41 results on '"FRENCH Third Republic"'
Search Results
2. A Paradoxical Convergence: French Economists and the Policy toward Cartels from the 1870s to the Eve of the Great Depression.
- Author
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Spector, David
- Subjects
CARTELS ,INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) ,DEVELOPED countries ,FRENCH Third Republic ,INTERVENTION (Federal government) - Abstract
As in other industrialized countries, cartelization was widespread in France after the 1870s. Cartels, and the public policy toward them, were frequently addressed in the public debate. This article deals with the stance taken by French economists on this subject until the Great Depression. Although they were divided into several groups that were in sharp disagreement on most scientific and policy issues, French economists were almost united in their lack of support for anticartel policy. The liberal economists' opposition stemmed from their general hostility to government intervention. Unlike in the English-speaking world, where many economists otherwise critical of government gradually became supportive of antitrust after mounting evidence had revealed the scope of certain kinds of exclusionary behavior, the French liberal economists remained constant in their opposition. The more reform-minded university professors, as well as the sociologists- economists of the Durkheimian school, were unenthusiastic about policies meant to safeguard competition because they viewed "excessive" market competition as destabilizing and wasteful. Finally, the most prominent experts in industrial economics, who were employed by large companies or professional organizations, also advocated a hands-off approach, in accordance with their employers' preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. Reimagining Liberation: How Black Women Transformed Citizenship in the French Empire.
- Author
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Naudy, Jean-Baptiste
- Subjects
FRENCH colonies ,BLACK women ,WIDOWS ,CITIZENSHIP ,FRENCH Third Republic - Abstract
The article discusses Annette K. Joseph-Gabriel's book, "Reimagining Liberation: How Black Women Transformed Citizenship in the French Empire." It highlights the importance of the book in shedding light on the experiences and contributions of black anti-colonial female activists during a pivotal period in the anti-imperialist struggle. The article argues that recognizing and studying the stories of these women is crucial for a more comprehensive understanding of French history and the pursuit of true liberation. The full article can be accessed through the H-France website. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
4. TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN. EXAMPLES OF FREE AND UNFREE EDUCATION IN SLOVAKIA DURING THE PERIOD OF SOCIALISM.
- Author
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Canales, Antonio Fco.
- Subjects
HISTORY of education ,POLITICAL attitudes ,EDUCATION policy ,STATE power ,EDUCATION research ,FRENCH Third Republic ,RELIGIOUS education ,SOCIALISM ,LITERATURE reviews ,LONELINESS - Abstract
This article discusses a book titled "Two Sides of the Same Coin: Examples of Free and Unfree Education in Slovakia During the Period of Socialism." The book explores education in Slovakia under the communist regime, focusing on both unfree education and examples of free education. It highlights the struggle for freedom and the resistance against totalitarianism, particularly through the creation of islands of freedom. The book also examines the role of churches in resisting totalitarianism and discusses various aspects of education under the communist regime, including civic education, religious education, and the education of Roma children. While the book provides valuable insights into the Slovakian case, it is criticized for its narrow focus and lack of international context. Overall, it is considered a significant contribution to the literature on education under communism. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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5. Feminism's Empire.
- Author
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Pedersen, Jean Elisabeth
- Subjects
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ANARCHISM , *FEMINISM , *STATE power , *HISTORY of feminism , *AFRICAN Americans , *FRENCH Third Republic , *IMPERIALISM - Abstract
Carolyn J. Eichner's book, "Feminism's Empire," is a significant contribution to the fields of French history, the history of feminism, and the history of imperialism and anti-imperialism. The book focuses on the relationships between nineteenth-century French feminists and the French empire. Eichner examines the lives and work of five pioneering French feminists who addressed empire in their writings and speeches, while also exploring the ways in which they participated in certain forms of imperialist stereotyping. The book offers new insights into the intersections of feminism, imperialism, and race, and is recommended for researchers interested in French history, feminism, and imperialism. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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6. Anarchisms and the short story in fin-de-siècle France, 1871-1901
- Author
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Stefiuk, Eleanor and White, Claire
- Subjects
Anarchism ,Auguste Villiers de L'Isle-Adam ,Contes ,French Third Republic ,Jean Grave ,Louise Michel ,Nineteenth-Century French Literature ,Octave Mirbeau ,Paris Commune ,Propaganda ,Short Story - Abstract
This thesis explores the relationship between the short story and anarchism at the end of the nineteenth century. In doing so it interrogates the tendency in existing scholarship on anarchism and literature during this period to rely on analogies between literature and the bomb. This is partly due to a lingering association of anarchism with the 1892-94 period of terrorist attacks. I seek to nuance this critical position in three chapters featuring little-discussed short stories by Auguste Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, Octave Mirbeau, and Jean Grave and Louise Michel. Whilst it is true that contemporary writers employed metaphors of the bomb, it was not always simply as a destructive and terrorising force. Nor was it the only concept to inform literature's relationship to anarchism. Indeed, as my thesis explores, fin-de-siècle anarchism was a heterogenous and plural concept and therein lay much of its appeal to the period's artists and writers. I contend that the short story form offers a privileged lens through which to explore the anarchists' investment in intellectual emancipation and their vision of revolution and the future society. Jean Grave's newspaper (Le Révolté (1879-87), La Révolte (1887-94), Les Temps Nouveaux (1895-1914)) is a central thread through my discussion. The paper sought to reflect contemporary anarchist debates and its varied voices. Moreover, its literary supplement played a key role in bringing together cultural and political spheres in the anarchist community. It was through this newspaper that many workers, artists, and writers alike encountered anarchism. The authors I discuss in this thesis are no exception: all had a connection with this newspaper. In Chapter One, I focus on Villiers. Through close readings of two of his late short stories, I return to the Paris Commune as a key event for anarchism, considering anarchism's position in the event's legacy. In Chapter Two, I turn to Mirbeau and make the case that his short stories offer a print-based activism that is at once aesthetic and political. Finally, in Chapter Three, I discuss the children's stories of Michel and Grave. Here, I consider the importance of education for anarchism, namely as utopian process. Reflections on anarchist pedagogy inform my discussion of how these writers might resist the authoritarianism of their form and their claim to writerly authority, specifically through the fostering of critical reading strategies. My project concludes by drawing out a reflection on the divergences and convergences of anarchist and State practices of propaganda. This thesis offers insights into the works of non-canonical authors and obscure literary works as well as a contribution to studies on the relatively understudied form of the nineteenth-century short story.
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- 2022
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7. Venizelos: The Making of a Greek Statesman, 1864–1914 by Michael Llewellyn-Smith (review).
- Author
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Ploumidis, Spyridon G.
- Subjects
- *
STATESMEN , *FRENCH Third Republic , *WORLD War I , *GREEKS , *POLITICAL image , *CHARISMA , *OTTOMAN Empire ,GREEK history - Abstract
It becomes clear in Llewellyn-Smith's detailed account that Venizelos always had in mind the wider picture of Greece's position in the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean. As Llewellyn-Smith notes in the introduction (2-3), his special interest in Venizelos dates back to the late 1960s, when he wrote his widely cited study of Greece's military campaign and debacle in Asia Minor (1919-1922) ([1]). Sir Michael Llewellyn-Smith, a former British Ambassador in Athens, examines Venizelos's early years in Cretan politics, his entry onto the center stage of Greek politics, and his gradual development into a renowned statesman. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
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8. Clerical Child Sexual Abuse and the Culture Wars in France, 1891–1913.
- Author
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Verhoeven, Timothy
- Subjects
- *
CULTURE conflict , *FRENCH Third Republic , *CHILD sexual abuse , *PRIESTS , *WAR crimes , *SEX crimes , *POLITICAL corruption - Abstract
This article investigates clerical child sexual abuse in the first decades of the French Third Republic. Thanks in large part to the difficulty of accessing relevant archival records, we know very little about this crime or how it was investigated by judicial officials. This study addresses this gap by drawing on a rich and untapped collection of correspondence between local prosecutors and the Ministry of Justice in Paris. The files reveal the process for investigating and prosecuting abusive priests, as well as the reverberations within local communities. Though generated by the state rather than the church, they offer an insight as well into the response of ecclesiastical authorities. Finally, they shed light on the relationship between clerical crime and the culture wars pitting French republicans against Catholics, a conflict that was reaching a peak of intensity in this period. What emerges from this study is an appreciation of the personal toll and political impact of clerical sexual abuse, as well as a new perspective on the recent scandals which have engulfed the Catholic church in a range of nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. The Politics of Imperial Memory in France, 1850-1900.
- Author
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Carroll, Christina
- Subjects
FRENCH Third Republic ,COLONIES ,PRACTICAL politics ,POLITICAL science writing - Published
- 2023
10. The "Grévy Constitution" and the "de Gaulle Constitution": Two Directions for the Relocation of Presidential Power in the Constitutional History of France.
- Author
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JAKUBIAK, ŁUKASZ
- Subjects
EXECUTIVE power ,CONSTITUTIONAL history ,FRENCH history ,FRENCH Third Republic ,HEADS of state - Abstract
The paper deals with two different political interpretations of presidential power under the Third and Fifth French Republics, which clearly changed the position of the head of state in relation to the letter of constitutional acts that were in force at the time. Both of these interpretations were imposed by the presidents in office in the first years after the proper structures of the system of government had been established. The former (commonly known as the "Grévy Constitution") led to the weakening of presidential power, and the latter (described as the "de Gaulle Constitution") to its strengthening. Particular attention is thus paid to the formation of such particular unwritten norms of constitutional law in rationalized and non-rationalized parliamentary systems. In both cases, their basic feature turned out to be the ability to significantly modify the parliamentary system of government. In the last part of the paper, the stability and durability of the above-mentioned political interpretations of the aforementioned Constitutions are discussed. It is indicated that, in both cases, there were attempts to challenge these non-codified standards. Although the causes of such actions were different from each other, neither brought any meaningful success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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11. Atatürk: Entelektüel Biyografi.
- Author
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Koçoğlu, Tolga
- Subjects
- *
FRENCH Third Republic , *PERSONALITY cults , *ROLE models , *FEMININITY ,TURKISH history ,ISLAMIC countries - Abstract
"Atatürk: Entelektüel Biyografi" by M. Şükrü Hanioglu is a comprehensive intellectual biography of Atatürk, the founding leader of Turkey. The book aims to provide a historical perspective on Atatürk and challenge previous narratives about him. It explores the development of Atatürk's ideas and presents him as having a consistent outlook throughout his life. The author draws on primary sources and includes extensive footnotes and a detailed index. The book also discusses the influence of French secularism and positivism on Atatürk, as well as his selective readings of philosophers like Rousseau and Wells. The review of the biography highlights its comprehensive exploration of Atatürk's ideas and their historical context. However, it also notes some omissions and criticisms, such as the lack of discussion on the Armenian Genocide and the Kurdish population. Overall, the review suggests that the biography offers valuable insights into Atatürk's legacy but may be too lengthy for some readers. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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12. Political Dynasties in Defense of Democracy: The Case of France's 1940 Enabling Act.
- Author
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Lacroix, Jean, Méon, Pierre-Guillaume, and Oosterlinck, Kim
- Subjects
- *
FRENCH Third Republic , *INFORMATION-seeking behavior , *DEMOCRACY , *NAZI Germany, 1933-1945 - Abstract
The literature has pointed out the negative aspects of political dynasties. But can political dynasties help prevent autocratic reversals? We argue that political dynasties differ according to their ideological origin and that those whose founder was a defender of democratic ideals, for simplicity labeled "pro-democratic dynasties," show stronger support for democracy. We analyze the vote by the French parliament on 10 July 1940 of an enabling act that granted full power to Marshall Philippe Pétain, thereby ending the Third French Republic and aligning France with Nazi Germany. Using data collected from the biographies of parliamentarians and information on their voting behavior, we find that members of a pro-democratic dynasty were 9.6 to 15.1 percentage points more likely to oppose the act than other parliamentarians. We report evidence that socialization inside and outside parliament shaped the vote of parliamentarians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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13. Bruno Latour, when we were young.
- Author
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Boltanski, Luc
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGISTS ,SOCIAL science research ,PEASANTS ,FRENCH Third Republic ,RIGHT & left (Political science) ,SOCIAL status - Abstract
I believe it was Clemens Heller, then director of the MSH, who after meeting Latour had the idea of putting him together with Bourdieu, thinking they could productively collaborate on the terrain of sociology of science. But this naturally leads us to pursue the same operation and turn sociology itself into an object of study of sociology, which leads us to a sociology of sociology, i.e. following the same logic, to subject sociology to a critical analysis to establish what makes it social and what makes it truly scientific. But we did slowly drift, without realizing it, from science as it was understood a century earlier, a science inherited from Pierre-Simon Laplace, to something that was probably closer to a science in the making, as was also made clear at the same time by the work of Isabelle Stengers, who was to accompany Bruno's thinking until the end. The passing of Bruno Latour has elicited a flood of tributes in France. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
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14. Weimar/Wien and the IDEA(L) of a Social Science.
- Author
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ADAIR-TOTEFF, CHRISTOPHER
- Subjects
VETERANS ,WORLD War I ,FRENCH Third Republic ,CITY dwellers ,WEIMAR Republic, 1918-1933 ,YOUNG adults ,SOLIDARITY - Published
- 2023
15. Meister and Jupille: Lives and Afterlives of Pasteur's First Rabies Vaccine Patients, 1885–1940.
- Author
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Priest, Robert D.
- Subjects
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RABIES vaccines , *SALVATION , *FRENCH Third Republic - Abstract
In 1885 Louis Pasteur successfully treated two boys from different parts of rural France, Joseph Meister and Jean-Baptiste Jupille, with his experimental rabies vaccine. Arguing that the boys played an important role in shaping images of Pasteur and his vaccine in French culture, this article reconstructs their long relationships with the scientist and then traces their evolving cultural representations during the Third Republic up to 1940. Meister, a young child from Alsace who sought salvation in Paris, was particularly assimilable to nationalist narratives that Pasteur himself encouraged. Jupille, in fighting with a rabid dog to save young children from attack, could provide an exemplar of the selfless yet virile male adolescent whom late nineteenth-century authorities sought to produce. Both boys' stories produced associations that reflected favorably on Pasteur and the Pastorians, yet each also held an independent appeal at particular moments in modern French history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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16. Turning Gymnasts into Citizen-Soldiers: The Militarization of Physical Activities during the Third Republic in France (1870–1940).
- Author
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Pabion, Lionel
- Subjects
MILITARISM ,MILITARY administration ,PHYSICAL activity ,SOCIETIES ,GYMNASTICS ,FRENCH Third Republic - Abstract
This paper analyzes the development of the 'military preparation' movement during the Third Republic in France, which, in turn, gives an insight into sports development in France in comparison with its neighbouring countries. On the eve of the First World War, militarized physical activities were widespread in France. Gymnastics (USGF), shooting (USTF), and military preparation (USPMF) federations had more members than sports federations. The spread of training societies was linked to military and political issues, with the support of the republican government being a key explanation for the rise in the number of training societies. The latter aimed to prepare young men for military service and turn them into French citizens. Furthermore, gymnastics and shooting societies fulfilled a social function in providing leisure activities. The distinction between sports activities and militarized activities was not always clear. Recent studies have underlined that the growth of shooting and gymnastics societies has been underestimated, especially for the interwar period. Such associations were still numerous in the 1930s. For a long time, physical activities were oriented by military or political issues, and early sports policies were mostly designed to develop militarized activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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17. The Linguistic Terror in France according to Jean Paulhan and Jean-Paul Sartre.
- Author
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Doering, Jonathan
- Subjects
- *
ATTITUDES toward language , *CONSCIENCE , *KINSHIP , *LINGUISTICS , *SPANISH Civil War, 1936-1939 , *EYE contact , *FRENCH Third Republic - Published
- 2022
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18. Company Politics: Commerce, Scandal, and French Visions of Indian Empire in the Revolutionary Era: Cross, Elizabeth. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 312 pp., $55.00, ISBN 978-0197653753, Publication Date: June 2023.
- Author
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Mole, Gregory
- Subjects
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SCANDALS , *AMERICAN Revolutionary War, 1775-1783 , *FRENCH Third Republic - Abstract
"Company Politics: Commerce, Scandal, and French Visions of Indian Empire in the Revolutionary Era" by Elizabeth Cross explores the contested spaces of the Indian subcontinent and the French East India Company during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The French presence in India was marked by military setbacks, credit shortages, and public scandal, leading to a reputation for failure. However, the French also reimagined their history in India as one of benevolent colonialism, positioning themselves as a humane alternative to the British empire. The book delves into the ideological battles surrounding the French East India Company and its various agendas and interests, as well as the debates over its reconstitution and the challenges it faced in establishing a commercial presence in India. The author skillfully weaves together different perspectives and plotlines, making the book accessible and relevant to those interested in the political and economic effects of globalization and the complexities of imperial experiments. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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19. Decadent Feminism: Mentorship in Jane de La Vaudère's Les Demi-sexes (1897).
- Author
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CHRISTIANSEN, HOPE
- Subjects
MENTORING ,SEXUAL partners ,CAREER development ,GENDER ,FEMINISM ,DIVORCED women ,FRENCH Third Republic ,POPULAR fiction - Abstract
The article focuses on Jane de La Vaudère's novel "Les Demi-sexes" (1897) and its exploration of feminism through the mentorship relationship between Camille de Luzac and Nina Saurel. It reports that the novel delves into themes of women's freedom from motherhood and the exploration of sexuality, and it highlights the results of Nina's mentorship. It discusses how this representation of feminism in the novel differs from traditional feminist causes in the context of the French Third Republic.
- Published
- 2022
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20. The Boulanger Affair, or, Bonapartism Redux: Engels Comes to the Rescue.
- Author
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Nimtz, August
- Subjects
POLITICAL participation ,POLITICAL science ,CAMPAIGN funds ,COMMUNISM ,SOCIAL conflict ,SOCIALISM ,FRENCH Third Republic - Abstract
The article presents the discussion on writings on the phenomenon known as Bonapartism. Topics include purging the judges under the pretext of corruption and establishing a strong-fisted government and a mock parliament; and communists entertaining no illusions about the bourgeois republic, the defense of bourgeois democracy.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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21. "Who Wants To Go See France?".
- Author
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LE Ha Thu Oanh, Alicia
- Subjects
EXHIBITIONS ,FRENCH Third Republic - Abstract
The article explores the Vietnamese experience at the Paris Colonial Exposition in 1931, which aimed to promote the French Empire's colonial project. Vietnamese elites saw the event as an opportunity to showcase their significance and engagement within Indochinese society. However, their participation also perpetuated an Orientalizing perspective on their culture and history. The article focuses on Vietnamese performers and athletes who played a role in promoting Vietnamese culture at the Exposition. It also discusses the demands of the native elite for more representation and agency during the era of Franco-Vietnamese collaboration, as well as the role of Vietnamese-language press in advocating for governance reforms. The article concludes by reflecting on the complexities of postcolonial yearning and the exhibition in Hanoi that highlights Vietnamese participation in colonial expositions and their cultural achievements. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
22. TRUTH AND POLEMIC IN THE NOVEL: On the Literature and History of the Clerical Abuse of Minors.
- Author
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LAVENIA, VINCENZO
- Subjects
POLEMICS ,PROPAGANDA ,CHILD sexual abuse by clergy - Abstract
The essay explores the representation of the pedophile priest in the history of literature. This figure made its appearance in the late 19th century, thanks in particular to Octave Mirbeau and Émile Zola. For both authors, the sexual crimes were a demonstration of the damage produced by clericalism in the life of the French Third Republic and a phenomenon to be exploited polemically to strengthen the political struggle against the Catholic school and anti-Semitism. France, however, was not the only country where the phenomenon of clerical pedophilia was echoed in literature: the same happened in Spain and in Italy. The final part of the essay explains how the representation of this problem has changed since 1968, pointing out how in recent times the explosion of new scandals has inspired works devoted to clergy abuse, including a successful novel by Hanya Yanagihara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
23. Indian guinée cloth, West Africa, and the French colonial empire 1826–1925: Colonialism and imperialism as agents of globalization.
- Author
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Masaki, Toyomu
- Subjects
FRENCH colonies ,FRENCH Third Republic ,IMPERIALISM ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
This study focuses on the global trade of guinée cloth mainly produced in French India and exported to French West Africa from 1826 to 1925. The article first re-examines the guinée cloth and its role in the western Sahel. Second, it argues that the guinée produced in the French factories established in French India was costly but of poor quality. Consequently, a similar type of cloth made in Europe began replacing the guinée in the Senegalese market in the late nineteenth century. Therefore, the producers of the guinée in the French empire supported protective measures, although merchants and relevant governments did not always share this opinion. Furthermore, the unstable political climate of the early French Third Republic promoted frequent changes in the trade policy on guinée cloth. Consequently, in addition to the traditional route from Saint Louis, Senegal, the article demonstrates that the export of Indian guinée began through more protected routes in northern Africa and was then distributed within the wider region of West Africa. Even the Méline Tariff opened the guinée producers in French India to new markets. Through the guinée cloth trade, this study demonstrates how colonialism and imperialism could lead to globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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24. Struggle, Urban Appropriation, and Cities of the Future.
- Author
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Jensen, Jill
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC spaces , *URBANIZATION , *URBAN poor , *CITY dwellers , *SOCIAL conflict , *STRUGGLE , *FRENCH Third Republic - Abstract
Keywords: right to the city; urban appropriation; capitalism; identity; class struggle EN right to the city urban appropriation capitalism identity class struggle 697 702 6 04/12/22 20220501 NES 220501 Kohn, Margaret (2016). As a serious critique from the Left, rights within the liberal state are contradictory in that they seem to give to the people but reinforce a state's mechanism of domination. Kohn provides an excellent summary for this essay on struggle and appropriation in light its evaluation of "the public", of democracy and deliberation, and the strengths but also the shortcoming of rights' claims. "Lefebvre argued that the power to make urban spaces, which he viewed as the control points of modern capitalism", writes Herod, "must be wrested from capital and the state and located instead in the hands of the working-class people" (Herod, p. 197). [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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25. "Morts pour la France".
- Author
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Buller, Robin Margaret
- Subjects
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OTTOMAN Empire , *FRENCH Third Republic , *WORLD War I , *GROUP identity , *WAGE increases , *ANTISEMITISM , *INTERWAR Period (1918-1939) - Abstract
In interwar Paris, a community of Sephardi immigrants originally from the Ottoman Empire raised a monument paying tribute to Ottoman Jews who fought for France during World War I. Its construction, which spanned over a decade, underscored the evolution of Ottoman Sephardi immigrant collective identity, goals, and anxieties in France between the close of World War I and the eve of World War II. When the memorial was first proposed in 1919, it was seen as a means of emphasizing the Ottoman Sephardi immigrant sphere as separate from that of French Jewry and other Jewish immigrant groups in the country. However, when it was finally erected in June 1935, at a time of heightened xenophobia and antisemitism within France's borders, the monument had taken on new significance. No longer a statement of Sephardi difference, it became a message of Jewish unity, patriotism, and belonging to the French Third Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. A Student's Guide to Map Making: J. Parlier's 1905 and 1907 Cartographic Manuals.
- Author
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Olson, Kory
- Subjects
- *
FRENCH Third Republic , *SCHOOL children , *HISTORY of cartography , *DISCIPLINE of children - Abstract
In 1905, Jacques Parlier, a former artillery captain in the French army, published the first of two Méthode(s) de cartographie, cartes à main levée et de mémoire tracés rapides to teach French students how to draw maps. Parlier had become convinced of the centrality of geographical knowledge to French national security and interests. His manuals brought geographical and cartographical literacy to a generation of students in France. This paper examines those manuals, specifically in terms of how they were designed to present the cartographic craft to school-aged children, a new market for this discipline. Parlier's strategy involved simplifying continents and countries to appear as geometrical forms and going on to focus on their physical attributes, such as rivers, mountains and coasts, thus encouraging teachers to lecture less and students to draw more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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27. Decorative or didactic? Art à l'école and the ambivalent status of aesthetics and democracy in Belle Époque primary schools.
- Author
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Brion, Katherine
- Subjects
- *
AESTHETICS education , *DRAWING instruction , *PRIMARY education , *PRIMARY schools , *FRENCH Third Republic ,19TH century European civilization - Abstract
The Belle Époque quest for a modern beauty (an 'art nouveau') extended into France's system of free primary schooling, established in the 1880s by the Third Republic to educate the popular masses. Design reformers' belief in the underlying unity of the fine and applied arts, and their growing emphasis on the importance of individual initiative and creativity to the latter, suggested that integrating the right form of artistic education into public education, especially primary schools, would serve both economic and democratic ends. The quasi-official Société Nationale de l'Art à l'École (National Society for Art in School) was founded in 1907 to support this goal. An examination of its efforts nevertheless reveals that its distinction of didactic and aesthetic aims, as well as the parameters it imposed upon content and style, blunted their democratic, emancipatory potential in ways that echoed the broader limitations of the French expansion of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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28. Navigating the Fourth Republic: West African University Students between Metropolitan France and Dakar.
- Author
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Gamble, Harry
- Subjects
- *
FRENCH Third Republic , *HIGHER education , *WORLD War II , *CITIZENSHIP , *SPECIALISTS - Abstract
Through the end of the Third Republic, only tiny numbers of West African students managed to study at France's universities. Barriers to higher education began to fall after World War II, especially after African populations collectively gained citizenship. Higher education became a high-stakes policy area, as French officials and West African students and politicians vied to influence the parameters and possibilities of the postwar order. Amid escalating concerns about West African student migrations to the metropole, French officials eventually opened an Institute of Higher Studies in Dakar. However, this inchoate institution ended up highlighting the fundamental ambiguities of overseas citizenship. As West African students turned increasingly to anti-colonial activism, French authorities finally committed to establishing a full university in Dakar. Paradoxically, the construction and consolidation of this French university took place during the period of active decolonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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29. "Almost as it is Formulated in the So-Called 'Homestead Act'": Images of the American West in French Settlement of French Algeria.
- Author
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Roberts, Timothy
- Subjects
- *
FRENCH Third Republic , *SELF-reliant living , *FRONTIER & pioneer life , *LAND tenure , *NINETEENTH century , *REPUBLICANS ,FRENCH Algeria - Abstract
Nineteenth-century American expansion has been shown as a type of Anglo-American "settler revolution," but the United States was also connected with France in France's ideas for the imperial development of Algeria. The two countries alike were ambitious empires, their leaders committed to expansion as a means of political and economic regeneration. More than this, the French empire "borrowed" images from its republican cousin to help incorporate Algeria. Writers during the July Monarchy saw American Indians' decline as a forerunner to white settlement's consequences in North Africa, although they rationalized how Algerians might be treated more benevolently. Napoléon III vowed to prevent an American analogue by setting aside Arab tribal land. Liberal reformers during the early Third Republic, however, called for assimilation of Algerians through land privatization, hailing the U.S. Homestead Act for how it could facilitate egalitarian, private land ownership, and thus help establish what Michel Chevalier had earlier imagined as the French "West." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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30. The Elites of Solidarity: Prosopography of Delegates for the First National Congress of Solidarity.
- Author
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Osęka, Piotr
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL cohesion , *SOLIDARITY , *ELITE (Social sciences) , *ORAL history , *SOCIAL history , *FRENCH Third Republic , *EDUCATIONAL background - Abstract
The article aims at contributing to the social history of the Solidarity movement by tracing the collective biography of its elected representatives. It will focus on the life trajectories of the 900 delegates to the First National Congress of Delegates. The convention, held in Autumn 1981, is commonly perceived as a focal moment in the history of Solidarity and plays a crucial role in almost every academic narrative on the anti-communist opposition. Often seen as a first genuine Polish parliament since pre-war times, its main task was to forge the political and economic programme thus furthering the revolution. The projected research will draw on genuine methodology, combining prosopographical and oral history approach. The research will address mainly the following issues: what social strata the elites came from, what was their cultural and educational background, what motives/causes/expectations drove them to engage with Solidarity, to what generations did they belong, how did they embrace the character of political transformation of 1989, and to what extent and how did they get involved in the political, economic, and social life of post-communist Poland. In general, the paper seeks to shed a new light on our understanding of Solidarity's social roots—for instead examining to what extent the contesting, revolutionary elites were a product of the Stalinist social advancement. It also tries to depict the level of continuity between the elites of 1981 and post-1989—thus testing the common theories whether the Third Republic is (or is not) rooted in the legacy of Solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Mapping the Third Republic: A Geographic Information System of France (1870–1940).
- Author
-
Gay, Victor
- Subjects
- *
GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *FRENCH Third Republic - Abstract
This article describes a comprehensive geographic information system of Third Republic France: the TRF-GIS. It provides annual nomenclatures and shapefiles of administrative constituencies of metropolitan France from 1870 to 1940, encompassing general administrative constituencies (départements, arrondissements, cantons) as well as the most significant special administrative constituencies: military, judicial and penitentiary, electoral, academic, labor inspection, and ecclesiastical constituencies. It further proposes annual nomenclatures at the contemporaneous commune level that map each municipality into its corresponding administrative framework along with its population count. The 901 nomenclatures, 830 shapefiles, and complete reproduction material of the TRF-GIS are available at . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Managing Ethnic Minorities with State Non-Repression in Interwar Poland.
- Author
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Fedorowycz, Daniel
- Subjects
- *
MINORITIES , *ELECTIONS , *PROPAGANDA , *INTERWAR Period (1918-1939) , *POLITICAL persecution , *ETHNIC groups , *DIASPORA , *FRENCH Third Republic - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Learning to Eat French.
- Author
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WESTBROOK, JOHN
- Subjects
- *
FRENCH cooking , *TEXTBOOKS , *PRIMARY education , *FRENCH Third Republic , *FOOD studies (Education) - Abstract
Ferguson's Accounting for Taste reveals a gap in our understanding: How did French culinary discourse move beyond the bourgeois sphere in which it emerged in the nineteenth century? Picking up on her comparison of the Proustian synthesis of regional and national culinary culture in the Recherche to the project of national identity creation in the Third Republic's best-selling textbook, Le Tour de la France par deux enfants, this essay argues that the culinary model Ferguson describes was in fact widely disseminated through mass primary education under the Third Republic. Examining an overlooked corpus of primary school readers and textbooks, I show that food and cooking provided object lessons imparting practical and scientific knowledge to enlighten the masses, and textbooks canonized regional specialties as part of a new national geographic consciousness. At the same time, I underscore the limits of this consensual image of a national culinary culture, which collided with the class habits and horizons of the urban and rural masses attending l'école républicaine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The Portrait and the Colonial Imaginary. Photography between France and Africa, 1900–1939.
- Author
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Bharathi Larsson, Åsa
- Subjects
ART patronage ,PHOTOGRAPHY ,FRENCH Third Republic - Abstract
Dell discusses the connections of portraiture, practices of looking and the re-making of men. Dell explores how the portraiture functioned in the colonial project. Dell asserts that Gide was ambivalent in his approach to French colonialism and that his work displays the many contradictions he had towards it. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Pursuing the Meaning of Equality and Liberty (With AI Assistance).
- Author
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Beng, Dato' Dr. Ooi Kee
- Subjects
- *
HAPPINESS , *EQUALITY , *LIBERTY , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *FRENCH Third Republic - Abstract
The article explores the concepts of equality, liberty, and fraternity, which were popularized during the French Revolution. It discusses the meanings and implications of these terms, particularly focusing on the idea of equality. The author uses an AI assistant, ChatGPT, to delve into the definitions of equality and fairness, highlighting the importance of equal access to resources and opportunities, as well as fair treatment considering individual differences and needs. The article also references Thomas Jefferson's words in the American Declaration of Independence, emphasizing the pursuit of happiness as a fundamental human right. Ultimately, the article suggests that both liberty and equality are necessary for individuals to pursue happiness, and that a society built on the values of fraternity is essential for sustainable progress. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
36. Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition.
- Author
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ROGERS, TRISTAN J.
- Subjects
- *
CONSERVATISM , *FRENCH Third Republic - Published
- 2022
37. Bergson, Servant of Colonialism: Education and Empire in North Africa under the French Third Republic
- Author
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Larry S. McGrath
- Subjects
Algérie ,colonialism ,education ,troisième république ,Algeria ,French third republic ,éducation ,Bergson ,colonialisme - Abstract
How should we make sense of Henri Bergson’s praise of French colonialism? In this chapter, I examine his 1923 book review in which he claimed that the remedy to Muslim “indolence” was found in European civilization’s energy, effort, and action. Bergson drew not only on his own philosophy to justify the French imperial mission in North Africa. What he described as a “philosophy of colonialism” also took shape in the wider educational context of the French Third Republic. Using school manuals and unpublished letters, I show how Bergson’s early career as a civil servant was spent teaching a curriculum that mobilized the human sciences to rationalize French colonialism. Comment comprendre l'éloge du colonialisme français par Henri Bergson ? Dans ce chapitre, j'examine sa critique de livre de 1923 dans laquelle il affirme que le remède à l'« indolence » des musulmans se trouve dans l'énergie, l'effort et l'action de la civilisation européenne. Bergson n'a pas seulement puisé dans sa propre philosophie pour justifier la mission impériale française en Afrique du Nord. Ce qu'il a décrit comme une « philosophie du colonialisme » a également pris forme dans le contexte éducatif plus large de la Troisième République française. À l'aide de manuels scolaires et de lettres inédites, je montre comment Bergson, au début de sa carrière de fonctionnaire, a enseigné un programme qui mobilisait les sciences humaines pour rationaliser le colonialisme français.
- Published
- 2022
38. Saint-Saëns and the Stage: Operas, Plays, Pageants, a Ballet, and a Film.
- Author
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Walker, Jennifer
- Subjects
OPERA ,PAGEANTS ,EXHIBITIONS ,FRENCH Third Republic ,BALLET ,MUSICAL composition - Abstract
Biographers and critics have focused their attention elsewhere, likely due to the relative obscurity in which Saint-Saëns's operas hide, for as Macdonald writes, "there is no living tradition to judge them by" (p. xi). Saint-Saëns himself was a critic; Macdonald frequently uses the composer's own words to bolster his claims that Saint-Saëns was the victim of unjust critical bias. Though Guiraud's contribution was that of a "thoroughly professional composer", in Macdonald's estimation, it was merely "good enough at least for Saint-Saëns to attach his name to it" (p. 254). Saint-Saëns's seemingly Janus-faced career left even contemporary critics and composers grasping for a label that would best fit the composer's changing faces. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Paul Dukas: Legacies of a French Musician.
- Author
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Sauvey, Tadhg
- Subjects
MUSICIANS ,FRENCH Third Republic ,MUSICOLOGY ,STUDENT attitudes ,MUSICAL criticism - Abstract
In his chapter on Dukas's composition class at the Paris Conservatoire, Christopher Brent Murray proposes to bring administrative records to bear on an understanding of Dukas the teacher hitherto gleaned from student testimonials. Fittingly enough, Laura Watson leads off, with a chapter on Dukas's criticism that works in the interstices of I Paul Dukas: Composer and Critic i . With the arrival a few days later of co-editor Laura Watson's I Paul Dukas: Composer and Critic i , one is tempted to agree with the front matter of the book at hand that a "neglected" composer is finally getting the attention he deserves. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Electric News in Colonial Algeria: Arthur Asseraf. , 2019 Oxford, Oxford University Press. 256 pp ISBN: 9780198844044 £65 (Hbk).
- Author
-
Pettitt, Clare
- Subjects
- *
FRENCH Third Republic , *TELEGRAPH & telegraphy , *POSTCOLONIALISM , *WORLD War I ,FRENCH Algeria ,FRENCH colonies - Abstract
But there were other Algerians who devoured the news: politically active Muslims in the 1950s lead-up to the liberation war in Algeria, for example, would read the French newspaper I Le Monde i , which was flown into Algeria daily, for their own ends. Much of the book is, perhaps inevitably, in conversation with Benedict Anderson's famous model of the newspaper and the nation in I Imagined Communities i (although Anderson is also interested in novels, and Asseraf is not). As Asseraf says, the ubiquity of this song, "opens up a whole world of social contacts between working-class Europeans, particularly Spaniards, and Muslim Algerians.". [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. In Memoriam: Ann Richardson Kenney, 1950-2022.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC librarians ,ACADEMIC libraries ,WOMEN'S suffrage ,MASTER'S degree ,FRENCH Third Republic ,INFORMATION services - Abstract
Kenney was the co-author of Women's Suffrage, SocialPolitics, and the French Third Republic (Princeton UniversityPress, 1984), Moving Theory into Practice: Digital Imaging forLibraries and Archives (Research Libraries Group, 2000),among others. Kenney first joined Cornell University Library in 1987 asassociate director in the department of preservation andconservation. Ann Kenney, a pioneer in the digitization of library archiveswho was university librarian at Cornell University in Ithaca,New York, from 2007 to 2017, died on February 5 at a hospicefacility in Ithaca. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
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