1,335 results
Search Results
2. Paper: violence, abuse and exploitation among trafficked women and girls: a mixed-methods study in Nigeria and Uganda.
- Author
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Kiss L, Fotheringhame D, Kyegombe N, McAlpine A, Abilio L, Kyamulabi A, Walakira EJ, Devries K, and Tanton C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Nigeria, Uganda, Violence, Child Abuse, Sex Offenses
- Abstract
Background: Africa is the global region where modern-slavery is most prevalent, especially among women and girls. Despite the severe health consequences of human trafficking, evidence on the risks and experiences of trafficked adolescents and young women is scarce for the region. This paper addresses this gap by exploring the intersections between violence, migration and exploitation among girls and young women identified as trafficking survivors in Nigeria and Uganda., Methods: We conducted secondary analysis of the largest routine dataset on human trafficking survivors. We used descriptive statistics to report the experiences of female survivors younger than 25 years-old from Nigeria and Uganda. We also conducted 16 semi-structured interviews with adolescents identified as trafficked in both countries. We used thematic analysis to explore participants' perceptions and experiences before, during and after the trafficking situation., Results: Young female survivors of human trafficking in Nigeria and Uganda are exposed to a range of experiences of violence before migration, during transit and at destination. The qualitative data revealed that children and adolescents migrated to escape family poverty, violence and neglect. They had very low levels of education and most had their studies interrupted before migrating. Family members and close social contacts were the most common intermediaries for their migration. During transit, sexual violence and hunger were common, especially among Nigerians. Participants in both the quantitative and qualitative studies reported high levels of violence, deception, coercion, withheld wages and poor working conditions at destination. The adolescents interviewed in the qualitative study reported severe mental suffering, including suicide attempts. Only one reported the prosecution of perpetrators., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that interventions to prevent or mitigate the negative impact of adverse childhood experiences can contribute to preventing the trafficking of adolescents in Nigeria and Uganda. These interventions include social protection mechanisms, universal access to education, social service referrals and education of parents and carers. Importantly, effective prevention also needs to address the systemic conditions that makes trafficking of female adolescents invisible, profitable and inconsequential for perpetrators., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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3. Prevention and Treatment of Child Maltreatment--The Role of the School Nurse. Position Statement
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National Association of School Nurses, Freeland, Mary, Easterling, Traci, Reiner, Kathy, and Amidon, Christine
- Abstract
It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) that prevention, early identification, intervention and care of child maltreatment are critical to the physical/emotional well-being and academic success of students. Registered professional school nurses (hereinafter referred to as school nurses) practice within the "NASN Framework for 21st Century School Nurse Practice™" and serve a vital role in the recognition of early signs of child maltreatment, assessment, identification, intervention, reporting, referral, and follow-up of children in need. Serving as members of interdisciplinary teams, school nurses also collaborate with school personnel, community stakeholders, healthcare professionals, students, and families to promote the safety and protection of children. The presence of a school nurse in every school all day, every day allows the school nurse to build trusting and supportive relationships with children/youth who may be victims of child maltreatment. Research has shown that these relationships can optimize student health, safety, and learning (CDC, 2014; Maughan et al., 2017).
- Published
- 2018
4. Standing in Responsibility: Lessons Learned in Developing a Gamified Simulation on the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA)
- Author
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Pamela H. Bowers, Debbie Gonzalez, and Teresa Georgopoulos
- Abstract
What does it take to develop an asynchronous curriculum for social work students, with attention to precision, policy accuracy, and community accountability? We attempt to answer the question by documenting our process of community collaboration and partnership to develop a gamified case study on the Indian Child Welfare Act. The curriculum was developed in one year and is currently being evaluated for efficacy. Lessons learned in the process are consistent with the literature including honoring community timeframes, responsibility, transparency, and openness to change. Future development of similar curricula that incorporates tribal partnerships requires relational accountability with attention to respect and reciprocity. [For the full proceedings, see ED656038.]
- Published
- 2023
5. Psychological Applications and Trends 2022
- Author
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Pracana, Clara and Wang, Michael
- Abstract
This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2022, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.), held in Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal, from 23 to 25 of April 2022. Modern psychology offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are several nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounters and development. InPACT 2022 received 364 submissions, from more than 35 different countries all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take the form of Oral Presentations, Posters and Virtual Presentations. 121 submissions (overall, 33% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation at the conference. The Conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. This book contains the results of the different researches conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to study and develop research in areas related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters that are hereby sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. [This document contains the proceedings of the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2022, held in Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal, from April 23-25, 2022. The proceedings were published by inScience Press. For the 2021 proceedings, see ED622091.]
- Published
- 2022
6. COVID-19 Crisis, Impacts on Catholic Schools, and Potential Responses. Part I: Developed Countries with Focus on the United States
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Wodon, Quentin
- Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis has led to widespread temporary school closures and a deep economic recession. School closures have threatened children's ability to learn and later return to school well prepared. The impact of the economic recession is going to be even more devastating: first for students, but also for the ability of some Catholic schools to maintain their enrollment and remain sustainable financially in countries where they do not benefit from government support. This paper, the first in a set of two, looks at some of the likely impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on Catholic Schools in developed countries with a particular focus on the United States, a country not only hard hit by the crisis but also where Catholic schools are especially vulnerable to downturns. While Catholic schools may be able to respond to the immediate challenge of school closures among others through distance learning options, their ability to maintain enrollment during the economic downturn is less clear. How schools will respond to the twin challenges of ensuring learning during school closures and beyond, and remaining affordable for families at a time of economic stress, may affect whether they are able to maintain their comparative advantage. A key aim of the paper is to make Catholic school teachers and leaders aware of some of the discussions on how to respond to the crisis, and provide links to online resources that may be useful. [For Part II of the series, see EJ1278501.]
- Published
- 2020
7. The negative association of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with the health of mother and child considering maternal childhood maltreatment.
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Köhler-Dauner F, Dalhof Gulde M, Hart L, Ziegenhain U, and Fegert JM
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- Child, Humans, Female, Mothers, SARS-CoV-2, Longitudinal Studies, Pandemics, COVID-19 epidemiology, Child Abuse
- Abstract
Background: Social distancing strategies during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have left families facing a variety of different constraints. Especially in this stressful time, children need a stable parental home to prevent developmental consequences. Additional risk factors such as maternal childhood maltreatment (CM) may affect mother's psychosomatic health and children's physical well-being in this period., Objective: It was aimed to analyze the associations between maternal CM, mother's mental health, and children's physical complaints during the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic., Method: Mothers of a well-documented birth cohort from a longitudinal study were included in this study. Psychosomatic health was assessed with the PHQ-D and children's physical health with the GBB-KJ during the pandemic. N = 159 mothers completed the online survey. To describe the maternal CM, data from a longitudinal survey were used., Results: The calculation of three mediation analyses demonstrate that maternal depression symptoms (c-path: β = 0.10, p = .02; c'-path: β = 0.07, p = .13), somatic symptoms (c-path: β = 0.10, p = .02; c'-path: β = 0.07, p = .13) and psychosomatic symptoms (c-path: β = 0.10, p = .02; c'-path: β = 0.06, p = .19) fully mediate the relationship between CM and children's physical health complaints., Conclusions: Maternal CM experiences seem to be one relevant risk factor during the pandemic and seem to influence the way in which parents deal with stressful situations and increase the risk for depressive symptoms. The present results highlight the importance to provide individually adjusted assistance to help the families to get through the pandemic., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2023
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8. Data omissions and the diagnosis of abusive head trauma.
- Author
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Leventhal JM, Edwards GA, Asnes AG, and Otterman GJ
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- Humans, Infant, Child, Craniocerebral Trauma diagnosis, Child Abuse diagnosis
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- 2023
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9. Need for accuracy in diagnostic evaluation of infant intracranial injuries.
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Squier Frcp FRCPath W and Findley K
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- Infant, Humans, Child, Craniocerebral Trauma diagnosis, Brain Injuries, Child Abuse diagnosis
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- 2023
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10. Burke's Dramatism Framework: A Lens to Analyse Bullying
- Author
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Jacobs, Lynette
- Abstract
Bullying is rife in schools across the world, which has emotional, educational as well as financial implications. Research suggests that the way in which bystanders, and in particular adults, react to such incidents is pivotal in curbing this problem. While a dearth of research focuses on the victims as well as the perpetrators of bullying, one should not ignore how different interactions between role-players influence the situation. The purpose of the paper is to explore the extent to which Burke's Dramatism framework can be used as a lens to gain insight into how role-players respond to bullying incidences, and how this contributes to the drama. I use a series of email discussions with the mother of a bullied child as a case study. [For the complete Volume 15 proceedings, see ED574185.]
- Published
- 2017
11. Quality of Life of Minority Students Impacted by Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
- Author
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Richardson, Wytress, Pitts, Claudia, Reed, Suzette Fromm, and Kent, Judith
- Abstract
Adults with unresolved Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) present a unique opportunity for universities to support students as they strive toward positive change. As marginalized students seek to improve their lives, they often utilize higher education as their means. Traditionally, this path has not been easy to for students to navigate, nor have institutions been tolerant or sensitive to the challenges they face. All students bring diverse issues, but those of the adult, minority student associated with ACEs, present a greater barrier to academic success. A strengths-based, ACEs-informed system within institutions to help students buffer the often-daunting higher education environment creates a more beneficial educational experience. [For the complete proceedings, see ED590245.]
- Published
- 2018
12. Why They Are Labeled 'At Risk' Children
- Author
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Ghongkedze, Mary N.
- Abstract
This paper explores generic factors that prevent children from normally reaching their full potentials. Early childhood is a period when children should normally grow in an environment which is secured, friendly, filled with warmth, and nurturing to enhance the holistic growth of all children. There are many theories, ideologies, and policies to define what good education is and the crucial need for each child to be given the opportunity to be educated. The theory on critical and sensitive periods must not be forgotten when it comes to children's education. Unfortunately, this is not the case around the world. The increasingly cultural, linguistic, social, and emotional differences in society hinder the education of many children. This paper will analyze and examine the label "at -risk" children and the trends that pose negative rather than positive opportunity for children to get adequate education to become successful in life. It will focus on the broad factors such as poverty, educational, health, homelessness, that are ubiquitous to at risk children across developed and less developed societies. The paper would examine the impact of these risk factors and suggest strategies to help children out of such predicaments.
- Published
- 2018
13. Evolutionary-adaptive and nonadaptive causes of infant attack/desertion in mammals: Toward a systematic classification of child maltreatment.
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Kuroda KO, Shiraishi Y, and Shinozuka K
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- Animals, Child, Humans, Adaptation, Physiological physiology, Behavior, Animal physiology, Biological Evolution, Child Abuse, Maternal Behavior physiology, Motivation physiology, Paternal Behavior physiology, Preoptic Area physiology
- Abstract
Behaviors comparable to human child maltreatment are observed widely among mammals, in which parental care is mandatory for offspring survival. This article first reviews the recent findings on the neurobiological mechanisms for nurturing (infant caregiving) behaviors in mammals. Then the major causes of attack/desertion toward infants (conspecific young) in nonhuman mammals are classified into five categories. Three of the categories are 'adaptive' in terms of reproductive fitness: (i) attack/desertion toward non-offspring; (ii) attack/desertion toward biological offspring with low reproductive value; and (iii) attack/desertion toward biological offspring under unfavorable environments. The other two are nonadaptive failures of nurturing motivation, induced by: (iv) caregivers' inexperience; or (v) dysfunction in caregivers' brain mechanisms required for nurturing behavior. The proposed framework covering both adaptive and nonadaptive factors comprehensively classifies the varieties of mammalian infant maltreatment cases and will support the future development of tailored preventive measures for each human case. Also included are remarks that are relevant to interpretation of available animal data to humans: (1) any kind of child abuse/neglect is not justified in modern human societies, even if it is widely observed and regarded as adaptive in nonhuman animals from the viewpoint of evolutionary biology; (2) group-level characteristics cannot be generalized to individuals; and (3) risk factors are neither deterministic nor irreversible., (© 2020 The Authors Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences © 2020 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.)
- Published
- 2020
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14. Examination of the Relationship between Childhood Trauma and Psychological Resilience in Preschool Teachers
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Ozaslan, Hatice, Gun, Rabia Seyma, and Akduman, Gulumser Gultekin
- Abstract
Background/purpose: This paper investigated the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological resilience in preschool teachers. The study also determined whether psychological resilience depended on age. Materials/methods: The study adopted a correlational survey model. The sample consisted of 268 preschool teachers. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire named the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33), and the Adult Resilience Measure (ARM-R). Results: The study's results showed that higher CTQ-33 emotional abuse, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, and total CTQ-33 subscale scores have correspondingly lower ARM-R total and subscale scores. The results also showed that higher physical abuse, physical neglect, and overprotection-overcontrol subscale scores have correspondingly lower ARM-R relational resources, personal resources, and familial resources subscale and total ARM-R scores. There was no correlation found between the CTQ-33 physical abuse, physical neglect, and overprotection-overcontrol subscale scores and the ARM-R cultural and contextual resources subscale scores. The results showed that age did not affect the participants' ARM-R subscale or total scores. Conclusion: The study's results revealed a negative correlation between childhood trauma and psychological resilience. Age did not affect psychological resilience levels.
- Published
- 2022
15. Adverse Childhood Experiences of Elementary School Students Exacerbated by COVID-19: A Conceptual Framework
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Williams, Tyreeka and Dowden, Angel
- Abstract
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 44% of elementary-aged students reported experiencing adverse childhood experiences, while 13% reported experiencing three or more (Blodgett & Lanigan, 2018). During the COVID-19 pandemic, parents faced many hardships such as economic and health disparities. This resulted in an influx of reported and presumably unreported adverse childhood experiences. The most reported experience included child neglect and psychological maltreatment (Sonu et al., 2021). While not seen as popular in the media and literature, the impact of psychological maltreatment is more severe than any other form of abuse (Hines, 2020). This paper will discuss the current conceptual findings, legal definitions, theoretical underpinnings, policy and practice implications as it relates to child neglect and psychological maltreatment of elementary-aged children.
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- 2022
16. Examining Mothers' Own Childhood Experiences, Behaviours toward Their Children and Attitudes toward Violence
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Kabakli Çimen, Latife
- Abstract
This research aims to examine the child-rearing experiences and attitudes toward the violence of mothers who witnessed or experienced violence in their childhood and those who have not. The research is conducted over a study group of 30 mothers whose 5- to 6-year-old children are attending kindergarten. The data have been collected using the semi-structured interview technique and analysed by performing descriptive analysis. As a result of the data analysis, the research findings have been gathered under five main themes: witnessing violence in childhood, unwanted behaviours in children, behaviours toward children when angry, punishments applied to children, and perspective on violence. According to the obtained results, 43.3% of the participant mothers had encountered a violent event that had affected them in their childhood, while 36.7% had not encountered any violent event. Regarding their child-raising experiences and attitudes toward violence, there were differences between mothers who had witnessed or experienced violence in their childhood and those who had not. When assessing the perspective on violence, 70% of the mothers consider using violence to be wrong, are completely against violence towards women and children, and believe that violence does not solve problems but instead leads to more violence. [This study was presented at the 10th International Educational Administration Forum (EYFOR X) held in Antalya/Turkey on 7-10 November 2019.]
- Published
- 2022
17. Characteristics of white matter structural connectivity in healthy adults with childhood maltreatment.
- Author
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He J, Zhong X, Cheng C, Dong D, Zhang B, Wang X, and Yao S
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Adult, Diffusion Tensor Imaging methods, Brain diagnostic imaging, Anxiety diagnostic imaging, White Matter diagnostic imaging, Child Abuse
- Abstract
Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a common psychological stressor associated with multiple mental disorders. While CM is associated with vulnerability to depression and anxiety, little is known about the specific mechanism underlying this relationship. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the white matter (WM) of healthy adults with CM and their relationships with depression and anxiety to provide biological evidence for the development of mental disorders in subjects with childhood trauma. Methods: The CM group included 40 healthy adults with CM. The non-CM group included 40 healthy adults without CM. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected, and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were applied to the whole brain to assess WM differences between the two groups; post-hoc fibre tractography was used to characterise the developmental differences; and mediation analysis was used to assess the relationships among the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) results, DTI indices, and depression and anxiety scores. Results: Relative to the non-CM group, the CM group revealed significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right posterior corona radiata (PCR-R), right anterior corona radiata (ACR-R), left super corona radiata (SCR-L), anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), and right posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC-R). Additionally, shorter fibre bundles passed through the PCR-R, ACR-R, and ATR in the CM group compared with the non-CM group. Besides, the length of the ACR-R mediated the relationship between CM and trait anxiety. Conclusions: The alteration of white matter microstructure associated with childhood trauma in healthy adults may reflect biomarkers of childhood trauma. Besides, an alteration of WM microstructure in healthy adults with CM mediates the association between CM and trait anxiety, which may represent the vulnerability to developing mental disorders after childhood trauma experiences.
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- 2023
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18. Characteristics and Predictors for Students Classified with Emotional and Behavioral Disorder Who Have Also Experienced Maltreatment
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Mattison, Richard E., Benner, Gregory J., and Kumm, Skip
- Abstract
Though experiencing maltreatment (abuse or neglect) appears to be common in students with the special education label of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), little research has been devoted to this topic by EBD educators. This paper uses archived file drawer data from 1992 that focuses on 149 students newly classified with EBD for whom a wide range of enrollment variables was collected, and who were subsequently followed up on an average of 8 years later to assess their educational outcomes. At enrollment, experiences of maltreatment were determined to have occurred in 57.7% of these participants. The group who experienced maltreatment was predicted at enrollment only by the family stress of having at least one natural parent with a history of psychiatric illness, although the concordance was not strong (52.3%). When the children who experienced maltreatment were next divided into two longitudinal groups according to educational outcomes (52.3% successful), the enrollment variables of the presence of anxiety and/or depressive disorder and younger age predicted the successful outcome group with good concordance (76.0%). Professional and programmatic implications for educators of students identified with EBD who have also experienced maltreatment are discussed, along with practical recommendations for serving this population.
- Published
- 2021
19. Reproductive coercion and abuse among pregnancy counselling clients in Australia: trends and directions.
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Sheeran N, Vallury K, Sharman LS, Corbin B, Douglas H, Bernardino B, Hach M, Coombe L, Keramidopoulos S, Torres-Quiazon R, and Tarzia L
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- Australia epidemiology, Child, Coercion, Counseling, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Child Abuse, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
- Abstract
Background: Reproductive coercion and abuse (RCA) interferes with a person's reproductive autonomy and can be classified into behaviours that are pregnancy promoting or pregnancy preventing (including coerced abortion). However, prevalence data are lacking, and little is known about whether particular forms of RCA are more or less common. The aims of our study were to explore how frequently people seeking pregnancy counselling reported RCA, the proportions reporting the different forms of RCA, and whether there were different trends based on a range of demographic factors., Methods: Data were collected from 5107 clients seeking counselling support for their pregnancy between January 2018 and December 2020 from two leading providers of pregnancy counselling and sexual and reproductive health services in Australia, Marie Stopes Australia and Children by Choice. Counsellors identified and recorded the presence of RCA and whether the behaviour was pregnancy promoting and/or pregnancy preventing. Demographic factors included age, and whether the person identified as being from a migrant or refugee community or as an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander person., Results: RCA was identified in 15.4% of clients, with similar proportions disclosing RCA towards pregnancy (6%) and towards pregnancy prevention or abortion (7.5%), and 1.9% experiencing RCA towards pregnancy and abortion concurrently. There were no differences based on age or whether the person identified as being from a migrant or refugee background, though people who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander experienced RCA that was significantly more likely to be pregnancy promoting., Conclusions: RCA is commonly disclosed by people seeking support in a pregnancy counselling context, and coercion and abuse is equally likely to be towards pregnancy promotion or pregnancy prevention/abortion. Given the prevalence and negative impacts of RCA, regardless of age and background, we recommend sensitive and culturally respectful enquiry around experiences of RCA be embedded in healthcare, health education, and health research., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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20. International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2016 (Lisbon, Portugal, April 30-May 2, 2016)
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World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS) (Portugal), Pracana, Clara, and Wang, Michael
- Abstract
We are delighted to welcome you to the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2016, taking place in Lisbon, Portugal, from 30 of April to 2 of May, 2016. Psychology, nowadays, offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, is aimed ultimately to benefit society. This International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. The conference is a forum that connects and brings together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. There is an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2016 received 332 submissions, from 37 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference 96 submissions (29% acceptance rate). The conference also includes: (1) A keynote presentation from Prof. Dr. Richard Bentall (Institute of Psychology, Health & Society of the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom); (2) Three Special Talks, one from Emeritus Professor Carlos Amaral Dias (University of Coimbra, Director of Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Vice-President of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Private practitioner of psychiatry and psychoanalysis, Portugal) and Prof. Clara Pracana (Full and Training member of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Portugal), another from Emeritus Professor Michael Wang (University of Leicester, United Kingdom), and a third one from Dr. Conceição Almeida (Founder of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy, and Vice-President of the Board. Member of the Teaching Committee, Portugal); (3) An Invited Talk from Dr. Ana Vasconcelos (SAMS--Serviços de Assistência Médico-Social do Sindicato dos Bancários de Sul e Ilhas, founding member of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, and member of NPA-Neuropshycanalysis Association, Portugal). Thus, we would like to express our gratitude to all our invitees. This volume is composed by the abstracts of the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT 2016), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.). This conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program six main broad-ranging categories had been chosen, which also cover different interest areas: (1) In CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: Emotions and related psychological processes; Assessment; Psychotherapy and counseling; Addictive behaviors; Eating disorders; Personality disorders; Quality of life and mental health; Communication within relationships; Services of mental health; and Psychopathology. (2) In EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: Language and cognitive processes; School environment and childhood disorders; Parenting and parenting related processes; Learning and technology; Psychology in schools; Intelligence and creativity; Motivation in classroom; Perspectives on teaching; Assessment and evaluation; and Individual differences in learning. (3) In SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: Cross-cultural dimensions of mental disorders; Employment issues and training; Organizational psychology; Psychology in politics and international issues; Social factors in adolescence and its development; Social anxiety and self-esteem; Immigration and social policy; Self-efficacy and identity development; Parenting and social support; and Addiction and stigmatization. (4) In LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY: Violence and trauma; Mass-media and aggression; Intra-familial violence; Juvenile delinquency; Aggressive behavior in childhood; Internet offending; Working with crime perpetrators; Forensic psychology; Violent risk assessment; and Law enforcement and stress. (5) In COGNITIVE AND EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: Perception, memory and attention; Decision making and problem-solving; Concept formation, reasoning and judgment; Language processing; Learning skills and education; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer analogies and information processing (Artificial Intelligence and computer simulations); Social and cultural factors in the cognitive approach; Experimental methods, research and statistics; and Biopsychology. (6) In PSYCHOANALYSIS AND PSYCHOANALYTICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY: Psychoanalysis and psychology; The unconscious; The Oedipus complex; Psychoanalysis of children; Pathological mourning; Addictive personalities; Borderline organizations; Narcissistic personalities; Anxiety and phobias; Psychosis; Neuropsychoanalysis. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters by sharing their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. Authors will be invited to publish extended contributions for a book to be published by inScience Press. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, partners and, of course, to the organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. (Individual papers contain references.) [Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]
- Published
- 2016
21. Assessing the Mental Health of Maltreated Youth with Child Welfare Involvement Using Multi-Informant Reports
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Makol, Bridget A., De Los Reyes, Andres, Garrido, Edward, Harlaar, Nicole, and Taussig, Heather
- Abstract
Researchers often question the validity of multi-informant assessments among adolescents with child welfare involvement. Yet, within other clinical populations, prior research finds that multi-informant reports have a discernable structure characterized by discrete patterns of agreement and disagreement. This structure "tracks" contextual displays of behavior and clinical severity. We examined the structure of multi-informant reports (i.e., adolescent, caregiver, teacher) of adolescent externalizing and internalizing problems in a sample of adolescents with a history of child welfare involvement. Across problem domains and informants, reporting patterns mirrored those observed in other clinical populations, and displayed characteristics robustly present in meta-analytic work on cross-informant correspondence. Specifically, informants agreed more on reports of externalizing problems than internalizing problems and caregiver-teacher dyads agreed more than adolescent-caregiver dyads. Overall, we found robust, replicable patterns of multi-informant reports among child welfare involved adolescents. These reporting patterns may facilitate use and interpretation of multi-informant evidence-based assessments among this population. [This paper was published in "Child Psychiatry and Human Development" v52 n1 p49-62 2021.]
- Published
- 2021
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22. Amalia defendant served with divorce papers at Taos jail
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News, John Miller Taos
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Divorce ,Child abuse ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Byline: John Miller Taos News One of five people facing child abuse charges after 11 children were removed last week from a ramshackle compound in Northern New Mexico was served [...]
- Published
- 2018
23. International Perspectives for Research on Child Abuse and Neglect
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Moradi Sheykhjan, Tohid
- Abstract
The purpose of this article is to find out the significance of international perspectives for research on child abuse and neglect. Child abuse is not a new phenomenon. Increased international communication and exposure has brought awareness in many that child abuse is a phenomenon intrinsic to all human society since the beginning of time. Abuse of children and adolescents is a complex international problem that seems to defy simple analysis and easy answers. We need to raise the public's awareness of the devastating effects of child abuse. Survivors of child abuse and neglect may be at greater risk for problems later in life such as low academic achievement, drug use, teen pregnancy, and criminal behavior that affect not just the child and family, but society as a whole. This includes the worst forms imaginable of child labor, involvement in armed conflict, exposure to female genital mutilation, child marriage, being sold into slavery, or being solicited over the internet. Whereas individual studies often use different definitions of the term, the results cannot be compared with each other and there is no universal standard exists for optimal child care or for child abuse. Most international communities have tended to focus only upon societal, or extra familial, abuses to children. In many others, the focus has been on issues relating to child labor, beggary, prostitution and marriage. In some more developed countries, attention has turned toward more intra-familial abuses and issues. Moreover, many abused and neglected children never come to the attention of government authorities or individuals who can make efforts to protect a particular child. It is clear that a significant number of children will remain at high risk for experiencing violence and other negative outcomes. Given all of this information, it is hoped that national and international partnerships will continue to make efforts to improve service availability and quality to children across the world.
- Published
- 2015
24. Corporal Punishment in Schools: Theoretical Discussion and Personal Experience
- Author
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Alsaif, Omar Abdulaziz
- Abstract
This paper ponders the lasting effects of corporal punishment on students. The paper first considers the benefits and faults of corporal punishment by comparing the experiences of two generations of students and teachers. Starting with the definition of corporal punishment as applied locally and globally, the paper analyzes the reasons for its use, and the rationale of those who defend its legitimacy. The paper concludes with a discussion of the impact of the decision to ban corporal punishment in Saudi Arabian schools on Saudi students and its consequences from the students' perspective.
- Published
- 2015
25. Boys and CSA Prevention: Issues Surrounding Gender and Approaches for Prevention
- Author
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Scholes, Laura, Jones, Christian, and Nagel, Michael
- Abstract
Freda Briggs (2007), a leader in the field of child protection in Australia continues to raise concerns about the vulnerability and victimisation of boys that she believes is substantially under-recognised. She argues that boys have not been well supported by child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention programs with child protection curriculum not yet developed to meet the special needs of boys. Briggs (2007) advocates for school-based child protection programs that address issues relevant for boys. This paper responds to these concerns and explores some of the complexities inherent in issues associated with boys and CSA including boys' perceptions of abuse, their tendency to under-report the incidence and perceptions of prevention programs as not relevant. The paper also considers some of the barriers to effectively engaging boys in prevention programs while proposing games-based CSA prevention offers a contemporary mode of delivering key messages to address the needs of both boys and girls
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Session 3190 (Paper): DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE OVER THE LIFE COURSE.
- Subjects
DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities ,LIFE course approach ,LEAD toxicology ,COGNITIVE ability ,CHILD abuse ,MENTAL health of older people - Published
- 2021
27. The Impact of Child Maltreatment on the Educational and Psychological Well-Being of Students
- Author
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Chitiyo, Jonathan and Pietrantoni, Zachary
- Abstract
Child maltreatment continues to be a major health and social welfare problem across the globe. In the United States, millions of children from all socioeconomic backgrounds, across all ages, religions, and cultures are victims of child maltreatment every day and millions more are at risk. Research has consistently shown that exposure to child maltreatment in all its forms negatively affects the current and future educational performance and emotional and psychological well-being of children. The purpose of this paper is to provide a literature synthesis of the impact of child maltreatment on the educational and psychological well-being of students. Recommendations for educators working in school settings are provided.
- Published
- 2019
28. What Is Known about Initial Teacher Education for Child Protection? A Protocol for a Systematic Scoping Review
- Author
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Walsh, Kerryann, Howard, Sarah, Hand, Kirstine, Ey, Lesley, Fenton, Angela, and Whiteford, Chrystal
- Abstract
Child maltreatment is a serious problem, worldwide. Children and young people who have experienced maltreatment face multiple physical and mental health challenges which hinder their success at school and these adverse experiences makes them more challenging to teach than their non-maltreated peers. Increasingly, teachers are considered as an important part of the wider the child protection workforce as they are well-placed to intervene and prevent further harm. To fulfil this role effectively, teachers require requisite training beginning in initial teacher education programs. This paper is a protocol for a systematic scoping review that asks: "What is known about preservice/initial teacher education for child protection?" Systematic scoping reviews are worthwhile and necessary in fields where research is diverse and needing of synthesis to identify strengths in the body of evidence and identify gaps to set new research directions. We will draw on Askey and O'Malley's six-stage scoping review methodology to assess the scope, range, and nature of research activity on this topic. We will add an innovative seventh stage involving a commitment to disseminating and applying knowledge generated from the review. The research question has been established, and key terms defined (Stage 1). The search strategy has been devised, and searches have been run (Stage 2). Round 1 screening of titles and abstracts is completed and full text screening is currently in progress (Stage 3). To our knowledge this is the first attempt to systematically map the empirical literature on child protection in pre-service teacher education. When completed, this systematic scoping review will offer a comprehensive, transparent, and replicable way to assess the full scope of empirical research on this important topic of utmost educational relevance.
- Published
- 2019
29. THE CHALLENGE OF TEACHING SPANISH L1 AS PLURICENTRIC LANGUAGE FROM A CRITICAL LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE.
- Author
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García, María López
- Subjects
SPANISH language ,CRITICAL analysis ,LANGUAGE policy ,LINGUISTIC context ,TEACHING methods ,ELECTRONIC textbooks ,CHILD abuse - Abstract
Copyright of Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics is the property of Nordic Council for Reindeer Husbandry Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Problematizing Child Maltreatment: Learning from New Zealand's Policies.
- Author
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Nazari, Hamed, Oleson, James C., and De Haan, Irene
- Subjects
CHILD abuse ,CHILD welfare ,SOCIAL control ,SOCIAL classes ,WELL-being ,CONTENT analysis - Abstract
Since all policies address problems, they necessarily include implicit or explicit constructions of these problems. This paper explores how child maltreatment has been constructed in New Zealand's child protection policies. It questions the underlying assumptions of this problem construction and seeks to shed light on what has been omitted. Utilizing a qualitative content analysis of eight key policy documents, this study reveals the construction of child maltreatment has been dominated primarily by a child-centric, risk-focused approach. This approach assigns blame and shifts responsibilities onto parents and families. In addition, the vulnerability discourse and social investment approach underpinning this perspective have allowed important structural factors, such as poverty and inequality, to remain unaddressed. This paper also highlights the one-dimensional focus on the lower social class to control future liabilities. We suggest that the harm inflicted by corporations on children's well-being is another form of child exploitation currently omitted from the problem construction. We suggest that child abuse should be defined and understood in policy as harm to children's well-being and argue that the state should prevent and mitigate harm by addressing structural forces of the problem as well as protecting children against corporate harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. How Should We Educate Children about Violence?
- Author
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Evans, Brad
- Abstract
This paper addresses the pedagogical challenges when dealing with the education of violence for young children. Drawing upon personal teaching experience and wider critical engagements, it makes the case for a broader understanding of critical interventions that recognizes the political importance of the arts and humanities. Key here is to account for multiple ways violence can be addressed, while taking seriously the agency of children (both affirmatively and in terms of promoting self-reflection) in our educational practices. If children are active agents for change in countering violence, not simply through a responsive critique, but through a more affirmative appreciation of the art of politics, then there is a need to rethink what principles are required to guide their futures.
- Published
- 2022
32. Study on the Relationship among Parents' Cognition on China Anti-Domestic Violence, Attitude of Beating Children and Frequency of Beating Children
- Author
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Song, Shi
- Abstract
This research aims at analyzing the correlation between parents' awareness of anti-domestic violence in China, attitude and frequency of beating children. According to the literature analysis, this paper sets children's parents' anti-domestic violence cognition and attitude of beating children as independent variable, and the frequency of beating children as dependent variables. It adopts self-edited Anti-family Violence Cognitive Scale and Sale of Attitude of Beating Children, investigates 2 to 6 years old children's parents (N = 957) in Jilin Province of China. After the hierarchical regression analysis, it shows that the anti-domestic violence cognition and attitude of beating children have the explanatory power on the frequency of beating children.
- Published
- 2018
33. Session 1290 (Paper): RESEARCH METHODS.
- Subjects
AGING ,CHILD abuse ,INSTITUTIONAL care ,DOMESTIC violence ,SIBLINGS - Published
- 2021
34. What do we know about how children and adolescents conceptualise violence? A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies from sub-Saharan Africa.
- Author
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Turner, Ellen, Kelly, Susan A., Eldred, Emily, Bouzanis, Katrina, Gatuguta, Anne, Balliet, Manuela, Lees, Shelley, and Devries, Karen
- Subjects
STREET children ,FEMALE genital mutilation ,TEENAGERS ,VIOLENCE against LGBTQ+ people ,VIOLENCE ,CHILD abuse - Abstract
Background: Half of the world's children experience violence every year, but the meaning of violence is not universally agreed. We may therefore risk failing to measure, and address, the acts that matter most to children and adolescents. In this paper, we describe and synthesise evidence on how children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa conceptualise different behavioural acts which are deemed violence in childhood under WHO and UN CRC definitions. Methods and findings: We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies. We searched PsychINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Global Health, Medline and ERIC for all publications released prior to March 2023. 30 papers met inclusion criteria. We synthesised primary data from children and adolescents and drew upon theoretical and contextual interpretations of authors of included studies. Only 12 of more than 45 sub-Saharan African countries were represented with relevant research. Of the 30 included papers, 25 came from three countries: South Africa, Uganda and Ghana. Only 10 of 30 papers reported data from young children (pre-adolescence), and 18 of 30 papers primarily focused on sexual violence. 14 studies used child friendly and/or participatory methods. From this limited evidence, we identified six overarching themes in how children and adolescents conceptualised their experiences of acts internationally recognised as violence: 1) adults abusing or neglecting responsibility; 2) sexual violence from peers, family and community members; 3) violence in established intimate relationships; 4) emotional violence surrounding sex from peers and community members; 5) fighting and beating between peers; 6) street and community dangers. No studies meeting our inclusion criteria specifically examined children or adolescents' conceptualisations of homophobic or transphobic violence; violence against children with disabilities; boys' experiences of sexual violence from male perpetrators; trafficking, modern slavery or conflict; child labour; or female genital mutilation. We found that three dimensions were important in how children and adolescents constructed conceptualisations of violence: their age, relationship to the perpetrator, and the physical location of acts they had experienced. These dimensions were interrelated and gendered. Conclusion: The current limited evidence base suggests children and adolescents' conceptualisations of violence overlapped with, but were also distinct from, the WHO and UNCRC definitions of violence. Currently international survey tools focus on measuring types and frequencies of particular acts and neglect to focus on children's understandings of those acts. Relationship to perpetrator, age of child, physical location are all important in how children conceptualise their experiences of acts internationally recognised as violence, and therefore might be important for their health and social outcomes. Those developing measures should account for these dimensions when developing items for testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Heads You Win, Tails I Lose: The Dilemma Mandatory Reporting Poses for Teachers
- Author
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Falkiner, Meredith, Thomson, Donald, Guadagno, Belinda, and Day, Andrew
- Abstract
Australian teachers are mandated to report instances of child maltreatment should they suspect a child is being maltreated. Some teachers are reluctant to make a report based on suspicion alone. This review examines the barriers that may prevent teachers from reporting. It is suggested that to overcome these barriers and form a reasonable belief that a child is being maltreated, teachers may attempt to seek out proof by questioning the suspected victim. Inappropriate questioning can have detrimental consequences such as wrongful reporting when maltreatment is not occurring, or worse, no report made when a child is being maltreated. Based on the review of the literature presented in this paper and given the changing landscape of mandatory reporting in Australia, research is recommended. First, to determine if the barriers for reporting still hold true and, secondly, to establish the motivations of teachers who may question a child when they suspect maltreatment, along with exploration on how they approach this task.
- Published
- 2017
36. Curbing Violence among Children through Adult Education Programmes
- Author
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Saula, Shamsideen Ayinla
- Abstract
Children constitute a significant proportion of any nation's population and they are the inheritors of the society. In Nigeria, children hold a great thrust for the future. This paper examined various methods by adult educators in curbing violence among children through various adult education programmes such as literacy education, fundamental education etc. The study was a survey designed to investigate causes, effects and ways of curbing violence among children in Nigeria. Three research questions were formulated and tested for the study. A total of 200 respondents comprising of both teachers and students were selected from 10 public junior secondary schools in Ikeja Local Government Area of Lagos State. An instrument titled "Curbing Violence among Children" was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using frequency tables and percentages. The result revealed that children's violence is mostly caused by family background, peer influence, exposure to violent films, emotional instability and poor child upbringing. Opportunity for sports and other recreational activities, games, debate, excursions, club activities, visitation to schools by parents, establishment of Guidance and Counselling units are some of the strategies suggested for curbing violence among children in the state.
- Published
- 2017
37. Structuring the Learning Disabilities Module: A Course Design Based on Case Study
- Author
-
Kahveci, Gul and Serin, Nerguz Bulut
- Abstract
Children with learning disabilities are at greater risk of being victims of sexual abuse in schools. This paper discusses 4th year pre-service school counsellors' specific knowledge related to self-confidence and skills to execute the prevention and support processes on the topic of sexual abuse in children with learning disabilities. Qualitative research data from the questionnaire answers received from 80 pre-service school counsellors were analysed using thematic analysis with an action research format. The results demonstrated that their preparation program was inadequate and needed more content relating to child sexual abuse. The results also showed that the knowledge of the pre-service school psychologists related to sexual abuse, the prevention and support processes for sexual abuse increased significantly after application of the action research content. These results are promising, but more research is needed to see if the increased knowledge in turn leads to application in practice and better care for victims.
- Published
- 2017
38. Session 4280 (Paper): MENTAL HEALTH AND AGING.
- Subjects
MENTAL health services for older people ,OLDER Mexican Americans ,DEPRESSION in old age ,POOR older people ,CHILD abuse - Published
- 2021
39. Critical Child Protection Studies: An Introduction.
- Author
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Parton, Nigel Ashmore
- Subjects
CHILD welfare ,CHILD abuse ,INSTITUTIONAL care of children ,CHILD protection services ,YOUNG adults - Abstract
Until the last few years of the twentieth century, there was very little critical analysis surrounding child protection policies and practices. Although child protection systems were originally designed for interventions into the private family, the concepts of child protection and safeguarding have increasingly broadened to address concerns external to the family and we have several papers where this is the focus. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Children Literature: A Potent Tool in the Hands of Absentee Parent(s)
- Author
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Daniel, Iyabode Omolara Akewo
- Abstract
Children literature remains the focus of discussions among those concerned with the positive socialisation of children within the African society. However, how it can serve for the socialisation of children by the home has not been clearly understood. This paper discusses the tangible role children literature can play in the socialisation process. It specifically focuses on the way the absentee parent(s) can effectively use children literature as a tool of child training. It outlined the nature of children literature as it exists in the Nigerian society. It identified some important techniques such as didactism, journey motif, child abuse, characterisation, etc. which writers use to convey their messages in Nigerian children literature. It identified how writers use aesthetics to attract, keep and teach children the needed morality in the society. It concludes by outlining the way that the teacher/parent can effectively bring to life children literature to youngsters and thus engage it for positive socialisation of children within the African social milieu.
- Published
- 2015
41. The Role of Resilience in Coping with Negative Parental Behaviour
- Author
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Barnová, Silvia, Tamášová, Viola, and Krásna, Slávka
- Abstract
Introduction: Negative parental behaviour is among the significant risk factors that can have a negative impact on an individual's development. In certain contexts, when appropriate protective factors are available, individuals deal with adversity better and it does not come to a decrease in their social performance nor their achievement in various spheres of life. Purpose: The purpose of the presented paper is to provide a literature review on the role of resilience in dealing with harsh circumstances when negative parental behaviour occurs in a family. Methods: In the study, the traditional desk research method was used to gather data. Conclusions: Exposure to negative parental behaviour -- including abuse and neglect, as well as domestic violence, can have detrimental consequences for children's health and welfare. Under such circumstances, protective factors available to children play a significant role. Exposure to negative parental behaviour, including abuse and neglect, as well as domestic violence, can have detrimental consequences for children's health and welfare. Under such circumstances, protective factors available to children play a significant role. If a family fails to protect a child or even represents a risk factor in the child's life, the importance of other social institutions, such as schools, church, peer groups, etc., increases, as both internal and external protective factors are important. They can provide children at risk with support, help them develop own coping strategies and foster their resilience in order to overcome significant adversity in their families without serious harm. An individual's resilience is a decisive factor in the process of dealing with threatening situations.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The association between child maltreatment, cognitive reappraisal, negative coping styles, and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with major depressive disorder.
- Author
-
Li Y, Wan Z, Gong X, Wen L, Sun T, Liu J, Xie X, Zhang C, and Cai Z
- Subjects
- Humans, Adolescent, Male, Female, Child, Cognition physiology, Depressive Disorder, Major psychology, Self-Injurious Behavior psychology, Child Abuse psychology, Adaptation, Psychological
- Abstract
Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant public health concern among adolescents with major depressive disorders (MDD). Although previous research has linked child maltreatment (CM) to NSSI, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between CM, cognitive reappraisal (CR), negative coping styles (NC) and NSSI in adolescents with MDD, from the perspectives of both Latent Variable Theory and the Network Theory of Mental Disorder., Methods: A sample of 651 adolescents with MDD was recruited from January to December 2023. Data on CM, CR, NC, and NSSI were collected through paper-based self-reported questionnaires. Data analysis primarily involved structural equation modeling and network analysis., Results: The reporting rate of NSSI among adolescents with MDD was 48.2%. CM showed a significant positive correlation with NSSI. NSSI was affected by CM through three paths: the mediating role of CR, the mediating role of NC, and the chain mediating role of both CR and NC. Emotional abuse (EA) was the central node, while NSSI, EA, and "The urge to cry quietly when faced with troubles"(NC10) were the key bridge nodes., Conclusions: This study is the first to use both structural equation modeling and network analysis to explore the explore the relationship between CM, CR, NC, and NSSI in adolescents with MDD, providing a theoretical basis for future early prevention and targeted interventions for adolescents with MDD., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Child Abusing News: Episodic and Thematic Media Framing Adapting the Children Act and UNICEF's Principles in Bangladesh.
- Author
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Jahan, Nusrat and Razib, Mehedy Hassan
- Subjects
CHILD abuse ,TABLOID newspapers ,CONTENT analysis - Abstract
Media is the principal channel of communication that structures people's consciousness. Such influence of media is often constructed through particular framing which reaches powerful organizations and encourages them to work on different social issues like child abuse. The present study is designed to assess the trend of episodic and thematic media framing on child-abusing news and its relation with the adaptation of The Children Act along with UNICEF's reporting principles. With media framing theory this paper executed a quantitative study through content analysis. A total of 1091 news articles were studied from two broadsheets and one tabloid newspaper within a timeline of one year. Results revealed that episodic news has a higher tendency of violating reporting principles than thematic. Incidents of sexual abuse received most of the coverage in Bangladeshi newspapers where girls were found most likely to be the victims of misrepresentation. Finally, the tabloid newspaper was found guiltier of unethical reporting than the broadsheets which established a significant connection between the tendency of principles violation and newspaper type. The paper recommended policymakers, child welfare institutes, and mass media promote children's rights to decrease the rate of abuse cases in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. A scoping review linking early childhood caries to violence, neglect, internally displaced, migrant and refugee status.
- Author
-
Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Schroth, Robert J., Ayouni, Imen, Nguweneza, Arthemon, Arheiam, Arheiam, Al-Batayneh, Ola B., Virtanen, Jorma I., Gaffar, Balgis, Duangthip, Duangporn, Sun, Ivy Guofang, Mohebbi, Simin, Feldens, Carlos A., and Tantawi, Maha El
- Subjects
ONLINE information services ,TORTURE ,ADVERSE childhood experiences ,PSYCHOLOGY of refugees ,CHILD abuse ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,PSYCHOLOGY of mothers ,MIGRANT labor ,VIOLENCE ,RISK assessment ,CRIME victims ,INTIMATE partner violence ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DENTAL caries ,LITERATURE reviews ,MEDLINE ,SUSTAINABLE development ,DISEASE risk factors ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: The aim of the scoping review was to identify and synthesize the available literature concerning the relationship between the status of refugees, migrants, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) and Early Childhood Caries (ECC) as it relates to the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16). Methods: Data regarding the links between the status of refugees, migrants, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) and Early Childhood Caries (ECC), and the associations between ECC and maternal and child exposure to physical and sexual abuse, insecurity, crime, exploitation, torture, and displacement were extracted. The search was carried out in January 2023 across three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus). Only publications in English with accessible full texts were included. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the categories of the retrieved papers, and graphical representation was employed for visualization purposes. The relationships between the publications and each of the 10 targets of Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16) were also assessed. Results: Forty-five studies were reviewed. Most studies (42.2%) originated from the Americas Regions, while no studies were identified from the Africa Region. A significant portion (46.7%) of the papers focused on abuse, violence, and neglect as risk factors for ECC. Migrants, refugees, and IDPs were the most investigated populations (44.4%). Only one study specifically focused on IDPs and migrants respectively. The prevalence of untreated caries was higher among migrants, refugees, and IDPs compared to the host community, ECC was more prevalent among children who experienced abuse, neglect, or were in protective care. The was no clear direction on the associations between ECC and intimate partner violence, adverse childhood experiences, and wars. In terms of the SDGs, the reviewed publications addressed four targets (SDG16.1, SDG16.2, SDG16.3, and SDG16.5) out of the ten targets outlined in SDG 16. Conclusion: There is available evidence regarding the connections between ECC and war, refugees, migration, violence, and neglect, as outlined in SDG 16. Future studies are needed to investigate how forced movements directly affects ECC status, how disruptions of peace and stability is a risk factor for ECC, and the associations between ECC and other indicators related to SDG 16 targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Decentralised Water–Energy–Food (WEF) systems in Africa: space analysis, least-cost modelling of sack farming and establishment of renewable energy technologies in the Diepsloot slums of Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Author
-
Bhanye, Johannes, Kloeffel, Tobias, Beyers, Miriam, Mabaso, Mbali, Rajadurai, Kartikeyan, Winklmaier, Johannes, and Matamanda, Abraham
- Subjects
AGRICULTURE ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,SUSTAINABLE urban development ,FOOD security ,SLUMS ,CITY dwellers ,CHILD abuse - Abstract
The African continent is confronted with interconnected challenges of water, energy, and food insecurity, particularly affecting marginalized urban residents. Decentralized Water-Energy-Food (WEF) systems have emerged as potential solutions to alleviate these issues exacerbated by climate change. Despite scholarly acknowledgment of constraints related to WEF, there is a growing global trend towards trials of innovative decentralized WEF systems. This paper contributes to the body of research aimed at demonstrating the applicability of decentralised WEF systems at local level, by showcasing the potential of such systems to enhance water, energy and food security in informal settlements. Focusing on Diepsloot slums in Johannesburg, South Africa, the paper applied space analysis, least-cost modeling of sack farming, and renewable energy technologies in providing WEF solutions that demonstrate feasibility, sustainability and decentralised solutions for informal settlements, compared to the popular broad-based solutions that often neglect these marginalised communities. Utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS), AquaCrop crop modeling, financial analysis, and linear optimization modelling urbs, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of past climate trends, water sources, spatial plant arrangements, and a proposed community centre. The proposed Phezulu 'Up' growers' model and the positive return on investment further demonstrate the feasibility of decentralized WEF systems. Policymakers are encouraged to promote these WEF systems to bolster urban livelihoods and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably SDG 2, 6, and 7, in marginalized African urban areas. Recommendations and areas of further research include looking into issues of community engagement, partnerships, risk mitigation, strategies for equity and inclusivity and local knowledge integration during WEF implementation, and robust critique of WEF practical interventions and comparative analysis with other WEF models. Overall, the study provides a blueprint for inclusive and sustainable urban development, emphasizing the importance of localized WEF solutions and community empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Applying the WHO-INTEGRATE evidence-to-decision framework in the development of WHO guidelines on parenting interventions: step-by-step process and lessons learnt.
- Author
-
Movsisyan A, Backhaus S, Butchart A, Gardner F, Strahwald B, and Rehfuess E
- Subjects
- Humans, Child, Health Policy, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Stakeholder Participation, Public Health, Guidelines as Topic, World Health Organization, Parenting, Child Abuse prevention & control, Decision Making
- Abstract
Background: Development of guidelines for public health, health system, and health policy interventions demands complex systems thinking to understand direct and indirect effects of interventions within dynamic systems. The WHO-INTEGRATE framework, an evidence-to-decision framework rooted in the norms and values of the World Health Organization (WHO), provides a structured method to assess complexities in guidelines systematically, such as the balance of an intervention's health benefits and harms and their human rights and socio-cultural acceptability. This paper provides a worked example of the application of the WHO-INTEGRATE framework in developing the WHO guidelines on parenting interventions to prevent child maltreatment, and shares reflective insights regarding the value added, challenges encountered, and lessons learnt., Methods: The methodological approach comprised describing the intended step-by-step application of the WHO-INTEGRATE framework and gaining reflective insights from introspective sessions within the core team guiding the development of the WHO guidelines on parenting interventions and a methodological workshop., Results: The WHO-INTEGRATE framework was used throughout the guideline development process. It facilitated reflective deliberation across a broad range of decision criteria and system-level aspects in the following steps: (1) scoping the guideline and defining stakeholder engagement, (2) prioritising WHO-INTEGRATE sub-criteria and guideline outcomes, (3) using research evidence to inform WHO-INTEGRATE criteria, and (4) developing and presenting recommendations informed by WHO-INTEGRATE criteria. Despite the value added, challenges, such as substantial time investment required, broad scope of prioritised sub-criteria, integration across diverse criteria, and sources of evidence and translation of insights into concise formats, were encountered., Conclusions: Application of the WHO-INTEGRATE framework was crucial in the integration of effectiveness evidence with insights into implementation and broader implications of parenting interventions, extending beyond health benefits and harms considerations and fostering a whole-of-society-perspective. The evidence reviews for prioritised WHO-INTEGRATE sub-criteria were instrumental in guiding guideline development group discussions, informing recommendations and clarifying uncertainties. This experience offers important lessons for future guideline panels and guideline methodologists using the WHO-INTEGRATE framework., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Bisphenol AF exposure synergistically increases the risk for suicidality among early adolescents with child maltreatment: A prospective cohort study.
- Author
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Li Y, Yuan M, Zhang C, Zhang X, Hao J, Tao F, Wang G, and Su P
- Subjects
- Humans, Adolescent, Male, Female, Prospective Studies, Child, China epidemiology, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Cohort Studies, Suicide, Attempted statistics & numerical data, Suicide, Attempted psychology, Environmental Pollutants blood, Fluorocarbons, Phenols, Child Abuse psychology, Child Abuse statistics & numerical data, Suicidal Ideation, Benzhydryl Compounds
- Abstract
Background: Child maltreatment (CM) is correlated with suicidality risk among adolescents. Additionally, exposure to bisphenol AF (BPAF) may increase this risk. However, the combined effect of CM and BPAF exposure remains unknown and should be further investigated., Methods: In this study, 1,475 early adolescents (mean age = 12.48 years) from the Chinese Early Adolescents Cohort were enrolled. Data were collected at three time points with an interval of 12 months between 2019 and 2021. Participants' history of CM and suicidality (including suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts) were evaluated using a self-report questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained from participants to measure serum BPAF concentrations at baseline. Group-based trajectory modeling was employed to identify different developmental trajectories of suicidality across the three waves. After adjusting for potential confounders, the association between CM and BPAF exposure on suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts was assessed using logistic regression and Poisson regression analyses., Results: Participants with CM were associated with a risk of one- and two-year incident suicidality (all ps < 0.05), and BPAF levels were positively associated with two-year incident suicidal ideation (adjusted OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.13-2.50). Additionally, middle and high levels of BPAF exposure synergistically increase the risk for one- and two-year incident suicidal ideation among participants with CM (adjusted ORs = 2.00-3.83). Similarly, participants exposed to high-level BPAF as well as CM were at a greater risk of one- and two-year incident suicidal attempts than those with low-level BPAF exposure and no CM (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRRs] = 2.82-4.34). Moreover, compared with participants with a low developmental trajectory of suicidality across the three waves, high BPAF exposure exhibited a significant synergistic effect on participants with CM in the persistently high suicidal ideation trajectory and the increasing suicidal attempts trajectory (all ps < 0.05). Sex subgroup analysis revealed that females were more susceptible to the synergistic effect of BPAF and CM exposure on suicidality than males., Conclusions: Environmental factors and the psychological status of individuals may synergistically increase their susceptibility to suicidality. These results offer novel insights into enhancing our understanding of suicidality among adolescents., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Understanding adverse childhood experiences and the call for trauma-informed healthcare system in Turkey: a review.
- Author
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Yildiz NG, Aydin HZ, Aydin K, Yildiz H, Sambo G, Mwamulima B, Zonda JM, Phiri D, and Phiri YVA
- Subjects
- Humans, Turkey, Child, Adolescent, Mental Health, Exposure to Violence, Violence, Female, Family Characteristics, Child Abuse therapy, Delivery of Health Care, Adverse Childhood Experiences
- Abstract
Over the past four decades, research has underscored the significance of approaching and preventing trauma from a systemic standpoint. Trauma-informed care (TIC) methodologies offer a structure for healthcare practices, striving to convert organizations into trauma-informed systems that employ trauma-specific interventions. This review employs epidemiological and household data from Turkey to underscore the importance of integrating trauma-informed care as a means of prevention and intervention. Through a desk review, the study examines the role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), delving into their origin from family dynamics, migration, violence, exposure to violence, juvenile delinquency, and child maltreatment. The research highlights innovative healthcare approaches that leverage data to address complex patient health issues while considering mental health needs. In contemporary times, healthcare organizations acknowledge the value of a data-driven approach to make informed clinical decisions, enhance treatment procedures, and improve overall healthcare outcomes. The reviewed research and empirical data furnish proof of the importance of effective and efficient treatment methods that prioritize trauma prevention and treatment, integrating the role of ACEs. This paper seeks to contribute to discussions on transforming the healthcare system to meet the healthcare needs of Turkish households, all the while taking into account the evolving sociopolitical factors that shape Turkey's population characteristics., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Is It Harmful? A Thomistic Perspective on Risk Science in Social Welfare
- Author
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Horvat, Saša, Roszak, Piotr, and Taylor, Brian J.
- Subjects
Child abuse ,Risk ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filozofija ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Prudence ,Rationality ,Social Welfare ,Epistemology ,Probability ,Scholastic philosophy ,Social work ,Terminology ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Teologija ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Theology ,Humans ,Sociology ,Child ,General Nursing ,media_common ,Original Paper ,Religious studies ,General Medicine ,Causality ,Philosophy ,Knowledge ,Harm ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philosophy - Abstract
Probabilistic information is used increasingly, from medical research to weather forecasting. The relationship between probability and causality requires an acceptable philosophical account. Social work, which contributes to healthy wellbeing, increasingly uses language of probabilistic causal relationships between harms and subsequent limitations to healthy functioning. This paper explores causal understandings of probabilistic knowledge using concepts of the theologian, Thomas Aquinas. Social welfare terminology regarding risk (such as factors that are 'causative of' child abuse) is explored using epistemological concepts from scholastic philosophy. Aquinas' anthropological concepts related to modern 'risk science' and his concepts of rationality, harm and prudence are applied to contemporary social welfare.
- Published
- 2021
50. Brain structures and functional connectivity in neglected children with no other types of maltreatment.
- Author
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Kawata NYS, Nishitani S, Yao A, Takiguchi S, Mizuno Y, Mizushima S, Makita K, Hamamura S, Saito DN, Okazawa H, Fujisawa TX, and Tomoda A
- Subjects
- Humans, Child, Male, Female, Gray Matter diagnostic imaging, Gray Matter pathology, Case-Control Studies, Connectome, Nerve Net diagnostic imaging, Nerve Net physiopathology, Child Abuse psychology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain physiopathology, Brain pathology
- Abstract
Child maltreatment can adversely affect brain development, leading to vulnerabilities in brain structure and function and various psychiatric disorders. Among the various types of child maltreatment, neglect has the highest incidence rate (76.0%); however, data on its sole adverse influence on the brain remain limited. This case-control brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study identified the changes in gray matter structure and function that distinguish neglected children with no other type of maltreatment (Neglect group, n = 23) from typically developing children (TD group, n = 140), and investigated the association between these structural and functional differences and specific psychosocial phenotypes observed in neglected children. Our results showed that the Neglect group had a larger right and left anterior cingulate cortex (R/L.ACC) and smaller left angular gyrus (L.AG) gray matter volume. The larger R/L.ACC was associated with hyperactivity and inattention. Resting-state functional analysis showed increased functional connectivity (FC) between the left supramarginal gyrus (L.SMG) in the salience network (SN) and the right middle frontal gyrus (R.MFG) simultaneously with a decrease in FC with the L.ACC for the same seed. The increased FC for the R.MFG was associated with difficulty in peer problems and depressive symptoms; a mediating effect was evident for depressive symptoms. These results suggest that the structural atypicality of the R/L.ACC indirectly contributes to the disturbed FCs within the SN, thereby exacerbating depressive symptoms in neglected children. In conclusion, exposure to neglect in childhood may lead to maladaptive brain development, particularly neural changes associated with depressive symptoms., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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