to use three pieces of evidence to provide credibility for the findings. The research looks to determine if the functions performed by the school business official impact learning, and if so, in what way. Does the school business official perform their work with the intention of maximizing their impact on teaching and learning? The conclusions of this study reveal that little study has occurred on this topic, that most people do not know what the school business official does, that there are 5 areas of responsibility under the business official that do have an impact on learning, and that the school business officials studied do not often approach their work with the intention of impacting learning. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
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- 2022
22. Energetic consequences of resource use diversity in a marine carnivore
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Shipley, Oliver N., Manlick, Philip J., Newton, Alisa L., Matich, Philip, Camhi, Merry, Cerrato, Robert M., Frisk, Michael G., Henkes, Gregory A., LaBelle, Jake S., Nye, Janet A., Walters, Hans, Newsome, Seth D., and Olin, Jill A.
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- 2022
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23. Are stable isotope ratios suitable for describing niche partitioning and individual specialization?
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Matich, Philip, Bizzarro, Joseph J., and Shipley, Oliver N.
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- 2021
24. Bulk and amino acid nitrogen isotopes suggest shifting nitrogen balance of pregnant sharks across gestation
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Shipley, Oliver N., Olin, Jill A., Whiteman, John P., Bethea, Dana M., and Newsome, Seth D.
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- 2022
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25. Tiger sharks support the characterization of the world’s largest seagrass ecosystem
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Gallagher, Austin J., Brownscombe, Jacob W., Alsudairy, Nourah A., Casagrande, Andrew B., Fu, Chuancheng, Harding, Lucy, Harris, S. David, Hammerschlag, Neil, Howe, Wells, Huertas, Antonio Delgado, Kattan, Sami, Kough, Andrew S., Musgrove, Andre, Payne, Nicholas L., Phillips, Adrian, Shea, Brendan D., Shipley, Oliver N., Sumaila, U. Rashid, Hossain, Mohammad S., and Duarte, Carlos M.
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- 2022
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26. Multi-channel feeding by migratory sharks in a fluvial-dominated estuary
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Hamilton, Blake R., Shipley, Oliver N., and Grubbs, R. Dean
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- 2022
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27. Risk assessment for seafood consumers exposed to mercury and other trace elements in fish from Long Island, New York, USA
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Ye, Xiayan, Lee, Cheng-Shiuan, Shipley, Oliver N., Frisk, Michael G., and Fisher, Nicholas S.
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- 2022
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28. Minimally Invasive Approaches to Haglund's Deformity and Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy: A Contemporary Review.
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Hall, SarahRose, Kaplan, Jonathan R. M., Schipper, Oliver N., Vulcano, Ettore, Johnson, A. Holly, Jackson, J. Benjamin, Aiyer, Amiethab A., and Gonzalez, Tyler A.
- Abstract
The article focuses on the increasing use and benefits of minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques for treating Haglund deformity (HD) and insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT).
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- 2024
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29. Topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for central serous chorioretinopathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis.
- Author
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Larsson, Janni M. E., Boberg‐Ans, Lars C., Vangsted, Andreas, van Dijk, Elon H. C., Grauslund, Jakob, Hajari, Javad N., Klefter, Oliver N., Schneider, Miklos, and Subhi, Yousif
- Subjects
ANTI-inflammatory agents ,NONSTEROIDAL anti-inflammatory agents ,VISUAL acuity ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,MACULAR degeneration - Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a prevalent exudative maculopathy and the ongoing verteporfin shortage restricts current treatment possibilities. Topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) have previously been proposed as a treatment for CSC, although its exact efficacy remains unclear. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we outlined the efficacy of topical NSAIDs for the treatment of CSC. We searched 11 literature databases on 13 December 2022, for any study describing topical NSAID treatment for CSC. Thirteen eligible studies were included with a total of 1001 eyes of 994 patients with CSC. Six studies were case reports, two were cohort studies and five were non‐randomized comparative studies. Where specified, topical NSAIDs used were bromfenac 0.09%, diclofenac 0.1%, ketorolac 0.4% and 0.5%, pranoprofen 0.1%, and nepafenac 0.1% and 0.3%. Studies were predominantly of cases with acute CSC and several case studies reported treatment outcomes simultaneously with discontinuation of corticosteroid use, which complicated treatment evaluation. Meta‐analyses of comparative studies revealed a statistically significant but clinically irrelevant best‐corrected visual acuity improvement of −0.04 logMAR (95% CI: −0.07 to −0.01 logMAR; p = 0.01) at 1‐month follow‐up, which became statistically insignificant at 3‐month follow‐up (−0.03 logMAR; 95% CI: −0.06 to 0.003 logMAR; p = 0.08). Further, we found no benefit in complete subretinal fluid resolution at 1‐month follow‐up (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.81–1.76; p = 0.37) or 3‐month follow‐up (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.59; p = 0.33). Taken together, available evidence does not support the use of topical NSAIDs for the treatment of CSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Pregnancy and contraception in women with Pre-Gestational diabetes in secondary Care– A questionnaire study
- Author
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Scott, R., Oliver, N, Thomas, M., and Agha-Jaffar, R.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Estimated life-history traits and movements of the Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi) in The Bahamas based on tag-recapture data
- Author
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Talwar, Brendan S., Bradley, Darcy, Berry, Christopher, Bond, Mark E., Bouyoucos, Ian A., Brooks, Annabelle M. L., Fields, Candace Y. A., Gallagher, Austin J., Guttridge, Tristan L., Guttridge, Annie E., Hammerschlag, Neil, Hamilton, Ian, Keller, Bryan A., Kessel, Steven T., Matich, Philip, O’Shea, Owen R., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Raguse, Cameron, Schneider, Eric V. C., Shipley, Oliver N., Smukall, Matthew J., van Zinnicq Bergmann, Maurits P. M., and Brooks, Edward J.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Novel behavioral observations and body scarring for the bluntnose sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseus) offer clues to reproductive patterns and potential mating events.
- Author
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Gallagher, Austin J., de Silva, Christine, Delaney, Denley, Harris, S. David, Phillips, Brennan T., Shipley, Oliver N., Sulikowski, James A., Duarte, Carlos M., and Giddens, Jonatha
- Subjects
SHARKS ,MARINE biodiversity ,SCARS ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,WHITE shark ,REPRODUCTION ,PREDATORY aquatic animals ,HYPERTROPHIC scars - Abstract
This article explores the reproductive behavior of bluntnose sixgill sharks in the deep sea. The researchers used remote deep-sea camera systems to observe the sharks and found evidence of mating scars on one female shark. However, they acknowledge that there could be other explanations for the scarring. The study emphasizes the need for further research on the reproductive habitats of deep-sea sharks and the importance of conservation efforts in these areas. Additionally, the article discusses the capture of a pregnant bluntnose sixgill shark in the Gulf of Tunis and highlights the importance of deep diving by large marine predators. It also emphasizes the need for diverse perspectives in deep-sea ocean field programs. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Selective Duplex Formation in Mixed Sequence Libraries of Synthetic Polymers.
- Author
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Dhiman, Mohit, Cons, Ronan, Evans, Oliver N., Smith, Joseph T., Anderson, Cecilia J., Cabot, Rafel, Soloviev, Daniil O., and Hunter, Christopher A.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Percutaneous vs Open Zadek Osteotomy for Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy and Haglund's Deformity: A Systematic Review.
- Author
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Bakaes, Yianni, Hall, SarahRose, Jackson III, J. Benjamin, Johnson, A. Holly, Schipper, Oliver N., Vulcano, Ettore, Kaplan, Jonathan R. M., and Gonzalez, Tyler A.
- Subjects
TREATMENT of foot abnormalities ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,ACHILLES tendinitis ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,MINIMALLY invasive procedures ,FOOT abnormalities ,OSTEOTOMY ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,MEDICAL databases ,ONLINE information services ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background: Percutaneous Zadek osteotomy (ZO) has emerged as a surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) over the last decade. Existing literature is limited regarding the comparison of this approach with the more established, open ZO technique. This systematic review aims to evaluate and compare the current data on open vs percutaneous ZO approaches to help set evidence-based guidelines. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using the keywords (Zadek osteotomy) OR (Keck and Kelly osteotomy) OR (dorsal closing wedge calcaneal osteotomy) OR (Haglund Deformity) OR (Haglund Syndrome) OR (Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy) and MeSH terms Osteotomy, Calcaneus, Syndrome, Insertional, Achilles tendon, and Tendinopathy. Our search included the following databases: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The PRISMA protocol and the Cochrane Handbook guidelines were followed. All studies included were published from 2009 to 2024 and included the use of open or percutaneous approaches of ZO for the treatment of IAT with at least a 12-month follow-up. The MINORS score criteria were used to evaluate the strength and quality of studies. Results: A total of 17 studies were reviewed, including 611 subjects and 625 ZO procedures. Of these procedures, 81 (11%) subjects had a percutaneous and 544 (89%) subjects had an open ZO. The mean follow-up time was 16.1 months for patients treated with percutaneous ZO and 36.1 months for patients treated with open ZO. Both open and percutaneous studies included in this review showed postoperative improvements in AOFAS, FFI, VISA-A, and VAS scores in patients with IAT. The reported complication rate was 5.8% among patients treated with percutaneous ZO and 10.2% among patients treated with open ZO. Conclusion: Percutaneous ZO is an emerging approach with substantially fewer documented cases compared with the open ZO. Both percutaneous and open ZO appear to be relatively effective treatments for insertional Achilles tendinopathy with Haglund's deformity. The lower complication rates reported for percutaneous ZO is encouraging. Further investigation with more subjects undergoing percutaneous ZO is clearly needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Depth Range Extension for the Misty Grouper Hyporthodus mystacinus Documented via Deep-Sea Landers throughout the Greater Caribbean.
- Author
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Aldridge, Shannon E., Dixon, Olivia F. L., de Silva, Christine, Kohler, Johanna K., Shipley, Oliver N., Phillips, Brennan T., Fernandes, Teresa F., Austin, Timothy, Ormond, Rupert F., Gore, Mauvis A., and Gallagher, Austin J.
- Subjects
GROUPERS ,MESOPELAGIC zone ,OCEAN mining - Abstract
Misty Groupers (Hyporthodus mystacinus) are one of the largest and most geographically widespread grouper species and one of the few grouper species known to occur at depths greater than 200 m. However, aspects of their basic biology, behavior, and ecology remain poorly understood, leaving significant gaps in our ability to evaluate their functional role throughout the vertical water column, as well as our understanding of their conservation needs in a changing ocean. Through in-situ video observation obtained using deep-sea landers in both The Bahamas and Cayman Islands over multiple years, we documented Misty Grouper occurrence up to 470 m depth in the mesopelagic zone. These observations provide a new depth range extension for the species and illuminate the potential importance of deep-water habitats for large grouper species in the wider Caribbean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Metal concentrations in coastal sharks from The Bahamas with a focus on the Caribbean Reef shark
- Author
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Shipley, Oliver N., Lee, Cheng-Shiuan, Fisher, Nicholas S., Sternlicht, James K., Kattan, Sami, Staaterman, Erica R., Hammerschlag, Neil, and Gallagher, Austin J.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Quantifying spatial variation in isotopic baselines reveals size-based feeding in a model estuarine predator: implications for trophic studies in dynamic ecotones
- Author
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Matich, Philip, Shipley, Oliver N., and Weideli, Ornella C.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Observations of biennial reproduction in Caribbean reef sharks 'Carcharhinus perezi'.
- Author
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Campbell, Beckah A., Shipley, Oliver N., Jones, Taeler R., Gallagher, Austin J., and Sulikowski, James A.
- Subjects
SEXUAL cycle ,PREDATORY aquatic animals ,WILDLIFE conservation ,ENDOCRINOLOGY of human reproduction ,ENDANGERED species ,SHARKS ,REPRODUCTION - Abstract
Effective management and conservation of threatened species biodiversity requires knowledge of reproductive biology, such as cyclicity, mode, and age at maturity. We combined reproductive endocrinology and in-situ ultrasonography to examine reproductive characteristics of female Caribbean reef sharks Carcharhinus perezi, a widely distributed, threatened marine predator which remains largely understudied throughout its range. Unique to this study was the opportunity to conduct longitudinal assessments of two individuals, recaptured across multiple seasons during sampling in The Bahamas. Within- individual, paired hormone analyses and in-situ ultrasounds of female sharks that were confirmed as either pregnant, non-pregnant, or reproductively active, suggest a biennial reproductive cycle for Carcharhinus perezi. This unique opportunity to assess the reproductive biology of the same individuals over time underscore the importance of repeated sampling for elucidating population reproductive cyclicity of highly mobile sharks in the wild. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Insights into the Relative Abundance, Life History, and Ecology of Oceanic Sharks in the Eastern Bahamas.
- Author
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Talwar, Brendan S., Brooks, Edward J., Abercrombie, Debra L., Anderson, Brenda, Bond, Mark E., Brooks, Annabelle M. L., Chapman, Demian D., Clementi, Gina M., Fields, Candace Y. A., Gelsleichter, Jim, Grubbs, R. Dean, Howey, Lucy A., Jordan, Lance K. B., Kiszka, Jeremy J., Knotek, Ryan J., Papastamatiou, Yannis P., Peterson, Cheston T., Schneider, Eric V. C., Shipley, Oliver N., and Williams, Sean
- Abstract
Fisheries-independent data on the diversity, relative abundance, and demographic structure of poorly studied, threatened oceanic sharks are absent from much of the western North Atlantic Ocean, where multiple oceanic shark species have experienced significant population declines. Resource-limited management approaches require the identification of critical habitats or aggregation sites worthy of protection and enforcement. Data were collected on oceanic sharks using pelagic longline surveys, targeted baiting, and opportunistic encounters in oligotrophic open-ocean habitats of north-eastern Exuma Sound (NES), The Bahamas. The oceanic epipelagic shark community was also characterized using targeted baiting off Columbus Point, Cat Island (CI), a seamount north of San Salvador (SSSM), and the northwestern tip of Mayaguana. Pelagic longline surveys suggested that the relative abundance of sharks at NES was low (shark catch-per-unit-effort: 0.0007 sharks hook
−1 h−1 ; 2.3 sharks per 1000 hooks). Silky sharks Carcharhinus falciformis, particularly juveniles (134 ± 39 cm stretched total length; mean ± SD STL), were the most common. Targeted baiting suggested oceanic whitetip sharks C. longimanus were abundant at CI, where large adults (245 ± 23 cm STL), most of which were females (83.8%, n = 98 of 117) that were gravid (65.7%; n = 46 of 70 assessed for pregnancy), dominated the aggregation. Many (20.5–26.5%, n = 24–31 of 117 depending on assumptions regarding tag loss) were recaptured or resighted at CI for up to five years. Silky sharks dominated catches at SSSM. Oceanic sharks, particularly adults, were sometimes caught or observed alongside short-finned pilot whales Globicephala macrorhynchus or tunas. Although The Bahamas offers threatened oceanic sharks refuge from fishing across its entire jurisdiction, these data suggest that some fixed features, including sites such as CI and potentially SSSM, are important aggregation sites with high regional conservation value and should be prioritized by fisheries managers and enforcement officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Emerging human–shark conflicts in the New York Bight: A call for expansive science and management.
- Author
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Shipley, Oliver N., Olin, Jill A., Scott, Christopher, Camhi, Merry, and Frisk, Michael G.
- Subjects
- *
SHARKS , *MANAGEMENT science , *PREDATION , *SOCIAL interaction - Abstract
Recent spikes in interactions between humans and sharks in the New York Bight have sparked widespread reporting of possible causalities, many of which lack empirical support. Here we comment on the current state of knowledge regarding shark biology and management in New York waters emphasizing that the possible drivers of increased human–shark interactions are confounded by a lack of historical monitoring data. We outline several key research avenues that should be considered to ensure the safe and sustainable coexistence of humans, sharks, and their prey, in an era of accelerated environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Prevalence of geographic atrophy in Nordic countries and number of patients potentially eligible for intravitreal complement inhibitor treatment: A systematic review with meta‐analyses and forecasting study.
- Author
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Vangsted, Andreas, Thinggaard, Benjamin S., Nissen, Anne H. K., Hajari, Javad N., Klefter, Oliver N., Krogh Nielsen, Marie, Sørensen, Torben L., Grauslund, Jakob, and Subhi, Yousif
- Subjects
COMPLEMENT inhibition ,ECULIZUMAB ,COMPLEMENT (Immunology) ,ATROPHY ,MACULAR degeneration ,FORECASTING - Abstract
We systematically reviewed the literature on the prevalence of geographic atrophy (GA) in Nordic populations, conducted meta‐analyses on age‐stratified estimates, and calculated current and future number of patients and those potentially eligible for intravitreal complement inhibitor treatment. We followed the PRISMA guidelines, and our protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Ten databases were searched on 22 April 2023 for population‐based studies of GA prevalence. Based on clinical descriptive analyses of GA and eligibility criteria of the phase III studies for intravitreal pegcetacoplan (complement C3 and C3b inhibitor), we were able to calculate the proportion of patients with GA potentially eligible for therapy. Finally, we extracted population data for Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) from Eurostat, applied prevalence statistics to the extracted census and forecasting data to estimate the number of patients with GA, and then applied the proportion eligible for intravitreal pegcetacoplan therapy. We identified six studies with a total of 10 159 individuals. Prevalence of GA was estimated to 0.4% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.2%–0.8%), 1.5% (95% CI: 0.7%–2.6%), and 7.6% (95% CI: 4.6%–11.3%) for individuals aged 60–69, 70–79, and 80+ years, respectively. In Nordic countries, we estimate a total of 166 307 individuals with GA in 2023, increasing to 277 893 in 2050. Of these, 90 803 individuals in 2023, increasing to 151 730 in 2050, are potentially eligible for intravitreal complement inhibitor treatment. Considering these large numbers, our study highlights the importance of this topic in the coming years and its potential to significantly impact our clinical practice, organization, and staffing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. DNA metabarcoding of cloacal swabs provides insight into diets of highly migratory sharks in the Mid‐Atlantic Bight.
- Author
-
Olin, Jill A., Urakawa, Hidetoshi, Frisk, Michael G., Newton, Alisa L., Manz, Maria, Fogg, Michael, McMullen, Colin, Crawford, Lisa, and Shipley, Oliver N.
- Subjects
CHONDRICHTHYES ,GENETIC barcoding ,SHARKS ,FORAGE fishes ,MIGRATORY animals - Abstract
The abundances of migratory shark species observed throughout the Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB) during productive summer months suggest that this region provides critical habitat and prey resources to these taxa. However, the principal prey assemblages sustaining migratory shark biomass in this region are poorly defined. We applied high‐throughput DNA metabarcoding to shark feces derived from cloacal swabs across nine species of Carcharhinid and Lamnid sharks to (1) quantify the contribution of broad taxa (e.g., invertebrates, fishes) supporting shark biomass during seasonal residency in the MAB and (2) determine whether the species displayed distinct dietary preference indicative of resource partitioning. DNA metabarcoding resulted in high taxonomic (species‐level) resolution of shark diets with actinopterygian and elasmobranch fishes as the dominant prey categories across the species. DNA metabarcoding identified several key prey groups consistent across shark taxa that are likely integral for sustaining their biomass in this region, including Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), and benthic elasmobranchs, including skates. Our results are consistent with previously published stomach content data for the shark species of similar size range in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, supporting the efficacy of cloacal swab DNA metabarcoding as a minimally invasive diet reconstruction technique. The high reliance of several shark species on Atlantic menhaden could imply wasp‐waist food‐web conditions during the summer months, whereby high abundances of forage fishes sustain a diverse suite of migratory sharks within a complex, seasonal food web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Generative artificial intelligence for increasing accessibility of patient information videos in ophthalmology
- Author
-
Eriksen, Nathalie S., Al-Bakri, Moug, Boysen, Kirstine B., Klefter, Oliver N., Schmidt, Diana C., Reinwaldt, Kirsten, Grauslund, Jakob, Holm, Lars M., and Subhi, Yousif
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Scientific Literature Database Coverage of Randomized Clinical Trials for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
- Author
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Subhi, Lars C. Boberg-Ans, Oliver N. Klefter, Marie L. R. Rasmussen, Elon H. C. van Dijk, and Yousif
- Subjects
central serous chorioretinopathy ,randomized clinical trials ,indexing ,biomedical literature database ,evidence synthesis methodology - Abstract
Background: Systematic literature searches are the cornerstone of systematic reviews. In this study, we evaluated database coverage of randomized clinical trials for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: We searched 12 databases (BIOSIS Previews, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central, Current Contents Connect, Data Citation Index, Derwent Innovations Index, EMBASE, KCI-Korean Journal Database, MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO Citation Index, and Web of Science Core Collection) on 10 April 2023 for randomized clinical trials for CSC. After identifying all eligible studies across all databases, we investigated the coverage of these studies within each database, including the coverage of any combination of two databases. Results: The 12 databases yielded 848 records for screening, of which 76 were randomized clinical trials for CSC. No single database provided full coverage. The most comprehensive coverage was provided by EMBASE (88%), the Cochrane Central (87%), and PubMed (75%). A combined search in the Cochrane Central and PubMed led to complete coverage (100%) while reducing the number of records for screening from 848 to 279. Conclusions: Systematic review search design should include multiple databases. For randomized clinical trials for CSC, the combination of the Cochrane Central and PubMed provides an excellent balance between coverage and workload.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Energy channelling, food chain length and body condition in a northern lake predator.
- Author
-
Shipley, Oliver N., McMeans, Bailey C., Besser, Alexi C., Bloomfield, Emma J., and Newsome, Seth D.
- Subjects
- *
FOOD chains , *LAKE trout , *ESSENTIAL amino acids , *SPRING , *NITROGEN isotopes , *LATITUDE , *CARBON isotopes - Abstract
Identifying potential links between food web structure and animal body condition is fundamental for predicting the long‐term persistence of populations under rapidly changing environments. Northern lakes, and the cold‐water adapted species that inhabit them, are particularly vulnerable to a warming climate.We explored relationships among body condition and energy channel use in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and seasonal variation in food‐chain length in the Lake of Two Rivers, Ontario, Canada. Bayesian mixing models using carbon isotope values (δ13C) of essential amino acids showed that individuals utilising multiple energy channels had higher gonad mass, suggesting that dietary diversity has reproductive fitness benefits.Amino acid nitrogen isotope (δ15N) analysis revealed seasonal variation in food chain length, with extension of the food web during winter and spring and truncation of the food web during summer. Although these findings illustrate increased omnivory of lake trout during summer, there was no clear evidence that seasonal changes in food chain length had an impact on trout condition.These findings provide new insight into potential relationships between food web structure, energy flow and consumer condition in freshwater ecosystems, thereby revealing potential responses of species to shifting ecosystem states under intensifying climate change at high latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Meta‐analysis and critical review of trophic discrimination factors (Δ13C and Δ15N): Importance of tissue, trophic level and diet source.
- Author
-
Stephens, Ryan B., Shipley, Oliver N., and Moll, Remington J.
- Subjects
- *
FOOD chains , *LITERATURE reviews , *DIET , *ECOLOGICAL assessment , *STABLE isotopes - Abstract
Robustly quantifying dietary resource use and trophic position using stable isotopes requires accurate trophic discrimination factors (TDF; Δ13C and Δ15N for carbon and nitrogen, respectively), defined as the isotopic difference between consumer and diet. Early TDF studies converged on values of around 1.0‰ for Δ13C and 3.4‰ for Δ15N but more recent work indicates that TDF values may be more nuanced, depending on taxa, tissues, trophic level and diets. Yet, the relative importance of these factors remains unclear.Focusing on vertebrates (birds, fish, herptiles and mammals), we conducted a literature review of 279 studies that estimated TDF values and used a Bayesian framework to determine how tissue type, trophic level and diet source influence variation in Δ13C and Δ15N. Additionally, we reviewed 358 trophic ecology studies to determine if studies accounted for these factors during their TDF selection process.For Δ13C, vertebrates showed consistent patterns among tissue types (likely influenced by amino acid composition) and between trophic levels and diet sources (likely a result of dietary protein content and metabolic routing). Comparatively, for Δ15N, vertebrates showed considerable variation among tissue types and trophic levels, likely due to differences in tissue synthesis and physiological capabilities. Overall, Δ13C ranged from −5.1‰ to 9.1‰ and Δ15N from −3.3‰ to 9.7‰, underscoring that 1.0‰ for Δ13C and 3.4‰ for Δ15N are not universally appropriate. Moreover, both Δ13C and Δ15N varied by more than 9‰ within a single species and tissue type, demonstrating that using TDF values from the same, or similar, species may not be appropriate if diet and trophic level are not considered.Despite the importance of diet source on TDF values, most trophic ecology studies did not account for it. Further, most fish studies relied on literature review values that failed to account for tissue type, trophic level and diet source. To aid ecologists in diet and trophic assessments of vertebrates, we used our meta‐analysis to model taxon‐specific TDF estimates (mean ± SD) for each tissue type, trophic level and diet source combination. These more refined TDF values should improve ecological assessments that use stable isotopes. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Use of amino acid isotope analysis to investigate capital versus income breeding strategies in migratory avian species.
- Author
-
Lübcker, Nico, Whiteman, John P., Shipley, Oliver N., Hobson, Keith A., and Newsome, Seth D.
- Subjects
AMINO acid analysis ,MIGRATORY animals ,STABLE isotope analysis ,WHITE-fronted goose ,CAPITAL allocation ,REPRODUCTION ,EGG yolk - Abstract
Income and capital breeding represent opposing ends of a continuum of reproductive strategies. Quantifying nutrient allocation to reproduction is challenging, but recent advances in compound‐specific stable isotope analysis hold promise for tracing the source of individual compounds allocated to reproduction.Here, we describe a novel approach of using measured carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of individual amino acids (AAs) in pectoral muscle of egg‐laying females and egg yolk as a useful tool to quantify the reliance on income versus capital breeding in migrating species. We used white‐fronted (Anser albifrons frontalis), lesser snow (A. caerulescens caerulescens) and black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) geese breeding in tundra ecosystems of northern Alaska as model organisms.All three species relied on mixed capital–income breeding strategies, but models based on AA isotope data estimated higher proportional contributions of endogenous resources to yolk synthesis compared to results based on bulk tissue isotope analyses.Tracing income versus capital nutrient allocation in migratory species at the compound level is a major advance from the current 'elemental' perspective obtained from bulk tissue stable isotope analyses. Our framework is applicable to all taxonomic groups, as long as there is a sufficient spatial or temporal isotopic gradient between resources obtained during the breeding and non‐breeding periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Percutaneous Zadek Osteotomy for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy and Haglund Deformity: A Technique Tip.
- Author
-
Kaplan, Jonathan R. M., Hall, SarahRose, Schipper, Oliver N., Vulcano, Ettore, Jackson III, J. Benjamin, and Gonzalez, Tyler
- Abstract
The article focuses on a technique for performing the percutaneous Zadek osteotomy to treat insertional Achilles tendinopathy and Haglund deformity. Topics discussed include the benefits of minimally invasive surgery over traditional open techniques, a step-by-step surgical method, postoperative care recommendations, and potential outcomes and complications associated with the procedure.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Comments on "Emerging insights and commentaries – MMRM vs LOCF by Naitee Ting".
- Author
-
Wright, David, Bratton, Daniel J., Drury, Thomas, Keene, Oliver N., Rehal, Sunita, and White, Ian R.
- Subjects
TREATMENT effectiveness ,PRAGMATICS ,PRODUCT elimination ,MISSING data (Statistics) - Abstract
The article discusses the use of MMRM (Mixed Model for Repeated Measures) and LOCF (Last Observation Carried Forward) analysis strategies in the context of the ICH E9 (R1) estimands framework. The authors express concerns about the justification and conclusions presented by Ting, who argues for the broad adoption of LO analysis. They argue that the choice of estimation methods should be driven by the choice of estimands, which should be based on clinical rationale. They also disagree with Ting's assertion that LO analysis is superior and emphasize the importance of considering the clinical context when selecting estimation methods. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Scientific Literature Database Coverage of Randomized Clinical Trials for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.
- Author
-
Boberg-Ans, Lars C., Klefter, Oliver N., Rasmussen, Marie L. R., van Dijk, Elon H. C., and Subhi, Yousif
- Subjects
- *
SCIENCE databases , *CLINICAL trials , *SCIENTIFIC literature , *DATABASES , *DATABASE searching , *MEDLINE - Abstract
Background: Systematic literature searches are the cornerstone of systematic reviews. In this study, we evaluated database coverage of randomized clinical trials for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: We searched 12 databases (BIOSIS Previews, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central, Current Contents Connect, Data Citation Index, Derwent Innovations Index, EMBASE, KCI-Korean Journal Database, MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO Citation Index, and Web of Science Core Collection) on 10 April 2023 for randomized clinical trials for CSC. After identifying all eligible studies across all databases, we investigated the coverage of these studies within each database, including the coverage of any combination of two databases. Results: The 12 databases yielded 848 records for screening, of which 76 were randomized clinical trials for CSC. No single database provided full coverage. The most comprehensive coverage was provided by EMBASE (88%), the Cochrane Central (87%), and PubMed (75%). A combined search in the Cochrane Central and PubMed led to complete coverage (100%) while reducing the number of records for screening from 848 to 279. Conclusions: Systematic review search design should include multiple databases. For randomized clinical trials for CSC, the combination of the Cochrane Central and PubMed provides an excellent balance between coverage and workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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