15,701 results
Search Results
2. Mapping the Archives: Epistolary Networks and the State Papers of England, 1523–1540.
- Author
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Burge, Caitlin
- Subjects
- *
ARCHIVES , *DIGITAL libraries , *HISTORICAL source material , *DIGITAL mapping , *DIGITAL maps - Abstract
As the number of digital archives increases – both traditional archives that have been digitized and 'born digital' collections – so, too, grows the number of tools and methodologies through which they can be better understood. This article explores how archives can be 'mapped' digitally, using network analysis to examine epistolary networks built on the State Papers archives of England. It will outline some of the core contributors to the archives, while also pointing to smaller actors and collections, whose place in the epistolary network and the archives are best revealed when viewed at scale within this 'mapping' process. This article demonstrates that – as with any other historical dataset – understanding the archives and the ways in which they are constructed is vital to further quantitative analysis, and how this is turn may bolster digital historical narratives. As such, this article not only demonstrates the outcomes of adopting digital methodologies, and how they may shape ongoing historical research and narratives, but also illustrates the ways in which the adoption of these quantitative measures allows for a critical reconsideration of historical sources, their origins and the ways in which they can be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. The 100 Most-Cited Papers in Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Bibliometric Analysis.
- Author
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Guiomarino Neto, Armando Baia, Rodrigues Limeira, Francisco Ivison, Henriques Ferreira, Kétsia Rayssa, and Costa Arantes, Diandra
- Subjects
TOOTH sensitivity ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,POISSON regression ,REGRESSION analysis ,DENTIN - Abstract
Objective: To identify the 100 most-cited articles in DH and analyze their characteristics. Material and Methods: A search was performed on the Web of Science (WoS) and the 100 most-cited articles were selected. The following data were extracted: citations, year of publication, authorship, institution, country, journal, language, study design, topic of interest, conflict of interest (COI), and sponsorship. The VOSviewer software was used to visualize bibliometric networks. Poisson regression analysis was performed to measure associations between several citations and the characteristics of the studies. Results: The number of citations ranged from 346 to 48. The most-cited article was published in 1997 by Holland in the Journal of Clinical Periodontology. This journal published the most papers, followed by the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation and Journal of Dentistry. Laboratory research, review, and clinical trial were the study designs most prevalent. Reviews (p<0.05; PR= 1.853) and method development studies (p<0.05; PR= 1.853) had a more chance to present more citations. The main topics of interest were the clinical effectiveness of desensitizers and in vitro analysis of dentin morphology. Sponsorship and COI were underreported. England and USA presented the greatest number of citations and connections in the coauthorship network map. Conclusion: Most of the articles were original research, and their topics of interest were mainly the clinical effectiveness of desensitizing agents and dentin morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. 'On paper, you're normal': narratives of unseen health needs among women who have had children removed from their care.
- Author
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Grant C, Powell C, Philip G, Blackburn R, Lacey R, and Woodman J
- Subjects
- Female, Child, Humans, Qualitative Research, England, Mothers, Delivery of Health Care
- Abstract
Background: Mothers who have children removed from their care often have complex needs. These women have poor health outcomes and are dying earlier than their peers from preventable and amenable causes. Yet there is little known about how health care services might mitigate these risks. This study aimed to listen to the voices of women who had children removed from their care to understand their experiences of health and healthcare., Methods: We used a narrative approach to collect and analyse interview data with six mothers who had experienced child removal in England. Each participant was asked to reflect on their life and main health challenges., Results: Three narrative subplots were developed to consolidate experiences of unmet health need: (i) 'on paper you're normal': narratives of complex need, (ii) 'in my family, everyone had issues': narratives of whole family need and (iii) 'I'm still mummy, no matter where they are': narratives of maternal identity and health., Conclusions: Findings highlight limitations within current systems of support, including a culture of distrust and women falling between the gaps of services. Women's narratives illustrate opportunities for health intervention, especially immediately following child removal., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health.)
- Published
- 2023
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5. The 100 Most Cited Papers in Radiotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy for Cervical Cancer: 1990–2020.
- Author
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Wang, Weiping, Liu, Xiaoliang, Wang, Dunhuang, Ren, Kang, Zhou, Yuncan, Zhou, Ziqi, Qiu, Jie, Zhang, Fuquan, and Hu, Ke
- Subjects
CERVICAL cancer ,CHEMORADIOTHERAPY ,RADIOTHERAPY ,RADIOISOTOPE brachytherapy ,RADIOBIOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: This work aims to analyze the 100 most cited papers in radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer. Methods: The 100 most cited papers in radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy between 1990 and 2020 were identified with Thompson Reuters Web of Science citation indexing on August 24, 2020. The publication years, source titles, countries/regions, total citations, and average citations per year were extracted from the Web of Science. The research type and research domain were classified by the authors. Results: These 100 papers were cited a total of 28,714 times, and the median number of citations was 169.5 (ranging from 116 to 1,700 times). The most cited paper was "Concurrent cisplatin-based radiotherapy and chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer" by Rose et al., with a total citation of 1,700 times. The International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics (40 papers), Radiotherapy and Oncology (14 papers), and the Journal of Clinical Oncology (12 papers) published the largest number of papers. USA (47 papers), Austria (18 papers), Canada (13 papers), and England (13 papers) contributed the largest number of papers. Image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) had the largest number of papers (25 papers). Concurrent chemotherapy was the most cited research domain, with 10,663 total citations and 592.4 citations per paper. Conclusion: In the present study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited papers in radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer in the past 30 years. IGABT and concurrent chemotherapy were the most cited research domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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6. Opportunity for RE? A possible vision of the future for Religious Education structures in England, drawing on the implications of Education for All, the UK Government's 2022 education White Paper.
- Author
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Smalley, Paul
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RELIGIOUS education , *COLLEGE curriculum , *STUDENT development , *SCHOOL districts - Abstract
This paper critically examines the White Paper, Opportunity for all, published by the UK Government's Department for Education (DfE) in March 2022. This has a number of recommendations for schools in an attempt to 'level up'. In particular, there is a promise to deliver 'a fully trust-led system with a single regulatory approach [and] a clear role for every part of the school system'. Such a system provides a serious challenge to the way that Religious Education (RE) structures in England are currently built: in short, when Local Authorities no longer have schools under their control – what is the point of a SACRE? Arguing that the 'local settlement' for RE serves two purposes – a curricular purpose and support and monitoring purpose – this paper will suggest that future RE curricula will be planned at the Trust level, with the monitoring and support functions being moved from the local to the regional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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7. Screening for late preeclampsia at 35–37 weeks by the urinary Congo-red dot paper test.
- Author
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Döbert, Moritz, Varouxaki, Anna-Nektaria, An Chi Mu, Syngelaki, Argyro, and Nicolaides, Kypros H.
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- *
PREECLAMPSIA , *INTRACLASS correlation , *WOMEN'S hospitals , *INTER-observer reliability - Abstract
Background: Several cross-sectional studies have investigated the incidence of urinary Congo-red dye positivity in women with preeclampsia (PE), compared to unaffected pregnancies, and reported very high sensitivity and low false positive rate in the diagnosis of PE. Objective: To determine the performance of the urinary Congo-red dot paper test at 35–37 weeks’ gestation in the prediction of delivery with PE at ≤2 and >2 weeks after assessment. Methods: This was a prospective observational study in women attending for a routine hospital visit at 35+0 to 36+6 weeks’ gestation in a maternity hospital in England. Urine samples were collected and the Congo-red dot paper test was used to assess the degree of Congo-red dye positivity. The test uses a scoring system from 1 to 8 and the higher the score the greater the degree of Congo-red dye positivity. We examined and compared the degree of Congo-red dye positivity in the groups that delivered with PE at ≤2 and >2 weeks with those that remained normotensive. Reproducibility was assessed by examining the inter- and intra-observer reliability of scoring on stored images with the researchers blinded to previous results. Results: The study population of 2140 women included 46 (2.1%) that subsequently developed PE (2.1%). The urinary Congo-red dot test was positive in 8.3% (1/12) and 2.9% (1/34) that delivered with PE at ≤2 and >2 weeks from assessment and in 0.2% (4/2094) of the unaffected pregnancies when the cutoff for Congo-red dye positivity was ≥5. The respective values when the cutoff used was ≥3 were 66.7%, 23.5%, and 16.5%, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the inter-observer reliability was 0.926 (95% CI 0.890–0.953, p<.0001) and Cohen's kappa coefficient for the intra-observer reliability was 0.904, p<.0001. Conclusions: The performance of the urinary Congo-red dot paper test at 35–37 weeks’ gestation in the prediction of PE is very poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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8. Developing an outcome measure for an adult intellectual disabilities intensive support team – a practice paper.
- Author
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Lines, Jason and Krishnadas, Kiran
- Subjects
- *
EXPERIMENTAL design , *PILOT projects , *PROFESSIONAL peer review , *SOCIAL support , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL care , *LANGUAGE & languages , *NATIONAL health services , *PRE-tests & post-tests , *T-test (Statistics) , *QUALITATIVE research , *RISK assessment , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *INTELLECTUAL disabilities - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to outline the initial pilot use of the client complexity matrix (CCM), an outcome measure developed for an NHS Adult Intellectual Disabilities Intensive Support Team (IST) in the West Midlands of England. Design/methodology/approach: A mixed method approach was used to report the results and evaluate the use of the CCM within this IST. The CCM was trialled for six months between January 2022 and June 2022. CCM scores pre and post IST intervention were analysed via t-test, and qualitative feedback from clinicians is detailed. Findings: Analysis suggests the CCM captures service success showing a significant decrease in complexity and risk post-intervention. Qualitative comments from clinicians were generally positive; however, there were requested changes regarding specific presentations, use of labels/language and for a digital version. Research limitations/implications: The tool is not co-constructed with the client. Because of this IST's caseload, the sample size was small. Only one clinician was asked to complete the CCM pre and post intervention. Future use of the measure will encourage two clinicians to complete the measure to evidence its inter-rater reliability. Each client's specific presentation was not explicitly analysed here. Practical implications: The CCM will be updated using the feedback from clinicians and from the peer review process. Research that examines the generalisability of this measure to other IST services would be beneficial. Originality/value: The CCM appears to fill a gap in outcome measurements for this IST service which looks at breadth and depth of client complexity and risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. Women's Labour and the History of the Book in Early Modern England.
- Author
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Watson, Elise
- Subjects
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WOMEN'S history , *EARLY modern history , *MASCULINITY , *HISTORY of the book , *PERSONAL names , *LGBTQ+ studies - Abstract
The book "Women's Labour and the History of the Book in Early Modern England" edited by Valerie Wayne explores the question of whether women have a book history in early modern England. The book utilizes a range of new original sources and analysis to provide a resounding answer that women did indeed have a significant role in the book trade and cultural life during this period. The book is praised for its successes but also acknowledges its limitations, particularly in terms of its focus on English borders and its definition of "woman." Despite these constraints, the book is considered an essential piece of women's history and book history for future scholars and students. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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10. Weekly Policy Papers.
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article focuses on policy papers published by various entities including the British Government, parliamentary libraries, and think tanks.
- Published
- 2023
11. Sismondi on money, banking, credit and public debt: an exploratory essay.
- Author
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Bridel, Pascal
- Subjects
PUBLIC debts ,BUSINESS cycles ,CAPITALISM ,WAR finance ,PAPER money - Abstract
This contribution examines Sismondi's money, banking and credit theories and explores his public debt analysis (1803–1838) to connect the instability of market economy with his vision of the social contract. A detailed analysis is offered of the evolution in Sismondi's opinion on the nature of money and the banking system, and the part it plays in his trade cycle theory. Sismondi's monetary thought is then contextualised with a discussion of his policy-mix in relation to the Napoleonic war financing in Continental Europe. Connections with the upcoming flood of literature in England on the bullion controversy are also offered. Remarks are then suggested on the progressive emergence of an "art of public borrowing" according to which the people who provide the money also control the government. Finally, some reflections are proposed on the explicit connection established by Sismondi between budget deficits, the (ab-)use of inconvertible paper money and the partial collapse of the social contract initiated by banks and the governments using it. The entrenched instability of a market economy (discussed in an earlier article) is reinforced by the banking/credit system that works along similar line than any wealth-producing firm. Hence, thanks to the financial system, wealth does grow faster but at the expense of social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Richter transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a British Society for Haematology Good Practice Paper.
- Author
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Eyre TA, Riches JC, Patten PEM, Walewska R, Marr H, Follows G, Hillmen P, and Schuh AH
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- England, Female, Hematology, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell epidemiology
- Published
- 2022
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13. Weekly Policy Papers.
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MENTAL health of school children ,SPECIAL education - Abstract
The article reports on the Weekly Policy Papers, detailing publications from February 5th to 9th, 2024. It covers topics like mental health and wellbeing in schools by Edward Scott from the House of Lords Library, and support for special educational needs (SEN) in England by Robert Long and Nerys Roberts from the House of Commons Library.
- Published
- 2024
14. The Top 100 Most-Cited Papers in Erosive Tooth Wear: A Bibliometric Analysis.
- Author
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Rocha AO, Santos PS, Machado BA, Bolan M, Cardoso M, Martins-Júnior PA, and Santana CM
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- England, Germany, Humans, Research Design, Bibliometrics, Tooth Wear
- Abstract
Citation rates can be used as an indicator of the influence and relevance of scientific papers. The present study analyzed the 100 most-cited articles related to erosive tooth wear (ETW). The top 100 most-cited papers focusing on ETW topics were collected from the Web of Science database on November 11, 2020. The following bibliometric data were extracted from papers: title, authorship, institutions, countries, number of citations, year of publication, journal title, study design, topic, and keywords. Scopus and Google Scholar were searched to compare the number of citations. The VOSviewer software was used to generate collaborative network maps for the authors and keywords. The number of citations of the 100 most-cited papers ranged from 71 to 330 (average: 97.44). The papers were published between 1949 and 2015. Caries Research (28%) and The Journal of Dentistry (16%) presented the majority of papers. Laboratorial (44%) and observational studies (33%) were the most common study designs. The most studied topics were epidemiology (31%) and the erosive potential of substances (drinks, foods, or medicines) (22%). The countries with the highest number of most-cited papers were England (32%), Germany (18%), and Switzerland (10%). The University of Bern was the institution with the most papers (10%). Lussi A was the author with the highest number of papers in the top 100 (14%). The most common keyword was "dental erosion" with 64 occurrences. The top 100 most-cited papers related to ETW were composed mainly of laboratorial and observational studies focusing on epidemiology and the erosive potential of substances., (© 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
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- 2022
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15. State Authority and Convict Agency in the Paper Panopticon: The Recording of Convict Ages in Nineteenth-Century England and Australia.
- Author
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Ward, Richard
- Subjects
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STATE power , *NINETEENTH century , *AGENT (Philosophy) , *DIGITAL technology , *INFORMATION design - Abstract
The nineteenth century witnessed the creation of a 'paper Panopticon' designed to capture information about offenders in England, especially those who were transported to Australia. This article considers the effectiveness of this new record-keeping system and asks whether convicts had some agency within it. These questions are explored through a macroscopic analysis of the recording of convict ages in nineteenth-century England and Australia, made possible by the Digital Panopticon project. By using the methodological opportunities opened up by digital technologies, we can test the accuracy of historical records in new ways, and in the process develop a better understanding of the encounter between state authority and convict agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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16. Citrination and its Discontents: Yellow as a Sign of Alchemical Change.
- Author
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Rampling, Jennifer M.
- Subjects
WOLVES ,COOKBOOKS ,CROWS ,INDICATORS & test-papers ,ALCHEMY ,SULFURIC acid - Abstract
Many of the "signs and tokens" described in alchemical texts relate to colour, from the Crow's Bill signifying putrefaction to the philosophical solvents disguised as Green Lions, Red Dragons, and Grey Wolves. While the process of yellowing, or citrination, often appears in medieval recipes, it seems to have interested commentators less than the more familiar processes of blackening, whitening, or reddening. Yet beyond these canonical colours, yellowness turns out to be ubiquitous in alchemy and its associated craft practices, both in Latin texts and vernacular translations. This paper uses source criticism and experimental reconstruction to interrogate the role of yellowness at the beginning, middle, and end of practice, focusing on fifteenth- and sixteenth-century England. As starting ingredients, yellow vitriol and litharge offered the potential for transmutation but also posed problems for identification and preparation. As an intermediate stage, yellowness offered promising signs of future success, in the form of dramatic colour changes and unexpected products. But yellowness also offered an end in itself, as appears from the many citrination processes attested in recipe collections which aimed to imitate the properties of gold – suggesting that yellowing was prized as a significant indicator of chemical change across diverse areas of craft practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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17. Trying to get a piece of paper from City Hall? The availability, accessibility, and administration of the register office wedding.
- Author
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Probert, Rebecca, Pywell, Stephanie, Akhtar, Rajnaara, Blake, Sharon, Barton, Tania, and Vora, Vishal
- Subjects
- *
CITY halls , *MARRIED people , *WEDDINGS , *DOMESTIC relations , *LEGAL procedure - Abstract
In principle, it is possible for a couple to get married in a register office in England or Wales for £127 (including the cost of giving notice and a certificate). In this article, we draw on empirical research to show how limited this option is in practice. Its availability is constrained by the scarcity of register offices limited slots for weddings, and the addition of other fees not provided for in the regulations. Its accessibility is often not obvious from local authorities' websites, and the administration of such a wedding varies hugely, with some local authorities treating it as a no-frills legal procedure, and others regarding it as a significant ceremony that is incomplete without music or a reflective introductory speech by the superintendent registrar – even if the couple wanted neither. With significant numbers of couples having a register office wedding because the marriage ceremony they choose to have to reflect their beliefs is not legally binding, there is a need to address these issues of availability, accessibility and administration so that couples are not put off or discriminated against. Further research is also needed to explore how these issues impact those with limited means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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18. Service user experiences of participating in a Recovery and Collaborative Care Planning Café framed with CHIME: 'A co-produced narrative paper'.
- Author
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Williams, Lyn, Armitage, Claire, Richardson, Azar, Davies, Firoza, Smith, April, and Adnath, Jayshree
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PATIENT participation ,CONVALESCENCE ,SERIAL publications ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,CONSUMER attitudes ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL protocols ,QUALITATIVE research ,NATIONAL health services ,LEARNING strategies ,ADVANCE directives (Medical care) ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,QUALITY assurance ,THEMATIC analysis ,PATIENT-professional relations ,MENTAL health services ,VIDEO recording ,STORYTELLING - Abstract
This paper builds on a previous article describing an innovative approach to enhance the service user and practitioner's experience of novel collaborative approach to service improvement. It aims to explore the impact of this through the voices of service users as collaborators and co-authors. The Recovery and Collaborative Care Planning Café (RCCPC) designed with World Café principles, created a safe space to foster inquiry and learning about recovery between service users, carers, and practitioners in an NHS Trust. An important part of the method was in changing conversations towards recovery and living well with conditions applying CHIME concepts (Connectedness, Hope, Identity, Meaning, and Empowerment). Story is a qualitative method known as a well-established effective means of engaging others in sharing experiences and perspectives. Through the stories of service users' experiences participating in the RCCP Cafe, it was clear that they felt that CHIME concepts had a positive impact on the way that their conversations evolved. Accounts of how these conversations had resulted in personal growth and increased connectedness emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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19. Three early papers on self-neglect.
- Author
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Martineau, Stephen
- Subjects
- *
COMPULSIVE hoarding , *JUDGMENT (Psychology) , *SOCIAL norms , *SELF-neglect , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *OBSESSIVE-compulsive disorder - Abstract
Purpose: The paper examines three English research papers on self-neglect, from 1957, 1966 and 1975, discussing them in the context of more recent thinking and the statutory framework in England. Design/methodology/approach: In reviewing the three research papers, developments and points of continuity in the field of self-neglect were identified and are discussed in this paper. Findings: In light of the findings of the three articles, the present paper traces some of the classificatory refinements in this field that have taken place since the papers were published, notably in respect of hoarding and severe domestic squalor. Some of the difficulties in making judgements about behaviour thought to breach societal norms are described, and the challenges practitioners face in intervening in cases, particularly where the person concerned is refusing assistance, are examined. Originality/value: By drawing on the historical research context, the paper contributes to our current understanding of the field of self-neglect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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20. Matthew Picton's Urban Narratives. Or how a three-dimensional paper map can beam you into the London bombing nights of 1940.
- Author
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Streifeneder, Thomas and Piatti, Barbara
- Subjects
- *
MAPS , *SCULPTURE , *BOMBINGS , *AERIAL bombing in art , *STORYTELLING in art - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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21. Safe nurse staffing policies for hospitals in England, Ireland, California, Victoria and Queensland: A discussion paper.
- Author
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Van den Heede K, Cornelis J, Bouckaert N, Bruyneel L, Van de Voorde C, and Sermeus W
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- California, England, Hospitals, Humans, Ireland, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling, Policy, Queensland, Victoria, Workforce, Nurses, Nursing Staff, Hospital
- Abstract
Objective: The association between higher registered nurses (RN) staffing (educational level and number) and better patient and nurse outcomes is well-documented. This discussion paper aims to provide an overview of safe staffing policies in various high-income countries to identify reform trends in response to recurring nurse workforce challenges., Methods: Based on a scan of the literature five cases were selected: England (UK), Ireland, California (USA), Victoria and Queensland (Australia). Information was gathered via a review of the grey and peer-reviewed literature. Country experts were consulted for additional information and to review country reports., Results: The focus of safe staffing policies varies: increasing transparency about staffing decisions (England), matching actual and required staffing levels based on patient acuity measurement (Ireland), mandated patient-to-nurse ratios at the level of the nurse (California) or the ward (Victoria, Queensland). Calibration of the number of patients by the number of nurses varies across cases. Nevertheless, positive effects on the nursing workforce (increased bedside staffing) and staff well-being (increased job satisfaction) have been consistently documented. The impact on patient outcomes is promising but less well evidenced., Conclusion: Countries will have to set safe staffing policies to tackle challenges such as the ageing population and workforce shortages. Various approaches may prove effective, but need to be accompanied by a comprehensive policy that enhances bedside nurse staffing in an evidence-based, objective and transparent way., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors report no declarations of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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22. Analysis and critique of 'Transforming children and young people's mental health provision: A green paper': Some implications for refugee children and young people.
- Author
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Cox P and McDonald JM
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- Adolescent, Child, England, Humans, Wales, Wounds and Injuries, Culturally Competent Care, Mental Health Services, Refugees psychology, Social Stigma
- Abstract
Adopting a children's rights perspective, a critique and analysis underpinned by documentary research methodology was undertaken in order to assess the extent to which the government's Green Paper (Department of Health and Social Care and Department of Education, 2017. Transforming children and young people's mental health provision: a green paper. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/transforming-children-and-young-peoples-mental-health-provision-a-green-paper (accessed 7 December 2017)) addresses the mental health and well-being needs of refugee children and young people in England and Wales, identifying strengths, limitations and challenges for future policy and practice. Findings suggest that there is much of potential benefit to refugee children and young people's future mental health and well-being. However, a paradigm shift, explicit in implications, scale and time frame, will be required, if the Green Paper is to achieve those changes in attitudes, practice and service delivery which it anticipates. We argue that this Green Paper's overarching challenge is that it is premised on Western-centric models in its understanding of the experiences of refugee children and young people, and management of trauma and mental health. It fails to recognize the meanings and significance of culture, and of diversity and difference, and the need to invest in all communities in facilitating engagement and support for children and young people's mental health issues.
- Published
- 2020
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23. A protocol paper: community engagement interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention in socially disadvantaged populations in the UK: an implementation research study.
- Author
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Nahar P, van Marwijk H, Gibson L, Musinguzi G, Anthierens S, Ford E, Bremner SA, Bowyer M, Le Reste JY, Sodi T, and Bastiaens H
- Subjects
- Cardiovascular Diseases psychology, England, United Kingdom, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Community Participation, Counseling, Risk Assessment, State Medicine statistics & numerical data, Vulnerable Populations statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disorders (CVD) are the single greatest cause of mortality worldwide. In the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) has launched an initiative of health checks over and above current care to tackle CVD. However, the uptake of Health Checks is poor in disadvantaged communities. This protocol paper sets out a UK-based study (Sussex and Nottingham) aiming to co-produce a community delivered CVD risk assessment and coaching intervention to support community members to reduce their risk of CVD.The overall aim of the project is to implement a tailored-to-context community engagement (CE) intervention on awareness of CVD risks in vulnerable populations in high, middle and low-income countries. The specific objectives of the study are to enhance stakeholder' engagement; to implement lifestyle interventions for cardiovascular primary prevention, in disadvantaged populations and motivate uptake of NHS health checks., Methods: This study uses both qualitative and quantitative methods in three phases of evaluation, including pre-, per- and post-implementation. To ensure contextual appropriateness the 'Scaling-up Packages of Interventions for Cardiovascular disease prevention in selected sites in Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa: An implementation research' (SPICES) project will organize a multi-component community-engagement intervention. For the qualitative component, the pre-implementation phase will involve a contextual assessment and stakeholder mapping, exploring potentials for CVD risk profiling strategies and led by trained Community Health Volunteers (CHV) to identify accessibility and acceptability. The per-implementation phase will involve healthy lifestyle counselling provided by CHVs and evaluation of the outcome to identify fidelity and scalability. The post-implementation phase will involve developing sustainable community-based strategies for CVD risk reduction. All three components will include a process evaluation. A stepped wedge cluster randomised trial of the roll out will focus on implementation outcomes including uptake and engagement and changes in risk profiles. The quantitative component includes pre and post-intervention surveys. The theory of the socio-ecological framework will be applied to analyse the community engagement approach., Discussion: Based on the results ultimately a sustainable community engagement-based strategy for the primary prevention of CVD risk will be developed to enhance the performance of NHS health care in the UK. The Trial Registration number is ISRCTN68334579., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2020.)
- Published
- 2020
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24. Weekly Policy Papers.
- Subjects
LEGITIMACY of governments ,EDUCATION ,FINANCE ,UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
The article explores policy papers published by Government departments connected with education, training and children's services including Introduction to Student Finance in England, Youth Unemployment Statistics, Student Support for Undergraduates Across the UK, 18 Months into the Pandemic, Higher Education, Geographical Mobility and Early Career Earnings.
- Published
- 2021
25. Response to Correspondence from Kolstoe and colleagues concerning our paper entitled, Research approvals iceberg: How a 'low-key' study in England needed 89 professionals to approve it and how we can do better.
- Author
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Petrova M and Barclay S
- Subjects
- England, Ethics, Medical, Humans, Records, Ethics Committees, Research, Ethics, Research
- Abstract
In their letter to the Editor in this issue, Kolstoe and Carpenter challenge a core aspect of our recently published case study of research approvals [BMC Medical Ethics 20:7] by arguing that we conflate research ethics with governance and funding processes. Amongst the key concerns of the authors are: 1) that our paper exemplifies a typical conflation of concepts such as governance, integrity and ethics, with significant consequences for claims around the responsibility and accountability of the organisations involved; 2) that, as a consequence of this conflation, we misrepresent the ethics review process, including in fundamental aspects such as the ethics approval-opinion distinction; 3) that it is difficult to see scope for greater integration of processes such as applying for funding, research approvals, Patient and Public Involvement, etc., as suggested by us. Here we present an alternative point of view towards the concerns raised.
- Published
- 2019
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26. Osler Centenary Papers: Osler as medical leader.
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Singer DR
- Subjects
- Canada, England, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Societies, Medical history, Education, Medical history, Leadership, Physicians history
- Abstract
The Canadian physician Sir William Osler is a key figure in the history of modern medicine. He encouraged lifelong learning for doctors, starting with bedside teaching. Contemporary with Old World figures such as Pasteur in Paris and Virchow in Berlin, he played a major role in raising awareness among clinicians of the importance of the scientific basis for the practice of medicine. He championed a rational approach to treatment and did much to encourage avoidance of 'unnecessary drugging' by prescribers. He is credited with playing a key role in improving education of medical students and postgraduate education of doctors, with important benefits for the care of hospital patients. He also had a major influence on his medical colleagues through founding and leading medical societies. A century on from his death in December 1919, his specific contributions and how he achieved them are not well known. The aim of this article is to consider the evidence that Osler was an influential medical leader and to reflect on the extent to which the achievements which resulted from his leadership are relevant to modern clinical medicine. Questions of interest include his leadership style, what made for his success as a leader, his medical achievements both in North America and in England, his own insight into leadership and how he was viewed by his peers., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Comparison of Rheumatoid Arthritis Information Recorded in UK CPRD Aurum and CPRD GOLD Databases (Companion Paper 3).
- Author
-
Vasilakis-Scaramozza, Catherine, Hagberg, Katrina Wilcox, Persson, Rebecca, Kafatos, George, Maskell, Joe, Neasham, David, and Jick, Susan
- Subjects
RHEUMATOID arthritis ,ANTIRHEUMATIC agents ,GOLD ,DRUGS ,DATABASES - Abstract
Purpose: To report distribution of codes associated with a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis recorded in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum compared to the previously validated CPRD GOLD database as a critical step toward making decisions about CPRD Aurum's suitability for medical research.Patients and Methods: We analyzed the distribution of codes for RA diagnoses, labs, and treatments in the new CPRD Aurum database, compared to the CPRD GOLD database by selecting relevant indicators of RA diagnosis, treatment, and clinical care. We included all patients in England in CPRD Aurum and CPRD GOLD with an incident diagnosis code for RA on or after 1 January 2005 and at least two years recorded data before first RA diagnosis.Results: We found 53,083 and 18,167 patients with a new diagnosis code for RA in CPRD Aurum and CPRD GOLD, respectively. In both databases approximately 67% were female with similar mean ages at first diagnosis. There were few differences in RA-related recording patterns between the two data sources. Before first RA diagnosis, CPRD Aurum patients had more RA-specific labs and other supporting clinical codes. After diagnosis, CPRD Aurum patients had more RA diagnoses coded and more often had 10+ general RA labs than patients in CPRD GOLD. More CPRD GOLD patients had 10+ prescriptions for conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARD) compared to CPRD Aurum. Otherwise, the distribution of drugs used to treat RA was similar between databases. The standardized incidence of RA was similar between databases.Conclusion: Overall, among patients with a diagnosis code for RA, recording of diagnoses, prescription drugs, and labs were similar between CPRD Aurum and CPRD GOLD. Slight differences were found for a few variables, but overall, we found consistency between the databases. In addition, standardized incidence of RA was similar between databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Investigating how the interaction between individual and circumstantial determinants influence the emergence of digital poverty: a post-pandemic survey among families with children in England.
- Author
-
Ruiu, Maria Laura, Ragnedda, Massimo, Addeo, Felice, and Ruiu, Gabriele
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,CHILDREN with disabilities ,ELECTRONIC paper ,POVERTY ,SOCIAL structure - Abstract
This paper explores Digital Poverty (DP) in England by adopting the DP Alliance's theoretical framework that includes both Individual Determinants (individual capability and motivation) and Circumstantial Determinants (conditions of action). Such a framework is interpreted as an expression of Strong Structuration Theory (SST), by situating the connection between social structure and human agency in an intertwined relationship. We focus on new potential vulnerabilities that are connected to DP in England by drawing on a survey conducted on a randomised stratified sample (n = 1988) of parents aged between 20–55 with children at school. Exploring parents' experience in the COVID-19 era, we identified economic factors and having children with disabilities as important predictors connected to Digital Poverty. Additional socio-demographic traits (such as age and education), parental status, lifestyles and digital behaviours also play a role in predicting some of the determinants linked to Digital Poverty. This paper adds to SST by empirically exploring how individuals use the Internet according to their metabolised embodiment of external determinants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Weekly Policy Papers.
- Subjects
EDUCATION ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article focuses on the Publisher Weekly Policy Papers report, which provides details of policy papers published in the England over the last week.
- Published
- 2023
30. Taxonomy of the form and function of primary care services in or alongside emergency departments: concepts paper.
- Author
-
Cooper A, Edwards M, Brandling J, Carson-Stevens A, Cooke M, Davies F, Hughes T, Morton K, Siriwardena A, Voss S, Benger J, and Edwards A
- Subjects
- Emergency Medical Services organization & administration, Emergency Service, Hospital organization & administration, England, Models, Organizational, Primary Health Care organization & administration, Wales, Emergency Medical Services classification, Emergency Service, Hospital classification, Primary Health Care classification
- Abstract
Primary care services in or alongside emergency departments look and function differently and are described using inconsistent terminology. Research to determine effectiveness of these models is hampered by outdated classification systems, limiting the opportunity for data synthesis to draw conclusions and inform decision-making and policy. We used findings from a literature review, a national survey of Type 1 emergency departments in England and Wales, staff interviews, other routine data sources and discussions from two stakeholder events to inform the taxonomy. We categorised the forms inside or outside the emergency department: inside primary care services may be integrated with emergency department patient flow or may run parallel to that activity; outside services may be offered on site or off site. We then describe a conceptual spectrum of integration: identifying constructs that influence how the services function-from being closer to an emergency medicine service or to usual primary care. This taxonomy provides a basis for future evaluation of service models that will comprise the evidence base to inform policy-making in this domain. Commissioners and service providers can consider these constructs in characterising and designing services depending on local circumstances and context., Competing Interests: Competing interests: JB is seconded part time to the post of National Clinical Director for Urgent Care at NHS England., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. A study to evaluate the effectiveness of Best Beginnings' Baby Buddy phone app in England: a protocol paper.
- Author
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Deave T, Kendal S, Lingam R, Day C, Goodenough T, Bailey E, Ginja S, Nightingale S, and Coad J
- Subjects
- Cohort Studies, England, Female, Humans, Infant, Pregnancy, Young Adult, Health Communication methods, Mobile Applications, Mothers psychology, Research Design, Self Efficacy
- Abstract
IntroductionDevelopments in information and communication technologies have enabled electronic health and seen a huge expansion over the last decade. This has increased the possibility of self-management of health issues.PurposeTo assess the effectiveness of the Baby Buddy app on maternal self-efficacy and mental well-being three months post-birth in a sample of mothers recruited antenatally. In addition, to explore when, why and how mothers use the app and consider any benefits the app may offer them in relation to their parenting, health, relationships or communication with their child, friends, family members or health professionals. METHODS: We will use a mixed-methods approach, a cohort study, a qualitative element and analysis of in-app data. Participants will be first-time pregnant women, aged 16 years and over, between 12 and 16 weeks of gestation and recruited from five English study sites.Evaluation planWe will compare maternal self-efficacy and mental health at three months post-delivery in mothers who have downloaded the Baby Buddy app compared with those that have not downloaded the app, controlling for confounding factors. Women will be recruited antenatally between 12 and 16 weeks of gestation. Further follow-ups will take place at 35 weeks of gestation and three months post-birth. Data from the cohort study will be supplemented by in-app data that will include, for example, patterns of usage. Qualitative data will assess the impact of the app on the lives of pregnant women and health professionals using both focus groups and interviews.EthicsApproval from the West Midlands-South Birmingham Research Ethics Committee (NRES) (16/WM/0029) and the University of the West of England, Bristol, Research Ethics Committee (HAS.16.08.001).DisseminationFindings of the study will be published in peer reviewed and professional journals, presented locally, nationally and at international conferences. Participants will receive a summary of the findings and the results will be published on Best Beginnings' website.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Beyond digital shadows: A Digital Twin for monitoring earthwork operation in large infrastructure projects.
- Author
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Rogage, Kay, Mahamedi, Elham, Brilakis, Ioannis, and Kassem, Mohamad
- Subjects
DIGITAL twins ,DIGITAL footprint ,EARTHWORK ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,ELECTRONIC paper - Abstract
Current research on Digital Twin (DT) is largely focused on the performance of built assets in their operational phases as well as on urban environment. However, Digital Twin has not been given enough attention to construction phases, for which this paper proposes a Digital Twin framework for the construction phase, develops a DT prototype and tests it for the use case of measuring the productivity and monitoring of earthwork operation. The DT framework and its prototype are underpinned by the principles of versatility, scalability, usability and automation to enable the DT to fulfil the requirements of large-sized earthwork projects and the dynamic nature of their operation. Cloud computing and dashboard visualisation were deployed to enable automated and repeatable data pipelines and data analytics at scale and to provide insights in near-real time. The testing of the DT prototype in a motorway project in the Northeast of England successfully demonstrated its ability to produce key insights by using the following approaches: (i) To predict equipment utilisation ratios and productivities; (ii) To detect the percentage of time spent on different tasks (i.e., loading, hauling, dumping, returning or idling), the distance travelled by equipment over time and the speed distribution; and (iii) To visualise certain earthwork operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Reimagining Undergraduate Health and Social Care Education: A Workforce Fit for Purpose in a Changing Landscape of Care. A Position Paper.
- Author
-
King, Martin, Chambers, Alison, Miller, Eula, Hook, Angela, Jackson, Laura, Gurbutt, Russell, and Woods-Gallagher, Shirley
- Subjects
- *
UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *CURRICULUM planning , *INTEGRATED health care delivery , *LABOR supply , *MEDICAL education , *SOCIAL work education - Abstract
NHS England’s Five Year Forward View outlines new care models and the need for a workforce that has the skills, values, and competencies to deliver this vision. This is a position paper detailing the context, method, and intentions of a Health Education England funded project led by Manchester Metropolitan University in the North West of England, which the authors see as making a key contribution to addressing issues of illness, crisis, and loss in the changing landscape of health and social care provision in England. Using an action research methodology and drawing together key stakeholders from the sector, the project aims to explore the potential for creating a professional health and social care graduate workforce which meets the needs of an integrated service delivery landscape by identifying key issues to be addressed when redeveloping the undergraduate curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Using primary care-based paper and telephone interventions to increase uptake of bowel scope screening in Yorkshire: a protocol of a randomised controlled trial.
- Author
-
McGregor LM, Kerrison RS, Green T, Macleod U, Hughes M, Gibbins M, Morris S, Rees C, and von Wagner C
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, England, General Practitioners, State Medicine, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Colonoscopy statistics & numerical data, Colorectal Neoplasms diagnosis, Correspondence as Topic, Early Detection of Cancer statistics & numerical data, Patient Navigation, Referral and Consultation, Telephone
- Abstract
Introduction: Evidence suggests bowel scope screening (BSS) can significantly reduce an individual's risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). BSS for 55 year olds was therefore introduced to the English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) in 2013. However, the benefits are only gained from test completion and uptake is low (43%). Primary care involvement has consistently shown benefits to cancer screening uptake and so this study aims to build on this knowledge and evaluate general practitioner (GP) practice led interventions designed to increase BSS attendance., Methods and Analysis: A three-arm randomised controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate three interventions: one intervention for prospective BSS invitees (primer letter with locally tailored leaflet sent by an individual's GP practice) and two interventions for those who do not attend their BSS appointment (a self-referral letter sent by an individual's GP practice and a patient navigation call made on behalf of an individual's GP practice). The trial will be set in Yorkshire. Individuals soon to receive their invitation to attend BSS at one of the Hull and East Yorkshire Bowel Cancer Screening centre sites, will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (usual care; no input from GP practice), Intervention group A (primer letter/leaflet and a self-referral letter), Intervention group B (primer letter/leaflet and a patient navigation call). Attendance data will be obtained from the BCSP database (via National Health Service (NHS) Digital) 3 months after the last intervention. Regression analysis will compare uptake, and additional clinical outcomes, across the three groups. The analysis will be multivariate and adjust for several covariates including gender and area-level deprivation., Ethics and Dissemination: NHS ethical approval has been obtained from London-Harrow Research Ethics Committee. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences., Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN16252122; Pre-results., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The truth project paper one--how did victims and survivors experience participation? Addressing epistemic relational inequality in the field of child sexual abuse.
- Author
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Barker, Claire, Ford, Stephanie, Eglinton, Rebekah, Quail, Sally, and Taggart, Daniel
- Subjects
CHILD sexual abuse ,ADULT child abuse victims ,ABUSED children ,JUSTICE ,PARTICIPATION - Abstract
The last 30 years has seen an exponential increase in Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiries.1 One feature of these has been to place adult survivor voices at the center of Inquiry work, meaning that child abuse victims and survivors2 are engaging with Inquiries, sharing their experiences, with this participation often presented as empowering and healing. This initiative challenges long held beliefs that child sexual abuse survivors are unreliable witnesses, which has led to epistemic injustice and a hermeneutical lacunae in survivor testimony. However to date there has been limited research on what survivors say about their experiences of participation. The Truth Project was one area of work of the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse3 in England and Wales. It invited survivors of Child Sexual Abuse to share their experiences including the impacts of abuse and their recommendations for change. The Truth Project concluded in 2021 and heard from more than 6,000 victims of child sexual abuse. The evaluation of the Trauma Informed Approach designed to support survivors through their engagement with the project was a mixed methods, two phase methodology. A total of 66 survey responses were received. Follow-up interviews were conducted with seven survey respondents. The Trauma Informed Approach was found to be predominantly helpful in attending to victim needs and minimizing harm. However, a small number of participants reported harmful effects post-session. The positive impacts reported about taking part in the Truth Project as a one-off engagement challenges beliefs that survivors of child sexual abuse cannot safely talk about their experiences. It also provides evidence of the central role survivors should have in designing services for trauma victims. This study contributes to the epistemic justice literature which emphasizes the central role of relational ethics in the politics of knowing, and the importance of developing a testimonial sensibility when listening to marginalized groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Policy papers published last week.
- Subjects
PUBLIC welfare policy ,EDUCATION - Abstract
The article focuses on British government releasing several policy papers related to education and children's welfare in England including introducing T Levels and progress report on The Best Start for Life program and the government's efforts to improve services for families.
- Published
- 2023
37. BSRM Annual Meeting London – 2015 – Poster & Free Paper Abstracts: Free Paper (Podium presentations).
- Subjects
- *
CONFERENCES & conventions , *REHABILITATION , *SOCIETIES - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Being more human – why children’s social care should be more about people and less about paper-work.
- Author
-
Wright, Chris
- Subjects
- *
CHILD welfare , *SOCIAL case work , *CHILDREN'S accident prevention , *COMMUNITY health services , *MEDICAL quality control , *QUALITY assurance , *RISK assessment , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *SOCIAL services case management , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to argue for a strengthening of the relational aspect of social work and for initiatives that involve local people and local communities.Design/methodology/approach A think piece based on observations of the current situation and supporting evidence.Findings Social work has become distanced from those whom it seeks to help. Case management and risk assessment need to be complemented by a more human approach based on positive relationships between professionals and service users.Originality/value An informed discussion on the future of social work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A critical reconceptualization of the International Baccalaureate as a potential force for democratisation in global-heritage schools.
- Author
-
Barnard, Mathew
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL baccalaureate ,DEMOCRATIZATION ,CULTURAL property ,GLOBAL studies - Abstract
This paper aims to make a conceptual contribution to the role of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) in regard to global education within state global heritage (multicultural) schools – using England as a representative example – in an age characterised by epistemological, historical and cultural securitisation. This paper recruits ideas and concepts taken from Lefebvre and Bourdieu in a discussion focussed on the IBO's potential role in resistance to the dominant neoliberal imaginary and cultural securitisation. However, in order to be a force for democratisation, the IBO must itself democratise through a reconceptualisation of the school spaces it operates in/produces. It will also involve a process of reassessing its notion/positioning of what constitutes symbolic (and therefore valuable) cultural capital. This will mean untethering global education from the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme. This paper highlights the possibility of a new space for global education, operationalised by moving beyond the 'IB school' to the potential of the more informal IB supported school. It is argued here that the IBO has the potential to galvanise a new wave of inclusive global education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. How smart is England’s approach to smart specialization? A policy paper.
- Author
-
Marlow, David and Richardson, Kevin
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC investments , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *ECONOMIC development , *LEADERSHIP , *RURAL development , *REGIONAL planning , *ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
A previous paper on RIS3 assessed its potential to influence growth strategies and their delivery. It held that significant further investment work was needed in tools and techniques, data and intelligence, and innovation in leadership capacity and capabilities. It further asserted that such investment was needed to be part of a commitment to a long-run learning and evaluation process. This paper considers synergies and dissonances between these national approaches to development in England. In particular, it explores how far RIS represents a step change from previous approaches to innovation-led growth. Alternatively, is it more accurately an incremental facelift and rebranding of previous orthodoxies? Does it add value to or detract from national policy for England? What roles might the approach play in the so-called ‘devolution revolution’? Can the (small scale, ‘light touch’) Advisory Hub approach support and promote those roles? What, if anything, might the England experience have for other nations and regions of Europe? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Counterblast: Some Discussion of the Home Office Discussion Paper 'Opportunity/Security as a Driver of Crime'.
- Author
-
FARRELL, GRAHAM
- Subjects
- *
CRIME prevention , *LAW enforcement , *HEROIN - Abstract
The article presents information on the Discussion Paper issued by the Great Britain Home Office in 2015. Topics discussed in the paper include situational crime prevention, crime dtop in England and Wales, and drug misuse. Also being discussed are law enforcement, illicit heroin, and heroin-related acquisitive crime.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Current policy and legislation in England regarding older people - what this means for older people with learning disabilities: a discussion paper.
- Author
-
Turner, Sue and Cooper Ueki, Madeline
- Subjects
- *
OLDER people with intellectual disabilities , *OLDER people with disabilities , *PEOPLE with learning disabilities , *DEVELOPMENTALLY disabled older people , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *CARE of dementia patients , *SOCIAL isolation , *OLDER people , *GOVERNMENT policy , *SERVICES for people with disabilities , *DIAGNOSIS of dementia , *TREATMENT of dementia , *EMPLOYMENT , *DISABILITY laws , *HEALTH planning , *HOUSING , *INTEGRATED health care delivery , *LONELINESS , *PEOPLE with intellectual disabilities , *POLICY sciences , *SOCIAL support , *PATIENT-centered care , *OLD age , *PREVENTION - Abstract
People with learning disabilities are living longer. Older people with learning disabilities should be included in policies and plans that are for all older people. National plans and policies for older people often do not say anything about older people with learning disabilities, and it is hard to know whether older people with learning disabilities are benefiting. People who plan services locally often do not have good information on older people with learning disabilities. Using the Equalities Act 2010 could help people who plan services and write policy to think about older people with learning disabilities but this is not happening at the moment. People who work with older people with learning disabilities should be aware of policy for all older people, so that older people with learning disabilities do not miss out. This paper seeks to explore the opportunities and challenges generated by current policy, guidance and legislation in England relating to older people, in terms of the practical implications for older people with learning disabilities. Using the broad themes housing, employment, social inclusion and isolation, care and support, and promoting better health and well-being, this paper discusses potential practical opportunities and concerns for older people with learning disabilities arising from policy and legislation such as current initiatives regarding integration, personalisation and the dementia policy. Consideration is given to the implications of changing policy and practice for both current and future generations of people with a learning disability as they reach older age. This discussion paper concludes that whilst there is potential for older people with a learning disability to benefit from policy and practice aimed at improving the lives of older people generally, the tendency for policy to be targeted at specific groups without adequately considering the diversity of those groups often leaves those with a learning disability at the margins of being able to make the most of changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The appliance of science: exploring the use of context in reformed GCSE science examinations.
- Author
-
Crisp, Victoria and Greatorex, Jackie
- Subjects
GENERAL Certificate of Secondary Education ,OUTCOME-based education ,EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements ,ACADEMIC achievement ,EDUCATIONAL evaluation ,SECONDARY education - Abstract
As part of GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) reforms in England, requirements for assessing application in science increased. Setting examination questions in context facilitates testing application as students need to apply what they know and understand to a particular situation. This research explored the nature of the contexts used in reformed GCSE combined science examinations and compared contexts used in a specification which specifically emphasises contextualised learning to those in other specifications. Eight combined science specimen examination papers were selected, including four from GCSE Twenty First Century Science (21C). A qualitative coding frame was used to code each contextualised item. Various strategies for testing in context were present. Contextual features that might risk introducing construct-irrelevant variance were infrequent but may suggest areas for attention in setter training. 21C papers included a higher proportion of items with detailed contexts and a higher proportion of items set in science-related adult/professional settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. A Journey to Smart Sustainability: First of Three Papers on the Phygital.
- Author
-
Ferrara, Luigi
- Subjects
UNDERGRADUATES ,SUSTAINABILITY ,VIDEO gambling ,COMPUTER-aided design - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. How are Allied Health Professionals represented at board level in NHS Trusts in the West Midlands?
- Author
-
Colesby, Charlotte
- Subjects
NATIONAL health services ,HEALTH services administration ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,QUALITATIVE research ,MEDICAL quality control ,MEETINGS ,LEADERSHIP ,CLINICAL governance ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,DECISION making ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ALLIED health personnel ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,MANAGEMENT ,LABOR supply - Abstract
Purpose: Allied Health Professionals (AHPs) are the third largest professional group in the National Health Service (NHS). This qualitative study aimed to establish the representation of AHPs at NHS Trust board level. Design/methodology/approach: Examination of public Trust board minutes and Care Quality Commission (CQC) reports from a sample of NHS provider Trusts in the West Midlands. One reviewer extracted data concerning all details pertaining to professional staffing groups. Findings: A stark picture of under-representation which is statistically significant emerges. AHP representation to Trust boards via public board meetings was 7% for AHPs, compared to 41% for doctors and 52% for nurses. There were similar results with CQC reports, with the representation of AHPs at 11%, whilst doctors and nurses were significantly higher at 42 and 47%, respectively. Research limitations/implications: The data gathered for this paper was from a small number of NHS provider Trusts in the West Midlands of England, which can be considered a limitation of the study. However, the results of this study are stark and provide a compelling snapshot of the significant under-representation of AHPs to those NHS Trust boards included. Practical implications: AHPs are a significant staff group within the NHS; their representation at board level is of benefit to the Trust boards both in terms of engaging with staff and in terms of managing quality and risk. Recommendations are made that Trust boards ensure they have a board member with responsibility for AHPs who actively engages with, understands and provides challenge, and that the CQC considers the inclusion of examples of AHP activity and staffing levels in their inspection, and that these are confirmed with senior AHPs in the organisation being inspected. Originality/value: This is an original paper and is the first to address the representation of AHPs at Trust board via consideration of board papers and CQC reports, providing a platform for further consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Were the 2022 Summer Heatwaves a Strong Cause of Europe's Excess Deaths?
- Author
-
Aarstad, Jarle
- Subjects
HEAT waves (Meteorology) ,DEATH rate ,MIDDLE age ,SUMMER - Abstract
During the 2022 summer, Europe experienced heatwaves with record temperatures, and a study has argued that they caused about 62,000 deaths between 30 May and 4 September. The total number of excess deaths during the same period was about 137,000, indicating that the heatwaves were a substantial contributor. Not ruling out that explanation entirely, this paper argues that it was unlikely a strong cause. First, if the heatwaves were a strong cause of numerous deaths, one would assume that the older and deprived were relatively likely to die. However, during the 2022 summer heatwaves in England, which were claimed to have caused about 2900 deaths, the oldest age cohort did not have a higher excess death rate than the middle age cohort, and the excess death rate actually decreased with deprivation status. Moreover, Iceland had among Europe's highest excess death rates during the summer, which cannot be attributed to heatwaves. During June, July, and August 2022, comparable southern hemisphere countries furthermore had high excess death rates, which cannot be attributed to heatwaves either, as it was during their winter. Also, Europe's excess death rate was higher during the 2022–2023 winter than during the 2022 summer, and intuitively not attributed to heatwaves, but neither to cold weather, as that winter was abnormally mild. Finally, the paper discusses the puzzling issue that about 56% more women than men, relative to the population, presumably died from the heatwaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Policy papers published last week.
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL change ,HIGHER education - Published
- 2024
48. Policy papers published since 1 January.
- Subjects
EDUCATION policy ,SCHOOL food ,EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements ,STUDENT housing ,PRIMARY education ,SECONDARY education - Abstract
This section offers information on research works about educational policy published in Great Britain since January 1, 2020. These include a report by Robert Long on school meals and nutritional standards in England, a research by Nerys Roberts about assessment and testing in primary education in England, and a paper by Susan Hubble, et. al, on student accommodation.
- Published
- 2020
49. Computer Versus Paper-Based Testing: Are They Equivalent When it Comes to Working Memory?
- Author
-
Carpenter, Rachel and Alloway, Tracy
- Subjects
SCHOOLS ,COGNITION ,LEARNING assessment ,MEMORY ,MEMORY testing ,SEX distribution ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,COMPUTER assisted testing (Education) ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
School systems across the country are transitioning from paper-based testing (PBT) to computer-based testing (CBT). As this technological shift occurs, more research is necessary to understand the practical and performance implications of administering CBTs. Currently, there is a paucity of research using CBTs to examine working memory (WM) performance, even though CBTs may negatively influence performance. The present study compared a WM CBT and PBT and found enhanced WM performance on the PBT across several verbal and visuospatial WM tests. This pattern was evident even after age was controlled, indicating that test mode effects were persistent across ages (4-11 years). CBTs on WM performance may yield lower scores due to developmental WM differences, increased cognitive workload, test mode effects stemming from individual access to technology, and participant characteristics, such as developmental, biological, or gender differences. The presence of divergent WM in CBT and PBT indicates the need for additional options for children at risk of academic failure because of testing modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Caring for soil life in the Anthropocene: The role of attentiveness in more‐than‐human ethics.
- Author
-
Krzywoszynska, Anna
- Subjects
SOIL degradation ,SOILS ,PAPER arts ,ETHICS ,BIOTIC communities - Abstract
This paper considers the work that attentiveness can and can't do in generating more ethical relations with non‐humans. How to build better relations with non‐humans has been a central debate in geography and cognate disciplines. These concerns include ethical relations with non‐humans who both pervade and create liveable environments, such as soil biota. Scholars have specifically identified attentiveness as key in generating more‐than‐human ethics. However, how attentiveness may arise, and what work attentiveness may be able to do in generating ethical relations, has not been sufficiently explored. Additionally, soils as relational materialities remain underexplored in social sciences. In this paper, I address these two important gaps in scholarship. Investigating the rising concern with soil biota in conventional English farming, I propose the care network as a way of conceptualising and investigating the ethical potential of attentiveness. As concerns grow about soil degradation, and the dangers this is posing to food production and to human survival, land managers are attending to soil ecosystems as part of caring for their farm businesses. While this attentiveness is producing some transformative effects, its potential is limited by the configuration of the soil care network. As long as soil care is configured primarily as farmers' concern, the potential of attentiveness in generating ethical regard to the needs of soil biota will be limited. In the Conclusions, I suggest ways of expanding attentiveness to soils and of building a wider and practical relational ethic of soil care. I also argue we need more attention in geographic research to attentiveness and care as systemic, unequally distributed, and operating at multiple scales. Human life depends on the life of soil ecosystems. This paper draws attention to soils as underexplored in social sciences, and asks how we may form better ethical and practical relations with soil biota. In doing this, it shows the need for a more nuanced understanding of the work that attentiveness can do in generating more‐than‐human care ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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