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Your search keyword '"BALLISTICS"' showing total 4 results
4 results on '"BALLISTICS"'

1. Effects of Re-heating Tissue Samples to Core Body Temperature on High-Velocity Ballistic Projectile-tissue Interactions.

Author

Humphrey, Caitlin, Henneberg, Maciej, Wachsberger, Christian, Maiden, Nicholas, and Kumaratilake, Jaliya

Subjects
*FORENSIC sciences, *BALLISTICS, *TISSUE analysis, *BODY temperature, *PROJECTILES, SWINE anatomy
Abstract

Damage produced by high-speed projectiles on organic tissue will depend on the physical properties of the tissues. Conditioning organic tissue samples to human core body temperature (37°C) prior to conducting ballistic experiments enables their behavior to closely mimic that of living tissues. To minimize autolytic changes after death, the tissues are refrigerated soon after their removal from the body and re-heated to 37°C prior to testing. This research investigates whether heating 50-mm-cube samples of porcine liver, kidney, and heart to 37°C for varying durations (maximum 7 h) can affect the penetration response of a high-speed, steel sphere projectile. Longer conditioning times for heart and liver resulted in a slight loss of velocity/energy of the projectile, but the reverse effect occurred for the kidney. Possible reasons for these trends include autolytic changes causing softening (heart and liver) and dehydration causing an increase in density (kidney). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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2. A comparison of fragmenting lead-based and lead-free bullets for aerial shooting of wild pigs

Author

Andrew J. Bengsen, Andrew L. Perry, Corissa J. Miller, Steve Parker, Steve K Joslyn, Jordan O. Hampton, Grant Eccles, Rob Hunt, Sigbjørn Stokke, Jon M. Arnemo, and Quentin Hart

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Firearms, Metallic Lead, Swine, Science, Sus scrofa, Ballistics, Velocity, Animals, Wild, Biology, Wildlife, Animal Welfare, Research and Analysis Methods, Bullet wound, Motion, Pig Models, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animals, Humans, Animal Management, Mammals, Multidisciplinary, Fish and Wildlife Management, Physics, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Eukaryota, Classical Mechanics, Agriculture, Environmental exposure, Environmental Exposure, Animal Models, Thorax, Chemistry, Lead, Experimental Organism Systems, Shot (pellet), Vertebrates, Amniotes, Physical Sciences, Animal Studies, Medicine, Autopsy, Anatomy, Zoology, Research Article, Chemical Elements
Abstract

In response to the health threats posed by toxic lead to humans, scavenging wildlife and the environment, there is currently a focus on transitioning from lead-based to lead-free bullets for shooting of wild animals. We compared efficiency metrics and terminal ballistic performance for lead-based and lead-free (non-lead) bullets for aerial shooting of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in eastern Australia. Ballistic testing revealed that lead-based and lead-free bullets achieved similar performance in precision and muzzle kinetic energy (E0) levels (3337.2 J and 3345.7 J, respectively). An aerial shooting trial was conducted with wild pigs shot with one type of lead-based and one type of lead-free bullets under identical conditions. Observations were made from 859 shooting events (n = 430 and 429 respectively), with a sub-set of pigs examined via gross post-mortem (n = 100 and 108 respectively), and a further sub-set examined via radiography (n = 94 and 101 respectively). The mean number of bullets fired per pig killed did not differ greatly between lead-based and lead-free bullets respectively (4.09 vs 3.91), nor did the mean number of bullet wound tracts in each animal via post-mortem inspection (3.29 vs 2.98). However, radiography revealed a higher average number of fragments per animal (median >300 vs median = 55) and a broader distribution of fragments with lead-based bullets. Our results suggest that lead-based and lead-free bullets are similarly effective for aerial shooting of wild pigs, but that the bullet types behave differently, with lead-based bullets displaying a higher degree of fragmentation. These results suggest that aerial shooting may be a particularly important contributor to scavenging wildlife being exposed to lead and that investigation of lead-free bullets for this use should continue.

Published
2021

3. Short-term adaptations following Complex Training in team-sports: A meta-analysis

Author

Pedro E. Alcaraz, Tomás T. Freitas, Julio Calleja-González, Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, and Análisis de Alimentos y Nutrición

Subjects
Physiology, Ballistics, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Database and Informatics Methods, Jumping, 0302 clinical medicine, power development, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Vertical jump, Medicine and Health Sciences, Human Performance, Plyometrics, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sprint, Database Searching, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, biology, Physics, Classical Mechanics, Complex Training, Adaptation, Physiological, Sports Science, Complex training, Strength Training, Physical Sciences, Statistics (Mathematics), Research Article, Sports, medicine.medical_specialty, Basketball, Strength training, education, Athletic Performance, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, light resistances, maximal power, medicine, Humans, Sports and Exercise Medicine, Statistical Methods, Exercise, vertical jump performance, Short-term adaptations, clinical-trials, Behavior, Athletes, business.industry, Biological Locomotion, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Resistance Training, 030229 sport sciences, basketball players, Physical Activity, biology.organism_classification, Nutrición y Bromatología, Meta-analysis, Physical Fitness, Physical therapy, Recreation, lcsh:Q, Team-sports, business, human activities, Mathematics, Meta-Analysis
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to study the short-term adaptations on sprint and vertical jump (VJ) performance following Complex Training (CT) in team-sports. CT is a resistance training method aimed at developing both strength and power, which has a direct effect on sprint and VJ. It consists on alternating heavy resistance training exercises with plyometric/power ones, set for set, on the same workout. METHODS: A search of electronic databases up to July 2016 (PubMed-MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Web of Knowledge) was conducted. Inclusion criteria: 1) at least one CT intervention group; 2) training protocols ≥4-wks; 3) sample of team-sport players; 4) sprint or VJ as an outcome variable. Effect sizes (ES) of each intervention were calculated and subgroup analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 9 studies (13 CT groups) met the inclusion criteria. Medium effect sizes (ES) (ES = 0.73) were obtained for pre-post improvements in sprint, and small (ES = 0.41) in VJ, following CT. Experimental-groups presented better post-intervention sprint (ES = 1.01) and VJ (ES = 0.63) performance than control-groups. SPRINT: large ESs were exhibited in younger athletes (12 total sessions (ES = 0.74). VJ: Large ESs in programs with >12 total sessions (ES = 0.81). Medium ESs obtained for under-Division I individuals (ES = 0.56); protocols with intracomplex rest intervals ≥2 min (ES = 0.55); conditioning activities with intensities ≤85% 1RM (ES = 0.64); basketball/volleyball players (ES = 0.55). Small ESs were found for younger athletes (ES = 0.42); interventions ≥6 weeks (ES = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS: CT interventions have positive medium effects on sprint performance and small effects on VJ in team-sport athletes. This training method is a suitable option to include in the season planning. Actividad Física y Deporte

Published
2017

4. The impact of chemical trace evidence on justice outcomes: Exploring the additive value of forensic science disciplines.

Author

Woodman, Peter A., Spiranovic, Caroline, Julian, Roberta, Ballantyne, Kaye N., and Kelty, Sally F.

Subjects
*FORENSIC sciences, *CRIMINAL investigation, *CRIME scenes, *BALLISTICS, *CRIMINAL justice system
Abstract

The focus of this research was to examine the contribution chemical trace evidence makes to criminal justice outcomes. The aim of this work was to place the discipline of chemical trace evidence under the spotlight as there is a dearth of robust research on the impact of this discipline. In this study, data relating to the forensic examinations in a sample of 238 cases which included chemical trace evidence, was collated with data from police investigations and court processes. The findings show that chemical trace evidence is frequently used in combination with other forensic disciplines to support the progress of high-level criminal cases through the justice system. Due to characteristics of how the criminal cases in the dataset were investigated and prosecuted, in combination with the methodology applied in this study, the impact of forensic evidence on the decision to charge suspects could not be analysed quantitatively. However, the impact of forensic evidence on court outcomes in the sample of cases was analysed using methodology that considered the results of the examinations, and the ability of the evidence to provide support for the inclusion or exclusion of persons of interest. The possibility of chemical trace evidence having impact when applied in combination with other forensic disciplines was also examined. It was found that biological examination results was a significant standalone predictor of court outcomes. In contrast, chemical trace examinations did not predict court outcomes when considered as a standalone predictor but examination results of chemical trace evidence in combination with ballistics/tool marks was significantly associated with court outcomes. The findings of this research indicate that, to assess the full impact of any discipline of forensic evidence on the criminal justice system, the analysis must take into account the potential for important synergies that may exist with other forensic and non-forensic evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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