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This paper analyzes 5046 research publications in physical science that Haryana had published during the last ten years (2005-14). The publications data was sourced from Scopus International database. The findings reveal that Haryana registered 14.28% growth per year and citation impact of 6.0 citations per paper. Haryana's research output in physical science accounted for 19.42% state share and 1.72% country share in S&T during 2005-14. Nearly 13.5% of Haryana's output appeared as International collaborative papers. Chemistry and physics & astronomy accounted for the largest share (37.38% and 33% respectively). The top 20 most productive organizations of Haryana accounted for 83.25% and 86.12% publication and citation share, registered average productivity of 210.5 papers per organization, averaged 6.20 citations per paper, h-index of 13.85, and averaged 10.95% share as international collaborative papers of during 2005-14. The top 20 most productive authors from Haryana-based organizations accounted for 22.39% publications share, 31.75% citations share, registered average productivity of 56.5 papers per author, averaged 8.50 citations per paper, h-index of 11.85%, and 8.67% share as international collaborative papers during 2005-14. Nearly 18% of Haryana's papers in physical science were reported in top 20 journals during 2005-14. Haryana contributed 18 highly cited papers with 100 + citations per paper. Together these 18 papers cumulated 3129 citations, with an average of 173.83 citations per paper during 2005-14. In all, 135 authors (19 foreign) and 66 organizations (13 foreign) had participated in contributing these 18 highly cited papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses the significance of preprints of research papers for science writers. It includes information on the electronic preprints public library service arXiv and also mentions the papers published in "Journal ofthe American Mathematical Society". It also includes information on the launch of preprint server of American Chemical Society ChemRxi.

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Environments with varying temperatures have been shown to beneficially increase the probability of obtaining protein crystals. Therefore, a cycling temperature strategy (CTS) has been proposed for protein crystallization screening. During the practical application of this strategy, it is necessary to know the effective temperature range that promotes crystallization to design a suitable temperature program. In this paper, the effects of different temperature ranges on lysozyme crystallization (or more specifically, nucleation) were investigated. The results show that a small periodic variation in the temperature range of as little as 0.4 K can have a significant effect on the crystallization success rate under some crystallization concentration conditions, confirming that crystallization of lysozyme is very sensitive to temperature variation. Because practical protein crystallization is always performed in an environment with slight temperature variations, the sensitivity of protein crystallization to temperature may provide an explanation for the poor reproducibility of protein crystallization. Further investigation of the CTS on lysozyme crystallization showed that a cycling temperature strategy exerts an effect on protein crystallization by altering the supersaturation caused by changes in temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses contributions by researchers in Central and South Asia to science and technology research. Topics include research in physical sciences and chemistry and scientific output and investment in science and technology in India. Scientific institutions such as Indian Institutes of technology (IITs), L N Gumilyov Eurasian National University in Kazakhstan and Quaid-i-Azam University in Pakistan are mentioned. Charts presenting details of the research are included.

The article discusses contributions by researchers in Central, East and South Europe to science and technology research. Topics include expanding research base, institutional organizations and physical sciences research. Institutions including Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) and Academy of Sciences (RAS) in Russia and National Science Center in Poland are discussed. Academy of Sciences in Hungary is mentioned. Charts presenting details of the research papers are included.

The article presents Hangzhou, China's contribution to the Nature Index based on weighted fractional count of scientific articles published in 2013, with Zhejiang University as the city's largest contributing institution for papers on chemistry and physical sciences. The chemistry papers include the development of a special polymer to help detect gas leaks in refrigeration systems while the physics outputs include graphene and carbon aerogels with potential applications for thermal insulation.

Although speculative ideas of an expanding Earth can be found before World War II, it was only in the 1950s and 1960s that the theory attracted serious attention among a minority of earth scientists. While some of the proponents of the expanding Earth adopted an empiricist attitude by disregarding the physical cause of the assumed expansion, others argued that the cause, either fully or in part, was of cosmological origin. They referred to the possibility that the gravitational constant was slowly decreasing in time, as first suggested by P. Dirac in 1937. As a result of a stronger gravitation in the past, the ancient Earth would have been smaller than today. The gravitational argument for an expanding Earth was proposed by P. Jordan and L. Egyed in the 1950s and during the next 2 decades it was discussed by several physicists, astronomers and earth scientists. Among those who for a period felt attracted by "gravitational expansionism" were A. Holmes, J. Tuzo Wilson and F. Hoyle. The paper examines the idea of a varying gravitational constant and its impact on geophysics in the period from about 1955 to the mid-1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four temperature-dependent KI-induced KI–LnIII heterometallic coordination polymers, {[LnK(OBA)2(μ2-OH2)]·4H2O}n (Ln = Tb(1), Dy(2), H2OBA = 4,4′-oxybisbenzoic acid) and {[Ln3K(OBA)4(μ2-HCOO)(μ3-HCOO)2]·2H2O}n (Ln = Tb(3), Dy(4)), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by controlling the temperature. Notably, compounds 1 and 2, consisting of an unique nine-nuclear cluster secondary building unit (SBU), [Ln4K5(–CO2)16(μ2-H2O)4], linked to each other by OBA2−, can be simplified as a highly 12-connected three-dimensional (3D) network with fcu topology. Comparably, compounds 3 and 4 consist of a rare four-nuclear cluster SBU, [Ln3K(–CO2)6(μ2-HCOO)2(μ3-HCOO)4], which are linked to each other by OBA2− resulting in a highly 10-connected tcg topology. The luminescent properties of 1 and 3 were studied and the solid-state magnetic measurements reveal antiferromagnetic behaviors of 2 and 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile surfactant-assisted ion-exchange method has been developed to prepare rhombic dodecahedral Ag3PO4 sub-microcrystals which are ca. 250–600 nm in size through employing uniform Ag2CO3 sub-microrods which are ca. 250–450 nm in diameter and 1–2 μm in length as a precursor for the first time. A series of contrast experiments indicates that the dosages and types of surfactants and different anion sources have a great influence on the formation of the Ag3PO4 rhombic dodecahedra. Based on time-dependent experiments, a reasonable so-called precipitation–dissolution–recrystallization growth mechanism for the Ag3PO4 rhombic dodecahedra has been proposed. The as-prepared sample exhibits higher photocatalytic activity than both commercial TiO2 (P25) and irregular Ag3PO4 particles toward degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The pseudo-first-order rate constant for RhB photodegradation by the rhombic dodecahedral Ag3PO4 (0.164 min−1) is about 7 and 2.5 times that of P25 and irregular Ag3PO4, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new alkali metal boroantimonates, namely, A2SbB3O8 (A = Na, K, Rb) and β-RbSbB2O6, have been synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reactions. Isostructural A2SbB3O8 (A = Na, K, Rb) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with structures featuring a novel 3D anionic framework composed of SbO6 octahedra and linear B3O8 groups with 1D tunnels of Sb4B4 8-membered-rings (MRs) along the a-axis, which are filled by alkali metal ions. β-RbSbB2O6 crystallizes in the polar space group Cc, revealing novel 3D anionic networks composed of SbO6 octahedra chains and B2O5 groups with 1D tunnels of Sb4B2 6-MRs along the b-axis and 1D tunnels of Sb3B4 7-MRs along the c-axis. Studies on their optical properties and thermal stability, band structure calculations based on DFT methods and linear optical calculations have also been performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined the views in which how management research can learn from the research in physical sciences. The discussions evolved on the understanding of scientific knowledge science in the area of sciences and relation to the study in management research. Management research might not be scientific as in physical sciences such as physics, chemistry or astronomy because the former are inter-related with human behavior and whereas the latter investigates physical objects (non-living objects). The following discussion explored the distinction between management and physical science researches. Synthesizing this discussion, it is depicted that the concept of science has been differently interpreted by various physical sciences are schools of thoughts. It is recommended here that one of the ways to progress management inquiry or research, is to challenge the traditional methodologies and to use scientific approach in observing, measuring, analyzing, and concluding management phenomena. Hence, this reflects from learning of the physical science research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the scientific publishing contributions of West Asia to the Nature Index database in 2014. Topics cited include the region's article and weighted fractional count, the role of international projects such as advanced particle accelerator and educational facilities in intensifying the region's priority on chemistry and physical science research, and the pattern of top five institutions' relative subject area distribution and collaborativeness.

The article discusses the contributions of East and Southeast Asia to the scientific publishing database Nature Index in 2014. Topics include the region's weighted fractional count, dominance of China in scientific publication, particularly in chemistry and physical sciences due to its investment in education and research and development, collaborativeness of top five universities led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the pattern of international collaborations in scientific research.

The UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council has launched a £4 million, 5-year grand challenge multi-disciplinary research consortium (Twenty65) to achieve sustainable clean water for all through the development and demonstration of disruptive socio-technical solutions. The aim of this transformative research is to drive re-visualisation of water service provision and revolutionise the way innovation is delivered in the water sector. This briefing introduces concepts of disruptive innovation that could lead to a new paradigm for water service provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a project involving an alliance between universities and high schools, a magnetized plasma column with a steep pressure gradient was established in an experimental device. A two-dimensional probe measured fluctuations in the plasma column in a plane transverse to the background magnetic field. Correlation techniques determined that the fluctuations were that of electrostatic drift waves. The time series data were used to generate the Bandt-Pompe entropy and Jensen-Shannon complexity for the data. These quantities, when plotted against one another, revealed that a combination of drift waves and other background fluctuations were a deterministically chaotic system. Our analysis can be used to tell the difference between deterministic chaos and random noise, making it a potentially useful technique in nonlinear dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on international cooperative research between China and other countries and the role that China's diaspora is playing in making it a growing center of international collaboration. It states China's largest collaborator is the U.S., with Germany as its next strongest collaborative partner. It mentions the increase in collaboration for research chemistry and the physical sciences. It presents charts of China's global research network and links between China and other nations.

Among the most fascinating nanostructure morphologies are spirals, hybrids of somewhat obscure topology and dimensionality with technologically attractive properties. Here, we investigate mechanical and electromechanical properties of graphene spirals upon elongation by using density-functional tight-binding, continuum elasticity theory, and classical force field molecular dynamics. It turns out that electronic properties are governed by interlayer interactions as opposed to strain effects. The structural behavior is governed by van der Waals interaction: in its absence spirals unfold with equidistant layer spacings, ripple formation at spiral perimeter, and steadily increasing axial force; in its presence, on the contrary, spirals unfold via smooth local peeling, complex geometries, and nearly constant axial force. These electromechanical trends ought to provide useful guidelines not only for additional theoretical investigations but also for forthcoming experiments on graphene spirals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-temperature plasma technique is one of the critical techniques in IC manufacturing process, such as etching and thin-film deposition, and the uniformity greatly impacts the process quality, so the design for the plasma uniformity control is very important but difficult. It is hard to finely and flexibly regulate the spatial distribution of the plasma in the chamber via controlling the discharge parameters or modifying the structure in zero-dimensional space, and it just can adjust the overall level of the process factors. In the view of this problem, a segmented non-uniform dielectric module design solution is proposed for the regulation of the plasma profile in a CCP chamber. The solution achieves refined and flexible regulation of the plasma profile in the radial direction via configuring the relative permittivity and the width of each segment. In order to solve this design problem, a novel simulation-based auto-design approach is proposed, which can automatically design the positional sequence with multi independent variables to make the output target profile in the parameterized simulation model approximate the one that users preset. This approach employs an idea of quasi-closed-loop control system, and works in an iterative mode. It starts from initial values of the design variable sequences, and predicts better sequences via the feedback of the profile error between the output target profile and the expected one. It never stops until the profile error is narrowed in the preset tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of various designing parameters were investigated and explored for high performance solar cells. Single layer grating based solar cell of 50m thickness gives maximum efficiency up to 24% whereas same efficiency is achieved with the use of three bilayers grating based solar cell of 30m thickness. Remarkably, bilayer grating based solar cell design not only gives broadband absorption but also enhancement in efficiency with reduced cell thickness requirement. This absorption enhancement is attributed to the high reflection and diffraction from DBR and grating respectively. The obtained short-circuit current were 29.6, 32.9, 34.6 and 36.05 mA/cm² of 5, 10, 20 and 30m cell thicknesses respectively. These presented designing efforts would be helpful to design and realize new generation of solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This passage presents a design of tunable terahertz metamaterials via transition between indirect and direct electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effects by changing semiconductor InSb's properties to terahertz wave under optical and thermal stimuli. Mechanical model and its electrical circuit model are utilized in analytically calculating maximum transmission of transparency window. Simulated results show consistency with the analytical expressions. The results show that the metamaterials hold 98.4% modulation depth at 189 GHz between 300 K, σInsb =256000 S/m, and 80 K, σInSb =0.0162 S/m conditions, 1360 ps recovery time of the excited electrons in InSb under optical stimulus at 300 K mainly considering the direct EIT effect, and minimum bandwidth 1 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1979, nuclear science research in the United States has been guided by a series of Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) Long Range Plans. In April 2014, NSAC was once again charged by the Department of Energy Office of Science and the National Science Foundation Directorate of Mathematical and Physical Sciences to conduct a new study of the opportunities and priorities for U.S. nuclear science and to recommend a long range plan that will provide a framework for the coordinated advancement of the U.S. nuclear science program over the next decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantum behaviour of electrons in materials is the foundation of modern electronics and information technology.sup.1-11, and quantum materials with topological electronic and optical properties are essential for realizing quantized electronic responses that can be used for next generation technology. Here we report the first observation of topological quantum properties of chiral crystals.sup.6,7 in the RhSi family. We find that this material class hosts a quantum phase of matter that exhibits nearly ideal topological surface properties originating from the crystals' structural chirality. Electrons on the surface of these crystals show a highly unusual helicoid fermionic structure that spirals around two high-symmetry momenta, indicating electronic topological chirality. The existence of bulk multiply degenerate band fermions is guaranteed by the crystal symmetries; however, to determine the topological invariant or charge in these chiral crystals, it is essential to identify and study the helicoid topology of the arc states. The helicoid arcs that we observe on the surface characterize the topological charges of [plus or minus]2, which arise from bulk higher-spin chiral fermions. These topological conductors exhibit giant Fermi arcs of maximum length ([pi]), which are orders of magnitude larger than those found in known chiral Weyl fermion semimetals.sup.5,8-11. Our results demonstrate an electronic topological state of matter on structurally chiral crystals featuring helicoid-arc quantum states. Such exotic multifold chiral fermion semimetal states could be used to detect a quantized photogalvanic optical response, the chiral magnetic effect and other optoelectronic phenomena predicted for this class of materials.sup.6. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal that CoSi and RhSi are nearly ideal topological conductors, with structural chirality and surface helicoid arcs of topological charge [plus or minus]2 arising from bulk multifold chiral states., Author(s): Daniel S. Sanchez [sup.1] , Ilya Belopolski [sup.1] , Tyler A. Cochran [sup.1] , Xitong Xu [sup.2] , Jia-Xin Yin [sup.1] , Guoqing Chang [sup.1] , Weiwei Xie [sup.3] [...]