20,185 results
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2. The State of the Field of Computational Thinking in Early Childhood Education. OECD Education Working Papers. No. 274
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Bers, Marina Umaschi, Strawhacker, Amanda, and Sullivan, Amanda
- Abstract
Computer programming and associated Computational Thinking (CT) skills are essential to thriving in today's academic and professional world. There has been a growing focus globally on fostering CT skills as well as on introducing computer programming concepts and languages beginning as early as kindergarten and pre-primary school. Tools, curriculum, and frameworks to promote CT in the early years must be designed and implemented in ways that engage children who cannot yet read and write, who learn through play, and who have a short attention span and limited working memory but also strong natural curiosity. This review summarises empirical and theoretical literature on the state of the field of CT as it relates to early learning and development, a time when young children are being introduced to foundational skills, such as literacy and numeracy, which can carefully be complemented by an exploration of CT.
- Published
- 2022
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3. Inter part 2 Computer Science Guess Papers 2024 Punjab boards
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Computer science ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Intermediate annual exams under BISE Lahore and other Punjab boards are underway. The following is a suggested guess paper for the 2024 final board exams in Computer Science, applicable to [...]
- Published
- 2024
4. Could AI help you to write your next paper?
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Hutson, Matthew
- Published
- 2022
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5. An analysis of retracted papers in Computer Science.
- Author
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Shepperd, Martin and Yousefi, Leila
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COMPUTER science ,DATABASES ,RETRACTORS (Surgery) ,SECONDARY analysis ,SCIENTIFIC community - Abstract
Context: The retraction of research papers, for whatever reason, is a growing phenomenon. However, although retracted paper information is publicly available via publishers, it is somewhat distributed and inconsistent. Objective: The aim is to assess: (i) the extent and nature of retracted research in Computer Science (CS) (ii) the post-retraction citation behaviour of retracted works and (iii) the potential impact upon systematic reviews and mapping studies. Method: We analyse the Retraction Watch database and take citation information from the Web of Science and Google scholar. Results: We find that of the 33,955 entries in the Retraction watch database (16 May 2022), 2,816 are classified as CS, i.e., ≈ 8%. For CS, 56% of retracted papers provide little or no information as to the reasons. This contrasts with 26% for other disciplines. There is also some disparity between different publishers, a tendency for multiple versions of a retracted paper to be available beyond the Version of Record (VoR), and for new citations long after a paper is officially retracted (median = 3; maximum = 18). Systematic reviews are also impacted with ≈ 30% of the retracted papers having one or more citations from a review. Conclusions: Unfortunately, retraction seems to be a sufficiently common outcome for a scientific paper that we as a research community need to take it more seriously, e.g., standardising procedures and taxonomies across publishers and the provision of appropriate research tools. Finally, we recommend particular caution when undertaking secondary analyses and meta-analyses which are at risk of becoming contaminated by these problem primary studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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6. Differences between journal and conference in computer science: a bibliometric view based on Bayesian network.
- Author
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Sun, Mingyue, Yue, Mingliang, and Ma, Tingcan
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BAYESIAN analysis ,COMPUTER science conferences ,COMPUTER science ,CONFERENCE papers ,ACADEMIC conferences ,BIBLIOMETRICS - Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the differences between conference papers and journal papers in the field of computer science based on Bayesian network. This paper investigated the differences between conference papers and journal papers in the field of computer science based on Bayesian network, a knowledge-representative framework that can model relationships among all variables in the network. We defined the variables required for Bayesian networks modeling, calculated the values of each variable based Aminer dataset (a literature data set in the field of computer science), learned the Bayesian network and derived some findings based on network inference. The study found that conferences are more attractive to senior scholars, the academic impact of conference papers is slightly higher than journal papers, and it is uncertain whether conference papers are more innovative than journal papers. The study was limited to the field of computer science and employed Aminer dataset as the sample. Further studies involving more diverse datasets and different fields could provide a more complete picture of the matter. By demonstrating that Bayesian networks can effectively analyze issues in Scientometrics, the study offers valuable insights that may enhance researchers' understanding of the differences between journal and conference in computer science. Academic conferences play a crucial role in facilitating scholarly exchange and knowledge dissemination within the field of computer science. Several studies have been conducted to examine the distinctions between conference papers and journal papers in terms of various factors, such as authors, citations, h-index and others. Those studies were carried out from different (independent) perspectives, lacking a systematic examination of the connections and interactions between multiple perspectives. This paper supplements this deficiency based on Bayesian network modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. Design Automation of Paper Microfluidic Devices
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Potter, Joshua
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Computer science ,Bioengineering ,Design automation ,microfluidics ,paper - Abstract
The emerging demands for healthcare where access is limited due to political, environmental, or socio-economic factors have been driving research into bio-medical devices that perform in both diagnostic and therapeutic roles at lower costs and greater accessibility. Paper microfluidic devices are used in many applications, particularly medical diagnostics and offer an excellent combination of utility and low cost making them particularly valuable in resource-limited applications and point-of-care usage across a wide variety environmental conditions. Microfluidic biological diagnostics continue to mature as researchers discover new ways to exploit the technological possibilities, and address liabilities. The increasing complexity of paper-based microfluidic devices beyond home pregnancy tests is driving the need to produce new tools and methodologies that enable more robust biological diagnostics and potential therapeutic applications. However, the process of developing new paper microfluidic devices is limited due to having to manually design and fabricate designs to research. Often, researchers must design scores of different devices to find a combination of parameters that functions as expected. In this work, a novel software framework to support automated development of paper-based microfluidic devices is introduced to facilitate both research and fabrication to accelerate the investigative process and reduce material utilization and manpower. Unlike to existing lab-on-a-chip technologies, paper-based microfluidics differs in terms of substrate technologies and use a passive flow method to deliver fluids and reagents for assays. While numerous analogies between microfluidics and semiconductor technologies have been espoused, the physical differences between the fluid dynamics and electrical current are significant which suggests that current trends in physical design for microfluidics must change course in order to be of practical use to designers. Within this framework, a methodology is introduced to address design automation such as dynamically placing and routing microfluidic components in a non-discrete design space while avoiding invalid design layouts, accounting for fluid volume usage, surface area utilization, and the timing required to perform specified biological assays and also optimizing device parameters, enabling researchers to focus on the science and thereby accelerating the development of new, low-resource paper microfluidic devices for a developing world.
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- 2022
8. RESEARCHERS RECEIVE BEST PAPER AWARD
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Washington State University ,Electrical engineering ,Embedded systems ,Computer science ,News, opinion and commentary ,Embedded system ,System on a chip ,Electrical engineering - Abstract
PULLMAN, Wash. -- The following information was released by Washington State University: By Alexandria Osborne, Voiland College of Engineering and Architecture School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science researchers recently [...]
- Published
- 2023
9. Evaluation of Question papers by Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education using Item Analysis and Blooms Taxonomy.
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Mahroof, Ameema and Saeed, Muhammad
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CARDBOARD ,SECONDARY education ,BLOOM'S taxonomy ,READING comprehension ,COMPUTER science education - Abstract
This small scale study aims to analyze the question papers of Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education in the subject of computer science with reference to item analysis and Bloom's taxonomy. Data were collected from 100 students of Grade 9
th and 10th from the schools of Lahore city using convenient sampling technique. Data collected on the papers developed by Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education for the year of 2015 and 2016. Item analyses were performed using Conquest software. Findings of the study shows that in the question papers conducted by Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education the majority questions were measuring the student abilities of knowledge and comprehension and only few questions were given to measure the student abilities to analyze, synthesize and evaluate, and this can be very helpful for the policy makers. Result of item analysis shows that many questions were not in the acceptable range of item difficulty and item discrimination. Items in the question papers were either too easy or too difficult. Findings revealed that the papers conducted and administered by Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education were not up to the mark, with reference to Bloom's taxonomy. The researcher recommended to train the assessment committee/panel developing the items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
10. Purchase Of Consumable Items In Computer Science And, Engineering Department , A4 Paper, Stapler Pin, White Board Marker, White Board Marker, Permanent Marker, Cd Marker, Chalk, Chalk, Glue Stick, Aaa Battery, Aa Battery
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Batteries ,Computer science ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for Purchase Of Consumable Items In Computer Science And, Engineering Department , A4 Paper, Stapler Pin, White Board Marker, White Board Marker, Permanent Marker, Cd Marker, Chalk, [...]
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- 2023
11. Score Prediction from Programming Exercise System Logs Using Machine Learning
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Tanaka, Tetsuo and Ueda, Mari
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In this study, the authors have developed a web-based programming exercise system currently implemented in classrooms. This system not only provides students with a web-based programming environment but also tracks the time spent on exercises, logging operations such as program editing, building, execution, and testing. Additionally, it records their results. For educators, the system offers insights into each student's progress, the evolution of their source code, and the instances of errors. While teachers find these functions beneficial, the method of providing feedback to students needs improvement. Immediate feedback is proven to be more effective for student learning. If the final course score could be predicted based on early data (e.g., from the 1st or 2nd week), students could adapt their study strategies accordingly. This paper demonstrates that one can predict the final score using the system's operational logs from the initial phases of the course. Furthermore, the score predictions can be revised weekly based on new class logs. We also explore the potential of offering tailored advice to students to enhance their final score. [For the full proceedings, see ED636095.]
- Published
- 2023
12. Hundreds of gibberish papers still lurk in the scientific literature
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Van Noorden, Richard
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- 2021
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13. Challenges, Experiments, and Computational Solutions in Peer Review.
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SHAH, NIHAR B.
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SCHOLARLY peer review ,COMPUTER science ,EXPERIMENTS ,PREJUDICES ,STATISTICAL bias - Abstract
The author discusses computational methods utilized in the peer review process. It examines the availability of data in peer review, and experimentation in peer review design. It also discusses author identity bias, overall subjectivity in peer review, and author incentives.
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- 2022
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14. ACM Honors Work by NTT Research Cryptographer with Best Paper Award
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College teachers -- Achievements and awards ,Cryptography ,Computer science ,Business ,Business, international - Abstract
Paper on Private Information Retrieval Co-authored by CIS Lab Senior Scientist Daniel Wichs Recognized at ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing SUNNYVALE, Calif. -- NTT Research, Inc., a division of [...]
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- 2023
15. GCSE pupils slam OCR for 'hardest paper ever' that 'nobody was happy with'; The OCR computer science exam left even the top students scratching their heads
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Students ,Computer science ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Byline: By, Ellen Jenne GCSE students from all across the UK shared their anger over the OCR computer science paper which was dubbed the hardest they've ever seen. The hour [...]
- Published
- 2023
16. Are Papers Asking Questions Cited More Frequently in Computer Science?
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Dalibor Fiala, Pavel Král, and Martin Dostal
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computer science ,papers ,citations ,questions ,Web of Science ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
In this article, we test the hypothesis that computer science papers asking questions (i.e., those with a question mark at the end of their title) are cited more frequently than those that do not have this property. To this end, we analyze a data set of almost two million records on computer science papers indexed in the Web of Science database and focus our investigation on the mean number of citations per paper of its specific subsets. The main finding is that the average number of citations per paper of the so-called “asking papers” is greater by almost 20% than that of other papers, and that this difference is statistically significant.
- Published
- 2021
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17. Neither Computer Science, nor Information Studies, nor Humanities Enough: What Is the Status of a Digital Humanities Conference Paper?
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Estill, Laura and Guiliano, Jennifer
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DIGITAL humanities ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,COMPUTER science ,HUMANITIES ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
Copyright of Digital Studies / Champ Numérique is the property of Open Library of Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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18. South African research contributions to Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1973-2022.
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Naudé, Filistéa and Kroeze, Jan H.
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COMPUTER science ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,RESEARCH personnel ,AUTHORSHIP collaboration ,PERIODICAL articles - Abstract
Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) is a globally recognised publication outlet for the field of Computer Science, including in South Africa. In this study, spanning from 1973 to 2022, we investigated the research participation of South African based authors in LNCS. The publication output and citation impact of these authors were compared to the global Computer Science and LNCS output. The authorship patterns and collaborative behaviour of South African LNCS papers were explored, and a keyword or topic analysis also conducted. Of the total of 518 662 LNCS papers published globally between 1973 and 2022, South African based researchers contributed 1150 papers (0.22%). The LNCS papers from South Africa exhibit a strong collaborative publication culture, with 1043 (91%) co-authored and 107 (9%) singleauthored works. Local LNCS researchers prefer institutional collaboration (43%), followed by international (37%) and national collaboration (11%). Europe emerged as the most significant collaboration partner for LNCS researchers in South Africa. Of the 1150 papers, 836 (73%) had received citations, while 314 (27%) had not. On average, papers published by South African based authors received 6.05 citations, compared to the global LNCS average of 9.49 citations per paper. A keyword analysis revealed that the majority of papers by South African authors focus on artificial intelligence. The results indicate that, although LNCS serves as a reputable dissemination platform for Computer Science research output both globally and locally, South African authors should consider publishing more journal articles to build and improve their researcher profiles. Significance: * The study shows that LNCS is the most frequent publication outlet for Computer Science researchers, globally and in South Africa. * The study offers insight into the publication output, authorship patterns, collaborative behaviour and citation impact of South African based Computer Science researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. FDA RELEASES TWO DISCUSSION PAPERS TO SPUR CONVERSATION ABOUT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND MANUFACTURING
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United States. Food and Drug Administration ,Artificial intelligence ,Machine learning ,Computer science ,Algorithms ,Pharmaceutical industry ,News, opinion and commentary ,Algorithm ,Artificial intelligence - Abstract
SILVER SPRING, MD -- The following information was released by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): By: Patrizia Cavazzoni, M.D., Director of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research [...]
- Published
- 2023
20. A Teachable Moment: 'H-Classic Papers in Atomic Spectroscopy'
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Bush, Laura and Workman, Jerome
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Computer science ,Spectrum analysis - Abstract
In the November 2021 issue of Spectroscopy, we published a review paper titled 'H-Classic Papers in Atomic Spectroscopy: An Integrative Literature Review' (1). This paper caused quite a bit of […]
- Published
- 2022
21. Preface of the Special Issue Dedicated to Selected Papers from IWOCA 2022.
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Bazgan, Cristina and Fernau, Henning
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WATERMARKS ,COMPUTER science ,DATA structures ,INDEPENDENT sets ,BIPARTITE graphs - Abstract
The 33rd International Workshop On Combinatorial Algorithms (IWOCA 2022) was held at the University of Trier in Germany. This workshop covers a wide range of topics related to combinatorial algorithms. The special issue of the journal Algorithmica contains extended versions of selected papers from IWOCA 2022, which were nominated by the Program Committee and underwent a rigorous reviewing process. The special issue includes nine papers on various topics such as perfect matchings, algorithmic questions, and winner determination algorithms. One paper was chosen as the Best Paper of IWOCA 2022 and another as the Best Student Paper. The special issue is recommended for readers interested in exploring more papers from IWOCA 2022. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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22. From Crisis to Opportunity: Practices and Technologies for a More Effective Post-COVID Classroom
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Jeremie Regnier, Ethan Shafer, Edward Sobiesk, Nicholas Stave, and Malcolm Haynes
- Abstract
In our post-pandemic world, where the majority of higher education institutions have transitioned back to in-person classes, this paper argues that we must not return to pre-COVID teaching practices. Instead, we have the obligation and opportunity to create an educational experience and environment that better facilitates learning and instruction. This paper presents post-COVID best practices for employing technology in higher education based on an original survey and follow-up interviews of seventeen computing instructors at our institution. After a literature review, we describe four general categories of practices that enhance the post-COVID classroom: online student activities, digital instructor notes, remote classroom participation and collaboration, and a paperless classroom. For each of these categories, we provide vignettes to illustrate scope and intent. We also offer recommendations for addressing digital dishonesty, required infrastructure, institutional support, and being prepared to seamlessly return to a blended or fully remote environment in the event of another crisis. Finally, we identify additional emerging technological challenges and opportunities that require further effort. Overall, this paper emphasizes the need for a shift towards improved practices in the classroom rather than just a return to pre-pandemic norms. We believe implementing these recommendations will result in a more flexible, accessible, and robust post-COVID educational experience.
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- 2024
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23. Paper-Based Biosensors for COVID-19: A Review of Innovative Tools for Controlling the Pandemic
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Ana P.M. Tavares, Cristina E. A. Sousa, Rodrigo Martins, Maria Teresa Cruz, Ana C. Marques, Elvira Fortunato, Felismina T.C. Moreira, M. Goreti F. Sales, A. Rita Cardoso, Tomás Pinheiro, Ana Matos, and Universidade do Minho
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Diagnostic methods ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Computer science ,General Chemical Engineering ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Immunology ,02 engineering and technology ,Viral antigen ,Peptides and proteins ,Diagnostic tools ,01 natural sciences ,Biopolymers ,Pandemic ,Medical diagnosis ,Antigens ,QD1-999 ,Science & Technology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,010401 analytical chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,3. Good health ,Chemistry ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Perspective ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The appearance and quick spread of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease, COVID-19, brought major societal challenges. Importantly, suitable medical diagnosis procedures and smooth clinical management of the disease are an emergent need, which must be anchored on novel diagnostic methods and devices. Novel molecular diagnostic tools relying on nucleic acid amplification testing have emerged globally and are the current gold standard in COVID-19 diagnosis. However, the need for widespread testing methodologies for fast, effective testing in multiple epidemiological scenarios remains a crucial step in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Biosensors have previously shown the potential for cost-effective and accessible diagnostics, finding applications in settings where conventional, laboratorial techniques may not be readily employed. Paper- and cellulose-based biosensors can be particularly relevant in pandemic times, for the renewability, possibility of mass production with sustainable methodologies, and safe environmental disposal. In this review, paper-based devices and platforms targeting SARS-CoV-2 are showcased and discussed, as a means to achieve quick and low-cost PoC diagnosis, including detection methodologies for viral genomic material, viral antigen detection, and serological antibody testing. Devices targeting inflammatory markers relevant for COVID-19 are also discussed, as fast, reliable bedside diagnostic tools for patient treatment and follow-up., The authors acknowledge funding through projects Eco2Covid (POCI-01-02B7-FEDER-068174) and TecniCov (POCI-01-02B7-FEDER-069745), co-funded by FEDER through COMPETE2020 and Lisboa2020. T.P., A.R.C. and A.C.M. acknowledge funding to National Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., FCT, through their PhD grants, references DFA/BD/8606/2020, SFRH/BD/130107/2017 and SFRH/BD/115173/2016, respectively, info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
- Published
- 2021
24. Sber to award RUB 1 mn to author of best AI research paper
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Russia. Russian Academy of Sciences ,Machine learning ,Computer science ,Business, international - Abstract
Moscow: Sberbank has issued the following press release: Sber will hold a competition for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) research papers and articles with the big prize of [...]
- Published
- 2022
25. PAPELERIA LAS CORTES S.L.L secures contract for Paper stationery and other items - Supply of office material, stationery, consumables of computer science and printing material for the City of Chiclana de la Frontera
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Stationery ,Computer science ,Contract agreement ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Spain based PAPELERIA LAS CORTES S.L.L has secured contract from Junta de Gobierno del Ayuntamiento de Chiclana de la Frontera for Paper stationery and other items - Supply of office [...]
- Published
- 2022
26. GERSA INFORMATICA SL secures contract for Paper stationery and other items - Supply of office material, stationery, consumables of computer science and printing material for the City of Chiclana de la Frontera
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Stationery ,Computer science ,Contract agreement ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Spain based GERSA INFORMATICA SL has secured contract from Junta de Gobierno del Ayuntamiento de Chiclana de la Frontera for Paper stationery and other items - Supply of office material, [...]
- Published
- 2022
27. Researchers from School of Computer Science and Engineering Provide Details of New Studies and Findings in the Area of Cloud Computing (Keywords-Driven Paper Recommendation Based on Mobile Edge Computing Environment Framework)
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Cloud computing ,Computer science ,Computers - Abstract
2022 MAY 3 (VerticalNews) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Information Technology Newsweekly -- Current study results on cloud computing have been published. According to news originating from [...]
- Published
- 2022
28. The Influences of Computer Game Play and Social Media Use on Computer Science Identity and Computer Science Career Interests
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Shah, Zohal, Chen, Chen, Sonnert, Gerhard, and Sadler, Philip M.
- Abstract
Computer gameplay and social media are the two most common forms of entertainment in the digital age. Many scholars share the assumption that leisure-time digital consumption is associated with CS affinity, but there is a dearth of research evidence for this relationship. Female students generally spend less time on gaming and more time on social media than do male students, so a gender comparison perspective is helpful. Using a national sample of 10,197 U.S. college students in introductory CS courses, we found that frequent computer gameplay was strongly associated with CS career interest for both male and female students. However, increased social media use predicted a higher CS career interest for female students, but a lower interest in male students.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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29. Printability and quality of papers coated with different binders
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Emine ARMAN KANDIRMAZ, Arif Ozcan, and ÖZCAN A., Kandirmaz E. A., ZELZELE Ö. B.
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Bilgisayar Bilimi Uygulamaları ,paper coating ,Computer Sciences ,printability ,BİLGİSAYAR BİLİMİ, İNTERDİSİPLİNER UYGULAMALAR ,Mühendislik, Bilişim ve Teknoloji (ENG) ,COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS ,COMPUTER SCIENCE ,Bilgisayar Grafiği ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,Computer Science Applications ,Fizik Bilimleri ,Physical Sciences ,Computer Graphics ,Bilgisayar Grafikleri ve Bilgisayar Destekli Tasarım ,Engineering and Technology ,Bilgisayar Bilimi ,Bilgisayar Bilimleri ,Mühendislik ve Teknoloji ,paper quality ,Engineering, Computing & Technology (ENG) ,binder - Abstract
Papers are the most commonly used substrates. A printable paper must have certain properties. These properties include surface smoothness, air permeability, surface energy, colour of the paper, opacity, whiteness, light fastness, gloss, and coefficient of elongation under force. In addition, a good printable paper should not allow ink to pass between its two surfaces. After the papers are produced, they are subjected to surface treatments in order to improve the above-mentioned properties and to provide extra specification. Surface treatments include calendering, surface sizing and coating processes. While filling the recesses and protrusions on the surface with the coating process, the paper's affinity for the ink is increased, and the penetration of the ink to the other surface of the paper is prevented. In the coating process basically, a filler is dispersed in a binder. In this study, it is aimed to obtain the highest quality and most printable paper by changing the type of binder used in the coating. In this study, equal amount (5% w/w) titanium dioxide filler was used in all coating formulations. In coating formulations; cationic starch, hydroxy ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol polymers were used as binders. Binder amounts are adjusted according to optimum viscosity. The obtained coating formulations were coated on the paper surface with a laboratory type coating device. Colour, gloss, surface smoothness, air permeability, surface energy and surface morphology of the coated papers were determined. It was printed with magenta offset printing ink on three different types of paper coated with different binders, using the IGT C1 offset printability test device, under 400 N/m2 pressure printing conditions. Colour and gloss measurements of the prints were made. As a result; It was determined that three different binders improved the printability parameters.
- Published
- 2022
30. Digital Learning Experiences and Spaces: Learning from the Past to Design Better Pedagogical and Curricular Futures
- Author
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Bough, Ashley and Martinez Sainz, Gabriela
- Abstract
Over 60 years of technology development, transformation of educational policy and curriculum innovation in Ireland have resulted in the introduction of the Computer Science (CS) subject in Post-Primary (PP) Education. CS has always been conceived digitally and the Digital Learning Experiences (DLE) enacted through its curriculum are strongly interconnected to the opportunities and limitations offered by Digital Spaces (DS). However, key challenges have been identified for the successful implementation of CSE, from teachers' digital competencies and educational strategies in the classroom to learners' varying experiences of CSE. Through a systematic literature review of the educational policies and practices in Ireland's Educational System, this paper documents the digital evolution from the 1960s accounting for the CS curriculum. The literature review identifies key themes in how DS have been conceptualised through CSE, responding to learners' needs and teachers' skills and competencies, informed by emerging societal demands by providing evidence on the disparity between educational policy and practice for DS. Building upon the identified themes, this paper emphasises the importance of the design and implementation of DLE in DS such as the CS subject that considers historical lessons learned to respond to the uncertainties of the digital future.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. A paper-based colorimetric molecular test for SARS-CoV-2 in saliva
- Author
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Josiah Levi Davidson, Jiangshan Wang, Jordan Seville, Suraj Mohan, Mohit S. Verma, Sai Venkata Sravan Putikam, Ana Pascual-Garrigos, Fujr Osman Ibrahim Osman, Murali Kannan Maruthamuthu, Andres Dextre, and Darby McChesney
- Subjects
Detection limit ,Saliva ,Chromatography ,Colorimetric LAMP ,Computer science ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Loop-mediated isothermal amplification ,Paper based ,Paper-based diagnostics ,Article ,Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices ,Electrochemistry ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Herein, we describe the development of a paper-based device to detect nucleic acids of pathogens of interest in complex samples using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) by producing a colorimetric response visible to the human eye. To demonstrate the utility of this device in emerging public health emergencies, we developed and optimized our device to detect SARS-CoV-2 in human saliva without preprocessing. The resulting device was capable of detecting the virus within 60 min and had an analytical sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 100% with a limit of detection of 200 genomic copies/μL of patient saliva using image analysis. The device consists of a configurable number of reaction zones constructed of Grade 222 chromatography paper separated by 20 mil polystyrene spacers attached to a Melinex® backing via an ARclean® double-sided adhesive. The resulting device is easily configurable to detect multiple targets and has the potential to detect a variety of pathogens simply by changing the LAMP primer sets.
- Published
- 2021
32. UWL researchers publish paper on robotic systems
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Machine learning ,Computer science ,Robotics ,Business, international - Abstract
London: University of West London has issued the following news release: A research team from the University of West London's School of Computing and Engineering (SCE) has had their robotics [...]
- Published
- 2023
33. 'I'll just stop grading': Students, faculty reflect on ChatGPT after computer science course turns to paper exams
- Author
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Hampton, Charlotte
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Students ,Computer science ,News, opinion and commentary ,Sports and fitness ,Computer education - Abstract
Byline: Charlotte Hampton After concerns that students were using ChatGPT to complete recitation assignments in COSC 10, 'Problem Solving via Object-Oriented Programming,' computer science professor Timothy Pierson moved exams in [...]
- Published
- 2023
34. Text-based paper-level classification procedure for non-traditional sciences using a machine learning approach.
- Author
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Moctezuma, Daniela, López-Vázquez, Carlos, Lopes, Lucas, Trevisan, Norton, and Pérez, José
- Subjects
MACHINE learning ,COMPUTER science ,INFORMATION science ,CLASSIFICATION ,CARTOGRAPHY - Abstract
Science as a whole is organized into broad fields, and as a consequence, research, resources, students, etc., are also classified, assigned, or invited following a similar structure. Some fields have been established for centuries, and some others are just flourishing. Funding, staff, etc., to support fields are offered if there is some activity on it, commonly measured in terms of the number of published scientific papers. How to find them? There exist well-respected listings where scientific journals are ascribed to one or more knowledge fields. Such lists are human-made, but the complexity begins when a field covers more than one area of knowledge. How to discern if a particular paper is devoted to a field not considered in such lists? In this work, we propose a methodology able to classify the universe of papers into two classes; those belonging to the field of interest, and those that do not. This proposed procedure learns from the title and abstract of papers published in monothematic or "pure" journals. Provided that such journals exist, the procedure could be applied to any field of knowledge. We tested the process with Geographic Information Science. The field has contacts with Computer Science, Mathematics, Cartography, and others, a fact which makes the task very difficult. We also tested our procedure and analyzed its results with three different criteria, illustrating its power and capabilities. Interesting findings were found, where our proposed solution reached similar results as human taggers also similar results compared with state-of-the-art related work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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35. Research Paper On Artificial Intelligence And It's Applications.
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Patil, N. H., Patel, S. H., and Lawand, S. D.
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,EXPERT systems ,COMPUTER science ,WEATHER forecasting ,SERVICE industries - Abstract
In the future, intelligent machines will replace or enhance human capabilities in many areas. Artificial intelligence is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is the subfield of computer science. Artificial intelligence is becoming a popular field in computer science as it has enhanced the human life in many areas. Artificial intelligence in the last two decades has greatly improved performance of the manufacturing, service sector and so in the field of education. Study in the field of artificial intelligence has given rise to the rapidly growing technology known as expert system. Application areas of artificial intelligence is heaving a huge impact on various fields of life as expert system is widely used in these days to solve the complex problems in various areas as education, engineering, business, medicine, weather forecasting etc. The areas employing the technology of artificial intelligence have seen an increase in the quality and efficiency. This paper gives an overview of this technology and the scope of artificial intelligence in different areas with special reference to the use of this technology in the field of education along with its meaning, searching techniques, inventions and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
36. Paper-Based Point-of-Care Testing of SARS-CoV-2
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Yuan Jia, Jinpeng Tian, Wenwei Zhang, Hao Sun, and Qiuming Song
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Histology ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Computer science ,COVID-19 diagnostics ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Point-of-care testing ,Biomedical Engineering ,Diagnostic test ,Bioengineering and Biotechnology ,Bioengineering ,Paper based ,Research opportunities ,Review ,paper-based ,Field (computer science) ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,point-of-care ,CRISPR ,immunoassay ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology ,Point of care - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant global social and economic disruption. The highly transmissive nature of the disease makes rapid and reliable detection critically important. Point-of-care (POC) tests involve performing diagnostic tests outside of a laboratory that produce a rapid and reliable result. It therefore allows the diagnostics of diseases at or near the patient site. Paper-based POC tests have been gaining interest in recent years as they allow rapid, low-cost detection without the need for external instruments. In this review, we focus on the development of paper-based POC devices for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The review first introduces the principles of detection methods that are available to paper-based devices. It then summarizes the state-of-the-art paper devices and their analytical performances. The advantages and drawbacks among methods are also discussed. Finally, limitations of the existing devices are discussed, and prospects are given with the hope to identify research opportunities and directions in the field. We hope this review will be helpful for researchers to develop a clinically useful and economically efficient paper-based platform that can be used for rapid, accurate on-site diagnosis to aid in identifying acute infections and eventually contain the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Published
- 2021
37. Hospitals and Laboratories on Paper-Based Sensors: A Mini Review
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Huaizu Zhang, Chengbin Xia, Guangfu Feng, and Jun Fang
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Computer science ,microfluidics ,Review ,TP1-1185 ,Biochemistry ,paper-based sensor ,lateral flow test strips ,Analytical Chemistry ,Mini review ,Software portability ,Nucleic Acids ,Organic Chemicals ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Process engineering ,Instrumentation ,business.industry ,Chemical technology ,bioassay trace ,Paper based ,Hospitals ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Metals ,Analysis tools ,Laboratories ,business ,Mobile device - Abstract
With characters of low cost, portability, easy disposal, and high accuracy, as well as bulky reduced laboratory equipment, paper-based sensors are getting increasing attention for reliable indoor/outdoor onsite detection with nonexpert operation. They have become powerful analysis tools in trace detection with ultra-low detection limits and extremely high accuracy, resulting in their great popularity in medical detection, environmental inspection, and other applications. Herein, we summarize and generalize the recently reported paper-based sensors based on their application for mechanics, biomolecules, food safety, and environmental inspection. Based on the biological, physical, and chemical analytes-sensitive electrical or optical signals, extensive detections of a large number of factors such as humidity, pressure, nucleic acid, protein, sugar, biomarkers, metal ions, and organic/inorganic chemical substances have been reported via paper-based sensors. Challenges faced by the current paper-based sensors from the fundamental problems and practical applications are subsequently analyzed; thus, the future directions of paper-based sensors are specified for their rapid handheld testing.
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- 2021
38. Comparing LSTM and GRU Models to Predict the Condition of a Pulp Paper Press
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Antonio J. Marques Cardoso, Rui Assis, Balduíno César Mateus, Mateus Mendes, and José Torres Farinha
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Technology ,Multivariate statistics ,Control and Optimization ,Computer science ,GRU ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Predictive maintenance ,predictive maintenance ,LSTM ,recurrent neural network ,paper press ,Autoregressive integrated moving average ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Hyperparameter ,Artificial neural network ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Univariate ,Statistical model ,Recurrent neural network ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The accuracy of a predictive system is critical for predictive maintenance and to support the right decisions at the right times. Statistical models, such as ARIMA and SARIMA, are unable to describe the stochastic nature of the data. Neural networks, such as long short-term memory (LSTM) and the gated recurrent unit (GRU), are good predictors for univariate and multivariate data. The present paper describes a case study where the performances of long short-term memory and gated recurrent units are compared, based on different hyperparameters. In general, gated recurrent units exhibit better performance, based on a case study on pulp paper presses. The final result demonstrates that, to maximize the equipment availability, gated recurrent units, as demonstrated in the paper, are the best options.
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- 2021
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39. Formalizing Opponent Modeling with the Rock, Paper, Scissors Game
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Erik Brockbank and Edward Vul
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Statistics and Probability ,Technology ,Adaptive reasoning ,Exploit ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,Applied Mathematics ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,Social Sciences ,adversarial reasoning ,rock-paper-scissors ,Adversary ,Adversarial system ,sequential reasoning ,ddc:330 ,Adversarial process ,Artificial intelligence ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,business ,competition ,Simple (philosophy) - Abstract
In simple dyadic games such as rock, paper, scissors (RPS), people exhibit peculiar sequential dependencies across repeated interactions with a stable opponent. These regularities seem to arise from a mutually adversarial process of trying to outwit their opponent. What underlies this process, and what are its limits? Here, we offer a novel framework for formally describing and quantifying human adversarial reasoning in the rock, paper, scissors game. We first show that this framework enables a precise characterization of the complexity of patterned behaviors that people exhibit themselves, and appear to exploit in others. This combination allows for a quantitative understanding of human opponent modeling abilities. We apply these tools to an experiment in which people played 300 rounds of RPS in stable dyads. We find that although people exhibit very complex move dependencies, they cannot exploit these dependencies in their opponents, indicating a fundamental limitation in people’s capacity for adversarial reasoning. Taken together, the results presented here show how the rock, paper, scissors game allows for precise formalization of human adaptive reasoning abilities.
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- 2021
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40. Lab-on-Paper Devices for Diagnosis of Human Diseases Using Urine Samples—A Review
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Yu-Chi Chang, Wei-Chun Tai, Lung-Ming Fu, and Dean Chou
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Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Computer science ,Point-of-care testing ,Microfluidics ,Clinical Biochemistry ,microfluidic ,non-invasive samples ,Sample (statistics) ,Review ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,paper-based devices ,Human health ,Human disease ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Fabrication methods ,medicine ,Humans ,Medical physics ,lab-on-paper ,010401 analytical chemistry ,General Medicine ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,urine ,0104 chemical sciences ,Point-of-Care Testing ,Detection performance ,0210 nano-technology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
In recent years, microfluidic lab-on-paper devices have emerged as a rapid and low-cost alternative to traditional laboratory tests. Additionally, they were widely considered as a promising solution for point-of-care testing (POCT) at home or regions that lack medical infrastructure and resources. This review describes important advances in microfluidic lab-on-paper diagnostics for human health monitoring and disease diagnosis over the past five years. The review commenced by explaining the choice of paper, fabrication methods, and detection techniques to realize microfluidic lab-on-paper devices. Then, the sample pretreatment procedure used to improve the detection performance of lab-on-paper devices was introduced. Furthermore, an in-depth review of lab-on-paper devices for disease measurement based on an analysis of urine samples was presented. The review concludes with the potential challenges that the future development of commercial microfluidic lab-on-paper platforms for human disease detection would face.
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- 2021
41. Hybrid Technologies Combining Solid-State Sensors and Paper/Fabric Fluidics for Wearable Analytical Devices
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César Fernández-Sánchez, Cecilia Jiménez-Jorquera, Meritxell Rovira, and Swiss National Science Foundation
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Computer science ,electrochemical (bio)sensor ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Wearable computer ,Clinical analysis | Electrochemical (bio)sensor | Fabric microfluidics | Paper microfluidics | Solid-state sensors | Wearables ,Biosensing Techniques ,Review ,02 engineering and technology ,Diagnostic tools ,solid-state sensors ,01 natural sciences ,Continuous analysis ,Wearable Electronic Devices ,Biological fluids ,Humans ,Fluidics ,fabric microfluidics ,Sweat ,Wearable technology ,Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages ,business.industry ,Textiles ,010401 analytical chemistry ,clinical analysis ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Solid state sensor ,0104 chemical sciences ,wearables ,Systems engineering ,paper microfluidics ,Patient status ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biomarkers ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The development of diagnostic tools for measuring a wide spectrum of target analytes, from biomarkers to other biochemical parameters in biological fluids, has experienced a significant growth in the last decades, with a good number of such tools entering the market. Recently, a clear focus has been put on miniaturized wearable devices, which offer powerful capabilities for real-time and continuous analysis of biofluids, mainly sweat, and can be used in athletics, consumer wellness, military, and healthcare applications. Sweat is an attractive biofluid in which different biomarkers could be noninvasively measured to provide rapid information about the physical state of an individual. Wearable devices reported so far often provide discrete (single) measurements of the target analytes, most of them in the form of a yes/no qualitative response. However, quantitative biomarker analysis over certain periods of time is highly demanded for many applications such as the practice of sports or the precise control of the patient status in hospital settings. For this, a feasible combination of fluidic elements and sensor architectures has been sought. In this regard, this paper shows a concise overview of analytical tools based on the use of capillary-driven fluidics taking place on paper or fabric devices integrated with solid-state sensors fabricated by thick film technologies. The main advantages and limitations of the current technologies are pointed out together with the progress towards the development of functional devices. Those approaches reported in the last decade are examined in detail.
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- 2021
42. Paper-based thesis and dissertations: analysis of fundamental characteristics for achieving a robust structure
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Guilherme Luz Tortorella, FI Kubota, PA Cauchick-Migue, and Marlene Amorim
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Research design ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Manufactures ,TS1-2301 ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Thesis by publications ,Originality ,0502 economics and business ,Hybrid thesis ,Research method ,media_common ,Structure (mathematical logic) ,Article-based thesis ,Management science ,Thesis as a series of papers ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Subject (documents) ,Paper based ,Document analysis ,Publication-based thesis ,Structural robustness ,0503 education ,050203 business & management - Abstract
Paper aims This study identifies fundamental characteristics for developing a paper-based thesis (PBT), providing some recommendations to researchers who decide for this academic research report. Originality This paper contributes to the literature by providing guidance to develop PBTs, which has been attracting researchers' interest because it demonstrates publication capacity and potential as a researcher. Additionally, it is still not entirely clear which issues and countermeasures researchers should address when choosing the paper-based structure. Research method The authors searched for articles of PBTs already published, institutional documents (e.g., regulations for conducting PBTs in Brazil and abroad) and journal papers concerning this subject. A content and document analysis were conducted in the papers and PBT internal regulations, respectively. Main findings Results indicate five main factors that impact the success of a PBT approach: (i) the initial planning for this academic model; (ii) alignment between the articles and the thesis/dissertation; (iii) research design construction; (iv) copyrights requirements; and (v) issues regarding co-authorship. Based on that, the study also builds some guidelines to structure a robust PBT. Implications for theory and practice Our recommendations might be meaningful to scholars and researchers bring more theoretical, empirical, and structural robustness when developing a PBT final document.
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- 2021
43. Paper-Based Immunosensors with Bio-Chemiluminescence Detection
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Mara Mirasoli, Massimo Guardigli, Laura Montali, Donato Calabria, Antonia Lopreside, Martina Zangheri, Elisa Marchegiani, Ilaria Trozzi, Maria Maddalena Calabretta, Elisa Michelini, Calabretta M.M., Zangheri M., Calabria D., Lopreside A., Montali L., Marchegiani E., Trozzi I., Guardigli M., Mirasoli M., and Michelini E.
- Subjects
Luminescence ,Point-of-Care System ,Computer science ,Point-of-Care Systems ,02 engineering and technology ,Review ,Biosensing Techniques ,bio-chemiluminescence ,TP1-1185 ,paper-based ,biosensor ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Biosensing Technique ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Routine analysis ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Instrumentation ,Analysis method ,Immunoassay ,immunosensor ,Chemical technology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Scientific production ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,0104 chemical sciences ,point-of-care ,Systems engineering ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Since the introduction of paper-based analytical devices as potential diagnostic platforms a few decades ago, huge efforts have been made in this field to develop systems suitable for meeting the requirements for the point-of-care (POC) approach. Considerable progress has been achieved in the adaptation of existing analysis methods to a paper-based format, especially considering the chemiluminescent (CL)-immunoassays-based techniques. The implementation of biospecific assays with CL detection and paper-based technology represents an ideal solution for the development of portable analytical devices for on-site applications, since the peculiarities of these features create a unique combination for fitting the POC purposes. Despite this, the scientific production is not paralleled by the diffusion of such devices into everyday life. This review aims to highlight the open issues that are responsible for this discrepancy and to find the aspects that require a focused and targeted research to make these methods really applicable in routine analysis.
- Published
- 2021
44. New Result on the Feedback Capacity of the Action-Dependent Dirty Paper Wiretap Channel
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Guangfen Xie and Bin Dai
- Subjects
Computer science ,Science ,QC1-999 ,Gaussian ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Astrophysics ,Interference (wave propagation) ,Upper and lower bounds ,Article ,symbols.namesake ,action encoder ,wiretap channel ,Control theory ,Secrecy ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Physics ,Transmitter ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,channel feedback ,Action (physics) ,QB460-466 ,symbols ,intelligent reflecting surfaces ,State (computer science) ,dirty paper channel ,Communication channel - Abstract
The Gaussian wiretap channel with noncausal state interference available at the transmitter, which is also called the dirty paper wiretap channel (DP-WTC), has been extensively studied in the literature. Recently, it has been shown that taking actions on the corrupted state interference of the DP-WTC (also called the action-dependent DP-WTC) helps to increase the secrecy capacity of the DP-WTC. Subsequently, it has been shown that channel feedback further increases the secrecy capacity of the action-dependent DP-WTC (AD-DP-WTC), and a sub-optimal feedback scheme is proposed for this feedback model. In this paper, a two-step hybrid scheme and a corresponding new lower bound on the secrecy capacity of the AD-DP-WTC with noiseless feedback are proposed. The proposed new lower bound is shown to be optimal (achieving the secrecy capacity) and tighter than the existing one in the literature for some cases, and the results of this paper are further explained via numerical examples.
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- 2021
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45. A Hybrid Personalized Scientific Paper Recommendation Approach Integrating Public Contextual Metadata
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Saravanakumar Gurusamy, Md. Abdul Based, Khalid Haruna, Rodina Ahmad, Mominul Ahsan, Julfikar Hiader, and Nazmus Sakib
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Context model ,Information retrieval ,General Computer Science ,Computer science ,Scientific paper recommendation ,Feature extraction ,General Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Recommender system ,public contextual metadata ,TK1-9971 ,Metadata ,Order (exchange) ,020204 information systems ,collaborative filtering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Collaborative filtering ,Mean reciprocal rank ,content-based filtering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,General Materials Science ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Baseline (configuration management) ,hybrid approach - Abstract
Rapid increase in scholarly publications on the web has posed a new challenge to the researchers in finding highly relevant and important research articles associated with a particular area of interest. Even a highly relevant paper is sometimes missed especially for novice researchers due to lack of knowledge and experience in finding and accessing the most suitable articles. Scholarly recommender system is a very appropriate tool for this purpose that can enable researchers to locate relevant publications easily and quickly. However, the main downside of the existing approaches is that their effectiveness is dependent on priori user profiles and thus, they cannot recommend papers to the new users. Furthermore, the system uses both public and non-public metadata and therefore, the system is unable to find similarities between papers efficiently due to copyright restrictions. Considering the above challenges, in this research work, a novel hybrid approach is proposed that separately combines a Content Based Filtering (CBF) recommender module and a Collaborative Filtering (CF) recommender module. Unlike previous CBF and CF approaches, public contextual metadata and paper-citation relationship information are effectively incorporated into these two approaches separately to enhance the recommendation accuracy. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, publicly available datasets were employed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the baseline approaches in terms of standard metrics (precision, recall, F1-measure, mean average precision, and mean reciprocal rank), indicating that the proposed approach is more efficient in recommending scholarly publications.
- Published
- 2021
46. A co‐training ‐based approach for the hierarchical multi‐label classification of research papers
- Author
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Khalil Drira, Hatem Bellaaj, Abir Masmoudi, Mohamed Jmaiel, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Équipe Services et Architectures pour Réseaux Avancés (LAAS-SARA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de Recherche en développement et contrôle d'applications distribuées (REDCAD), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax | National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Computer science ,02 engineering and technology ,Semi-supervised learning ,Imbalanced data ,[INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE] ,Hierarchical Multi-label classication ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Set (abstract data type) ,Consistency (database systems) ,[INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI] ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Cardinality ,Co-training ,Artificial Intelligence ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Multi-label classification ,Hierarchy (mathematics) ,business.industry ,[INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web ,Research papers classication ,Bibliographic coupling ,ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Control and Systems Engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,[INFO.INFO-ET]Computer Science [cs]/Emerging Technologies [cs.ET] ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer - Abstract
International audience; This paper focuses on the problem of the hierarchical multi‐label classification of research papers, which is the task of assigning the set of relevant labels for a paper from a hierarchy, using reduced amounts of labelled training data. Specifically, we study leveraging unlabelled data, which are usually plentiful and easy to collect, in addition to the few available labelled ones in a semi‐supervised learning framework for achieving better performance results. Thus, in this paper, we propose a semi‐supervised approach for the hierarchical multi‐label classification task of research papers based on the well‐known Co‐training algorithm, which exploit content and bibliographic coupling information as two distinct papers' views. In our approach, two hierarchical multi‐label classifiers, are learnt on different views of the labelled data, and iteratively select their most confident unlabelled samples, which are further added to the labelled set. The success of our suggested Co‐training‐based approach lies in two main components. The first is the use of two suggested selection criteria (i.e., Maximum Agreement and Labels Cardinality Consistency) that enforce selecting confident unlabelled samples. The second is the appliance of an oversampling method that rebalances the labels distribution of the initial labelled set, which reduces the reinforcement of the label imbalance issue during the Co‐training learning. The proposed approach is evaluated using a collection of scientific papers extracted from the ACM digital library. Performed experiments show the effectiveness of our approach with regards to several baseline methods.
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- 2021
47. Process simulation-based evaluation of design and operational implications of water-laid paper machine conversion to foam technology
- Author
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Lotta Sorsamäki, Eemeli Hytönen, and Antti Koponen
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,business.product_category ,foam forming ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Process (computing) ,Forming processes ,Bioengineering ,process configuration ,computer.software_genre ,process simulation ,Simulation software ,Paper machine ,water balance ,New product development ,Process simulation ,Process engineering ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Dimensioning ,computer ,Electronic circuit ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS - Abstract
Foam forming technology has attracted much attention during the past few years in the paper industry. Its advantages compared to conventional water forming are a new product portfolio and increased process efficiency. To support the paper industry in pushing foam forming technology forward, process simulation is needed to provide supporting data for strategic decision-making and as a basis for equipment dimensioning. This study examined the conversion of an existing wallpaper machine from water to foam forming technology using process simulation. To determine the required process configuration and parameter changes in the existing process, both published and unpublished data on the foam forming process were collected. This paper also describes modeling of the foam phase in the selected simulation software. The suitability of existing paper process equipment for foam was analyzed. Simulations revealed that undisturbed operation with foam requires some equipment modifications and re-arrangements in water circuits. With foam forming, the water balance in both short and long circulation changes remarkably compared to conventional water forming, leading to a large increase in the long circulation volume flows.
- Published
- 2021
48. Rock-Paper-Scissors Play: Beyond the Win-Stay/Lose-Change Strategy
- Author
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Frederic Moisan, Hanshu Zhang, and Cleotilde Gonzalez
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Statistics and Probability ,Technology ,Computer science ,Social Sciences ,rock-paper-scissors ,Downgrade ,Outcome (game theory) ,win-stay/lose-change ,03 medical and health sciences ,Adversarial system ,Theory of mind ,0502 economics and business ,ddc:330 ,050207 economics ,030304 developmental biology ,theory of mind ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,05 social sciences ,Stochastic game ,Probabilistic logic ,Upgrade ,Artificial intelligence ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,business ,Diversity (business) - Abstract
This research studied the strategies that players use in sequential adversarial games. We took the Rock-Paper-Scissors (RPS) game as an example and ran players in two experiments. The first experiment involved two humans, who played the RPS together for 100 times. Importantly, our payoff design in the RPS allowed us to differentiate between participants who used a random strategy from those who used a Nash strategy. We found that participants did not play in agreement with the Nash strategy, but rather, their behavior was closer to random. Moreover, the analyses of the participants’ sequential actions indicated heterogeneous cycle-based behaviors: some participants’ actions were independent of their past outcomes, some followed a well-known win-stay/lose-change strategy, and others exhibited the win-change/lose-stay behavior. To understand the sequential patterns of outcome-dependent actions, we designed probabilistic computer algorithms involving specific change actions (i.e., to downgrade or upgrade according to the immediate past outcome): the Win-Downgrade/Lose-Stay (WDLS) or Win-Stay/Lose-Upgrade (WSLU) strategies. Experiment 2 used these strategies against a human player. Our findings show that participants followed a win-stay strategy against the WDLS algorithm and a lose-change strategy against the WSLU algorithm, while they had difficulty in using an upgrade/downgrade direction, suggesting humans’ limited ability to detect and counter the actions of the algorithm. Taken together, our two experiments showed a large diversity of sequential strategies, where the win-stay/lose-change strategy did not describe the majority of human players’ dynamic behaviors in this adversarial situation.
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- 2021
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49. A Multi-Chamber Paper-Based Platform for the Detection of Amyloid β Oligomers 42 via Copper-Enhanced Gold Immunoblotting
- Author
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Sungbo Cho and Le-Minh-Tu Phan
- Subjects
copper-enhanced gold nanoprobe ,Amyloid β ,Computer science ,Immunoblotting ,Nanoprobe ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,amyloid beta 42 oligomers ,Biosensing Techniques ,Microbiology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,multi-chamber ,Amyloid Beta 42 ,wax printing ,Alzheimer Disease ,Limit of Detection ,Humans ,Medical diagnosis ,Molecular Biology ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,Manufacturing process ,Communication ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,QR1-502 ,Peptide Fragments ,0104 chemical sciences ,Highly sensitive ,colorimetric immunoblot ,Gold ,0210 nano-technology ,Biosensor ,Alzheimer’s disease ,Biomarkers ,Copper - Abstract
The early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a challenge for medical scientists worldwide, leading to a number of research efforts that focus on biosensor development for AD biomarkers. However, the application of these complicated biosensors is limited in medical diagnosis, due to the difficulties in robust sensing platform development, high costs, and the necessity for technical professionals. We successfully developed a robust straightforward manufacturing process for the fabrication of multi-chamber paper devices using the wax printing method and exploited it to detect amyloid beta 42 oligomers (AβO42, a significant biomarker of AD) using copper-enhanced gold nanoprobe colorimetric immunoblotting. Small hydrophilic reaction chambers could concentrate the target sample to the desired size to improve the sensing performance. The copper-enhanced gold nanoprobe immunoblot using the designed multi-chamber platform exhibited a highly sensitive performance with a limit of detection of 320 pg/mL by the naked eye and 23.7 pg/mL by a smartphone camera. This process from sensing manufacture to sensing conduction is simple to perform whenever medical technicians require time- and cost-savings, without complicated instruments or the need for technical professionals, making it feasible to serve as a diagnostic tool worldwide for the early monitoring of AD and scalable devices for the sensing application of various biomarkers in clinical settings.
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- 2021
50. fNIRS Signal Classification Based on Deep Learning in Rock-Paper-Scissors Imagery Task
- Author
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Yuting Xia, Tengfei Ma, Xin Li, Chen Wentian, Sailing He, and Xinhua Zhu
- Subjects
Time series classification ,Technology ,Computer science ,QH301-705.5 ,Speech recognition ,QC1-999 ,fNIRS ,02 engineering and technology ,Task (project management) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Signal classification ,Motor imagery ,General Materials Science ,Biology (General) ,BCI ,Instrumentation ,QD1-999 ,Brain–computer interface ,TSC ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,business.industry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Deep learning ,Physics ,General Engineering ,deep learning ,rock–paper–scissors ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Computer Science Applications ,Chemistry ,Duration (music) ,Artificial intelligence ,TA1-2040 ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,CNN - Abstract
To explore whether the brain contains pattern differences in the rock–paper–scissors (RPS) imagery task, this paper attempts to classify this task using fNIRS and deep learning. In this study, we designed an RPS task with a total duration of 25 min and 40 s, and recruited 22 volunteers for the experiment. We used the fNIRS acquisition device (FOIRE-3000) to record the cerebral neural activities of these participants in the RPS task. The time series classification (TSC) algorithm was introduced into the time-domain fNIRS signal classification. Experiments show that CNN-based TSC methods can achieve 97% accuracy in RPS classification. CNN-based TSC method is suitable for the classification of fNIRS signals in RPS motor imagery tasks, and may find new application directions for the development of brain–computer interfaces (BCI).
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- 2021
- Full Text
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